How to cut a round pipe at 45 degrees. Cutting pipes at an angle

In various situations, home craftsmen often come to the question of correct marking for precise cutting pipe blanks at an angle of 45 degrees. Today there is a huge selection of tools for both domestic and industrial cutting of pipes at any angle. The cost of such devices can be quite high.

How to cut a pipe at an angle

It is proposed to consider methods for marking workpieces for cutting at an angle of 45 degrees in living conditions without the use of expensive professional equipment.

Marking and cutting the pipe

The process of marking the workpiece to be cut seems quite simple. But it should be noted that roundings made during the manual marking process will create an irreparable error after cutting, which will lead to inconsistencies and the formation of defective products. In order to eliminate such defects, it is necessary to make a simple tool for clearly marking the profile parts. At the same time, cutting products at an angle of 450 is much easier.
A regular piece of U-shaped steel profile, made at an angle of 45 degrees, will become a reliable tool for accurately cutting pipes. In this case, the size of the profile for the ruler must be selected so that it becomes possible to easily position the profile pipe to be cut in it.

To perform such a marking correct angle tool, you must also have the following additional tool:

1. Goniometer;
2. Metal scriber;
3. Bulgarian;
4. Cutting disc;
5. File.

Making a measuring tool for cutting pipes is easy. To do this, it is necessary to cut a piece 20-30 cm long from a profile blank. Using a protractor, mark an angle of 45 degrees at any end of the segment. Next, use a grinder to cut off the profile. The resulting template must be tested for accuracy. In case of deviations, process the measuring device with a file.

Using such a marking tool made with my own hands, the process is much simplified, especially with a large volume. To mark, you only need to place the cut one in the made device. profile pipe draw the correct angle using a scriber. During the marking process, the length of the products is controlled. Next, you need to cut the pipe clearly along the marking lines using a grinder. It is worth noting that first the pipe is cut along diagonal marks on both sides, then straight marked lines are cut. Such templates for cutting pipes at an angle of 45 degrees will save enough time and money.

Marking and cutting round pipes

When cutting round pipes at a 45 degree angle, a tool made for rectangular pipes is not quite suitable. For a more accurate, streamlined drawing of the cutting line at an angle, it is recommended to use a paper pattern that is wound on the workpiece.

Patterns are developed in modern world using computer programs.

The cutting line changes depending on the angle and diameter of the pipe specified in the program. Common patterns can be found on the Internet or you can remember our painted rulers from school.

Quite often, when performing various construction or repair work, it becomes necessary to cut a pipe. It can be plumbing work, laying pipelines or installing heating systems, but in any case it is necessary to know how to cut the pipe evenly. Some features of performing this task will be discussed further.

One particular example of such a situation is the need to cut a metal pipe at an angle of 45 degrees. Such cutting of material is often required when laying water pipes or heating systems. In this case you have to deal with steel pipes. For these purposes, conventional cylindrical pipes are usually used. If we are talking about the installation of some kind of metal structures, then profile pipes of rectangular or square cross-section are more often used. The main problem here is that in order for the elements to be connected to coincide, the cut must be as smooth as possible, which means that especially close attention should be paid to marking the material.

In cases where cutting at an angle is required, a simple square sheet of paper can be used as a marking template. It must be folded strictly diagonally, and then wrapped around the pipe with the template. In this case, it is necessary to carefully ensure that the side of the sheet, which is located closer to the end of the pipe, is perpendicular to its central axis. Next, using marking material, a series of dotted lines is applied and after the marking is completed along the entire circumference, the template can be removed.

If you have to cut a profile pipe, then it is advisable to make a special template from the same pipe, but with a larger cross-section. In this case, you will only have to use the measuring devices once. To apply markings you will need to use a protractor or a construction square. After sawing off the template, the pipes to be cut can simply be inserted into it and marked. This approach will significantly save work time and cutting a profile pipe at 45 degrees will be convenient.

As for what to use when carrying out work, you should choose the most suitable and familiar one. It can be either a simple one or an angle grinder with a cutting disc installed.

90 degree cutting

When the need arises to cut at 90 degrees, the situation is even simpler. In the case of cylindrical elements, you can use the same sheet of paper that is used to wrap the pipe as a template. It is important to ensure that the edge of the sheet is smooth and matches the entire circumference. After marking is applied, the element to be cut is fixed and the cut is made.

The video shows the process of cutting a pipe at 90 degrees.

How to cut a profile pipe evenly

You can cut a profile pipe in much the same way, but here it will be easier to use a square. The device is applied to each side in turn, for which the element to be cut will need to be rotated, and markings are applied. Next, the pipe must be secured firmly and work can begin.

Any material can be used for sawing suitable tool. If you have to cut a lot of pipes, then it is advisable to make full-fledged templates from scraps. In this case, measuring and marking work will have to be done only once.

Large diameter pipe cutting

When it is necessary to cut a large diameter pipe, a number of special devices and tools can be used. This may be necessary if, for example, a pipeline needs to be repaired.

