Is it possible to make a fan pipe of a smaller diameter? Why and how to install a sewer pipe in a private house - theory and practice

Sewage pipelines are well known modern people. But not only the wastewater itself and solid particles need to be discharged outside - various odors are no less a nuisance, and the drain pipe helps to combat them.

Peculiarities

A sewer pipe is a fragment of a sewer system that connects a riser that discharges sewage to the atmosphere. This design reduces the risk Wastewater, the accumulation of bad “odors” is eliminated. Only in one-story buildings is the absence of such a technical unit allowed. But when there are at least two floors, or the house has more than one sanitary unit, it is impossible to do without it, otherwise a large-scale release of water from the tank and the vacuum it provokes in the outlet will provoke a deterioration in the atmosphere in the house.

Current regulations require the installation of a drain pipe in the following cases:

• in houses with more than one level equipped with water supply and sewerage;
• in the event that the cross-section of the risers is 5 cm or more;
• if the house is equipped with a swimming pool or other reservoir that discharges a significant amount of waste;
• in the case where the septic tank is located next to the home.

Kinds

For sewerage, you can use drain pipes made of cast iron or plastic. Cast iron is compatible exclusively with cast iron, but plastic is much more versatile, so plastic is recommended when repairing and replacing broken parts. Hardware Currently, they are rarely used also because they are not flexible enough and their range is too scarce. Most often, installation is carried out in a sewer line with a diameter of 110 mm.

Professionals believe that fan lines made of dissimilar materials are not very durable. Ideally, all sewer parts should be selected from the same substance. If such a solution is not possible, then it is worth consulting with qualified engineers how this or that combination of materials used will behave. The fan pipe can have almost any geometry - it is permissible to run it vertically or horizontally. There are even some options that are mounted at an angle.

It is worth noting that the fan main should be larger in cross-section than the main route. Therefore, the choice of relatively light and very durable plastic has an additional advantage over the use of a cast iron odor release line.

The exit from any vent system must be located outside the residential building, otherwise no efforts will help cope with the harmful odors that appear.

When installing both cast iron and plastic pipelines, the same products are used as for waste channels:

• fitting;
• pipes;
• bends;
• rubber cuffs;
• transition blocks;
• clamps (with their help the pipeline is attached to walls and other surfaces).

Device

The drain pipe in a private house is formed by individual outlets to drain points and risers. If the home is quite large, and the bathrooms and toilet rooms are far from each other, then a scheme with several vent risers is needed - this will help avoid placing long horizontal sections of the pipeline with their inevitably weakened draft. If several branches are connected into a single circuit, it is recommended to install the pipe with a slight slope. It is worth understanding that the placement of the original site in warm room, and the final one - on the street, extremely useful for intense air exchange.

The faster the air flows through such a channel, the better the fresh atmosphere in the home is maintained. Since the key part of the fan pipes is installed vertically, you need to carefully approach the fastening of the structures. Connection is achieved using clamps made of metal materials. Some experts consider it necessary to install sound insulation of fan pipes using rolls of mineral wool and slab structures.

Much attention should be paid to the exit of the fan structure onto the roof of a single-story or multi-story building.

Standard requirements stipulate that sewerage facilities are not allowed into the attic. If you mount the outlet under an overhang, then as a result of falling snow or ice, the expensive structure may be damaged. The height of fan structures above a pitched roof should be at least 50 cm, and if it is flat and not in use, then this figure should be at least 0.3 m. Most often, several pipes lead to the roof at once - among them, the air exhaust pipe will be the highest. The formation of a single contour of the fan and ventilation system, as well as connection to chimney structures.

It is prohibited to bring the vent pipe closer than 400 cm to the windows. The optimal output is considered to be in the area where the largest number of drainage structures are concentrated. Transferring it, for aesthetic reasons, is fundamentally unacceptable. It is also prohibited to add any decorations to the drain pipes both inside and outside the house - each such element can provoke the formation of condensation and ice, reducing the effectiveness of odor removal.

There is no need to contact specialists except in some particularly difficult cases. However, it is required to strictly follow the recommendations and guidelines of the standards. Labor intensity of construction of fan systems when using modern materials small.

Dimensions

The diameter of the drain hole in the tanks is 7 cm. As for the fan pipes themselves, there are no particularly stringent requirements. In an apartment building, they should be the same size as the main sewer riser.

In private housing, it is quite justified to use two times smaller outlet sizes, since air will move through them. Therefore, fan air ducts with a cross section of 50 mm are often installed there. The outlet from the toilet and the main sewer pipe are made the same - 100 mm each.

