How to cut a profile at 45 degrees. How to cut a pipe at an angle - marking options for round and profile pipes

Cutting a pipe at an angle is a typical task in the manufacture of metal structures. Often there is a need to cut a pipe at an angle. The cut pipes are welded at a given angle to the walls of the structures, and two-link elbows are made from them.

Before cutting, use patterns (templates) placed on the pipe to mark the cutting line. For each diameter and each angle of the selected diameter, a separate unique pattern (template) is required. Proposed Excel spreadsheet allows you to obtain dimensions for constructing patterns for marking pipes of any diameter, cut at any angle. Enter in the yellow table cells outside diameter pipes, cutting angle and you will instantly receive the ordinates and abscissas of these points. Transfer these points to paronite or cardboard and smoothly connect them together. The pattern (template) is ready.

Templates can be printed in full size

When making an elbow, the cutting angle should be equal to half the angle of the elbow.

An example of determining the cutting angle for the manufacture of an elbow with an angle of 135 degrees (90+45). Not to be confused with a sharp 45 degree knee! Formula: 135/2=67.5. We cut the pipe at an angle of 67.5 degrees, we get two pieces of pipe with cutting angles of 67.5 degrees, we connect them along the cut line with reference to a common generatrix, we weld them and we get an elbow (67.5+67.5) of 135 degrees.

While working, I made the following observation. When working with large diameters, the manufactured pattern, when wrapped around the pipe, was clearly shorter, did not cover the entire pipe, and a gap of 20-30 mm remained.

The Gostov diameter of the pipe was indicated correctly, but the pattern was shorter... In my opinion, this error is caused by the fact that it is impossible to press the pattern tightly to the pipe and the outer diameter of the pipe has increased (rust, dirt). I had to use a “belt” to measure the circumference and divide by π (3.1416). Enter the resulting diameter into the table.

(Drawings, descriptions, formulas were taken from the book by I.Kh. Brodyansky “Marking of welded shaped parts of pipelines”, 1963)

In various situations, home craftsmen often come to the question of correct marking for precise cutting of pipe blanks at an angle of 45 degrees. Today there is a huge selection of tools for both domestic and industrial cutting of pipes at any angle. The cost of such devices can be quite high.

How to cut a pipe at an angle

It is proposed to consider methods for marking workpieces for cutting at an angle of 45 degrees in living conditions without the use of expensive professional equipment.

Marking and cutting the pipe

The process of marking the workpiece to be cut seems quite simple. But it should be noted that roundings made during the manual marking process will create an irreparable error after cutting, which will lead to inconsistencies and the formation of defective products. In order to eliminate such defects, it is necessary to make a simple tool for clearly marking the profile parts. At the same time, cutting products at an angle of 450 is much easier.
A regular piece of U-shaped steel profile, made at an angle of 45 degrees, will become a reliable tool for accurately cutting pipes. In this case, the size of the profile for the ruler must be selected so that it becomes possible to easily position the cut material in it. profile pipe.

To perform such a marking correct angle you need to have the following tool additional tool:

1. Goniometer;
2. Metal scriber;
3. Bulgarian;
4. Cutting disc;
5. File.

Making a measuring tool for cutting pipes is easy. To do this, it is necessary to cut a segment 20-30 cm long from a profile blank. Using a protractor, mark an angle of 45 degrees at any end of the segment. Next, use a grinder to cut off the profile. The resulting template must be tested for accuracy. In case of deviations, process the measuring device with a file.

Using such a marking tool made with my own hands, the process is much simplified, especially with a large volume. To mark, you just need to place the profile pipe to be cut in the made device and draw the correct angle using a scriber. During the marking process, the length of the products is controlled. Next, you need to cut the pipe clearly along the marking lines using a grinder. It is worth noting that first the pipe is cut along diagonal marks on both sides, then straight marked lines are cut. Such templates for cutting pipes at an angle of 45 degrees will save enough time and money.

Marking and cutting round pipes

In case of cutting round pipes At a 45 degree angle, a tool made for rectangular pipes is not quite suitable. For a more accurate, streamlined drawing of the cutting line at an angle, it is recommended to use a paper pattern that is wound on the workpiece.