• Bulgarian. The use of an angle grinder is justified from the point of view of the availability of tools and the comparative cheapness of the work. However, you should not count on greater productivity in this case; in addition, carrying out work in this way is associated with considerable risk.
• Roller machine. Such devices are also often called pipe cutters. In essence, such a device is the same grinder, but more suitable for this type of work. The machine includes a special frame where the element to be cut is fixed, as well as a holder with installed cutting rollers, which do the actual work. It is important to understand that each machine must be purchased under specific tasks, that is, according to the size of the pipes.
• Gas cutting. This option is most often used when working with large diameters. Cutting is carried out due to the action of a high-intensity flame, and the waste produced is blown away by gas pressure. The method can be considered the most practical and effective.

There are other options for carrying out the task, such as the use of plasma, waterjet or laser cutting, but in private use they are practically not used.

How to cut a cast iron pipe

If the pipe is made of cast iron, then in order to cut it smoothly you will have to apply certain knowledge. The fact is that this material is characterized by high fragility, which means that before cutting such a pipe, you need to determine an algorithm of actions.

• We mark in the same way as steel pipes.
• In the place where the cut is to be made, you need to place wooden beam as a support.
• Next you need to make a cut of a few millimeters around the entire circumference.
• After this, a chisel is inserted into the groove and a sharp and strong blow must be applied with a hammer.

As a result, it will split along the line, forming a fairly even cut area, which can be further processed if necessary.

How to cut lengthwise

Another frequently asked question is how to evenly cut a pipe lengthwise with a grinder. Here the algorithm of actions will be approximately the same as for transverse cutting. It is important to pay attention to marking. You can, for example, use painting thread, which is usually used when marking walls. In this case, it is necessary to firmly fix the pipe. The sawing process itself must be done carefully and slowly, since when sawing long elements there is a high probability of the cutting disc slipping from the marking line.

How to cut thin-walled pipes

Another type of pipe is thin-walled products. They are usually made from non-ferrous metals such as aluminum or copper. Cutting thin-walled pipes is more difficult, since the probability of element deformation is high. In this case, you can use some kind of filler, such as sifted sand. As a tool, you can use a grinder, a hacksaw or a special machine. It all depends on the specific situation.

Cutting metal pipes is a rather labor-intensive, but completely do-it-yourself process. At the same time, working with round pipes is not fundamentally different from cutting a profile pipe. The main thing to remember is that when performing work you must follow safety rules.

How to cut a pipe at 45 degrees exactly at home

When carrying out work on the installation of gas or water mains, it is often necessary to change of direction strips, while the pipeline is cut and then welded at the required angle. In most cases the direction changes by 90 degrees, in this case the question arises - how cut off the pipe at 45 degrees to accurately connect the joints when welding.

You can cope with the problem of cutting edge angles of 45 or 90 degrees if you have the proper knowledge and techniques that help save not only time, but also materials during the work. At other rotation angles, solving the problem using a ruler and a sheet of paper is unrealistic - you will have to call computer technology for help.

Fig. 1 How to cut a pipe at an angle of 45 degrees

45 degree cutting

Usually, if you set a goal to rotate the pipe by 45 degrees, you use fittings, bends with a rotation angle of 45 degrees, made of the same material as the pipes themselves; if the pipes are iron, then the turns are welded from steel. For HDPE pipes there are electric-welded or cast bends at 45 degrees (practically, compression fittings with such an angle of rotation it is almost impossible to find here).

If necessary cut off the pipe round section made of steel or various types of plastics, then for this purpose a pattern for cutting pipes at an angle, the shape of which is calculated manually or by machine, is useful. The task is greatly simplified if you need to cut a square iron profile at an angle of 40 5 degrees.

To quickly trim, use a regular sheet of paper folded at an angle to mark the surface for the upcoming cut. Using folded paper, proceed as follows:

• carry out a strictly perpendicular line on the straight surface of the profile in the place where the cut is made;
• apply a sheet of paper folded at an angle to the side surface with the sharp end against the strip in such a way that the upper edge of the cardboard triangle is flush with the upper side of the iron profile.

Rice. 4 Homemade template for cutting pipes at 45 degrees

• draw a line with a pencil along the side of the sheet at an angle of 45 degrees, then apply the cardboard corner to the other side and trace it with a pencil (it is better to use a narrow marker).

For sawing, use a grinder with a metal disc, first drawing a narrow line along the marking, and after completion, evenly deepening it to complete separation edges

When working with an angle grinder, you need to take into account the following factor - when completely cutting off the edges, the disk may be damaged by a sharp corner, which will lead to its wear, and in the absence of protection on the angle grinder, even to injury to the worker. Because corner edges It’s better not to cut it all the way, but to leave a narrow groove and then break it off, then sanding the protrusion.

Making a template for cutting metal profiles

If you need to cut out a mass of pipes, make a template from a metal profile of a larger diameter on a cardboard sheet using the above method. The angle of inclination is checked with a protractor or a construction square - and then the two edges of the docked parts of the template are connected.

While working, on the part to be cut, where the template fits comfortably and is pressed tightly, the markings are applied with a sharply sharpened scriber while tracing the template outline. The part is cut in several passes with a gradual deepening of the groove.

