In resolving psychological issues regarding the adoption and upbringing of a child, a systematic approach is the best. System-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan explains that a person’s mental properties are given from birth and are not hereditary. That is, psychologically the child may be completely different from his parents. From this point of view, natural parents do not have any special advantages in relation to adoptive parents, in the sense that the psyche is not inherited.

Part one. How to take a child from an orphanage

Legislatively, the procedure for adopting children in Russia consists of five main steps:

Come to the territorial Department of Guardianship and Trusteeship at your place of residence and write an application.

Complete training at a foster parent school, which is conducted by training centers under the guardianship authorities. Training is compulsory and free. Here you will find many nuances on how to adopt a child from orphanage.

Collect Required documents. Their set depends on the chosen form of placing the child in a family. The list will be given to you by the guardianship department.

Find your child.

Register the child in your name.

Training at a foster parent school

Adopting children - where to start? From receiving information. The procedure for adopting a child from an orphanage and other information related to how to adopt a child from an orphanage can be found in special courses for foster parents.

The benefits of studying at a foster parent school cannot be overestimated. It does not oblige you to anything, and at the same time it reveals legal, general psychological, medical and other issues of adoptive parenthood. Students of the school have the opportunity to consider foster parenting the inside is quite detailed. Understand what criteria and how to choose a child for adoption. Resolve my doubts: what if I take a child into care and fail?

The training is worth taking for anyone who is at least theoretically thinking about the topic of adopting a child. After training, you will either be confirmed in your desire to take a child, or you will understand that you shouldn’t do this yet - and that’s good! It is much worse when people understand this after they have already taken the child and return him to the orphanage. In this case, everyone experiences colossal trauma - both the failed parents and, most of all, the child. Before the introduction of foster care schools, the return rate for children was 50%. Now this figure is much lower. Training will help you figure out how firm and conscious your decision is to take your child from the orphanage.

Adoption of a child from an orphanage and other forms of family arrangement

The choice of the form of family placement for a child depends on your desires, capabilities and status of the child.

Adoption of orphans: the child acquires all the rights of his own child - surname, heredity, etc. Adoption of a child is possible only if the child is an orphan, that is, has such an official status (when there are no parents or they are deprived of parental rights). Blood relatives after the adoption of a child do not have the right to communicate with him. Taking a child from an orphanage on this basis means being ready to fully accept him into the family - as if he were your own.

Guardianship and trusteeship: The guardian becomes the legal representative of the child. He can receive a monthly child support allowance, which depends on the region and the child’s health condition. In addition to orphans, children whose parents are not deprived of parental rights, but cannot fulfill their parental responsibilities can also be taken into custody: in cases of serious illness and other reasons. The child is placed under guardianship for his maintenance, upbringing and education, and protection of his rights and interests. More information about how to become a guardian for a child from an orphanage can be found in the foster parent courses.

Guardianship is established for children under 14 years of age. Guardianship – from 14 to 18 years.

When registering guardianship, the child retains his last name, first name, patronymic, and the blood parents are not released from the obligation to participate in his maintenance. Guardianship authorities control the conditions of detention, upbringing and education of the child.

Adoptive family: in fact, this is registration for work as a “foster parent”. Adoptive parents are required to certain rights and responsibilities that are controlled by the guardianship authorities. In this case, the child must have orphan status.

Guest family or mentoring: the child spends part of his time in the family. For example, weekends. Often used as a transitional form when future parents want to get to know their child better. This form helps the child to go beyond the boundaries created by the educational institution system, to experience how a family lives: to gain skills in housekeeping and communication with adults and other children in the family circle. Mentors help children with treatment, provision and choice of clothing, career guidance, and advice on what to do in certain situations.

Patronage: is established over children without a specific status or if the child’s status does not allow him to be transferred for guardianship or adoption. Often used as a transitional form to guardianship and/or adoption of a child after the child receives the appropriate status. When a child is placed in foster care, he formally remains a child at the orphanage, but at the same time has the opportunity to be raised in a family. His new parents are trained by the foster care service and monitor the process of family placement and foster care.

Orphanage family type: usually created in the organizational and legal form of an educational institution. It differs in that it has more children than in foster families and the availability of benefits.

Differences in forms of family arrangement for children

Adoption of children, guardianship and guardianship, foster family - all these forms of family placement of children put forward certain requirements for adoptive parents.

Adoption of orphans or a form of foster family is possible only if the children's parents are deprived of parental rights. Patronage and guest family allow you to take children with any status.

Foster family and foster care imply restrictions on the rights of educators in relation to children. Foster care limits these rights a little more than a foster family, but the contract in the case of foster care is more flexible and educators can take on exactly the responsibility for the child that a particular person can bear.

The set of documents also differs. It is most extensive and complex in the case of adoption of children in Russia. The simplest one is for a guest family.

It is best to choose the form of family arrangement that suits you after studying at a school for foster parents.