Patterns are developed in modern world by using computer programs.

The cutting line changes depending on the angle and pipe diameter specified in the program. Common patterns can be found on the Internet or you can remember our painted rulers from school.

You will need

• - miter box;
• - hacksaw;
• - wooden blank;
• - protractor;
• - pencil;
• - a clamp or screws and a screwdriver.

Instructions

Prepare a corner template that will help you easily make an accurate cut of a piece of wood at an angle of 45 degrees. This device is a profile in the form of an inverted letter “P”; On its sides there are through slots for a hacksaw. They are usually located at angles of 45, 60 and 90 degrees. More complex miter boxes are additionally equipped with arbitrary fixed slots, or have a rotating design - it allows you to install the saw in the optimal position.

Buy ready-made carpentry tool at a hardware store with a wooden, metal or plastic tray. For a novice master this is best option. If desired, you can make a simple miter box from three planed boards or plywood strips (thickness - about 1.5-2 cm).

Drill several holes in the walls of the future miter box, apply wood glue to the ends and assemble the box (tray) of the miter box. Secure the corner template with screws. The walls of the instrument must lie strictly parallel to one another; the bottom and each side form clear perpendiculars.

Mark a 45 degree angle with a pencil and add additional groove lines if necessary. To avoid mistakes in your calculations, use a protractor.

The most important thing is the slots. It is recommended to perform them with the same hacksaw that will subsequently be used to make cuts in the finished miter box. Start sawing without putting too much pressure on the working tool and hold the blade. First saw through one side, then the opposite.

Start processing lumber. Secure the miter box to a workbench or work table with a clamp (clamps for fixing parts) or screws. Then make a mark for the future cut on the slats (boards, plinths) and place the workpiece in the box. Press it firmly against one of the side walls of the template, aligning the marks with the 45-degree angle slot.

Insert the hacksaw into the grooves of the miter box and cut the workpiece. The saw will be limited to fixed cuts and you will get a clean and precise cut.

When cutting skirting boards, make sure that the corners in the room are really straight. If the walls are very uneven, the angle of the cut on the workpieces should be adjusted. Measure the joints with a goniometer interior walls and divide the result in half (the joint of the skirting boards is “miteral”). To make an accurate cut, it is recommended to make grooves with a given angle in a homemade miter box. Another option is a magazine rotary tool, which allows you to change the angle from 0 to 180 degrees in approximately 15-degree increments.

When installing a pipeline, it is often necessary to cut the pipe at a certain angle. Accuracy plays a big role in this task. There are several simple ways how to cut a pipe at an angle.

An incorrect pipe cut will make it impossible to install the structure of the shape that was originally intended. For example, if you plan to rotate the system by 45 degrees, then it is necessary to cut the pipe at 45 degrees. To complete the task, you will need marking tools and a grinder (it can be replaced with a hacksaw).

Marking a corner with a piece of paper

Marking with a paper sheet is one of the simplest ways to complete the task. A square sheet is required. It folds exactly diagonally. The resulting template for cutting pipes must be wrapped around the product so that the long side runs parallel to its cross-section.

Then an angle of 45 degrees is formed on the smaller side. All that remains is to mark the cut line using a construction pencil or marker on a sheet of paper.

Method of marking using a container of water instead of a pattern

This marking method is suitable for pipes not large diameter, which are planned to be cut at a certain angle close to the edge. First you need to prepare a deep container of water. The planned angle of inclination is marked on it. Now you need to carefully immerse the end of the product in the liquid, tilt it towards the mark, and then pull it out.

As a result of such actions, a clear line of contact with water will appear on it; it needs to be highlighted. The pipe is cut along it at an angle. This method is best suited for jobs that require multiple markings.

Using the computer program

For implementation this method To mark pipes for cutting, you will need a computer with special programs. First, you need to draw up a drawing that shows the transverse dimensions of the product, as well as the planned cut angle. You need to get a virtual template.

