What do you need to build a high-quality attic roof with your own hands? Step-by-step instructions for building a sloping attic roof with your own hands Construction of a sloping attic roof.

If you want to maximize the usable space of your home without spending exorbitant amounts of money, you should definitely consider attic projects. The experience of developers suggests that this the best way economy class housing layouts, because one square meter of living space in it costs several times less than in two-story buildings. There is a misconception that the attic is only suitable for seasonal use in the warm season.

However, it is erroneous, since a high-quality insulated sloping attic roof perfectly retains heat in winter, its temperature regime no less comfortable than in heated rooms on the first floor.

Even without additional thermal insulation the attic is a kind of “air cushion” that preserves optimal temperature inside the house.

A broken mansard roof is considered a technically complex structure, and it is advisable to entrust its construction to a professional team. However, a person who is familiar with roofing work using the example of a traditional gable roof is quite capable of mastering its construction with his own hands, with the help of two auxiliary workers and assistants. The main thing is to understand that this is a process that requires a serious approach, which it would be reckless to start without preliminary calculations.

Types of mansard roofs

An attic is a heated or cold space under the roof that is used as living space. According to building regulations, in the attic room it is necessary to equip windows for natural light and ceilings of sufficient height for a person.

Rooms under the roof in which these conditions are not met are called attics. The following types of roofs are suitable for installing an attic:

broken roof

Installation of an attic roof suitable for living requires mandatory thermal insulation, organization of natural lighting using attic or vertical windows and forced ventilation.

Advantages of a broken structure

Of course, you can even equip an attic by building an ordinary triangular roof with your own hands. But due to the steepness of the slopes, for the ceiling to work, the height of such a roof must be very large. This is not economical, and also impractical, because a roof with a variable pitch angle allows you to use the available space more efficiently.

A flatter top makes the ceilings appear higher. According to building codes, if the distance from the floor to the ridge connection is less than 2.5-2.7 meters, the room is not considered residential, it cannot be called an attic, it is rather just an attic. Design sloping roof has the following advantages:

• Possibility of installing higher ceilings.
• High level of protection from precipitation and wind.
• Light snow falling off the slopes.
• Helps conserve heat.
• Rational use of under-roof space.

Construction stages

Creating a Project

When drawing up a project for a broken mansard roof for construction with your own hands, it is better to draw up drawings with different projections, which will comprehensively show the location of its elements. Based on the length and width of the house, you need to decide on the dimensions attic room, as well as roofs. First of all, the geometry of the slopes is built:

In order for the project calculations to be correct, it is important to accurately take primary measurements, as well as maintain scale. Can make design easier computer programs, in which you just need to enter the dimensions of the building and the desired type of roof; they perform all the rest of the work automatically. If you have access to this software no, it’s better to use ready-made projects.

Calculation of the rafter system

Rafters are the main supporting elements of a sloping attic roof, a kind of its backbone. They are subjected to enormous loads, so special requirements are placed on them.

The choice of the cross-section of the rafter legs does not occur randomly, but in accordance with the installation pitch, the distance between the supports, and the values ​​of the wind and snow load. If the first three indicators can be easily determined from the drawing, then the last two require special explanation.

• The territory of Russia is divided into 8 zones with different snow loads. For each specific roof, this value is adjusted by the angle of inclination of its slopes. Since the slope of the slopes is different, two indicators are calculated, respectively, the upper and lower rafters may have different sections.
• There is also zoning based on wind load, which also includes 8 zones. Using a coefficient that takes into account the height of the building, amendments are made to the table value of this indicator.
• The values ​​of these two indicators are summed to determine the total load. Numbers should be rounded to big side to provide a small margin of safety. Based on them, using lookup tables, they determine required section boards

Mauerlat installation

The beginning of work on equipping a sloping mansard roof is the installation of a mauerlat, a strong beam measuring 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. It is fixed to the end of the side external walls.

Its main task is to distribute the weight of the roof structure, transfer it to the foundation, and also protect the slopes from tipping over. The Mauerlat is laid along the top of the wall over pre-laid waterproofing, which is used as roofing material folded in half or several layers of a special film.

Fastening is carried out using metal pins; they must be placed in concrete screed. If we're talking about and roof reconstruction with your own hands, it is mounted anchor bolts to the wall to a depth of 15-17 cm.

For timber and log houses, wooden dowels are used. Please note that installation is flush.