Part two. Adoption of children - the psychological side of foster parenting

In resolving psychological issues regarding the adoption and upbringing of a child, a systematic approach is the best. System-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan explains that a person’s mental properties are given from birth and are not hereditary. That is, psychologically the child may be completely different from his parents. From this point of view, natural parents do not have any special advantages in relation to adoptive parents, in the sense that the psyche is not inherited. System-vector psychology distinguishes eight vectors of the psyche. In humans, they can be combined in any variation - from one to eight vectors at once. The vector set determines the innate desires and properties of the human psyche. That is, certain character traits are given to us from birth.

Systematic approach to the practice of adoptive parenting

When you think about the possibility of adopting a child, questions arise that are not related to the legal side of the matter, but which should be clarified no less carefully. System-vector psychology allows Understand the most frightening adoption stereotypes:

1. Bad genes. This stereotype is stronger than it seems. Adults become less tolerant of a child’s behavior when “bad” actions are explained by heredity. And they are less ready to establish an emotional connection with the child, because “heredity cannot be changed.” There is even an expression: “I would like to help an orphan, but I’m afraid to let a cuckoo bird into the house.” That is, many adoptive parents are afraid: what if they take a child in for upbringing - and he goes after his “unlucky” blood parents?

   Bad genes are a baseless myth. Many are afraid that the child will steal or lie. It doesn't depend on genes. System-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan explains that for proper development, a child must have, which he receives from his mother. Often children in orphanages do not have it. Therefore, their psychological development may be stunted.

   P.S. How to choose a child for adoption

   When you collect all the necessary documents, the guardianship authority will issue a certificate stating that you can be a foster parent. By this point, you will already roughly understand what age, gender, and health status of the child you can accept into the family. With this certificate you go to any guardianship department in Russia. You can do several at once. You are writing a statement. You are shown a data bank with profiles of children in a given area.

   I do not recommend searching for children through a federal database with free access via the Internet, since its data is not always up-to-date, and the information is often outdated. This way you choose one or more children you want to meet. You receive permission to visit specific child in an orphanage or a baby home and go get acquainted.

   The procedure for adopting a child from an orphanage involves certain rules when meeting. You can only talk to one child at a time. It is impossible to see all the children at once. This is done so that not all children Once again were desperately hopeful. Because every child wants to see their dad or mom in every adult. If you have chosen someone, you can immediately register the child into your family or visit him for a while Orphanage to get to know each other better.

   The article was written based on training materials “ System-vector psychology»

Adoption procedure

An adopted child can be placed in a family only by court decision. The adoption procedure is quite complex and lengthy, involves obtaining a lot of paperwork and requires a lot of time and perseverance from potential parents. If the child reaches 10 years of age, a necessary condition is his consent.

Requirements for parents

There are a number of strict restrictions for potential adoptive parents, including health and age. Also, when considering the issue of adoption, the court takes into account financial situation parents, availability of sufficient living space. For foreign citizens, the adoption procedure is the only opportunity to accept a child from Russia into a family.

Rights and responsibilities of parents

From a legal point of view, a child after adoption is equated to a blood child, and the parents bear full responsibility for him. They have the opportunity to give the child their last name, change the first name, patronymic, and in some cases, the date of birth. The interests of the child and his new family are intended to be protected by the secrecy of adoption; the law establishes punishment for its disclosure against the will of the adoptive parents. Guardianship authorities are required to monitor the family annually for at least three years after adoption.

Cash benefits for parents and benefits for children

The state does not provide additional assistance to the family, with the exception of providing the mother with postnatal leave and payments in connection with the birth of a child if an infant under three months is adopted. Cash benefit on adopted child equal to the statutory child benefit. After adoption, the child receives all the rights of a relative, including property, but at the same time is deprived of the benefits that he had as an orphan (for example, the right to receive housing from the state after reaching 18 years of age, benefits upon admission to educational establishments etc.).

An adopted child has equal rights with natural children; it is possible to remove him from the family only if the parents are deprived of parental rights.

How to register an adoption?

You want to adopt a child, but you don’t know where to go or where to start this procedure. First you need to contact the guardianship and trusteeship authority located at your place of residence.

You need to come to the guardianship authority with a passport or other document proving your identity and confirming your place of residence in this locality. If you are married, please bring your marriage certificate with you. An OOP specialist will talk with you, tell you about the adoption procedure and its consequences, and name the documents that need to be completed for adoption.

The main documents are the following:

• A medical report on your health status, drawn up on a special form with a list of specialists you should visit.
• Documents confirming family income: either a certificate from the place of work indicating the position and salary (for workers), or certified by in the prescribed manner a copy of the income statement.
• Documents on housing and living conditions: a copy of the financial and personal account and an extract from the house (apartment) register, if the housing is municipal. If the housing is privatized or is privately owned, then documents confirming ownership of the residential premises: purchase and sale agreement, certificate of registration of ownership.
• Certificate from the Internal Affairs Directorate (OVD) confirming no criminal record. You will also be asked to write an application on the prescribed form and a curriculum vitae.