Rice. 3 Cutting a metal profile using a miter box

Miter box for pipe cutting in artisanal conditions

The implementation of the template is not very comfortable - you have to cut along the strip while holding the grinder suspended, which leads to huge errors. If you have a welding machine, they will make an ordinary miter box - guides for the grinder disk, preventing it from moving to the side.

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For this purpose, use a previously made template, drill a hole in the side of which and weld a nut. During operation, a homemade miter box is placed on the profile, a bolt is screwed into its nut and the device is pressed against the profile surface. A grinder with a metal disc is used to make a cut, slightly pressing the disc against the side surface of the device. It is clear that during long-term use, the edges in the miter box are evenly ground down, although the process occurs on all edges at once; over time, some errors will appear. Therefore, it is better to make the device from hard, wear-resistant metal in order to increase its service life and obtain a clearer tool.

Fig.4 Example of making a cut at an angle of 90 degrees

90 degree cutting

To cut a round pipeline or metal profile of rectangular cross-section evenly across, use a sheet of ordinary paper. They wrap the workpiece in such a way that the edges of the cardboard sheet coincide, then it is fixed to the part using tape or glue. Using a grinder, draw a narrow line next to the edge of the cardboard sheet, after which it is evenly deepened until it is completely cut out.

Metal profile or round pipe There is an option to cut using a template, putting on an evenly docked element with a huge internal diameter.

Collar insert

To obtain branches of iron pipeline lines such as tees, a collar insert is used, which requires cutting the edge of a round pipe adjacent to the walls of another at a right angle. To implement the method do this:

45 degree bend, how to cut

How to mark and cut a suitable sector on the pipe so that it comes out corner 45 degrees. Welding equipment.

How to cut a pipe at an angle of 45, also called 90 degrees

If necessary cut the pipe at 90 degrees, on the other two at 45 degrees. Here's my method. Link to the program Development.

• cut the edges of the workpiece at right angles using the previously described method.
• On the round end surface, four equidistant points are marked with a marker, located at angles of 90 and 180 degrees to each other.
• A measurement of the size of the circle is created, the acquired diameter is divided by 3. The acquired distance is plotted from two diametrically located points, after which these points are connected to the two principles with a smooth arc, drawing a line with a marker.

Fig.5 Example of a collar section of a pipe

• According to the markings, a cut is made with a grinder and semicircular segments are separated, then the part is ready for welding. In case of minor errors in mating, it can be compacted with a sledgehammer by placing it against the round surface of another element.

Techniques pipe cutting round angle

Round pipes of various diameters are cut at an angle at change of direction pipeline, it should be taken into account that a straight cut at the required angle, as opposed to a rectangular section, will not lead to a tight connection of the edges. Therefore, special patterns are used, in which the marked edge has a curved shape, which makes it possible to obtain a higher joint density.

Paper pattern for pipe

One of the most common methods for making a pattern for pipes with a round surface is a method that requires a lined sheet of paper, a ruler and a pencil. To obtain a cardboard pattern, proceed using the following method:

1. Draw a circle with the diameter of the pipe being cut on a cardboard sheet, divide the circle into 16 equal parts, each time dividing the huge segments into two similar ones.

Rice. 6 How to cut a pipe at 45 degrees - paper pattern

1. The length of the circle is determined by multiplying its diameter by the number Pi equal to 3.14. The size is laid off along both sides from the axis of the circle in equal segments, any of which is divided into 8 equal-sized parts.
2. Draw vertical stripes upward from segments on a straight line and horizontal stripes from points placed on the circle.
3. The places where they cross are connected by a smooth line and ultimately a template is printed on paper, which is cut out and glued to the surface to be trimmed. For trimming, it is better to use a grinder with a disk of small diameter - the surface will be curved and using a huge disk will increase the error.

Tools used

There are several methods how cut a pipe, for this purpose you use construction and industrial tools for metal processing. Of all the types, only the grinder allows you to obtain curved surfaces without further processing with closer edges.

For personal use

For cutting iron pipes in household The following tool is used:

Manual pipe cutters. Allows you to trim round parts to obtain an even right angle cutting by the cutting edges of the rollers. There are several varieties of products of this type, consisting of single rollers, as they are also called, in a row, attached to a chain. In everyday life, such devices are found quite rarely and are more suitable for professional work.

Bulgarian. It is a universal tool for cutting all iron parts with different angles; to perform the work, special metal discs are used, which are quickly ground down during use. Therefore, there is an option to accurately cut a curved line with a disk of small diameter.

Rice. 7 Personal tool for pipe cutting

Gas-burner. A fast and effective way of cutting metal with a hot stream of flame, there are such disadvantages as melted edges, which complicate the upcoming welding. Gas burner is difficult cut the product is made according to a cardboard template, which will burn; if a line is drawn, then in the stream of flame it will actually not be visible.

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Electronic pipe cutters. When working with pipelines of small diameters, small-sized electronic pipe cutters are used, following an operating principle reminiscent of a grinder. The device is called a roller machine; during operation, the part is mounted on a frame and rotated on roller guides; its surface is cut from above by an electronic device. The main difference between a pipe cutter is iron disk, which has a special long-term spraying for cutting metal.

