Excel spreadsheet for calculating forest volume. How to calculate the cubic capacity of round timber: basic methods

home

Repair

The cubic capacity of a log is a certain volume of lumber, the unit of measurement of which is a cubic meter. m. This parameter is used when constructing wooden houses to calculate the required volume round timber. The determined indicator is very important when calculating payment for sold lumber for building a house, since it is necessary to know the cost of each cubic meter. m of wood.

Round timber is very convenient and practical for building houses, bathhouses and other residential and non-residential premises.

Method for correctly counting lumber

Exist various options, allowing you to calculate the cubic capacity of a log, which is a round cylindrical lumber. This assessment is indicative. The methods used include initial geometric parameters, on the basis of which calculations are made.

Industrial harvesting of lumber involves quite complex calculations that are carried out to determine the cubic capacity of the forest. For accurate calculations, use a special truncated cone formula. It is built on the basis of determining the main diameters of each of the two cuts of wood and the length of the logs.

In practice, this complex method is rarely used, since world standards that determine the cubic capacity of roundwood require the use of special tables. Calculating the cubic capacity of the forest when building a house in this way is not particularly difficult. The result is quite accurate, and the calculations are based on the volume of material in the shape of a parallelepiped and the average value of the cut thickness of the log in its upper part.

How to calculate the cubic capacity of a log in a single version correctly?

Until now, the calculation of the cubic capacity of a single tree was determined by multiplying its length by the arithmetic mean total area all cuts. This method involved the use of special measuring instrument, resembling a caliper.

Roulettes.
Calculation tables indicating the final cubic capacity.

Before calculating the cubic capacity of the log, the size of its diameter in the middle part was increased three times, obtaining a certain value for the cross-sectional area. It had to be multiplied by the length of the workpiece to obtain the resulting volume of material. This method was not accurate because the thickness of the tree bark was not taken into account.

The value of Pi in the circle formula was used with a very large deviation, so the distorted form of the formula did not allow accurate calculations to be made without errors. In practice, the following formula is used: diameter divided by 2 round tree squared, then the result is multiplied by Pi and the length of the tree.

It cannot be argued that it is correct to calculate the cubic capacity of forest for building a house only on the basis of tables, special measurements and corresponding formulas. The simplest is the method associated with determining the density of wood species.

If we calculate the cubic capacity of round timber by measuring the thickness of the bark of lumber for building houses, then it is impossible to determine the diameter of the logs without possible errors. The calculated parameters will be inaccurate. To correctly calculate the volume of a unit wooden material, measure its length with a tape measure, then measure the diameter of the cut at the top, not taking into account the thickness of the bark.

Next, you should look at a special table in which, at the intersection of rows and columns with the given values of the length of the tree, as well as its diameter, the volume of the material is determined. This method is reliable. Before calculating the cubic capacity of a forest in this way, you should know that it is not perfectly accurate, since the shape of the trunk and the conditions associated with growing forest for building houses are not taken into account. However, these little things are usually ignored.

How to calculate the cubic capacity of stockpiled round timber?

Image 1. Calculation of cubic capacity of round stockpiled timber.

If we consider the industrial volumes of round logs, then other tables and parameters of round logs are used here, allowing us to calculate the cubic capacity. As shown in the figure (IMAGE 1), round timber in storage conditions has the shape of a parallelepiped in the form of a rectangle.

The method for calculating this volume is simple and known from school knowledge. In practice, the use of this method does not give an accurate result, since the size of the voids between individual logs is not taken into account. The dimensions of the voids depend on the diameter of the logs and can be calculated mathematically. It will not be possible to calculate exact values in case of inaccurate stacking of log blanks. This procedure is not carried out during the assessment of timber stored in warehouses, since the volume occupied by round forest in the warehouse itself.

If you carry out a preliminary weighing of the forest, then calculating the cubic capacity will not be difficult, since it is not completely filled with wood material. The required value should be reduced using the void ratio. When carrying out construction calculations, the value of the void ratio is 0.8, which is 20% of the area of the space that is occupied by air voids, and 80% is the volume of wood.

The sequence of actions when determining the cubic size comes down to the following main steps:

Measuring the width, length, height of a space that is rectangular.
Multiplying certain quantities together to calculate the volume result.
Multiplying the result by a factor of 0.8, which takes into account the number of voids between the logs, which is approximate.
Accepting the resulting value as the effective value.

Using this method, the cubic capacity of roundwood, which is heterogeneous in size, is calculated.

Carrying out calculations depending on the type of material

To calculate the volume of lumber by dividing the mass of the forest by its density, it is necessary to take into account the type of wood.