Specialists will study the documents, check your living conditions and issue a conclusion on the possibility of becoming an adoptive parent. This document gives you the right to start searching for the child.

• Guardianship/Trusteeship

Guardianship

Guardianship- a form of placement of minor citizens (under the age of fourteen), in which citizens (guardians) appointed by the guardianship and trusteeship authority are the legal representatives of the wards and perform all legally significant actions on their behalf and in their interests;

Guardianship- a form of placement of minor citizens aged fourteen to eighteen years, in which citizens (trustees) appointed by the guardianship and trusteeship authority are obliged to provide minor wards with assistance in the exercise of their rights and fulfill their duties, protect minor wards from abuse by third parties, and also give consent of adult wards to perform actions in accordance with Article 33 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Allowance for guardians and benefits for children

The duties of guardianship and trusteeship are performed by the guardian (trustee) free of charge. The state pays monthly funds for child support in accordance with the standard established in the region. IN Samara region Currently, the payment is 6,844 rubles for each child.

The guardian receives a monthly allowance for the child established by law, and the guardianship and trusteeship authorities are obliged to regularly monitor the conditions of detention, upbringing and education of the child, to facilitate the organization of his education, recreation and treatment. After reaching the age of 18, the child retains the right to receive housing in the event of his absence. Children under guardianship or trusteeship have the right to:

• upbringing in the family of a guardian or trustee, care by a guardian or trustee, living together with him, except for the cases provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 36 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation;
• providing them with conditions for maintenance, upbringing, education, comprehensive development and respect for their human dignity;
• alimony, pensions, benefits and other social payments due to them;
• maintaining ownership of residential premises or the right to use residential premises, and in the absence of residential premises, have the right to receive residential premises in accordance with housing legislation;
• protection from abuse by a guardian or trustee.

Features of guardianship or trusteeship:

• guardianship or guardianship is established by a legal act of local government bodies (order) until the child reaches adulthood;
• guardianship or guardianship may be established for a certain period;
• are paid for the maintenance of the child under guardianship cash;
• Every year, guardians or trustees must provide a report on the storage, use of the property of the ward and on the management of such property;
• Guardianship and trusteeship authorities exercise regular control (supervision) over the conditions of detention, upbringing and education of the child;
• guardianship and trusteeship authorities provide assistance to the guardian in organizing education, recreation and treatment of the ward;
• parents are not released from child support responsibilities and must pay child support;
• a child placed under guardianship or trusteeship retains the right to alimony, pension, benefits and other social payments due to him;
• a candidate for adoption of a child may appear;
• return of the child to the parents.
• the transfer of a child into guardianship is not a secret protected by law;
• the child’s relatives have the right to communicate with him.

Requirements for appointing a guardian or trustee
1. Guardians and trustees Only adults with active legal capacity may be appointed. Citizens deprived of parental rights, as well as citizens who, at the time of establishment of guardianship or trusteeship, have a criminal record for a deliberate crime against the life or health of citizens cannot be appointed as guardians and trustees.
2. When assigning a guardian (trustee) to a child, the moral and other personal qualities of the guardian (trustee), his ability to perform the duties of a guardian (trustee), the relationship between the guardian (trustee) and the child, the attitude of the guardian (trustee’s) family members towards the child are taken into account, and also the desire of the child himself.
3. Persons with chronic alcoholism or drug addiction, persons suspended from performing the duties of guardians (trustees), persons limited in parental rights, former adoptive parents, if the adoption was canceled due to their fault, as well as persons who due to health reasons, they cannot fulfill the responsibilities of raising a child.

List of diseases in the presence of which a person cannot adopt a child, take him into guardianship (trusteeship) or take him into a foster family
(approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 01.05.1996 N 542)

• Tuberculosis (active and chronic) of all forms of localization in patients of groups I, II, V of dispensary registration
• Diseases of internal organs, nervous system, musculoskeletal system in the stage of decompensation
• Malignant oncological diseases of all localizations
• Drug addiction, substance abuse, alcoholism
• Infectious diseases before deregistration
• Mental illnesses in which patients are recognized in accordance with the established procedure as incompetent or partially capable
• All diseases and injuries leading to disability of groups I and II, excluding the ability to work

In what cases can a child be appointed a guardian or trustee?
The child may be appointed guardian in case of:

• death of parents (declaration of parents as dead, which is carried out by the court according to legal consequences, is equivalent to death);
• deprivation of their parental rights;
• restrictions on their parental rights;
• recognition of parents as incompetent;
• illness of parents;
• long-term absence of parents;
• evasion of parents from raising children or from protecting their rights and interests;
• refusal of parents to take their children from educational, medical institutions, institutions social protection population and other similar institutions;
• stay of parents (parent) in places of deprivation of liberty.
• birth of a child to persons under 16 years of age (Article 62 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation)
• for other reasons for recognizing a child as left without parental care in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation

Departments dealing with issues related to guardianship or trusteeship:

on the territory of Avtozavodsky district Ordzhonikidze Boulevard, 16, tel. 54-44-29;
- department for implementation of guardianship and trusteeship on the territory of the Central and Komsomolsky districts Department for Family, Guardianship and Trusteeship of the Togliatti City Hall, located at: Lenin Blvd., 15, tel. 54-38-57;
- department for identification and placement of minors of the department for family, guardianship and trusteeship of the mayor's office of the city of Tolyatti, located at: st. Mira, 43, tel. 54-30-28.