For industrial use

In the industry, pipelines of enormous diameter are used to transport liquids and gases, which is why pipe cutting units are heavy and dimensions. Meet there and manual pipe cutters rotary and clamp principle of operation. At the beginning, the cutting rollers rotate along a round surface using an adjustable handle; in the 2nd option, cutting is carried out by arcuate plates, which move evenly during rotation.

Rice. 8 Industrial pipe cutting equipment

How cut off the pipe at 45 degrees of huge diameter

It is better to trim a large-sized product at home when using a large grinder differently gas burner- walls with huge diameters are usually thick. It is better to do cutting in sectors, leaving narrow transitions that are removed at the bottom.

How to cut a cast iron pipe

The main difference between cast iron and ordinary steel is its extreme fragility and large wall thickness; its precise cutting must be done in this order:

• Drawing according to the template corner marking with a scriber, for

supports are placed under the part wooden shield or board.

• Use a grinder to make a shallow cut on the surface around the entire perimeter.
• Then the groove is deepened over several passes until the two parts are completely separated.

When in a household it is necessary to perform cutting to connect the pipeline under different angles differently along the axis. The main equipment for performing this work is a universal grinder and metal discs.

Rice. 9 Pipeline slitting

Making a longitudinal cut

To perfectly make an even longitudinal cut, use a lightweight device in the form of an iron corner. It is firmly fixed on a level surface wooden surface screws and press the pipe against it with a heavy weight. Using an angle grinder, make a longitudinal cut in the pipe top, slightly resting the disc on the surface of the angle.

There is an option to attach the corner to the pipe with clamps and make a slot along the upper wall of the corner using the same method.

Oblique cut

At change of direction pipeline to corner, greater than 90 degrees, manual template production methods become very complex. The use of a special program for calculating and creating patterns on a computer for all angles will come to the rescue. The method is not bad because it has highest accuracy creating cardboard templates and can be easily implemented if you have a printer.

To obtain a cardboard pattern, the necessary data on the bend angles and pipe diameter are entered into the program, then a template is obtained, which is printed on a printer in its true size. All that remains is to cut it out, glue it onto the element to be trimmed and mark its outline.

The upcoming cutting is done using a grinder using the standard method. The fundamental advantage of machine templates is the ability to cut them in large quantities with similar accuracy.

Rice. 10 Example of a calculation program

For high-quality connections of cylindrical parts of pipelines, their precise cutting at angles of 45 and 90 degrees is required. To perform these works, special patterns are used, the shape of the curves of which is calculated manually or constructed by a computer. They are cut out on paper and glued to the pipe surface, then the element is cut along the cardboard contour with a grinder with a small disk. In this way, it is possible to obtain a high-precision corner connection with very close edges.

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Precise pipe cutting looks simple at first glance. This task is quite problematic, especially if you need to make a cut at a certain angle or a cut of a complex configuration. You can do this either with your own hands or with the help of a specialized tool.

Much here depends on the diameter of the product, the wall thickness, the material from which the pipe is made and, of course, the tool itself.

What tools are there?

Pipe cutting tools, like most existing tools, come in manual and electric versions. Both of these niches, in turn, contain specialized professional and applied amateur tools ().

For example, the question of how to cut a metal-plastic pipe can be solved in two ways.

On the one hand, there is a professional pruner, but on the other hand, you can use a regular hacksaw.

• If we talk about pipes from various types plastic, then for material with a cross-section of up to 75 mm, a lot of special scissors are produced; professionals call them pruning cutters. Since plastic material is quite dense, all pruners are equipped with a gear mechanism that serves to increase the compression force. The price for such scissors starts from $10 and, depending on the quality, can reach up to $150.
• The next professional in cutting plastic is the disc pipe cutter. If the pruning shear works on the principle of ordinary scissors, then the cut is made using a sharp, heavy-duty disc. He presses himself against the wall and, rolling around it, makes an incision.

A pipe cutter is indispensable for thin-walled products, since cutting a metal-plastic pipe with a thin wall with pruning shears is difficult because it wrinkles.

• The question of how to evenly cut a large-diameter pipe is easily solved by professionals; for this purpose, there is a guillotine adapted for cutting round products. Its operating principle is classic, with a knife on top and a semicircular bed on the bottom.

The device can be electrically driven and cut using hydraulics. There is also a guillotine with a manual, screw drive.

• In addition, there are a lot of specialized machines. Thus, lathes are used for perpendicular cuts. If the question arises of how to cut a pipe at 45 degrees or at any other angle, then, as a rule, band saws are needed.

Important: the main difference between a professional tool and an amateur one is that the cut is performed with extreme precision. Plus, the edge does not require additional processing after finishing the work.

• But the necessary device is not always at hand, and buying it separately is expensive and does not always make sense. The leader among amateur tools is considered to be an ordinary hacksaw. It can easily cope with both metal and plastic, the main thing is to mark it correctly, but more on that later.
• Every good owner always has an angle grinder. With its help, having a certain skill, you can quite accurately unravel pipes of small and medium diameter. The big advantage of the grinder is that it can be used to work on any material, from polyethylene to cast iron or steel.
• At the end of our rating is a jigsaw. It is undoubtedly possible to work with it, but it is difficult to make precise cuts, plus the edges of the pipe will need to be further refined.