Image 2. Table for calculating cubic capacity of unedged and edged boards, bars, linings, slats, etc.

The result obtained will be far from ideal, since the forest may have different degrees of maturity, hence different deviations in density. the main role belongs to wood moisture content.

The woodworking industry is characterized by concepts associated with dense cubic meters and folding. The price list for such lumber will contain information about the volume in its dense mass; translation will be required folded cubic meter into a dense mass. For this purpose, conversion factors are used.

The volume of coniferous or deciduous forest is calculated using two methods:

By measuring all units of the tree.
Through the use of a standard, that is, a cube-turner developed in accordance with GOST.

The cubeturner is designed to calculate the volume of edged wood material based on standard tables. In one you can find the volume of a meter of wood, and in the second - units, which allows you to calculate the cost of the forest.

The proposed table (IMAGE 2) contains calculations of the cubic capacity of unedged and edged boards, bars, linings, slats, etc. The measurement has its own specifics, that is, the size of the width of any board is equal to half the size of the width of the narrow and wide layers, measured in the middle part of the board. The volume of round material is calculated correctly if each log is measured.

16.06.2014 17:04

After all the ideas for implementing the construction of a house have been worked out and the final option for building a house from rounded logs has been selected, the question arises how much such a house will cost you. To determine cost of building a log house from rounded logs, you need to know how many cubes of logs are in this log house. In this article we will try to explain in detail how to calculate the cubic capacity for the construction of rounded logs.

Calculation of cubic capacity of rounded logs

The simplest way to calculate is using the formula - πr². H

Π — 3,14

r² — radius of a rounded log squared

N - length of rounded log

Substitute the data into the formula:

3.14 *(0.11 m)²* 6m= 0.228 m3

So, we got how many cubes are in one rounded log with a diameter of 220 mm. Next, you need to calculate the number of logs in your house and multiply the resulting amount by the cubic capacity of one log (0.228 m3). You can easily count the number of logs in a wall, but initially you need to determine for yourself how high the floor will be.

How to calculate forest cubic capacity

It is also necessary to add 7% to the resulting height by shrinkage , if the log has natural moisture.

For example, the height of the first floor is 2.9 meters. The height of one log is 220 mm minus the lunar groove will be 190.5 mm. Next, we divide the floor height of 2.9 m by the thickness of the log without a groove - 0.19 m, having previously converted all the numbers into meters.

2.9: 0.19 = 15.26 pieces. We got required amount logs with a diameter of 220 mm in order to build a floor 2.9 meters high. You must not forget to add 7% for shrinkage of the house. In total you will get 16 crowns. Now, to find out the full volume of the floor of a 6x6 house, 16 crowns high, you need to perform the following calculation:

16 (crowns) * 4 (walls) * 0.228 (volume of one log) = 14.6 m3 of logs. Now, to find out the cost of a rounded log for the entire log house, you need to multiply the number of cubes obtained by the price of the log for one cube. The cost of one meter of cubic rounded log can be found Here.

To perform calculations for other log diameters, we offer you a number of pre-calculated tables, using which you will certainly find answers to your questions.

Article prepared by the company ASK Egida, which performs construction of houses from logs and provides wide range of construction services in the suburban housing construction market.

Comments

No comments yet

How to calculate the cubic capacity of a single tree without additional measurements?
Technology for calculating the volume of a single log
Calculation of cubic capacity of stored timber
How to calculate cubic capacity without using tables?

When industrially harvesting roundwood, it is quite difficult to determine its cubic capacity. To accurately calculate the volume of each log, you can use the formula for the volume of a truncated cone, which takes into account the main diameters of both cuts and the length of the log itself.

Round timber is very convenient and practical for building houses, bathhouses and other residential and non-residential premises.

In fact, like this in a complicated way The cubic size of round timber is not calculated. It is accepted all over the world to be considered more in a fast way. Special tables are used for this.

How to calculate the cubic capacity of a single tree without additional measurements?

Cubic meter of wood and folding cubic meter round forest.

Just a few years ago, to calculate the volume of a single tree, they used the product of the arithmetic average of the area of the cuts and the length of the tree. Using a meter (reminiscent of an ordinary caliper), the diameter of the tree in its middle part was determined. Then it was multiplied by 3 to obtain the cross-sectional area.

Next, the resulting number was multiplied by the length of the workpiece, and a volumetric result was obtained. This method of calculation is inaccurate, since the thickness of the bark is not taken into account. The number Pi was taken with a large deviation from the real one, and the formula in its distorted form gave large errors.

The formula itself looks like this: the diameter of a rounded log is divided by 2 and squared, then multiplied by Pi and the length of the log.