Grounds for termination of guardianship and trusteeship

The grounds for termination of guardianship and trusteeship are provided for in Art. 39 and 40 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. All reasons can be divided into three groups:
1. "Automatic" termination:

• When a minor turns 14 years old, guardianship ends; when a minor reaches 18 years old, guardianship ends;
• the entry into marriage of a minor terminates guardianship;
• emancipation of a minor terminates guardianship;
• reaching the age of majority or acquiring full civil capacity by a minor parent terminates guardianship over his child;

2. Release of a guardian or trustee from duties:

• exemption from duties if there are good reasons;
• return of the minor to his parents;
• adoption of a minor;
• placement of the ward in an appropriate educational institution, social welfare institution or other similar institution (not a mandatory basis for all cases).

3. Removal of a guardian or trustee.

• execution of powers by a guardian (trustee) for personal gain;
• leaving the ward without supervision and necessary assistance;
• other improper performance by the guardian or trustee of his duties.

Adoptive family

Adoptive family- form of family placement of children; combines features child care facility, guardianship and adoption; A foster family can be a solution to the problem of parents' employment. This is a form of raising a child (children) at home with a foster parent. This form of family arrangement has been legalized since 1996 by the Family Code of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for creating a foster family

A foster family is formed on the basis of an agreement on the transfer of a child for upbringing, which is concluded by the guardianship and trusteeship authority with the foster parents.

The transfer of a child to a family takes place taking into account his opinion and with the consent of the administration of the child care institution in which he is located. The transfer of a child who has reached the age of 10 is carried out with his consent. In practice, difficulties often arise when registering a child with a family living in another region or city. The fact is that payments for child support are made from the budget of the district where he was registered.
Bodies considering placement of children in foster families:
- Department for organizing activities for guardianship, trusteeship and adoption Tolyatti, st. Golosova, 99, office. 8, tel. 54-37-69.
- Department for identification and placement of minors Department for Family, Guardianship and Trusteeship of the Tolyatti City District Mayor's Office at the address: Togliatti, Lenin Blvd., 15, tel. 54-33-14, 54-44-69.

Child's status and age

There are no restrictions on placing a child in a family. It is possible to place a child with poor health, developmental disabilities, or a disabled person in a foster family. Children with siblings are usually placed in the same family.

Requirements for adoptive parents

Adoptive parents may be adults of both sexes, with the exception of persons recognized by the court as incompetent or partially capable; deprived of parental rights or limited by the court in parental rights; removed from the duties of a guardian (trustee) for improper performance of the duties assigned to him by law; former adoptive parents, if the adoption was canceled by the court due to their fault; with illnesses that make it impossible to foster a child.

Rights and responsibilities of adoptive parents

These are the legal representatives of the child who are obliged to raise him, take care of his health, development, create conditions for him to receive education, prepare him for independent life. Such a family can have up to eight children, including biological ones. A child in a foster family has the right to maintain contact with biological parents and relatives.

Cash payments to adoptive parents and benefits for the child

Adults receive wages. For the maintenance of each child, they are paid funds for food, clothing, shoes and other needs. A child placed in a foster family retains the right to alimony, pension (in case of loss of a breadwinner, disability) and other payments and benefits in accordance with the law, including housing upon reaching the age of 18.
The state pays monthly funds for child support in accordance with the standard established in the region. In the Samara region the payment currently amounts to 6,844 rubles for each child.
The foster family has a priority right to receive vouchers for children (including free ones) to sanatoriums, health camps, and holiday homes.

Further placement of the child

A child placed in a foster family, if he has the appropriate status and if a candidate appears who wants to adopt him, can be transferred to the adoptive parent by court decision.

How to create a foster family?

The list of documents and the procedure for finding a child are the same as for adoption and guardianship. If you want to take one or more children (but no more than eight) into foster care, you need to contact the guardianship and trusteeship authority at your place of residence with an application in which you ask for an opinion on the possibility of being foster parents.

Having examined the submitted documents, based on an inspection report of your family’s living conditions, the guardianship and trusteeship authority, within 20 days from the date of filing the application, prepares a conclusion on the possibility of becoming a foster parent. This is the basis for selecting a child for the purpose of placing him in a foster family.

After you have decided that the child will live with you, write a statement asking for his transfer to a family, attaching a conclusion about the possibility of being a foster parent. After this, an agreement is concluded on the transfer of the child to a foster family between the guardianship and trusteeship authority at the place of residence (location) of the child and the adoptive parents.