Using a tool such as a pruning shear or a disc pipe cutter does not require special training; it is easy to work with them efficiently. It's a completely different matter when you have to use improvised means.

Making a perpendicular cut

There are several opinions on the topic of how to cut a pipe at 90 degrees. As in any business, a lot depends on the correctness of the markings. The most reliable the folk way is to use a sheet of paper or masking tape.

It is easier to work with tape; you need to carefully, without creases or distortions, stick it around the perimeter of the pipe. If both sides of the strip meet clearly, without shifts, then you already have 90º.

The product must be securely fastened before cutting, otherwise the pipe will rotate and you will not be able to unravel it smoothly. Ideally, of course, it is better to clamp it in a vice, but at the dacha you don’t always have such luxury. A small diameter pipe can be tied to a stool or table.

To a large-diameter product, you need to attach 2 wooden support bars in parallel, which will prevent the pipe from rotating. It is most convenient to fasten with tape; a few turns made on both sides of the cut will securely fix the product.

Advice: before cutting the pipe evenly with a grinder, in some cases it is better to fasten it only on one side, leaving the other hanging. You need to cut from top to bottom to avoid pinching the disc.

Returning to how to cut a large-diameter pipe, it should be noted that with a hacksaw or grinder, such a product should be cut into sectors, gradually.

In the case of a cast iron pipe, the instructions are slightly different:

• It is necessary to make a shallow cut around the perimeter;
• After this, use a chisel and hammer to “tap” this cut;
• At a certain point, the pipe should burst according to the markings.

Oblique cut

In this topic, the most pressing question is how to cut the pipe at 45 degrees. Among the folk methods, there is a unique way of marking: you need to take a square sheet of paper and carefully fold it in half diagonally, after which it is wrapped around the pipe with the folded side. The ends of the sheet should be connected, and the oblique border of the sheet will be the 45 degree mark.

But the most famous, simple and convenient device for corner cutting is a miter box. This tool is a U-shaped product consisting of strips. The two opposing planks have precise cuts at the desired angle. The pipe is placed inside the miter box, secured and cut with a hacksaw according to the ready-made markings.

You can find some more tips in the video in this article.

Conclusion

As you can see, without having a professional tool, it is possible to cut pipes of different diameters, and quite efficiently. The main thing is not to forget to process the edge of the pipe after cutting; many inaccuracies can be eliminated with a file or sandpaper ().

When constructing or laying a pipeline, you often have to deal with cutting profile pipes. And the difficulty is to make the cut perfectly smooth without burrs. We'll look at a few basic cutting methods and tools. metal parts perpendicular and at an angle.

Basic cutting methods

Cutting method metal products with a square cross-section largely depends on the type of fixture chosen. Therefore, we list the types of tools with which the work can be done:

• Hacksaw machine;
• Bulgarian with a frame;
• Gas flame and laser installation;

The first two types of tools involve mechanical cutting of products, while gas-flame and laser installations involve thermal cutting. Let's look at each device for cutting metal products in more detail.

Hacksaw machine

This tool consists of a handle, a mobile frame, a cutter and an adjustment screw. Before cutting, the product is secured using a vice and then cut. A mechanical machine for cutting profile pipes is quite convenient to use, but has several disadvantages:

• The cutter may become very hot during operation;
• Mechanical cutting takes a lot of time;
• The edge of the cut pipe will have burrs that will have to be sanded down.

Abrasive disc machine

In fact, this is the same grinder, which is simply fixed in a special frame for convenience. This tool is quite dangerous, but allows cutting at an angle of 90 or 45 degrees. Before using such a device, you need to take into account several nuances, otherwise you may get injured during operation:

1. The machine must be well fixed on a horizontal surface;
2. Cutting a profile pipe should only be done with glasses or a special mask;
3. The movement of the tool itself must coincide with the rotation of the metal disk;
4. Before work, the metal pipe must be securely secured in a vice.

Working with an angle grinder is quite difficult even for an experienced craftsman, so do not take up the tool if you are hearing about it for the first time. The cutting of metal parts is demonstrated in more detail in the video.

Laser equipment

Laser cutting of a profile pipe will be one of the highest quality and less labor-intensive compared to mechanical processing options. This is professional equipment that gives an absolutely even cut, which no mechanical tool is capable of. Thanks to laser equipment, you can easily make cuts at an angle of 45 degrees, which is very difficult to achieve when using a cutter or grinder.

Pipe profile cutting to size:

• The maximum thickness of the metal layer is 6.5 mm;
• Maximum part radius – 80 mm;
• The maximum length of the material is 3-3.5 m.

The photo shows a laser machine that automatically cuts metal parts.

Features of cutting at an angle of 45 degrees

Cutting a profile pipe at an angle of 45 degrees poses some difficulties. After all, with manual marking, large errors can be made, which is why during the assembly process the elements may not fit together. To cope with the problem, it is best to make a small template from a part with the same cross-section.