Even if you measure the thickness of the bark and take this into account to determine the diameter of the tree, deviations from real indicators will be inaccurate, although with a smaller error. More accurate calculations showed that the actual deviations in the calculations of the cubic capacity of a round log during primitive measurements have a certain dependence on the parameters of the tree, which was taken into account when compiling the corresponding tables to determine the volumetric parameter. Let's try to figure out how to calculate the cubic capacity of the forest. For this you will need:

roulette;
corresponding calculation tables, where there is a finite cubic capacity.

Technology for calculating the volume of a single log

First, you need to use a tape measure to measure the length of the tree and its diameter at the top of the cut (excluding the bark). After this, let's look at the tabular parameters: at the intersection of the line indicating the length of the tree and the column indicating the corresponding diameter, we find the volume of the measured body. Everything is simple and reliable.

Such calculations also cannot be called absolutely accurate, since the features in which the forest was grown and the shape of the trunk are not taken into account. But with large volumes of workpieces, it is customary not to pay attention to such trifles.

Calculation of cubic capacity of stored timber

For industrial volumes of round logs, other techniques and tabular data are used. In essence, a round forest in a stored state has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. Calculations of its volume are familiar to everyone from school. But this method cannot be used, since the size of the voids between the logs will not be taken into account. By the way, they also directly depend on the diameter of the logs, which can be calculated mathematically.

Through numerous calculations, the coefficient was determined, with the help of which a special table was compiled. It works similarly to the previously described table, with the only difference being that the volume of the mentioned parallelepiped and the average thickness of the upper cut are taken into account. The cubic capacity of the forest can be calculated with great accuracy.

Types of lumber and their volume.

But one cannot hope for good accuracy of calculations when stacking forest products inaccurately. This procedure is not used when storing timber in a warehouse, since in this case the volume that round timber occupies directly in the warehouse is estimated.

It is very easy to calculate the cubic capacity after preliminary weighing of the forest.

Round timber cubator table GOST

How to calculate cubic capacity without using tables?

There may be a misconception that in the forest industry it is impossible to correctly and accurately calculate the cubic capacity of round timber. But this is incorrect, since only primary methods for calculating the volume of round timber were considered here. In reality (especially when the forestry industry is in the capable hands of specialists) the process is much more complex.

Later, coefficients and special formulas are applied. This work is difficult, but this is the only way to calculate the cubic capacity of round timber with fairly high accuracy.

Round timber is very convenient and practical for building houses, bathhouses and other residential and non-residential premises.

In fact, the cubic size of round timber is not calculated in such a complex way. It is accepted all over the world to count it in a faster way. Special tables are used for this.

How to calculate the cubic capacity of a single tree without additional measurements?

The formula itself looks like this: the diameter of a rounded log is divided by 2 and squared, then multiplied by Pi and the length of the log.

roulette;
corresponding calculation tables, where there is a finite cubic capacity.

Return to contents

?
Peculiarities .
How much does a cube of board weigh?
Technology for calculating the volume of a single log

First, you need to use a tape measure to measure the length of the tree and its diameter at the top of the cut (excluding the bark). After this, let's look at the tabular parameters: at the intersection of the line indicating the length of the tree and the column indicating the corresponding diameter, we find the volume of the measured body. Everything is simple and reliable.

Such calculations also cannot be called absolutely accurate, since the features in which the forest was grown and the shape of the trunk are not taken into account. But with large volumes of workpieces, it is customary not to pay attention to such trifles.
Return to contents

Calculation of cubic capacity of stored timber

For industrial volumes of round logs, other techniques and tabular data are used. In essence, a round forest in a stored state has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. Calculations of its volume are familiar to everyone from school. But this method cannot be used, since the size of the voids between the logs will not be taken into account. By the way, they also directly depend on the diameter of the logs, which can be calculated mathematically.

Through numerous calculations, the coefficient was determined, with the help of which a special table was compiled. It works similarly to the previously described table, with the only difference being that the volume of the mentioned parallelepiped and the average thickness of the upper cut are taken into account. The cubic capacity of the forest can be calculated with great accuracy.

But one cannot hope for good accuracy of calculations when stacking forest products inaccurately. This procedure is not used when storing timber in a warehouse, since in this case the volume that round timber occupies directly in the warehouse is estimated.

It is very easy to calculate the cubic capacity after preliminary weighing of the forest.

Next, you need to calculate the volume by dividing the mass of the forest by the density, which corresponds to the type of wood. This calculation also cannot be considered ideal, since the forest has a deviation in density at different degrees of maturity. The moisture content of the wood can also play a special role here.