Assembling the rafter system

Assembly rafter system of a sloping mansard roof occurs in the following order:

Completing the above points forms one roof truss. The rest are installed in the same way in increments of 60-120 cm.

Waterproofing and roofing works

When the DIY installation work is completed, you need to organize its waterproofing. To do this, you need a waterproofing film or membrane, which is usually produced in the form of a roll.

Fasteners are selected depending on the type of material. For tiles, galvanized self-tapping screws with rubber heads are used, which, during the tightening process, are deformed in such a way that they waterproof the hole.

In order to speed up the process, you can use a screwdriver. Shinglas or ondulin are fixed with nails 100 mm long. After completion of the roofing work, the gables and overhangs of the attic sloping roof are designed.

To summarize, we can say that a broken mansard roof will help you expand the area of ​​your house with your own hands. You can build it with your own hands, however, this will require special skills and costs, which will undoubtedly pay for themselves.

Video instruction

The attic is that room in your home that can carry a wide variety of functional loads: from a workshop and office, to a bedroom and living room. Arranging an attic will cost you much less than a full second floor. And the technology for its construction is more accessible.
In this article we will look at the types of attics, as well as the stages of constructing an attic with your own hands.

The attic is a room limited from below by an interfloor ceiling, and from above and on the sides by roof slopes. Depending on the shape of the attic slopes, there can be:

• single-level symmetrical with a gable roof (a, b);
• single-level symmetrical with a sloping roof (c);
• single-level asymmetrical (d);
• two-level asymmetrical (d).

Rafter structures for mansard roofs

If it is not there, or the distance of the wall from the edge of the attic is more than 7 m, rafters are installed hanging type. They are composed of the upper part of the roof slope, and are limited at the bottom ceiling beams attics.
Installation of the rafter system is the first stage in the construction of the attic. Therefore, before starting its installation, you should calculate and take into account all the subtleties of this construction. For example, the possibility of arranging attic floor instead of an existing attic space, will depend on the quality of the underlying surface, the type of foundation and its load-bearing capacity, as well as the condition of the entire building as a whole.

However, first you need to become familiar with the terminology presented on the construction drawings.

Stages of construction of a rafter frame

First, the top beam is laid, which can have a cross-section of 0.1x0.1 m, or better yet 0.15x0.15 m. It is attached to the racks with special nails, iron staples or self-tapping screws. This block is a rafter frame.

1. We install the Mauerlat. It is this element that is the “foundation” of the entire roof. It prevents the roof from tipping over in strong gusty winds, and also transfers the load from the attic to the load-bearing walls of the house. To install the Mauerlat, use: boards (thickness of at least 5 cm) and beams (with minimum cross-section 10x15 cm). The beams are laid out around the perimeter of the entire roof and attached to the wall long screws or metal staples (or better yet, both at the same time). Another method of attaching the Mauerlat to the wall would not be amiss - using thick wire, which is mounted in advance into the top row of the brickwork of the wall. Remember that the stronger you tie the mauerlat and the wall, the stronger the entire attic structure will be. And one more thing: it is necessary to lay a layer of waterproofing under the Mauerlat bars, and treat the boards or bars themselves with an antiseptic and waterproofing impregnation.
2. , which are most often purchased ready-made (although you can make them yourself if you wish). Before installing these structural elements, it is necessary to put marks on the Mauerlat that will indicate the location of the leg attachment (the accepted distance between the legs is 15 cm). Applying marks will simplify and speed up this stage.
3. We lay the edge rafters to the gable. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that the edge of the front and the top of the rafters should be in one line. In addition, pay attention to the quality of the board used for the rafters: it should be without any defects (normally no more than 3 flaws per 1 m), thickness - about 4 cm, width - about 15 cm. After the edge rafters are installed, they are connected by a level rope, along which all the others are mounted rafter legs.
4. It's time to unite all the strops together. This is done at the top point of all rafters using a purlin. Then the ridge beam is installed, which, in principle, is not mandatory element frame (it is erected when the roof is longer than 7 m).
5. Do not forget that during the construction stage truss structure need to be mortgaged window frames under skylights.
   
6. If the roof is below 7 m, then guy wires are installed in the upper part of the rafters, which perform a dual function: they serve as ceiling beams for the future attic and strengthen the frame mansard roof.

The rafter system is ready. All that remains is to make the lathing, secure the hydrobarrier material, lay a layer insulation material, as well as roofing. Mansard roof ready. Let's get started internal work, which we will discuss below.