Creating a template:

1. Using a protractor, measure a 45-degree angle on a small piece of pipe;
2. Using a machine with a grinder, make a cut and sand the edges of the workpiece;
3. Now paste the profile with smaller diameter into a ready-made template;
4. Make markings using a homemade protractor.

Cutting a profile pipe at an angle can be carried out with tools for both thermal and mechanical processing of parts.

Conclusion

Fireless cutting of metal parts involves the use of tools that often do not give a very clean cut. After work, the edge of the part must be sanded to remove all burrs. Equipment for thermal cutting does not have this drawback, but it is used mainly in manufacturing enterprises.

In everyday life, we are constantly faced with the need to lay pipelines from various materials, be it water supply, sewerage, heating, installation of cable ducts or even construction frame structures in the house or at the dacha. This article will tell you how to cut a pipe evenly for certain purposes, if you do all the work yourself, that is, provides detailed instructions all technological operations. In addition, let's talk about the variety of tools for amateur or industrial use.

What tools are used to cut pipes?

At first glance it may seem that cutting pipes is quite simple process, not worth special mention. However, this is not quite true. It’s one thing when you don’t need precise, even cuts at an angle of 90º or any other, since no further welding or joining of the ends will be performed. And it’s a completely different matter when you need to make an absolutely precise cut. Note that if it is necessary to cut oblique ends with exact angle, it is worth consulting with experienced professionals.

Separately, it is worth mentioning pipes with a large diameter, when joining which a cut of exactly 90º must be ensured. Be that as it may, all these operations are performed using special equipment.

Tools for home and semi-professional use

To install water supply or sewerage systems, heating and ventilation circuits in home construction or when providing construction services, tools from this category are often used.

Among the most common devices are:

1. Cutters with pruner design. This tool is used for cutting polymer pipes whose cross-section does not exceed 75 mm. The gear mechanism of the device allows you to apply the force necessary for work. The design of such a cutter includes a special shelf on which the pipe is laid, which ensures an even cut at exactly 90º. Prices for such tools can be very different, it all depends on their quality, dimensions, capabilities, manufacturer and other factors.
2. Disc type pipe cutter. In such a device, the pipe is cut by a special disk made of durable material and has sharpened edges. Using a lever, the cutting disc is pressed against the surface of the pipe and guided along its cross section.

The optimal solution for such a tool would be for cutting PVC pipes used in the assembly of indoor and outdoor sewage systems. In the same time, metal-plastic pipes This type of pipe cutter cannot be processed, since the material is deformed under the load.

1. Guillotine knife. The principle of its operation is probably familiar to every educated person. At the top of the structure there is a blade that goes down along special grooves and makes an even, clear cut. For convenience, you can get a device with an electric drive. This device makes cutting easy and convenient. large quantity pipes At the same time, in places of sale you can also find tools with a screw mechanism.
2. Hacksaw for metal. This seemingly simple tool can be successfully used to cut pipes from any material. The main thing is not to overdo it during the work so that the saw blade does not break from excessive effort.

Since cutting off the pipe evenly with a hacksaw will not work, burrs will still appear, the ends will have to be cleaned using a file or shaver. Otherwise, when joining pipes, the seams may not be tightly sealed.

1. Angle grinder, or, in other words, grinder. The process of how to evenly cut a pipe with a grinder is not particularly difficult. To work, discs of the required diameter are installed on it and cutting is performed. Moreover, processing can be carried out on pipes with various sections and any materials, be it polymers or metal.
2. Electric jigsaw. Although this tool is also widely used in construction, it is not very suitable for cutting pipes, since it is quite difficult to cut the pipe straight.

Therefore, there are many convenient tools, which are easy to operate, so there is no need to look for difficult ways when everything can be done quickly and simply.

Besides hand tools for work in households and small construction, there is also professional equipment that is used in industry and for laying large main water supply lines.

Industrial equipment

IN professional construction and when working with large engineering objects, the question of how to evenly cut a large diameter pipe is solved by using special equipment. Quite often these are stationary units with a certain set of qualities.

Among the most interesting and functional devices are the following:

1. Lathe of various modifications. Using such a machine, you can evenly cut a profile pipe for both ordinary water supply and especially durable products through which liquids with an aggressive environment will pass.

The maximum cross-section of the pipe to be machined will vary depending on the distance between the support heads and the diameter of the holes in the spindle. These units can be called universal, because they can carry out cutting, chamfering, and also carry out a number of other actions, often in automatic mode.

1. Cutting machines belt type . Such units are used for cutting pipes of water supply or sewer lines, previously laid in trenches or installed in a building.

cutting draw machine can process pipes even those subjected to quite severe deformation. Additionally, such a cutter can chamfer the required shape.

1. Cutting machines with circular knives. Equipment of this type is capable of cutting pipes from any metals, including non-ferrous ones. In addition, they have no restrictions on the shape of the product - they can be either round or profiled, with a fairly large cross-section.

As a rule, such units are installed on conveyor belts and are additionally equipped with a machine, which, after cutting, collects and packages a given number of pipe sections, which will then be sent to customers.