The contract also provides for the payment of foster parents. But the amount of payment is determined by the regional law on the remuneration of foster parents. Children are paid funds for their maintenance.

Wards and adopted children, unlike adopted children, enjoy benefits provided by both federal and regional laws. These could be benefits for education, medical care, purchasing vouchers, obtaining housing if the child does not have one.

• atronate/ Mentoring

Patronage

Patronage- family form of placement, which provides for the temporary transfer of a child to a specially prepared family; the main purpose of this form is the socialization of the child, gaining experience of life in a family; foster care can be a solution to the problem of parents' employment.

Procedure for placing a child in a family

It is established on the basis of an agreement between foster carers, guardianship and trusteeship authorities and a children's institution (or authorized service) on the division of powers and responsibility for the child.

Child's status and age

A child is placed under foster care, regardless of his age, status and condition, who temporarily requires a substitute family or special conditions his support and support.

Requirements for foster carers

Foster care is professional work, therefore, the requirements for a teacher are similar to the requirements for an orphanage teacher. A foster carer - actually an employee of an orphanage institution - must undergo special training and also be ready to cooperate with specialists, discuss emerging problems, and, if necessary, change their lifestyle in the interests of the child.

Rights and responsibilities of foster carers

Patronage can be short-term (from one day to six months) and long-term (from six months or more). The foster carer is obliged to implement a plan developed by specialists to protect the rights of the child. At the same time, specialists from an orphanage or an authorized service provide psychological, pedagogical, medical and social support for the child and family. The child maintains contact with blood parents and relatives.

Cash payments to foster carers and benefits for the child

Adults receive a salary, their length of service is counted, and they are granted leave in accordance with labor legislation. They are also paid child support, targeted funds for repairs, purchase of furniture, etc. Children retain all benefits due to their status.

Further placement of the child

He may be removed from the foster care family by decision of the parties. If it is not possible to place a child for adoption, short-term foster care usually turns into long-term foster care. Often he remains in the same family, that is, patronage is used as a transitional form to guardianship or adoption after the child receives the appropriate status. When transferring for adoption, the priority right is given to the foster carer in whose family he is being raised.

Mentoring

Mentoring– it is also called a weekend family, a vacation family: the child is taken into the family for a while, and then returned to the orphanage; The main purpose of this form is the socialization of the child, gaining experience of life in a family

Family placement procedure

It is established by concluding an agreement between the family and the child care institution on the division of powers and responsibility for the child. When placing a child in a family, the wishes of the child must be taken into account.

Child's status and age

This form, according to experts, can only be useful for older children who are able to consciously perceive the situation - it provides invaluable experience of living in a family, communication and support from friendly adults. But for a child under 11-12 years old who dreams of a family, a father and a mother, returning to an orphanage can be a serious trauma.

Requirements for mentors

The requirements for them are less stringent than for foster carers. However, they must undergo special training and also be ready to cooperate with specialists and discuss emerging problems.

Rights and responsibilities of mentors

While the child is with them, adults are required to implement a plan developed by specialists to protect the child’s rights.

Further placement of the child

Mentoring a child can be a stepping stone to another form of placement, such as long-term foster care or adoption, if the child’s status allows it. Even if this does not happen, staying in the family, as a rule, has a positive effect on the child, because for him it is an opportunity to spend some time outside the walls of the child care facility, expand his social circle, and make friends.

The question of how to adopt a child from a maternity hospital is most relevant for those families whose lives have developed in such a way that they cannot have their own children. Therefore, most of all they want to take babies who have just been born.

Parents wait for months, or even years, to adopt a newborn, as the waiting list is huge and does not come quickly.

In order to adopt a child, you need to collect certain documents and contact the guardianship authorities. If a couple is considered suitable to be the adoptive parents of a baby, they will receive consent. The family will have a small addition that they have been waiting for so long.

Unfortunately, quite often young mothers abandon their newborn babies in maternity hospitals.

The reasons for such actions may be different:

In the future, new families or, in the worst case, orphanages await such refuseniks.

Candidates for adoptive parents must be firmly convinced that they need a child from the maternity hospital whom they can make happy.

In this case, you need to go to the guardianship authorities to obtain permission to adopt a newborn baby.

In Russia, not only citizens of the country, but also foreigners have the right to adoption.

From a legal point of view, the adoption process is quite lengthy and complex. Not every married couple can obtain permission from the relevant authorities.

You should start with an application to the guardianship authorities. In it you need to indicate your own data, as well as describe what kind of child you would like to take into your family.

From the first second of the adoption of a baby, the same legal relations are established between him and his parents as in families with natural children.

In most cases, there is always a queue for refuseniks. Therefore, having decided to take such a responsible step, you should prepare yourself mentally and documented.

To do this, you need to know how to adopt a child from a maternity hospital. The procedure for adoptive parents is as follows:

Directed to potential parents special commission to check living conditions. Its participants must ensure that there is a decent level of housing and conditions for raising a child.