It is these dimensions that turn out to be the most rational in a private home. But there are also deviations, especially if the load created is small and a simultaneous significant flow of water is unlikely. If exhaust or supply ventilation is installed, then you should focus on diameters from 50 to 110 mm (most often 90) with a length of 300-400 cm. Pipelines with a height of 150 cm are in demand. Such values ​​​​have not just developed as part of everyday practice - they are regulated by SNiP.

It is important to know that the required rise of 30 cm is determined not from the plane of the ceiling, but from the surface of the roof covering. A distance of 4 m should be maintained in relation to both windows and balconies.

Returning to the dimensions of the fan pipes themselves, it is worth noting that diameters of 150 and 200 mm are typical for industrial versions of this device. At home, pipes with a diameter of 7.5 cm are occasionally installed. This approach is necessary if larger options, for geometric reasons, do not fit in a particular plumbing unit.

Installation

Choosing the ideal device and determining its parameters is only half the battle. Equally important is high-quality installation of equipment. Serious difficulties arise when accessing the roof - installation work inside the house is no more difficult than manipulating other plumbing fixtures. But it is quite possible to get around this problem if you follow the recommendations given by professionals. For example, they warn against using “fungi.”

Lifting warm air through the drain pipe can lead to condensate freezing on this element and blocking its lumen. In this case, thrust will inevitably decrease. The closer the outlet is to the ridge, the more reliable the system being created and the less likely it is that the snow mass will tear off the roof. In those buildings that have three or more floors with long sewer lines, it is advisable to install two air ventilation risers. But here there is a rule: the risers are made straight, like arrows, since the slightest turn or bend will sharply reduce the efficiency of their work.

The maximum result is achieved if the liner is connected to the outlet using corrugated adapters. When there is one outlet for several risers, the total diameter of the external discharge channel should be equal to diameter boner The auxiliary ventilation duct must be connected to the sewer option below the outermost plumbing fixture or from above to the upward outlet of the curved tee. But first you should make sure that this outlet is located above the sides of the instruments and inspection hatches, because sometimes, even if there is a vent pipe, foreign odors arise.

The reasons for this circumstance may be related to the following problems:

• wear and depressurization of the cuff that attaches the toilet;
• broken connection of sewer pipes;
• problems in the hydraulic valve.

Only by checking and refuting all these assumptions or eliminating such defects, but without achieving positive result, it is worth replacing the fan structure. It is advisable not to rely on your own knowledge and skills, but to entrust the matter to trained specialists.

If you still decide to do the work on your own, then you should understand that sometimes you even have to dismantle the toilet tank. It is especially difficult to work with cast iron channels, which cause a lot of inconvenience even for specialists.

It is impossible to turn off the drain pipe in an apartment building. The only option is to negotiate with your neighbors so that they don’t turn on their washing machines or open their water taps for a while. It is also not recommended to use toilets during this time. The dismantling itself is carried out using sledgehammers and angle grinders. Subsequent installation is always carried out from the lowest point, and in private houses it coincides with the base of the foundation.

You can simplify the connection of pipe parts to each other by lubricating the sealing rings with silicone. But even if this reagent is not available, the problem can be easily solved: you need to use a simple liquid soap. It is worth considering that the silicone bond is stronger than the soap bond, but it will complicate dismantling. If it is necessary to connect cast iron and plastic pipes You should use special adapters, which can be purchased at any plumbing store. Fastening to the wall is done with metal clamps, which are much more reliable than their plastic counterparts and more convenient to use.

The old vent pipes, installed several decades ago, were only attached to the floor and ceiling. This solution is currently considered impractical, because connecting all sections of the circuit is considered much more effective. After completing the fastening work, sewer pipes are connected to the risers - bends or tees are used for this purpose. Then comes the turn of connecting the sewer circuit with plumbing equipment.

It is very expensive to use sewer pipelines equipped with acoustic protection. For most people, it will be much more profitable to install the necessary protection themselves. When working they use polyurethane foam or mineral-based slabs. The disadvantage of the foam option is that during any revision it is necessary to cut it off and add it again. Hiding the risers in a sound-proof box looks very aesthetically pleasing, but an inspection window must be provided.

The fan pipe itself does not have a slope, as it must be installed strictly vertically. As for the slope of the sewer pipelines to which the ventilation circuit is connected, it should be 1-4 cm per 1 linear meter. A lower value will slow down the flow rate of all drains. Exceeding the permissible slope will cause the liquid to flow away faster than solid particles and inclusions.

When installing a vent pipe, it is necessary to pay attention to the following: important detail, like a cross, is a type of fitting that accepts the flow of unpleasant gases.

Additionally, a tee is installed into which the toilet pipe is built. The number of large tees must correspond to the number of waste discharge points. The only exception is that there is no need to install such an element in the bathroom.