1. Disc cutters manual type . They are used mainly in cases where cutting a large number of pipes is required directly at the places where they are laid. These machines have a special clamp that tightly grips the pipe during cutting, preventing it from shifting and deforming. Thanks to this quality, such equipment can be successfully applied to metal-plastic, copper or steel pipes.

A number of disc-type cutting machines have a built-in orbital welding and rotation system, which allow cutting and subsequent joining of parts with one mechanism. Such a device can be very useful if it is necessary to perform a very large amount of work on cutting, welding or joining pipes without having stationary equipment.

However, such a multifunctional device is not necessary if you have a small amount of work to do that does not require complex mathematical calculations and compliance with standards.

Often, you can cut pipes evenly using simple improvised tools that every owner has.

Pipe cutting technique

Let us immediately note those cases when work must be done to install a heating system.

In this situation, you will need to purchase a special pruner - it will allow you to cut the pipes evenly without deforming them, and its cost is low. But more simple work can be done with simple improvised means.

Straight cut

An even cut at an angle of 90º can be made only after marking has been applied. Use a piece of paper or masking tape. The latter is preferable, because it is attached directly to the surface and does not move.

The sequence of actions looks like this:

1. Using a tape measure, measure a piece of the required length, mark this place with a line with a marker.
2. Next, stick tape along the resulting mark around the circumference of the pipe. The smoother you apply the adhesive tape, the better - it is optimal that the wide edges meet as accurately as possible. This will allow you to accurately cut the pipe according to the mark.
3. The next step is to secure the pipe in a vice or press it to a flat plane so that it does not move during operation and an even seam is obtained. Note that one end of the pipe must be left in a free position so that during the cutting process the disk is not pinched by the walls. Cutting starts from top to bottom.
4. The last thing you need to watch out for is how to cut the pipe smoothly with a grinder. To do this, you need to guide the disc as accurately as possible along the edge of the adhesive tape.

In cases where tubular products with large sections are being cut, the work must be done in small sectors. To do this, the pipe will have to be constantly rotated around its axis upon completion of the next cut.

When working with cast iron pipes, the procedure will be slightly different. First, a continuous cut is made along the entire diameter of the product, then, using a chisel and a hammer, the resulting groove is gradually tapped, as a result of which the pipe should split strictly along the cut line.

Miter cutting

IN in this case We will tell you how to cut a pipe at an angle of 45º. Marking will be needed in this case too.

To apply it you will need a square sheet of paper that needs to be folded diagonally. The resulting triangle is wrapped around the pipe and fixed. This will create an angle of 45º.

You can, of course, try to lower the pipes at the desired slope into the water, then the boundary of the wet surface will serve as a marking. However, it is best to use a special device for corner cutting - a miter box.

The shape of the miter box looks like an inverted letter “P”. Ready-made holes with different angles have already been made in its opposite walls. It is enough just to place the pipe inside the device and cut it by running a hacksaw along the selected grooves.

Results

Thus, it is quite simple to make an even cut of a pipe from any material yourself. There are only a few tricks in this matter that will allow you to quickly and efficiently carry out all the work and build yourself the necessary object for your household or dacha. We also note that it is better to check the measurements several times before starting cutting, because you can accidentally make a mistake and ruin the material, incurring additional financial losses.

Marking is the transfer to the pipe from the working drawing of the dimensions necessary for the manufacture of a part or pipeline element. Marking is an important and responsible operation that requires careful execution. The pipe marker must be able to read drawings and have a spatial understanding of the product shown in the drawing; know geometric constructions and draw developments, know the necessary allowances for further processing of pipes and parts and take them into account when establishing marking dimensions; use materials sparingly, making maximum use of scraps of pipes and other materials.

Marking operations are performed by geometrically constructing marking lines and signs, for which portable measuring tools and templates are used. For marking you need: a steel tape measure, a ruler, a square, a compass, a bore gauge, a caliper, a surface planer, a protractor, a level, a scriber, a center punch, a hammer, as well as templates.

Template is a life-size part made with great precision (or its development), using which parts of the same type are marked. Templates are made from cardboard, roofing felt, and tin.

Pipe marking areas are painted chalk paint with an admixture of liquid glass or wood glue. For 1 liter of water take 120 G chalk and 7 G wood glue. Marks are drawn on the painted surface with a scriber, after which they are marked to protect them from abrasion. To avoid significant errors when drawing lines on the product, it is prohibited to use chalk.

Dividing a circle into equal parts (especially 5, 7, 11, 13, etc.) when marking with a compass using the selection method presents some difficulties. To simplify this operation, you should use the table. 7, which shows the coefficients TO, allowing you to quickly calculate the step size (chord) P with a known diameter of the circle according to the formula:

n = d× K

For example, a circle with a diameter of 300 mm need to be divided into 11 equal parts. According to the table 7 find the coefficient TO, equal to 0.282; therefore, step = 300x0.282 = 84.6 mm. By setting this size on the compass and plotting it along the drawn circle, we obtain its division into 11 parts.