The importance of insulating attic roofs is undeniable, because... the walls of the attic space are integral with the attic roof, or are as close to it as possible. Because of this, the attic room freezes faster in winter and heats up significantly in summer.

Mineral wool is laid in the space between the rafters. In this regard, the base sheets of insulation are cut to fit the size of the gaps between the rafters. Sheets of mineral wool are laid on a pre-laid layer of vapor barrier, and a layer of hydro-vapor barrier is attached on top of the sheets. In this multi-layer structure, air gaps are formed, located between the layers of vapor barrier-mineral wool and mineral wool - hydro-vapor barrier. These air channels will subsequently contribute to the ventilation of the entire structure, and therefore they must be opened open in the ridge area. This will improve the quality of insulation.

When insulating an attic, remember that the microclimate of the attic space and the comfort of your stay there will depend on the quality of insulation and the presence of ventilation.

More and more people are resorting to self-construction Houses.

There are many reasons for this, and everyone is guided by their own motives.

But the main thing is savings, of course, subject to knowledge of the matter.

Building your own home should be a mandatory attribute of success for every man.

Investing your savings in real estate is the best thing to do. The house will last for decades and its value will only increase over time.

Of course, a lot depends on the design of both the internal and external parts of a residential building.

For high-quality construction, you will need to study the technology of constructing a mansard roof. Another important skill is knowledge of carpentry. Or you can study the instructions yourself, which describe in detail the entire project of work. You should also pay attention to the fact that there are different.

When starting construction, you need to ask yourself the following questions::

• What are the best materials to use when building a mansard roof?
• How many stages of work remain to be completed?
• How many people will be needed to help with the construction?
• What kind of attic do you want to build?

It is best to plan the construction of an attic, installing a gable roof with a broken line, so you can get the largest area of ​​​​the future room.

Before starting any construction, it should be developed. When working through it, take the numbers indicated in the calculations seriously; even the slightest mistake can lead to future damage to both the roof itself and the walls of the house.

So how to make a mansard roof? This article will help you answer this question.

• For soft roofs, solid;
• Discharged for slate.

Naturally exist certain rules installations soft roof , here they are:

• If the pitched angle of the roof is located in the range from 5 to 10°, then the roof has the appearance of a continuous flooring, special waterproof plywood or boards are used;
• When the inclined roof angle is between 10 and 15°, in this case the roof is made of timber with dimensions of 45×50 millimeters and with a pitch of 45 cm;
• If the inclined angle is greater than 15° for the sheathing timber 45×50 mm is used, but in increments of 600 mm;
• For the skate attachment area install additional beam.

Lathing for soft roofing

Installation of the Mauerlat and rafter system

The Mauerlat is laid after work has been done to level the attic and place the flooring.

Thanks to the placement of the Mauerlat around the perimeter of the attic all oblique angles can be corrected.

The material used is timber. The thickness is selected according to the edge of the walls.

When you lay the Mauerlat under the side of the cornice, you should be especially careful.

Make sure the structure is non-thrust, because to put additional elements it is forbidden. You will have to dismantle part of the outer masonry of the wall and raise the inner part of the wall.

Mauerlat installation

Installation of insulation

Insulate attic space necessary if you are going to settle it. First of all, it is worth deciding on the material used as a material. The best solution there will be special basalt slabs.

The insulation density is needed at least 30-40 km per cubic meter, otherwise its subsidence in the future is inevitable. And the thickness is 150 mm. A special film is also installed in the roof to protect it from getting wet.

Step-by-step installation of insulation

Installation of lathing and counter-lattice

After the base has been installed, it is necessary to install to strengthen the structure. This is necessary if the inclined angle is large.

The counter-lattice is installed from small beams, which are placed on top of the main sheathing, already laid on the waterproofing layer. When installing a counter-lattice, a ventilation space is created between the roof and the base, which increases the service life.

Installation of sheathing

Installation of waterproofing and vapor barrier

A do-it-yourself broken roof requires installation of waterproofing. To protect the roof from moisture penetration between the roof and the base a special layer of roofing material or film is laid. The counter-grid helps better ventilation to get rid of the vaporization effect.

The most common evaporation protection system is a three-layer structure - a hydrobarrier.

1. Reinforced grating. It is woven from polyethylene fibers.
2. Anti-condensation or porosity barrier.

Waterproofing is installed on rafters or sheathing.