Selecting a volume measurement method

Selecting methods for recording and measuring wood volume
regulated by the following regulatory documents
(GOST):

for firewood and non-grade (fuel) wood
GOST 3243-88
Firewood. Specifications
Download (downloads: 6871)
for round timber
GOST 2292-88
ROUND TIMBER

measurement methods and acceptance
Download
You can read more generally and in more detail in the reference book:
UNION-ALL STANDARDS FOR FOREST TAXATION

GOST requirements read:

Round timber over 2m in length and fuel wood (firewood) over 3m in length are subject to piecemeal measurement and accounting in full, according to the roundwood volume tables (). In special cases (specified in GOST 2292-88, clause 1.2), round timber up to 2 m long is also subject to piecemeal measurement and accounting in a dense measure, in . Special cases include valuable wood, raw materials for plywood production, aviation materials, etc.
The volume of all other wood that is not included in the above categories is measured by converting the folded measure into a dense one.
(from warehouse meters -> to cubic meters)
(download for free)

Thus, from the requirements of GOST, the following follows:

A dense measure, () is the main way to take into account the volume of any wood material, including firewood. Measuring the volume of wood in a dense measure is a very cumbersome and time-consuming way of making measurements and calculations, since this involves measuring the end diameter and length of each log piece by piece
Cubic meter (solid measure)

Dense measure- the main method of measuring and recording the volume of wood.
Dense measure- this is the net volume of wood pulp, which is defined as the volume of the cylinder of each log, taking into account the average depth of the trunk.

Wherein:
- Each log is measured individually and
- when measuring the diameter of the end -
  select the top cut (smaller end)
- when measuring the diameter of the end -
  the thickness of the bark and sapwood layer is not taken into account
- when measuring the diameter of the end -
  the diameter of the oval end is assumed to be equal to
  arithmetic mean
  between its largest and smallest value
- the value correction is always made minus the gradation according to GOST
  (for example, an end diameter of 18.8 cm is taken as 18 cm, not 19 cm, a log length of 4.47 m/n is taken equal to 4 linear meters, not four and a half, etc.)
- The measurement methodology for round timber is regulated by
  GOST 2292-88
  ROUND TIMBER
  Labeling, sorting, transportation,
  measurement methods and acceptance
  Download (downloads: 5442)
- After the measurements have been made,
  the volume of each log is determined
  according to roundwood volume tables (by )
The unit of measurement for a dense measure is cubic meter (cubic meter)

To speed up and simplify the determination of the amount of round timber, a special method of counting it is used - timber pointing. The forest method is not regulated in any way regulatory document and, in essence, is a variant of shorthand writing

Pointing the forest

“Dotting” (dotting) of the forest is a shorthand writing method for recording the number and parameters of logs and logs, used to take into account when inventorying tree trunks stacked or “standing”. At the same time, a table is compiled in any form in which the measured (taken into account) parameters of round timber are recorded. Most often, these are the diameters and lengths of the logs, less often - the type of wood, sometimes - combinations of other required values (age, species, etc.).

The term “forest pointing” was born in those distant times when there were no computers and calculators. In ancient times, foresters used this prototype of shorthand calculation. This, however, does not detract from the advantages of this method of accounting today. Its essence is that each number corresponds to its own picture, a kind of hieroglyph that denotes this number.

The term “dotting” itself comes from the words “dots”, which are placed in the accounting process
The first point is a conventional sign that is applied to the end of a recorded and measured log in order to avoid its re-counting. The concept of a “point” on the end of a log is purely a convention. This can be any visible sign, the meaning of which is chosen depending on the circumstances. For example, this could be a special forester’s mark, the diameter of a log, or simply a slash drawn with chalk.
. The second point is entered into the table in a special way and participates in further calculations of the amount of forest
It happens like this:
- the first four logs are four points at the corners of an imaginary square,
- the next four logs are the lines connecting these points to each other into a square
- and finally, logs 8 and 9 are the diagonals of the square
Total - 10 logs symbolizes a square with crossed out diagonals
- Then everything is repeated until the end of the calculation.

Roundwood volume

The volume of round timber is determined after pointing the round timber, when it becomes known how many and what diameter of logs are contained in the stack. To determine the volume of round timber, open the cubeturner and, by simple multiplication, find out the volume of accounted timber.
Cubaturnik- a special table for calculating the volume of round timber. Along the vertical axis of the cubature are the diameters, and along the horizontal axis are the lengths of the logs. At the intersection of the vertical and horizontal - the volume for each log of the specified length and diameter.