Print it on your printer. And here it is worth understanding that the larger the diameter of the pipe, the more sheets will be required to print it. Then you need to carefully cut out the details of the drawing from all the pages and glue them together; it is best to use stationery tape for this. All that remains is to attach the template to the pipe and apply the markings.

This method of solving the problem is highly accurate. All necessary programs can be downloaded online and are free to download and use. There you can also find a template for cutting pipes at an angle. All you have to do is print it and cut it out. To mark, the pattern is simply wrapped around the pipe.

How to cut a profile pipe at an angle

The marking of a profile pipe differs from a round one. Doing it manually can lead to significant errors. The best way to solve the problem is to create a cutting template from the same profile, but with a larger diameter.

You will need a small piece of profile pipe. Using a protractor, mark a 45 degree angle on it. Now, using a grinder, you need to cut off part of the workpiece along the marked line. The edges of the cut need to be sanded and defects eliminated. All that remains is to simply insert the original product into the template for cutting pipes at an angle. Then you need to apply markings along the cut line of the larger profile. And the pipe itself is cut along it.

Now in construction stores you can find special tools for cutting pipes. But it’s easier and cheaper to make a template yourself.

Pipes are the most common type of rolled metal and plastic. They are used to transport a wide variety of gases and liquids. At factories, rolled products are produced in a certain length. To install them in place in a pipeline, heating, water supply or sewerage system, they must be cut to the required length. The pipes are cut straight and beveled. For this purpose, many cutting methods and a variety of equipment are used.

Tools used

A simple operation at first glance, cutting pipes in practice reveals many nuances and pitfalls. If not, just cut the tubes evenly:

• Thin-walled.
• Large diameter.
• With a bevel.

It is very important to choose the cutting method suitable for each specific case and special equipment. It is divided into individual, household and industrial.

For individual use

They are used in households, private construction and small businesses. Deal with small and medium diameters (up to 250 mm) used in systems

• Water supply.
• Heating.
• Sewer.
• Ventilation.

Such tools include:

• Cutters. Used to evenly cut polymer pipes up to 75 mm. To make an even and neat cut they have a gear mechanism. The workpiece is first clamped with a shelf clamp, which securely fixes it and prevents it from leaving the cutting line.
• Disc cutter. Suitable for ventilation and sewer systems polymer pipes diameter up to 200 mm. The blade is not a secateur type, but in the form of a disk rolling along the surface of the workpiece. The cut is made in several turns. Not suitable for rolled metal-plastic, as it can crush the thin metal liner.
• Guillotine. The flat oblique knife moves in the guides and allows you to cut exactly the required length in one pass. It is available both with an electric drive, which provides greater productivity, and with a manual drive.
• Hacksaw for metal. Classical locksmith tool allows you to evenly cut a workpiece clamped in a vice. When using, it is important to drive the saw smoothly, with constant force and without distortion. Burrs formed after using a hacksaw should be cleaned with a file.
• Angle grinder, angle grinder. In everyday life it is called “grinder”. This universal tool can handle any materials and diameters. In order to cut a pipe with a grinder, special abrasive cutting discs are used.
• Electric jigsaw. A very popular tool among home craftsmen, it can also cut pipes, but due to the flexible blade moving to the side, you can only dream of accuracy.
• Reciprocating saw. The instrument has not yet become widespread among Russian craftsmen. The adjustable stop of the saw and its powerful blade allow you to cut off rolled products even while suspended and close to the wall.

To cut from the tool general purpose was smooth, should be used special devices for fixing the workpiece. These can be templates, vices or miter boxes. In addition, it is very important to correctly mark the future cut and, while working, make sure that the cutting line does not go to the side.

For industrial use

Such equipment is used in industries where the volume of work is large or large diameter pipes have to be cut. To cut straight, use:

• Lathe. Suitable for high-precision cutting of workpieces, chamfering, making ledges, diameter transitions and other shaped processing. Allows lathe and cut threads, both internal and external. The length of the part is limited by the overhang of the machine head. Diameter - overhang of the chuck jaws.
• Tape machines. They are used to cut a large diameter pipe without removing it from a trench or collector point. They also work on deformed products.
• Disc cutting machines. Highly automated installation with pendulum saw and a workpiece feeding mechanism. Often included in production line, used for high-performance cutting of rolled products into equal pieces.
• Manual disk installations. Mobile equipment is used to cut rolled products exactly right at the installation site. Equipped with a multifunctional clamp that allows you to securely fix products different diameters and cut them evenly without damaging the edges. The rotating work table allows you to cut smoothly at any angle. The most advanced models are equipped with an orbital welding system. This allows you not only to cut, but also to connect segments.