The outlet of sewer pipes is directed in such a way that accumulations of sewer gases are removed by the wind. It is unacceptable to place the output in places where they will concentrate and stagnate, even if no one visits these places. If for some reason it is not possible to connect the sewer pipe to the ventilation system, then the outlet from the fan circuit can be routed through the wall.

Decorative rosettes are an excellent way to cope with the negative aesthetic effects of such a solution. To connect several fan pipes, tees designed for angles of 45 or 135 degrees are used.

If there are horizontal sections in the system, then their slope along the flow of gases should be at least 0.02%. In places where it is necessary to change the direction of pipes, this can only be done over the last connected devices. For such a change, only pipes with an angle of 135 degrees can be used.

In the case when the attic of the house is used, it is necessary to increase the outlet height to 3 m. All the fun boners coming through unheated premises, must have a thermal protection layer.

Plastic pipes must be routed through the ceilings using metal sleeves. It is worth mounting a lid and mesh on top - they will protect against penetration into the fan system small insects. Instead of a fan pipe, an air valve can sometimes be used, installed above the inspection part of the riser. But such a solution is applicable only in houses where there is no more than one sanitary unit. Vacuum valves, regardless of their quality, quickly become clogged and cease to perform their main functions.

The problem with valves also occurs when the siphon (hydraulic seal) is deprived of water. In this situation, the entire system becomes useless. In addition, a hydraulic shutter, even in ideal mode, is not capable of 100% protection against unpleasant odors; it must be supplemented with supply and exhaust ventilation ducts. Only a full-fledged fan system can provide good air in houses with a toilet, bathroom, washing machines and dishwashers.

Creation quality system sewerage in a private house eliminates problems with unpleasant odors accompanying work sanitary equipment. Therefore, the installed sewer riser in a private house will be an integral element of the household network.

Functional Features

When a large volume of water is suddenly drained into a pipeline of small cross-section, pipe destruction and water hammer often occur. Therefore, a sewer pipe in a private house is an integral element of the internal utility networks. Due to its use, the sewage system in a private house has an additional air flow, and in addition, the design eliminates pressure drops.

An apartment building without a drain pipe can only function with the installation of a shower stall, where water consumption is low. A standard bathroom refers to peak flow rates; during the discharge of wastewater from a sanitary fixture, the pipe cross-section is maximally filled, the influx fresh air becomes minimal.

A similar situation in houses without a drain pipe provokes flooding of the first floors of the building at the time of massive drainage of water. Installing an additional structure will extend life cycle sewer riser, especially plastic, and will also smooth out the work of home ventilation in sewer pipes.

Many craftsmen advise narrowing the diameter of the pipeline, citing the lack of costs in the attic of the house. Regulations, as well as experience in operating utility networks in the private sector and apartment buildings forces one to abandon such manipulations.

Sewage pipelines from the sanitary unit where the toilet is installed are dictating. The toilet drain pipe has a cross-section of 110 mm; the domestic sewer riser must match its size or be larger. If there are two toilets and two bathtubs installed on the riser, it is necessary to carry out a hydraulic calculation of the riser's capacity.

Structural layout diagrams

Modern solutions sewer network based polymer pipes, can significantly extend the service life of the system and simplify installation work. Sewage in a private house without a drain pipe remains quite functional, especially in houses with a small number of appliances and people, the standard system copes with the flow of wastewater.

An unpleasant odor appears at times of heavy load, when most of the devices are activated at once. In such situations, many owners install additional aerators - ventilation valves, they compensate for the lack of air in the system. Installation of such equipment occurs at a level of 1–2.5 meters from the finished floor level.

The installed fan complex will provide a number of advantages:

• Working and independent for removing odors from risers.
• Creating a high-quality restriction of water flow, with normalization of air pressure inside.
• Providing functionality for several bathrooms located on different levels in a private house.

Such points will allow the construction of the required riser, taking into account high-quality ventilation and ensuring long-lasting functionality. The resulting sewage system will allow for the use of several full bathrooms.

This is relevant when a private house has independent and multi-level options for placing wastewater disposal. There is only one way out in this situation - the craftsmen can install the system with one vent riser, the exhaust part of which will be combined. But the diameter of such a pipeline must correspond to the cross-section of the working riser or be 50 mm larger.

Pipe materials

A sewer pipe for a sewer in a private house with a height of two, three or four floors is a decisive factor; in its absence, the hydraulic valves of the upper sanitary fixtures must be calculated for additional load. In this calculation, it is necessary to take into account the second flow rate from the devices, the cross-section of the pipeline, local resistance and pipe material.

Depending on the temperature of the discharged water, as well as the requirements for the working strength of pipelines, specialists select and install the following pipes:

• Plastic, modern polymer or metal-plastic for the installation of gravity lines.
• Plastic, metal-plastic pipes low noise series for pressure pipelines.