Installation of waterproofing

Types of roofing materials and their installation

The market offers a large selection of roofing materials to suit every taste. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Any builder first of all looks at the cost of the roof, then at its quality and service life.

Roofing material

Conclusion

The construction of an attic roof requires special diligence and painstaking work if you want to get a high-quality and final result. You will have to invest a lot of effort, not only physical, but also moral.

It will take a smart approach to the work so that it is completed without problems. Encountering a number of obstacles, most owners turn to hired workers for help. But on the other hand, what could bring more pleasure than not doing quality work with your own hands.

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to assemble a mansard roof:

In contact with

Modern people try to make the most of the space in their home. Therefore, the proposal to arrange additional space under the roof is always met with enthusiasm. It is much easier to plan the construction of an attic at the stage of building a house, but you can make an additional superstructure over an old building.

How to make an attic on an old house

The presence of an attic not only increases the living space, but also gives the building a colorful look.

Attic turns Vacation home to a fairytale building

An old house can be updated by building an extension in accordance with existing codes.

The attic superstructure begins with calculating the strength of the old house

First you need to decide: can the attic floor and new roof existing foundation and walls. If they have a sufficient margin of safety, then you can begin to remodel the house. Otherwise, they should be strengthened.

Old brick walls sometimes they seem durable, but with additional load over time, cracks may appear in the solution. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately examine their condition, and, if necessary, tie them with a rigid belt. This is done as follows:

• metal pillars with a cross section of 10x10 cm are inserted into the foundation with their lower edge, and connected with the armored belt of the first floor with their upper edge. Installed around the perimeter of the house every 2 meters;
• metal reinforcement with a cross-section of 12 mm is laid in grooves and tied around the walls of the house: from the bottom of the window every 2 meters upward;
• A metal mesh with a mesh size of 2x2 cm is laid over the reinforcement, which is covered with plaster after all work is completed.

The foundation is strengthened by tying it with a reinforcing belt on all sides.

If the old foundation cannot support the attic, then it must be sheathed with reinforcement

Having decided on the strengthening of the building, you can proceed to choosing a project for the future superstructure. It should look harmonious against the background of other buildings and match the style of the entire house.

The calculation of the dimensions of the internal upper room and necessary materials for construction

There are several types of attics:

• single-level with a gable roof - low ceilings with a small living space;

  A single-level attic with a gable roof is the simplest type of superstructure for small buildings

• single-level with a sloping gable roof - increased internal space, but serious costs of money and time for construction;

  A one-level attic with a sloping gable roof is usually built on a brick house

• single-level with cantilever extensions - complex design, allowing you to get even more space, since the attic frame extends beyond the building, and the windows are installed vertically;

  A one-level attic with cantilevered extensions allows you to get a lot internal space by increasing the upper structure

• multi-level with mixed roof support - used in the construction of a new house, built only by specialists.

  A multi-level attic with mixed roof support is usually not installed on old houses due to the complexity and large volume of work

Video: converting half of an old roof into an attic - an easy way

Remodeling the roof into an attic - comparatively cheap way increasing living space. A private house usually has a pitched roof, so you can make an additional spacious and bright room with your own hands.

Internal wood lining makes the attic warm and bright

And if the house is large enough in length, then the attic can turn into a real floor: with several rooms and even a balcony.

A large attic allows you to divide the area into different living areas

Advantages of creating an attic:

• the possibility of installing one or more new living rooms;

  Attic with low ceilings under a gable roof it is most convenient to arrange low sun loungers

• low costs compared to the construction of a full floor or side extension to the house;
• update appearance building;

  A house with an attic under construction always attracts the attention of passers-by and makes them interested in the final result.

• opportunity to observe beautiful view from the attic window.

  A lot passes through the windows in the attic sunlight, illuminating the room all day

However, this solution also has certain disadvantages that must also be taken into account:

• the need to insulate and soundproof the ceiling and a new roof, install several double-glazed windows;
• the difficulty of providing additional heating and lighting in top part old house - will have to be combined with home wiring or use an autonomous connection;

  To heat the attic with access to the balcony, you can use a stove-stove

• planning part of the home space for a staircase leading to the attic;

  The staircase leading to the attic must be fenced for safety

• the need to purchase special furniture for a sloping roof or purchase squat models: low cabinets, sofas and tables.