Cutting technology

As a rule, the volume and complexity of the work to be done home handyman, does not require the use of high-performance and expensive equipment production level. When making a greenhouse frame, you can completely cut the pipes with a grinder or a traditional hand saw.

Each type of cut has its own nuances, and some require special tricks.

Right angle

The accuracy of the cut is largely determined by the quality of the markings. Experienced craftsmen It is advised to mark the cutting lines not with a pencil, but with masking tape, following the following sequence of actions:

• Postpone required size and put a small mark with a marker or pencil.
• Carefully, applying to the mark, cover the part with masking tape in a circle. The edges of the paper should meet without moving. This is a sign that the paper is pasted correctly. If the edges do not meet, the tape needs to be re-glued.
• Securely fix the workpiece to prevent it from moving or distorting during work. For fixation, use a vice or clamps.
• The cut (smaller) piece of the workpiece should be left hanging so that it does not pinch the blade or disk.
• The cut starts from the top.
• The grinder disc (or hacksaw blade) is guided exactly along the edge of the masking tape, without deviating to the side.

This will allow you to cut exactly the required length.

If the diameter is large, then the markings are done in the same way, but cut in parts, in sectors of 30-60°. After cutting the next sector, the fastenings are loosened and the pipe is rotated. Then they fix it again and continue cutting from the place where the previous sector ended. To make it smooth, special attention should be paid to the beginning of the cut, avoiding steps and nicks.

45° oblique cut

It is possible to cut the end of the pipe exactly at 45° without the use of complex devices. All you have to do is use your plumbing skills. You will need to do the following:

• Cut a piece of paper into a square shape.
• Fold diagonally. Learn the right isosceles triangle.
• Wrap the workpiece with a sheet so that the leg of the triangle is perpendicular to the axis, and the hypotenuse forms an upward spiral.
• Secure the sheet with tape.
• Fix the workpiece and cut along the oblique edge of the sheet. It will turn out at 45°.

There is another one folk method. The end of the workpiece is immersed in a container with liquid at the required angle. You need to cut along the border of the wet and dry areas.

If you need to cut not perpendicularly, then it is better to use an old carpenter's tool - a miter box.

This is a U-shaped template, in the side walls of which slots have already been made at specified angles. The pipe is placed against the wall of the miter box farthest from the master and pressed there with a hand or a hand clamp. Canvas hand saw inserted into the appropriate grooves and sawed. If necessary, cut at a different angle, you can make additional cuts in the walls of the miter box.

Techniques for cutting pipes at an angle

Non-perpendicular cutting techniques depend on the material being processed. Some techniques are suitable for plastic or thin copper - materials that are ductile and easy to process. Thick steel will require a more serious approach.

Plastic pipes of small diameters can be cut using specialized scissors.

Steel pipes can be cut with a grinder, but it is better to use a more precise tool - band saw with turntable equipped with clamps. A tabletop disc cutting machine will also work.

When using a general-purpose tool, you will definitely have to use one or another attachment.

Programs for calculating cutting angles

A template for cutting at 45° can be obtained by folding a square piece of paper in half. To form patterns for other bevels, you will need to perform more or less complex trigonometric calculations. For those who safely left sines and cosines in high school and are not going to remember the formulas, there are many programs available on the Internet for calculating patterns for any necessary angle. The program performs calculations for the user-specified diameter and angle of the cut and creates an image of the pattern, which should be printed on your printer.

Important: in the print settings, you should select the “full size” option and disable image scaling.