Design solutions for installing and venting pipes to the roof

When designing a house or carrying out reconstruction, it is important to choose the correct location of the system and individual sewerage units. Only in this case will the sewer outlet in a private house function, regardless of the weather outside the window.

If we're talking about If there is a large temperature difference inside and outside the building, especially when the house is used all year round and the climate has a long period of negative temperatures, then the craftsmen install a unit inside the building or connect electric heating.

Installation should be carried out inside the building, leading the riser above the level roofing covering. This will eliminate problems with freezing and provide a reason to provide the necessary functionality, regardless of weather conditions. In this case, the sewerage system will meet a number of regulatory requirements:

• Removal of unpleasant odor.
• Condensation and freezing of pipes are excluded.
• Full functionality without water hammer during peak flow times.

In a situation where home owners do not have the necessary free space to install a fan unit indoors, experts advise installing the unit to external wall, sew up the structure, insulate it with mineral wool. An additional heat source in this design is a heat cable.

Functional sewerage system without sewerage units

Sewage in a private house without a drain pipe is carried out in one-story buildings with a usable basement, but the installation of a toilet and bathtub takes place only on the first floor, not far from the riser and discharge into the external sewer network.

In this case, the consumption of a washbasin or house cleaning system is not dictating; such an amount of wastewater from sanitary appliances occurs irregularly and is not capable of affecting the operation of the system.

A private home is often equipped with grease traps; the equipment reduces the concentration of fats and organics in wastewater. Installation of such equipment implies regular washing pipes hot water. Air valves will help compensate for the lack of oxygen.

The valve output is connected to main pipeline from washing by fittings, the difference in elevations protects the equipment from flooding during flushing of the pipeline.

The autonomous sewage system of private houses is quite complex design, which must comply with all established standards. Otherwise, it will not work effectively or you will have to carry out frequent restoration work. An example would be a situation where a vacuum is created in a pipe. Let's look at the installation features fan sewer in a private house for more details.

1. When draining wastewater vertical pipe a rarefaction process occurs, which can be partially compensated by the remaining wastewater in the siphons. In such cases of problems with work sewer system does not arise.
2. With a one-time burst release, a sewer vacuum is created. This problem is quite widespread if a fan riser is not installed.
3. Fan sewage eliminates the possibility of a vacuum, in which the smell and the drains themselves can flow back into the room.
4. If there is an outlet into the atmosphere, the resulting vapors and gases naturally flow upward. As a result, vapors and gases do not enter the outlet pipes located at an angle, that is, the problem is solved.

It is worth considering the point that building codes determine that there is no need to install a background riser due to a small one-time release of wastewater. A vacuum occurs when wastewater fills the entire cross-section over a sufficiently long period, which is only possible when choosing a pipe of small diameter or with a large one-time discharge back from several sources.

In general, we can say that the system under consideration is technically simple. The pipe, represented by a riser, also performs a drainage function. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements for creating this system.

Fan pipe design

First, let's pay attention to the cases in which it is necessary to create a sewer system:

1. In the case where a riser or a large section of a sewer pipe has a diameter of less than 0.5 cm. Even for a house that has only a few sources of wastewater, such a cross-section is quite small.
2. Using autonomous system closed sewers, for example, septic tanks, into which oxygen is not pumped. If wastewater is discharged into semi-open wells, then the vacuum in the system occurs partially. Septic tanks are built in such a way that they are completely isolated from the outside world. In this way, the possibility that bad smell spread throughout the area.
3. In the event of a high probability of a salvo release of a huge amount of water. If the house has several bathrooms and showers, swimming pools, artificial reservoirs, as well as a large number of equipment that uses water in their work, then a fan drainage of vapors and gases should be provided, since the volley discharge will be significant.

When designing a vent pipe, the following points are taken into account:

1. The diameter of the drain pipe and the sewer riser must match exactly. Only in this case can effective discharge of the sewer system be ensured to eliminate the possibility of vacuum formation.
2. The location of the exhaust pipe relative to windows and balconies should also be taken into account, since unpleasant air will enter the room.
3. The fan pipe must be positioned strictly vertically, otherwise its efficiency decreases significantly. Therefore, when creating a project, you should take this point into account.
4. If the house has attic floor, it is necessary to provide for the location of the discharge pipe near walls and other communication elements. That is why, when constructing a private house, its design is created with a background sewer system.
5. All information is applied to the design drawings of the structure, which avoids problems.