Round timber volume tables (cubic)

The cubature is colloquially called GOST 2708-75
ROUND TIMBER Volume tables

: "(link-category)"

This Personal Information Confidentiality Policy (hereinafter referred to as the Policy) applies to all information that UFASTROYSNAB LLC (OGRN: 1100280041443, INN: 0278174031, registration address: 450001, RB,
Ufa, st. Levchenko, 2, of..

Using the site http://site/ means the user’s unconditional consent to this Policy and the conditions for processing his personal information specified therein; in case of disagreement with these conditions, the user must refrain from using this resource.

Personal information of users that the site receives and processeshttp://site/

1.1. For the purposes of this Policy, “user personal information” means:

1.1.1. Personal information that the user provides about himself independently when leaving an application, making a purchase, registering (creating an account) or in another process of using the site.

1.1.2 Data that is automatically transmitted by the site http://site/ during its use using software installed on the user’s device, including IP address, information from cookies, information about the user’s browser (or other program with which the site is being accessed), access time, address of the requested page.

1.1.3. Data that is provided to the site for the purpose of providing services and/or selling goods and/or providing other values for site visitors, in accordance with the activities of this resource:

Phone number

1.2. This Policy applies only to the site http://site/ and does not control and is not responsible for third party sites that the user can access through links available on the site http://site/. On such sites, other personal information may be collected or requested from the user, and other actions may be taken.

1.3. The site generally does not verify the accuracy of personal information provided by users and does not exercise control over their legal capacity. However, the site http://site/ assumes that the user provides reliable and sufficient personal information on the issues proposed in the forms of this resource, and keeps this information up to date.

Purposes of collecting and processing personal information of users

2.1. The site collects and stores only those personal data that are necessary to provide services and/or sell goods and/or provide other valuables to visitors to the site http://site/.

2.2. The user's personal information may be used for the following purposes:

2.2.1 Communication with the user, including sending notifications, requests and information regarding the use of the site, the provision of services, as well as processing requests and applications from the user

Conditions for processing the user’s personal information and its transfer to third parties

3.1. The website http://site/ stores personal information of users in accordance with the internal regulations of specific services.

3.2. Confidentiality of the user's personal information is maintained, except in cases where the user voluntarily provides information about himself for general access to an unlimited number of persons.

3.3. The website http://site/ has the right to transfer the user’s personal information to third parties in the following cases:

3.3.1. The user expressed his consent to such actions by consent, expressed in the provision of such data;

3.3.2. The transfer is necessary as part of the user’s use of a specific website http://site/, or for the provision of goods and/or services to the user;

3.3.3. The transfer is provided for by Russian or other applicable legislation within the framework of the procedure established by law;

3.3.4. In order to ensure the possibility of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of the site http://ufastroysnab..

3.4. When processing personal data of users, the website http://site/ is guided by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Personal Data”.

User changing personal information

4.1. The user can at any time change (update, supplement) the personal information provided by him or part of it, as well as its confidentiality parameters, by leaving a statement to the site administration in the following way:

Email: [email protected]

4.2. The user may at any time withdraw his consent to the processing of personal data by leaving a statement to the site administration in the following way:

Email: [email protected]

Measures taken to protect users' personal information

The site takes necessary and sufficient organizational and technical measures to protect the user’s personal information from unauthorized or accidental access, destruction, modification, blocking, copying, distribution, as well as from other unlawful actions by third parties.

Changes to the Privacy Policy. Applicable Law

6.1. The site has the right to make changes to this Privacy Policy. When changes are made to the current edition, the date is indicated latest update. The new version of the Policy comes into force from the moment it is posted, unless otherwise provided by the new version of the Policy. The current edition is always located on the page at

6.2. This Policy and the relationship between the user and the Site arising in connection with the application of the Privacy Policy are subject to the law of the Russian Federation.

Feedback. Questions and suggestions

7.1. All suggestions or questions regarding this Policy should be directed as follows.

Sections

Excel spreadsheet for calculating forest volume. How to calculate the cubic capacity of round timber: basic methods

Method for correctly counting lumber

How to calculate the cubic capacity of a log in a single version correctly?

How to calculate the cubic capacity of stockpiled round timber?

Carrying out calculations depending on the type of material

Calculation of cubic capacity of rounded logs

How to calculate forest cubic capacity

Comments

How to calculate the cubic capacity of a single tree without additional measurements?

Technology for calculating the volume of a single log

Calculation of cubic capacity of stored timber

Round timber cubator table GOST

How to calculate cubic capacity without using tables?

How to calculate the cubic capacity of a single tree without additional measurements?

Technology for calculating the volume of a single log

Calculation of cubic capacity of stored timber

Selecting a volume measurement method

Cubic meter (solid measure)

Pointing the forest

Roundwood volume

Round timber volume tables (cubic)