For marking pipes with conditional passage from 100 to 500 mm For sectors for welded bends, a hinged device is used (Fig. 34). It consists of a prism 1 , which is installed on the pipe, a hinged lever 4, mounted on a protractor 2. At the end of the lever there is a pencil 3 or scribe. The protractor can be rotated 90° in both directions. This device can also be used to mark the ends of an equal bore fitting.

Rice. 34. Hinged device for marking pipes:

1 - prism, 2 - protractor, 3- pencil, 4 - articulated arm

Rice. 35. Universal compass for marking holes on pipes:

1 - scribe, 2 - mounting foot, 3 - movable leg, 4 - pipe

To mark holes for fittings on pipes, use a universal compass (Fig. 35); it allows you to mark holes at any angle of the cut-in fitting. The compass is fixed on the pipe and the holes are marked by turning the scribe rod set to the required radius. When marking inserts located at an angle to the pipe axis, the stand is installed on desired angle. Using this compass, templates are marked, outlining the contours of the hole on paper, cardboard, tin, screwed onto a pipe of the required diameter.

Templates are often used to mark cutting lines for the ends of tap-in fittings, sectors and half-sectors of welded bends. Dimensions for making templates must be indicated in working drawings or standards; in case of their absence, the dimensions are found graphically.

Let's look at two examples of graphical construction of a sweep.

Example 1. Graphic construction development. Lines for bevel cutting of pipes at an angle for making templates for the welded elbow sector (Fig. 36).

Rice. 36. Construction of a development of a welded bend:

A - auxiliary drawing for constructing a template, b - template (half) for the end sector, V- diagram of pipe cutting into sectors

The cut and folded template is put on a straight pipe (Fig. 36, c) and markings are made.

Example 2. Graphical construction of a cut line scan at the intersection of two pipes different diameters at a right angle (Fig. 37), i.e. marking the installation of the fitting.

Before making the fitting, a template is made from a sheet of cardboard or roofing felt. To do this, draw life-size projections of the triplet with chalk. With a radius equal to half the outer diameter of the fitting, draw an auxiliary semicircle, which is divided into P/2 equal parts. From points 1 ", 2", 3" etc. draw straight lines parallel to the axis of the fitting (Fig. 37, A). At the intersection of these lines with a circle big pipes diameter D get points 1 ", 2", 3" etc., through which construction lines are drawn parallel to the axis of the large pipe until they intersect with the corresponding perpendicular lines on the first projection. The desired values ​​of the scan heights will be equal to the length of the corresponding segments 1 -1 0 , 2 -2 0 , 3 -3 0 etc. To construct a fitting line on a sheet of cardboard, tin or roofing felt, draw a straight line with a length equal to the circumference of the pipe with a diameter D, and divide by P equal parts (Fig. 37, b). At the points of division of a line 1, 2, 3 (see Fig. 37, A) perpendiculars are restored, on which the corresponding heights are laid. The resulting points are connected using a pattern with a smooth curve. Then they cut out the template, put it on the pipe and mark it for subsequent cutting.

Rice. 37. Constructing a development of a cut-in fitting:
A- auxiliary drawing, b - template for the fitting

An auxiliary drawing is made on a marking plate or on a full-size sheet of cardboard, according to which all the dimensions forming the sector are determined (Fig. 36, A). To do this, from a randomly selected point ABOUT, how to draw a semicircle from the center with a compass, the radius of which is equal to half the outer diameter of the pipe R=D N/2 -. The semicircle of the pipe is divided into P/2 equal parts. From points 1, 2, 3 etc., draw straight lines parallel to the cylinder axis until they intersect with the bevel cut line at the points 1 ", 2", 3" etc. Next, from point O, draw a straight line perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. The intersection of this line with parallel lines drawn is denoted 1 0 , 2 0 , 3 0 etc. The resulting lengths of the segments 1 0 -1, 2 0 -2, 3 0 -3 etc. correspond to the scan height value.

After constructing the auxiliary drawing, a straight line is drawn on the material used to make the template (Fig. 36, b) equal to the circumference of the pipe (π D N) n break it into P equal parts (points 1 0 , 2 0 , 3 0 etc.). Having restored the perpendiculars at each division point, the corresponding values ​​of the scan height are plotted on them. Received points 1 ", 2", 3" etc. connected using a pattern with a smooth curve, which is a scan curve. The second half of the scan is performed similarly to the first.

The graphical construction of the cut line scan at the intersection of two pipes of the same diameters at right angles is carried out similarly to the previous example. The hole in the pipe is marked according to the finished fitting.

To mark axial lines on the outer surface of the pipe, as well as lines or points located at any angle to the plane of the perpendicular section of the pipe, use the device shown in Fig. 38. The device consists of a body with a support prism 1, dividing disk 2, level 3 and center punch 4. The disk can be rotated 90° in both directions from the vertical mark printed on the body. When marking the center line, the device is installed on the pipe so that the level is in a horizontal position (the dividing disk is set at mark 0). Moving the pipe fixture and making sure that the level maintains a horizontal position, a center punch is used to mark a number of points on the pipe through which the center line is drawn. When marking a line at an angle, the disk is set at a given angle and the device is moved around the circumference of the product until the level again assumes a horizontal position.