When choosing a pipe type, you should pay attention to the following points:

1. To solve this problem, a PVC version is also suitable. Such pipes have a lot of advantages, among which we note their low cost and weight. Lightweight ones are easier to secure and require no maintenance. Modern autonomous sewer systems are often created using PVC versions.
2. Cast iron pipes can also be installed, which Lately are not very popular. There are quite a few disadvantages: high cost, heavy weight, difficulties in carrying out installation work and so on.
3. Until recently, ceramic pipes were used to create sewage systems, but today they are extremely rare. The reasons are high cost and fragility.

The above information determines that it is quite important to create the project in a timely manner and implement it.

Requirements for the fan riser

When considering the requirements for a fan riser, you should understand the operating principle of the system. Bad odor may come from pipes or installed septic tank. The resulting vapors have a specific gravity less than atmospheric, as a result of which they rise upward through the system.

There are not many requirements for the fan riser:

1. He must be straightforward. Vapors rise naturally. This moment determines insufficient traction. Therefore, only straight sections of the system should be installed.
2. When creating a riser, a pipe of the same diameter must be used. Otherwise, the thrust generated will not be enough. You should not use different adapters, as this significantly reduces traction.
3. When positioning the riser, you should take into account the fact that an unpleasant odor will come out of the pipe and be carried by the wind throughout the area. It will be almost impossible to avoid this, so the location of other living spaces should be taken into account.

Requirements depend on the complexity of the system and many other factors.

Alternative to a drain pipe

It is possible to solve the problem under consideration associated with the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the house from the sewer system by installing:

1. Non-return sewer valve. This design can prevent wastewater from flowing in the opposite direction. The locking mechanism can also be used to eliminate the possibility of bad odors entering the room.
2. Gates located in siphons. This mechanism is installed in the areas where the pipes exit to the riser. They are represented by various valves that can be closed manually.

However, the system under consideration does not have high efficiency in the case of a volley release of sewage when a vacuum is created.

Installation of a drain pipe and connection to the roof

The above information indicates that a vent pipe may be needed quite often. You can install it yourself if you have available materials.

1. First you need to deal with the existing sewer system. The first step is to replace old pipes, which are best replaced with plastic ones. Cast iron products are becoming less and less popular over time, since they are not practical to use, the surface has a high roughness, which causes the formation of severe blockages. Dismantling work can be carried out quite quickly and simply: the pipeline is disconnected from the riser, after which disassembly is carried out in stages. Significant problems can arise with old cast iron pipes.
2. It is recommended to install vent pipes from the lowest point of rigidity. As a rule, it is located in the main riser. If the work is carried out in a country house, then it is recommended to start installation from the starting point of the foundation. The work involves creating holes in load-bearing structures, after which the pipe is installed and temporarily secured with clamps. After installing all the plumbing, a drain outlet is connected to the source of waste, for example, to the toilet.
3. If difficulties arise when creating a flexible sewer pipe when the pipes do not fit into each other, you can use soap or silicone. These substances lubricate the sealing rings. You should not apply a large load, since pipes are made of PVC and O-rings may be damaged.
4. When installing a drain pipe, it is recommended to use exclusively metal clamps. This type of fastening is the most reliable. The studs on a standard clamp, which is made of metal, have a screw structure. This moment allows you to precisely adjust the characteristics of the connection.
5. Installation work must also include insulation of the structure. Particular attention is paid to the area of ​​contact between the pipe and other elements of the structure. Of course, PVC does not react to impact environment, but still care should be taken to protect the sewerage elements. Despite the many advantages of PVC pipes, there is also a significant drawback, which is poor insulating qualities. Due to the small thickness of the walls, the sound of falling wastewater can spread throughout the room. This problem can be avoided by insulating wastewater or vapor outlets with foam. You can also use mineral wool in the form of rolls.

If repair work is necessary, we will pay attention to the following points:

1. As previously noted, the fan pipe must have a diameter equal to the diameter of the riser or have a larger one.
2. The end of the outlet must not be bent or narrowed. However, you can install special caps that will eliminate the possibility of rainwater and snow getting into the system.
3. It is recommended to lay most of the pipe in a warm area, and only the ends in a cold area. In order to create additional thrust, the required pressure drop is created due to a sharp change in temperature. In any case, part of the pipe will be located in the cold part of the room.
4. The number of risers in the house also determines the number of fan pipes. Therefore, when designing an autonomous sewage system, you should avoid significantly increasing the number of risers in the room.

At the design stage, you should pay quite a lot of attention to the fan pipes and their locations. Often the design of the house is related to how many exits there will be, since they will be located on the roof or attic floor.

In conclusion, we note that when carrying out installation work fan boner elements of an existing system should be replaced. This is due to the partial completion of installation work.

When it comes to installing (or replacing) sewer lines, errors in planning or installation can lead to unpleasant odors. To avoid this, it is necessary good ventilation sewer riser.

This is realized using a fan pipe.

What is a sewer drain pipe, and how does this system work?