Within two weeks after reviewing the documents, a final response will be received. Immediately after the signal about the presence of a refusenik in the maternity hospital, you can proceed to the process of registering the procedure with the court authorities.

To do this, you need to submit an application to the court at the location of the maternity hospital. The same certificates will do. But if more than three months have passed, they will have to be collected again.

Adoptive parents are exempt from paying the state fee, so they do not have to present a receipt.

An official document from the guardianship and trusteeship authorities will be required, indicating their consent and approval.

In accordance with the law, the duration of the trial is approximately 2 months. But when it comes to infants, the court makes a decision quite quickly.

To speed up this process as much as possible, you need to ask the court to apply the decision for immediate execution. Otherwise, you will have to wait 10 days for the court decision to take effect.

If the court decision is positive, the child can be taken away immediately. At the same time, the maternity hospital must issue a postpartum sick leave from the date the decision enters into legal force when the baby reaches 70 days of age.

Then you need to contact the registry office to obtain documents for the baby.

The process of adoption of children who are citizens of the Russian Federation is described above. Children who have citizenship of another state are also subject to adoption.

But this will require the consent of their legal representative and the government agency of that state endowed with the necessary competencies.

Adopt healthy child leaving the maternity hospital is very difficult. Unable to give birth, many want to adopt a newborn. This is explained by a number of psychological factors. Therefore, refuseniks are in great demand.

In order to be able to formalize the adoption, it is necessary, before the turn comes, to find out what documents are needed for the procedure and collect them. Namely:

For those who are not married but wish to adopt a child, the requirements are the same as for married couples. The only difference is that instead of a marriage certificate, the court must submit a copy of the birth certificate.

A medical certificate requires special attention, as it consists of a whole range of examinations. It is necessary to exclude not only AIDS, HIV and syphilis, but also any form of tuberculosis and cancer.

Only those people who have positive characteristics, stable work and salary, suitable living space for raising a child.

A special commission in the guardianship and trusteeship authorities will review the package of documents and make a conclusion, which will be transmitted to potential adoptive parents in writing.

Before adopting a child from a maternity hospital, citizens should familiarize themselves with the requirements for candidates.

To obtain permission to adopt, a married couple must:

The requirements for adoptive parents of infants are no different from the requirements for adoptive parents of older children.

Video: Conditions for adopting a child in Russia

So that the child considers himself family and family relationships develop the best way, you should not traumatize your baby with information about his appearance.

The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation contains Article 155, according to which the secrecy of adoption must be maintained.

This complex and lengthy legal procedure involves a wide range of people. These are personnel of the guardianship and trusteeship authorities, maternity hospital workers, and court workers.

To prevent the possibility of disclosure and human factor, the law, which is also in force in 2019, allows you to change certain data:

• Child's full name;
• date of birth;
• Place of Birth.

It is important to consider that if a couple improvised a pregnancy to keep the adoption secret, the date of birth can be changed by three months in either direction. This is allowed during adoption.

In order to maintain secrecy, the trial is held behind closed doors; in addition to the adoptive parents, the guardianship authorities and the prosecutor are present.. After the court makes a positive decision on adoption, the parents will receive an extract.

Together with her and her passports, you need to go to the registry office, where they will issue a birth certificate for the baby.

If you wish, you can contact the guardianship authorities, and they will help you agree so that the child and mother are discharged from the maternity hospital on a certain day and a photo is taken for history.

After this, you can go home to raise your baby.

Naturally, the secrecy of adoption only makes sense when the baby is adopted from a maternity hospital or orphanage. For an older child who already remembers a lot, this makes no sense.

Although adoption is a difficult process, with good preparation and the right approach, you can deal with it quite quickly and without unnecessary problems.

After all, adopting a newborn is the dream of many couples who, for medical reasons, cannot have children.

No matter what, people want to experience the joy of being parents own experience. But such married couples should stock up on great patience.

You shouldn’t hope that by collecting required package documents and having received consent to adoption from the guardianship and trusteeship authorities, the baby can be adopted immediately.

Often the waiting period lasts many months. Since there are many people who want to take a baby who is not yet a week old.

Photo: Press services of the Mayor and the Moscow Government. Denis Grishkin

By November 2016, more than 90 percent of the capital's orphans and children left without parental care had already been placed in new families. the site tells you what benefits new fathers and mothers can count on, how adoption differs from guardianship, and how to take a child into the family.

The number of Muscovites who are not indifferent to the fate of children from orphanages is increasing every year. The number of foster families in just nine months of 2016 increased by 4.3 percent - from 2537 to 2646 families, and new house 240 children were found in foster families.

Over the past six years, the number of orphans and children left without parental care who have found a new family has increased by 48 percent.

Family Education Centers

By the end of 2015, all boarding schools, orphanages and children's homes, as well as boarding schools for mentally retarded children in Moscow were transformed into centers for promoting family education. Here residents can communicate with children, learn how to obtain guardianship or foster care, become foster parents or adopt children.