  Low furniture is best suited for attic interiors

The presence of sloping walls makes the room unusual and romantic, but with this decision you will have to take a more responsible approach to design development. You can make furniture for the inclined superstructure yourself or assemble a single set from existing multi-level models, painting everything in the same color.

You can make furniture that follows the slope of the attic yourself

So, the main disadvantage of converting an attic space into a loft is that it requires an investment, but it is worth it.

Building an attic will cost much less than creating an additional floor, regardless of what materials are used to build the walls. After all, to create them you will need basic material, insulation and finishing, while for an attic superstructure you only need roofing insulation and a new rafter system.

The superstructure is made of symmetrical or asymmetrical shape. Internal walls are designed both inclined and vertical.

Having studied the schemes of single-level attics with different types roofs, it is easier to make a choice when planning

Converting an attic into an attic does not require dismantling all existing structures. But you need to make sure that the ceiling is reliable: check its condition, reinforce it with wooden or metal beams, cover with new boards. Then it will be able to withstand the weight of furniture and people.

For frequent climbs to the attic you will need to do comfortable staircase, provide for the installation of ventilation, natural and artificial lighting, perform interior decoration - all this will allow you to create a cozy and comfortable room.

Superstructure with a sloping roof, decorated in light colors, visually increases the space, and color spots add brightness to the interior

When constructing an attic floor, the following conditions must be met:

• the rafters are made of laminated timber with a thickness of at least 250 mm, so that the required amount of insulation can be laid;
• Foamed polystyrene is used for insulation due to its low weight and high thermal insulation characteristics;
• a gap is left between the thermal insulation and the roofing material to ensure natural ventilation;
• A hydro- and sound-proofing layer must be laid.

Converting the roof into an attic with your own hands

During the construction of a house, there is usually a lack of funds, so many people refuse to build a second floor. Or another situation may arise when an old one-story house small area. In both cases, there is an affordable option for increasing living space - rebuilding the attic space into an attic with your own hands.

Creating a Project

Before starting work, you need to draw up a plan and develop a project with accurate drawings. Correct calculation will allow you to get a cozy, durable and reliable room. You can perform all the calculations yourself or entrust it to specialists.

You can draw a plan and develop a preliminary design yourself by studying different variants in the Internet

Strengthening the walls and foundation may be necessary if the rafters are completely replaced. If the roof is partially redone, then reinforcement may be necessary only for the ceiling. You also need to immediately decide what types of windows will be used in the attic: the reinforcement in the rafter system will depend on this.

The location of all windows in the attic roof must be thought out in advance and this data must be included in the project plan

Rafter system

Rafters can be layered or hanging. The first ones rely on interior walls houses or additional supports, and the second - on external walls.

In attics, layered and hanging rafters are used

Hanging rafters are best suited for the attic.

An attic with hanging rafters looks more beautiful and benefits in the size of the internal area

The attic usually occupies the entire space of the attic, and its walls are combined with external ones.

The best option for creating an attic is a layered rafter system

The rafter system consists of different load-bearing bars. To understand the structure of the entire structure and build it correctly, you need to understand the purpose and operation of its individual elements.

An image of individual elements of the rafter system helps to understand the structure of the entire structure

Refurbishment of premises

If the attic height is sufficient, there is no need to alter the rafter system. It is enough to inspect the old rafters, identify possible flaws and eliminate them.

If the rafter system is in good condition, you can start arranging the floor. Insulation is first laid between the joists, after which the surface is sheathed regular boards or sheets of OSB, chipboard.

The floor in the attic is insulated and covered with boards

Before laying the insulation, all necessary communications are installed between the rafters, and places are cut in the roof for installing windows. carried out before insulation.

All wires and pipes of communications must be placed in special corrugations

Care must be taken to create natural ventilation under-roof space through vents so that moisture does not accumulate inside the room.

Roof insulation

The roof must be insulated correctly and efficiently - the microclimate under the roof will depend on this. Typically, mineral wool, polystyrene foam or sprayed polyurethane foam are used as insulation.

A thick layer of heat insulation is tightly laid and fixed between the rafters so that there are no cracks or gaps left anywhere. Waterproofing is installed along the top of the roof - between the roof and the insulation - and then laid thermal insulation material from the side of the room. Then the inside of the insulation is covered with a vapor barrier film.

For better ventilation, a small distance is left between the roofing material and the insulation: this way air circulates through the holes in the eaves and ridge. If the roof is covered with corrugated sheets, then the gap thickness should be 25 mm, but if flat material, then you need to bring it to 50 mm.