Fan pipe - section of pipeline that connects the sewerage system to the atmosphere(goes up through the roof). It branches off from the sewer riser and goes up through the entire house.

At the top (on the roof) it is covered with a fungus (head, umbrella) - so that precipitation and debris do not fall from above.

The waste flows through the sewer pipe from top to bottom. If you open the drain at one point (for example, drain the water in the toilet), then the water will pass through the system without any problems. If at the same time water drains from several plumbing points (toilet, bathroom sink, bathtub, shower, washing machine), then the riser will be filled to its full diameter.

This will create a vacuum, which will “pull” water out of the water seals, causing an unpleasant odor to appear in the bathroom - if there is no drain pipe in the house.

If there is one, then air will be sucked in from the atmosphere through its hole, and the pressure in the system will equalize. Thanks to this, the plumbing seals remain in place and do not allow the smell to penetrate from the pipes into the room.

Another solution to the problem is . It can be installed instead of a drain pipe, or it can complement it.

More information about the operation of the sewer system (video)

Why is it needed: purpose and functions

Now let's look at why such a scheme is needed:

Removing gases that accumulate in the sewer system (they are removed upward through the pipe and released into the atmosphere).

Maintaining pressure in the sewer system (equalization at the time of draining large quantity water).

“Protection” of water seals (preventing them from being sucked in).

In general, the drain pipe ensures the normal operation of the sewer system.

Where is a vent pipe needed, and where can you do without it?

According to SNiP, in low-rise construction(in one-story and two-story private houses) the sewerage system does not necessarily have to have a drain pipe. The reason is that in such houses the volume of simultaneously drained wastewater is small, and it can completely block the diameter of the sewer riser in rare cases.

In a private house, there is a need for such a ventilation duct if:

the house has two or more residential floors, and both (or more) floors have a bath and toilet;

the house will have 2 or more bathrooms that can be used simultaneously;

the house has a swimming pool (or any other source of a large amount of waste, for example a jacuzzi);

the diameter of the sewer riser is small (less than 100-110 mm);

There is a septic tank (cesspool) located near the house.

If you are building a house of 1-2 floors, in which there will be 1 toilet and a bathtub (sink, shower), you can do without a ventilated riser, or limit yourself to installing a sewer valve. This is true for dachas and small cottages.

Is a drain pipe needed in an apartment in a multi-storey building? Yes, it is needed, and it is always available. The reason is that in apartment buildings the volume of wastewater is always large (especially during the hours when people are in the apartment: in the evening, early in the morning, on weekends).

How to choose the right fan pipe?

Before installing a riser or replacing it with a new one, you must select the right pipe. An incorrect choice may result in system malfunction.

The main parameters when choosing are:

1. Length (you need to know what the full line height should be).

   Material.

What should the diameter of the drain pipe be?

The diameter of the drain riser is the main characteristic that must be taken into account when choosing and designing a system (especially in Khrushchev, since in apartment buildings there is a large number of drains).

The basic rule for choosing a size: minimum diameter must be no less than the cross-section of the sewer riser(if the riser has a diameter of 250 mm, then the drain pipe should have the same size).

Common sizes during construction are single- and two-story cottages are pipes with a cross section of 50-90-100 mm. This is enough if the house has:

sewer riser with a diameter of 100 mm;

sink (kitchen sink) with a 50 mm drain pipe;

shower drain;

washing machine.

Selection by material

To lay a sewer riser, pipes made from the following materials are usually used:

PVC. Plastic products easier and faster to install, cheaper in cost. Plastic is gradually replacing cast iron - new systems are usually made from this material.

Metal (cast iron). Cast iron pipe is an outdated solution for sewer systems. Cast iron is strong and durable, but it is much more difficult to work with: cast iron products weigh a lot, they are more difficult to cut and connect, and during operation they become dirty faster.

If necessary (if the system or its individual sections are being repaired or replaced)You can connect plastic and cast iron pipes. Insertion into each other is carried out using special adapters (cuff).

How to check if there is a drain pipe in the house?

If you are not building a house, but buying a ready-made building, it is advisable to find out whether it has a vent riser.

To do this, you need to flush the toilet and listen to sounds from the sink or bathroom. If you hear a squelching suction sound, the pipe is either missing altogether or is clogged and requires cleaning.

Installation rules

To correctly install the fan riser, you must comply with the following requirements:

The outlet of the riser should not go into the attic, but into the street. If sewer gases escape into the attic, it will smell bad and the humidity will increase (which will lead to mold).

The diameter of the drain riser must be no less than the diameter of the sewer riser. More is acceptable, but not required.

The pipe outlet should not be located close to a wall or near other structures (windows, balconies). Otherwise, stains from gas emissions may appear on the wall, and an unpleasant odor will be felt in the rooms near the outlet.