To cut evenly at 45°, you can make your own paper pattern. To do this you should:

• Measure or calculate the length of the outer circumference.
• From the corner of a sheet of A4 printer paper, draw a line at an angle of 45°. If there is no protractor, such a line can be obtained by folding together the edges of the sheet adjacent to the corner.
• Mark the circumference on it.
• This will be the hypotenuse. Build an isosceles to it right triangle. One side will be the edge of the paper, the second should be lowered perpendicular to the second edge from the set point.
• Cut out the resulting triangle - this will be the pattern for cutting pipes at an angle of 45°.

It should be wrapped around the workpiece, aligning the ends of the hypotenuse. The cut will run along the line of the legs. The line should be marked with a marker or paper tape. Next, along the marked line, you can evenly cut off a piece with the required bevel.

The method is suitable for pipes with a diameter of up to 63 millimeters.

Carpenters have long used simple, but very useful device, to evenly cut off the ends of bars, rectangular, round and shaped, at an angle. A carpenter's miter box is good for sawing off plastic or thin metal pipes.

You can use a ready-made one, or you can make a miter box with your own hands. Its advantage is that it can be made exactly to the size of the pipe. For production you will need:

• Cut a board 40-50 cm long and a width equal to the pipe diameter.
• Cut two boards of the same length, but wider by the thickness of the first board.
• Assemble the boards using self-tapping screws, attaching the side boards to the base so as to form a U-shaped gutter.
• In the center, mark and make vertical cuts in the side boards to the base so that a straight line drawn through them forms angles of 90, 60, 45 and 30° with the longitudinal axis of the structure.
• If necessary, make cuts at other angles.

It is better to make the side walls from stronger wood - this will extend the service life of the equipment.

This not only determines and helps maintain the correct cutting line and cut smoothly. It also serves as a means of fixing the pipe. It is enough to hold the pipe with your hand along with the miter box. For each diameter you will have to make separate equipment.

During operation, the slots in the side walls are also subject to wear. You need to ensure that the hacksaw blade fits into them with minimal play. In case of wear, you can cut new slots parallel to the old ones, stepping back at least 3 centimeters from them, or replace the side walls.

This miter box has the following advantages:

• simplicity of design and manufacture
• cheapness
• the ability to produce equipment for any diameter and required angle

• It is inconvenient to work with large diameters and wall thicknesses
• binding each equipment to its own diameter
• compatible only with hacksaw

Simple cutting equipment

Universal cutting machine with pendulum circular saw Excellent for cutting thick-walled large-diameter pipes, both round and rectangular in cross-section, smoothly at an angle. Such devices work in procurement areas small industries and on construction sites where it is necessary to cut evenly a large number of fittings to size.

The circular saw together with the electric motor is mounted on pendulum arm and can be placed with great accuracy in work area and continue cutting in one plane.

Advanced devices are equipped with an articulated lever that allows you to change the direction of the cut. In models of the lower and middle price segments, the cutting line is oriented using a rotary table equipped with clamps for reliable fixation of the workpiece. In addition, the table can tilt sideways up to 45°. Rotary table and lifting mechanism equipped with protractors that allow you to set the angle with an accuracy of a degree.

To securely fix the pipe at a given angle, use a clamp and two steel angles with a side close to the diameter of the pipe. The short angle is secured to the rotary work table using its standard screw clamps. Fastening and cutting process step by step:

• Install Rotary table to the required cutting angle and secure it.
• Place the pipe between the corners and tighten them with a hand clamp so that the marked cutting line remains free.
• Start the engine.
• After gaining speed, smoothly bring the disk to the surface of the metal and evenly cut off the workpiece. At the beginning and end of the cut, when the cross-section of the metal being cut is maximum, you should not apply much force to the pendulum handle.

The main advantages of this method:

• high performance, also with thick walls
• even and smooth cut, requiring minimal cleaning and finishing with a file
• no need to create patterns.

There are also disadvantages inherent in this method:

• applicability to small and medium diameters
• high cost of the machine
• low mobility
• high power consumption and noise

The nuances of working with a rectangular section

To cut a rectangular profile evenly, experts recommend preparing templates in advance. The easiest way is to make templates from a steel angle of sufficient size, marked for the desired bevel. This greatly saves marking time with a large volume of similar cuts.