In Moscow there are 31 state centers and 7 more private institutions for orphans and children left without parental care. At the same time, the number of children being raised in them has decreased by 20 percent since the beginning of 2016 - from 2,473 to 1,980 people. These are mainly guys over 10 years old and with disabilities health, including those suffering from Down syndrome. In general, over the past six years, the number of students in boarding schools has more than halved.

More than 18.7 thousand children are being raised in foster families. The most common form of family arrangement is gratuitous guardianship, followed by adoption and foster family.

Guardianship and trusteeship

Now in the city there are 7.6 thousand guardianship families, in which almost 8.6 thousand children are being raised.

Guardians and trustees are adult, capable citizens, most often relatives of the children. In this case, the moral qualities of the person and the desire of the child himself are taken into account.

Guardians are appointed for minor citizens under 14 years of age. They become legal representatives and can act on their behalf, undertake to raise children, educate them, care for and protect their interests. When the child turns 14, the guardian becomes a custodian. Guardianship ends when the student turns 18 or gets married.

Guardians (trustees) are paid money to support the child, and support is provided in organizing his education, recreation and treatment.

While living with guardians, the child can, if desired, see blood relatives. But it will not be possible to change the surname or date of birth of children during guardianship.

Adoption

Since the beginning of the year, 187 children have been adopted in Moscow. In total, there are now more than 5.1 thousand families in the city, where 5.7 thousand adopted children are being raised.

Upon adoption, persons who accept a child into their family acquire all parental rights and responsibilities. The adoptive parents give the child their last name and raise them as their own.

The age difference between the future parents and the child must be more than 16 years. Only capable citizens who have no criminal convictions for serious offenses can become adoptive parents, provided that they have housing and the necessary income. Children will not be sent to families where parents use alcohol or drugs, are carriers of infections, or suffer mental illness or have previously been deprived of parental rights or have been removed from acting as a guardian.

Adoptive families

Over the nine months of 2016, 109 foster families appeared in the capital, into which 240 children were taken. In total, there are 2.6 thousand foster families in the city. They educate 4412 children.

Such a family is created under an agreement concluded with the guardianship and trusteeship authorities. Adoptive parents become the child's official guardians and legal representatives. But unlike ordinary guardians, they receive compensation for their services.

Both married couples and single citizens can become parents. The main thing is not to have serious illnesses or criminal records, not to use drugs or alcohol, and also to be able to provide the child with everything necessary for life and study.

Learn to be a parent

Spouses who want to adopt or take custody of children can get expert advice from foster parents schools. Here they will tell you what documents need to be prepared, what benefits you can count on, how to help your child adapt to a new family and avoid conflict situations, as well as how it is necessary to educate children with disabilities.

Today there are 57 schools for foster parents in the city. In just nine months of this year, 2,637 people were trained there. Another 54 organizations provide support for foster families. Accompanying agreements were concluded with 1,149 families raising 1,754 children.

Social payments to families with orphans and children without parental care

When a child is transferred to be raised by a family, the capital’s social protection authorities pay a one-time benefit provided for by Federal Law No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995 “On state benefits for citizens with children.”

The benefit is paid in all forms of family placement of children left without parental care (adoption, establishment of guardianship (trusteeship), placement in a foster family). The benefit amount is:

- for persons who have adopted a disabled child, a child over seven years of age, as well as children who are brothers and (or) sisters - 118,529 rubles 25 kopecks;

- for persons who have adopted an orphan child, a child left without parental care, into a foster family or under guardianship (trusteeship), as well as for persons who have adopted an orphan child, a child left without parental care, who is not disabled, a child under seven years old or a child not adopted at the same time as a brother (sister) - 15,512 rubles 65 kopecks.

Last year, benefits were paid to 2,304 children placed in family care, including parents of 106 children who received maximum size benefits. Since the beginning of this year, parents of 1,855 children have received it. Families of 100 children - 118.5 thousand rubles each.

In addition, families receive a monthly payment from the capital’s budget. From January 1 of this year, the amount of monthly benefits for orphans and children without parental care who are in the families of guardians, trustees, foster parents, foster carers, as well as monthly compensation payments to persons who adopted in the city of Moscow after January 1, 2009 for an orphan child or a child left without parental care, increased by 10 percent and ranges from 16.5 thousand to 27.5 thousand rubles per month, depending on the age, number of children and their state of health.

From January 1, the amount of monthly remuneration paid to foster parents (foster carers) has also been increased.

Foster parents and foster carers receive a monthly remuneration of 16.7 thousand rubles for each adopted child, and the payment for a disabled child has been increased to 28,390 rubles. At the same time, in families with one or two children, only one of the parents receives payments, and when raising more than three children, both spouses receive a monthly payment for each child.

A one-time compensation payment for reimbursement of expenses in connection with the adoption of a child in Moscow depends on the order of adoption of children and amounts to 76.9 thousand rubles, 107.7 thousand rubles or 153.8 thousand rubles.