The outlet should not go under the roof overhang, otherwise in winter the pipe may be damaged (due to ice or melted snow).

For private houses, it is enough to use 1 vent riser. Lines from all plumbing points must be cut into it using tees, crosses and adapters.

There must be a temperature difference between the lower and upper points of the pipelines (it’s warm at the bottom, cold at the top).

The fan riser can be laid in the ventilation shaft, in one box. However, it should not be connected to ventilation ducts leading to residential premises and chimneys (according to SNiP).

It is permissible to connect several sewer pipes to one drain riser.

Installation rules (video)

Types of scheme

According to the “direction” of the output, there are 2 options for laying:

Horizontal - whenthe pipe does not exit through the roof, but through the wall. The method is relatively rare and can only be used in private construction, in cases where for some reason the output cannot be made through the roof. In this case, a grille is installed on the hole, not a deflector.

IN vertically - the most common option: the riser is led up through the roof.

Vertical passage, in turn, is divided into 3 more subtypes:

An outlet with a slope of 90 degrees: a branch is made from the riser at a right angle, from which there is then another branch, and from this there is a straight section extending above the roof.

An exit with a slope of 45 degrees: a branch is made from the riser at an angle of 45 degrees, another branch is made from it, and from this there is a straight section extending above the roof.

Vertical outlet: The riser simply continues until it exits above the roof.

The exhaust pipe exits through the roof: how is it done and what height should it be?

U The fan riser section, located outside, above the roof, must meet certain requirements:

The height above the roofing material of the roof in use must be at least 3 meters.

The height above a flat roof that is not in use must be at least 30 cm.

The height above the pitched roof must be at least 50 cm.

Horizontal distance between terminalpipes and the nearest window (balcony) must be at least 4 meters.

The outlet should be covered by a deflector on top. It is needed to prevent debris, insects, birds, and precipitation from getting inside.

If it is possible to draw a line through the pediment, it is better to implement this option rather than passing through the roof. In this way, you can save yourself from troublesome work with roofing material and further sealing.

How is the output through the roof made? (video)

Installation errors

The installation of a ventilation riser for a sewer system may be carried out with errors. Of the most common:

Dismantling the riser (intentionally or unknowingly) in apartments (multi-storey buildings).

Output under the roof overhang.

Using pipes different diameters when creating a sewer system.

Output of the riser to the attic.

Mounting the riser external wall the buildings.

Do you need soundproofing for a drain pipe?

Soundproofing needed if the pipe passes through living rooms. In this case, the noise of water and air will be heard in the premises. The pipeline itself will also make noise due to vibration and resonance.

Sound insulation of areas passing through non-residential premises- not required.If the riser is laid inwall, and the thickness of the partition is small - then at the construction (repair) stage it is recommended to perform at least “light” sound insulation.

IN Ideally, the issue of sound insulation should be resolved at the design and construction stage of the building. The riser needs to be “hidden” in a separate box (shaft), or planned so that it does not pass through the living quarters.It is also recommended to use special “silent” pipes(thick-walled polypropylene products).

The soundproofing process itselfcarried out using “shells” or roll insulators that are wound onto the pipeline. The thicker the layer, the more effective the insulation will be.

A healthy microclimate in the house consists of several factors. It would be a mistake to think that it depends only on the presence or absence of air conditioning and a properly installed ventilation system. The most important component of the fresh atmosphere of a home is a properly installed exhaust pipe. It successfully copes with odors emerging from the sewer. The presence and normal functioning of the structure guarantees the absence of the “aroma” of sewage and loud unpleasant sounds in the house when draining water.

Operating principle of a fan pipe

This device is designed to provide ventilation to the waste system. It connects the structure of sewer pipes with the atmosphere or with a specially installed ventilation duct. The shape and length of the device can be arbitrary. You can find straight, bent at an angle, vertical and horizontal parts.

When installing a sewer system, most often a drain pipe is installed - a ventilated riser. The operation of the device prevents the smell of sewage from entering the apartment

The principle of operation of the fan pipe is quite simple. Wastewater discharged into a vertical riser creates a vacuum in the pipeline. It can be partially compensated for by water in the siphons of plumbing equipment. But with a powerful drain or a high riser height, the vacuum formed in the sewer pipe, with a characteristic “slurping” sound, breaks the water seals of the equipment, draining the siphons. In this case, there are no obstacles to the smell from the sewer.

In systems equipped with a drain pipe, everything happens a little differently. The vacuum created in the sewer pipeline does not have time to “suck” water out of the siphons. This is prevented atmospheric air, which begins to be sucked into the system simultaneously with the appearance of a vacuum in it. Thus, the water seals in the plumbing equipment remain in place and successfully prevent unpleasant sewer odors from entering the apartment.