The corner is placed on the side of the profile pipe and the cutting line is marked along the beveled side with a marker or scriber. It is recommended to repeat it with paper tape.

Precision cutting devices

Band saws are characterized by high stability of the plane of movement of the blade and cutting accuracy. They are also widely used in procurement areas of small-scale and medium-scale production. They are characterized by versatility, reliability and high performance.

For private use, the MASS company from Italy offers a compact band sawing unit. It is equipped with a manual clamping device and can smoothly cut pipes with a diameter of up to 65 mm, as well as rolled sections of any profile of the same thickness.

The rotary device allows you to set an arbitrary cutting direction from 0 to 45°. Movement frequency cutting blade- up to 45 cycles per minute. An economical 370 Watt motor allows you to use a regular home single-phase power supply with a voltage of 220 V.

Application of thermal methods

In addition to mechanical methods, thermal methods of cutting pipes are also widely used. Here the tool is a gas cutter (propane or acetylene) or an electric arc welding machine. Even the thickest-walled, large-diameter pipes can be cut with a cutting torch. Productivity is also quite high. In addition, only these methods provide exceptional mobility - you can cut the pipe in a trench, basement, in places where a high-performance stationary machine Just don't drag it in and connect it.

It should be noted that thermal methods do not allow achieving high precision, and cutting evenly is also not always possible. However, in a number of applications, such as rapid repair of heating mains or main pipelines, it is not required. After thermal cutting, the resulting edges have to be additionally processed with mechanical tools, the cut line is leveled and the bevels are adjusted to the design values.

The thermal cutting method is also used when working with polymer pipe products. In thermal guillotines, the cut is carried out heated to high temperature with an oblique thin cutter sliding in the guides.

The devices can also cut at an angle and very straight, but are only suitable for working with soft materials, having low temperature melting.

How to cut a profile pipe evenly

It is recommended to use a bench square when marking. The required size is marked on the first side, the square is applied to the mark and a marking line is drawn. Next, without lifting the square from the angle between the edges, smoothly rotate it to the other, draw a marking line, turn it again and mark the third edge. If the lines converge on the last edge, it means the markings were done correctly.

Now you can secure the workpiece and cut the desired length with a grinder or hacksaw.

Large diameter pipe cutting

If you need to cut a large diameter pipe straight, for sewerage or at the entrance to a site, use the following tools:

• Angle Grinder. Affordable, but not very safe way. Requires a certain skill. Personal protective equipment must be used.
• Roller cutter. This is a rather complex unit, specially designed for such work. It is mounted on the pipeline, covering it from the outside. The pressure force of the cutting rollers is adjusted mechanically or automatically. Each diameter requires its own equipment.
• Gas cutter. The most commonly used method. The method is quite safe if the gas welder is sufficiently qualified and the safety rules are followed. Requires a gas cutter, acetylene or propane cylinders.

How to cut a cast iron pipe

Cast iron as a material has its own specifics and differs from steel alloys nearby physical and mechanical characteristics. Despite its high strength, cast iron is a very brittle material.

Marked cast iron pipe exactly the same as steel. Before starting work, you should place wooden blocks for support. Angle grinder with cutting disc you need to make a shallow cut around the entire circumference. Next, you need to hit the chisel inserted into the cut with great force. The product will split evenly along the saw line.

If an angle grinder is not available, you will have to make a ring cut with a hacksaw.

How to cut lengthwise

Not often, but sometimes it is still necessary to cut the pipe lengthwise. You should proceed as follows:

• Carefully mark the cutting line. Use thread, marker or masking tape.
• Secure the pipe, provide a hand support next to the pipe along the entire cutting line.
• Take your time, slowly move the angle grinder disk along the cut line and keep your hand supported, make the cut. You should constantly monitor the depth of immersion of the disk into the cut so as not to cut through the opposite wall.

How to cut thin-walled pipes

When working with thin-walled steel, there is a high risk of crushing the cut edges. To avoid this, fill the profile from the inside:

• when working with a hacksaw, insert a round wooden stick of suitable diameter
• When using an angle grinder, sand is poured inside, compacted and plugged.