In addition, the city reimburses families for housing and telephone bills and provides free travel on public transport. Children are provided with vacation vouchers annually, and once every two years they can vacation with their foster parents. Also, since 2014, foster families have been compensated for part of the cost - up to 45 thousand rubles - of independently purchased vouchers.

After reaching the age of majority, orphans or children without parental care who do not have residential premises assigned to them are provided with housing that meets established social norms.

New family - new home

Since 2014, a project has been launched in the capital to provide financial support to families who have adopted older orphans and (or) disabled children.

Families who have taken in at least five orphans, three of whom are over 10 years old and (or) are disabled, receive housing for comfortable stay big family. The area of ​​a house or apartment is calculated according to the norm from 10 to 18 square meters for each family member (parents, their natural minor children and adopted children).

If the spouses have been married for at least three years and successfully undergo psychological diagnostics, then an agreement is concluded with them for the free use of residential premises for 10 years. After this period, the family has the right to receive an apartment under a social tenancy agreement.

The project involved 34 foster families, into which 203 children were placed. Of these, 63 children are disabled, 93 children are over 10 years old.

A truly family award

For significant contributions to the development of family structure, residents and organizations are awarded the “Wings of the Stork” award. The laureates receive a memorable sign - a figurine depicting a flying stork and a child.

The winners of the “Wings of the Stork” award in one of the most significant nominations “Adoptive parents, guardians (trustees), foster or foster families for special personal contribution to the development of the family structure of orphans and children without parental care in the city of Moscow” became Natalia’s family and Valery Zhuravlyov. They are raising three natural and 15 adopted children, six of whom have Down syndrome. At the same time, the couple assisted in the transfer of another 38 children with this diagnosis to other families.

And the prize among public organizations received the St. Sophia Orphanage, which became one of the first non-state orphanages in Russia for disabled people with severe multiple developmental disorders. Now there are 22 children. Employees are looking for families for them. And those who remain in this institution will be cared for even after they reach adulthood.

Here children have opportunities not only for learning, but also for social adaptation— Volunteers help them with this.

This year there is a new nomination - “Person”. The award in this category is awarded for a special personal contribution to the development of a family structure. It was received by Galina Semya, Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Psychological Anthropology at Moscow State Pedagogical University.

Adoption issues are the most painful and responsible, because, taking on all the hardships of raising a child, people do not fully realize that this legal procedure will change their lives forever. In our country there is not such a widespread desire to become foster parents, as, for example, in the USA, and hundreds of thousands of children continue to be in government institutions– orphanages, orphanages, boarding schools.

Dear readers! Our articles talk about standard methods solutions to legal issues, but each case is unique.

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As for adopting a baby from home, the process has the same sequence and principles as when adopting from a maternity hospital. But The orphanage houses children of all ages, facial features have already formed, the color of the eyes and hair has established and appeared. It is understandable that future parents want to choose the child they like, the desired gender and age.

After approval of the candidates, the PLO will be given special permission to visit the orphanage, where you can preview the database, and then get to know a person who needs a family.

If it suddenly turns out that you cannot select a child according to the image formed in your thoughts, you can contact nearby baby houses located in neighboring cities, villages where you can apply with a conclusion about the possibility of becoming adoptive parents.

Having studied the information about the children, their data in the card index in the database, you should look again and again, get to know each other until your heart skips a beat.

Then the court located at the location of the children's institution, at the request of the adoptive parents, with the participation of representatives of the public educational organization, having examined all the documents, will most likely make a positive decision within the period established by law, after which, with a copy of the court decision, it will be possible to take the chosen lucky one home .

If you are going to get married, then the article about changing your last name after marriage will be useful to you.

To ensure that the child considers himself a relative and family relationships are not complicated by the fact that the adopted child finds out about his appearance in the family, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation contains Article 155, according to which the secrecy of adoption must be respected.

The circle of people aware of this scrupulous legal procedure cannot be called narrow: these are employees of the PLO, orphanages, and courts. To eliminate the human factor and the danger of disclosure, The law allows you to change not only the child’s full name, but also the date of birth, and even the place of birth. The difference in time between the actual and fictitious dates of birth should not exceed three months.

Of course, the secret of adoption makes sense when taking a baby in a maternity hospital or in a baby home, and if they took a child from an orphanage who already remembers a lot and realizes that these are not the people who gave birth to him, then there is no point in creating an aura of mystery around the fact of adoption.

Benefits for adopted children

Adopted children are equal to their relatives, therefore the laws of the Russian Federation provide for payments for adoptive parents in the same amounts and terms as for parents in ordinary families– sick leave if the child is taken from the maternity hospital, benefits until the child reaches the age of 1.5 years, etc.

Adoptive parents can receive a one-time benefit, if they submit an application within 6 months from the date of the trial (from the actual date of adoption), but not a day later. In 2015, this benefit, paid one-time, is 14,497 rubles.