In what cases is it necessary to install ventilation?

According to the standards, a sewer pipe must be installed in the following cases:

• The building has more than two residential floors, each of which is equipped with a sewerage and water supply system.
• A one-story building is equipped with a swimming pool or has other devices that can produce one-time wastewater of a significant volume.
• The sewer risers in the building have a diameter of 50 mm.

Low-rise buildings are usually erected without installing ventilation. However, it must be taken into account that this is only advisable for small one-time flows. Determining their level is quite easy. Installation of the device will be considered necessary if the flow of wastewater can completely block the vertical riser.

The most common situation: the toilet is most often installed on a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, a hole cistern has a cross-section of 70 mm and a pipeline with a diameter of 50 mm extends from the bath.

IN multi-storey buildings, where water supply and sewerage are supplied to each apartment, installation of a drain pipe is necessary. The riser is brought to the roof

It becomes clear that the simultaneous operation of one bath and one toilet will not create problems. Even if a dishwasher or washing machine and sink are connected to the sewer, they will not be able to significantly increase the volume of one-time drainage. Therefore, ventilation in in this case mounted as desired. But if the house has several bathrooms and toilet rooms, it becomes impossible to do without equipment.

Ventilation must be installed not only in engineering systems, but throughout the house. How to do this correctly, you will learn from our article:.

Features of installation

The installation of such a riser can be done independently. First of all, for this you will need to purchase suitable pipes. You need to understand that the structure is a direct continuation of the sewer pipeline, so the pipes from which the main system is assembled are quite suitable for it.

It should be ensured that the cross-section of the element being installed coincides with the sewer hole or is slightly larger. Practice shows that the optimal diameter of the drain pipe is 110 mm.

To ensure the pressure and temperature difference necessary to create draft, it is recommended to choose a place in a heated room for the initial section of the riser. The final section, on the contrary, should be placed in a cold place. It should be open place, then the draft created in the pipe will freely release unpleasant odors into the atmosphere. The actual installation of the device is extremely simple: the structure is installed in a pre-prepared ventilation duct.

There are two almost equivalent options for properly arranging a vent pipe: bringing the ventilation riser to the roof and installing check valve

Check valve system

The equipment put into place can be equipped with a special system called. It makes it possible normal functioning without connecting the ventilation riser to the roof. In addition, the device is necessary for:

• Correction of insufficient slope of a sewer pipe.
• Preventing mechanical impurities and rodents from entering the system.
• Obstacles to the return of wastewater to plumbing fixtures.

The check valve on the drain pipe must be installed without the use of all kinds of coatings and silicone. The surface must be clean and dry

Depending on the type of check valve, it can be installed outside or inside the element. The device is directed towards the movement of the drains; its elements, made in the form of petals, must be curved towards the plumbing fixture. Internal installation involves thorough cleaning and subsequent degreasing of the inner surface of the pipe where the insert will subsequently be installed. Experts strongly do not recommend using various lubricants during installation, including silicone lubricants designed specifically for sewage systems. All installation work is carried out only on dry surfaces.

Ventilation riser for sewerage

Traditionally top part The fan pipe is led to the roof in the form of a ventilation riser. According to the recommendations of construction SNiPs, the height of the structure should be at least 0.5 m per pitched roof, 0.3 m - on a flat, unused surface and 3 m on a used roof. In this case, the minimum horizontal distance from the riser to the opening balconies or windows must be at least 4 m. Combining the outlet of the fan pipe with stove chimneys or ventilation is strictly prohibited.

If there are several sewer risers in the house at once, they can be connected by one exhaust part. In this case, the cross-section of the pipe chosen for its installation should be equal to or greater than the diameter of the risers themselves. For most buildings, the diameter of the single exhaust part will be 110 mm. The combined exhaust elements are laid with a slight slope, about 0.02%, directed towards the movement of gases.

It is strongly not recommended to place the device in the attic. It is also prohibited to install the exhaust pipe outlet directly under the roof overhang, since snow falling and sliding from the roof can easily damage it. All kinds of additional structures for the hood, such as weather vanes or deflectors installed at the outlet of the sewer riser, will not give the expected effect. On the contrary, according to experts, they provoke the appearance of condensation in the system, which can lead to blocking of the outlet openings if it freezes.

You will also find useful material about which pipes to choose for sewer ventilation, and what factors need to be taken into account when designing:

It is possible for sewerage to operate without ventilation. But will the owner of a home where such a system is installed agree to get used to the constant smell of sewage? Proper installation of a fan structure will easily solve an unpleasant problem, especially since you can do it yourself. After carefully reading the instructions, you can safely get down to business. As a result, the house will not only shine with cleanliness, but also smell like it.