When creating thermal insulation for an attic, the sequence of layers must be strictly observed.

When planning to climb to the attic, you need to take care of the convenience and safety of movement. Therefore, the staircase is usually installed inside the house. It is constructed from wood or metal: it can be either a screw or a marching structure.

The staircase to the attic may be different types and designs, which allows it to fit into any interior

An opening is cut in the ceiling of the first floor, which is reinforced along the perimeter with metal or wooden strapping.

The design of the stairs to the attic must be strong, reliable, safe and beautiful

Interior decoration

In most cases, plasterboard slabs are used for wall cladding, and the seams between them are plastered. Wallpaper is pasted on top or applied decorative plaster. Alternative option- lining or natural wood.

If some rafters protrude through the walls into the attic, then they can be designed as decorative elements and even use it as a horizontal bar for hanging a hammock, swing, chandelier and other devices.

Decorating the visible parts of the rafters in the interior of the attic is an interesting and creative matter.

Use heavy ones Decoration Materials in the attic is not recommended, as they increase the load on the walls, ceiling and foundation of the building.

There are many options interior decoration attic, but it is advisable to use only lightweight materials

To cover the floor, you can use laminate or linoleum, but it is better to avoid tiles or porcelain stoneware.

Installation of the roof of the attic floor

The roof of a residential superstructure must consist of the following layers (the order of arrangement is from the street to the internal space):

Video: why and how to properly lay layers on the attic roof

Calculations of an attic roof for a house

Determining the total weight of the roof

To calculate total weight roofing materials needed specific gravity one square meter of coverage multiplied by total area mansard roof. To obtain the weight of one square meter, you need to add up the specific gravity of all the materials that make up the roofing pie and multiply it by the safety factor (1.1).

If the thickness of the lathing is 25 mm, then its specific weight is 15 kg/m2, insulation 10 cm thick has a specific weight of 10 kg/m2, and the roofing material ondulin has a weight of 3 kg/m2. It turns out: (15+10+3)x1.1= 30.8 kg/m2.

According to existing standards, the floor load in a residential building should not exceed 50 kg/m2.

Determining the roof area

To calculate the surface of a sloping roof, you need to break it down into simple shapes (square, rectangle, trapezoid, etc.) and determine their area, and then add everything up. To define a surface gable roof you need to multiply the length by the width, multiply the resulting value by two.

Table: determining the area of ​​the attic roof

When calculating the angle of inclination, the climatic zone in which the house is located is taken into account, and that it is convenient to move in the attic at full height

It is also necessary to calculate the roof slope. Typically the angle is 45–60 degrees, but when determining it, one must take into account climate zone, in which the house is located, type of attic construction, snow and wind loads, architectural design of the house.

The greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the less will be the load on the rafter system, but the consumption of materials will increase.

Calculation of the rafter system

When choosing a rafter system, you can choose the following options:

• hanging rafters;
• inclined type;
• ridge run;
• combined design.

If the roof length is more than 4.5 m, then support purlins and struts can be used for reinforcement. If the length is more than 7 meters, a ridge beam is installed.

For wooden rafters timber with a thickness of at least 70 mm is used. Their installation step should be 50 cm.

Over a large area, it is better to attach a metal rafter system: due to the increase in the distance between the rafters, the absence of spacers and struts, the weight of such a structure will be less than that of a wooden one, and the strength will increase significantly.

If the attic area is large, then it is better to install metal rafters

Calculation of the required amount of materials

To carry out the calculation you need to know the following parameters:

• width, thickness and pitch of rafters;
• distance from the edge of the roof to the rafters;
• the size of the sheathing boards and the spacing between them;
• size, type of roofing material and overlap between its sheets;
• type of steam, hydro and heat insulating material.

The roof is divided into simple shapes and the required amount of each material is determined. Simple mathematical formulas are used for this.

The results obtained are converted into standard values: for wood - in Cubic Meters, for roofing materials, steam, hydro and thermal insulation - in square meters. And you can go to the store.

Common mistakes

Most often, when calculating independently, errors are obtained during the determination required quantity insulation. If climatic conditions severe, then its volume will have to be increased, otherwise it will not be possible to create it in the attic comfortable conditions accommodation. The insulation is installed on the floor of the house, gable walls and roof slopes. But the thickness of the insulation can be different everywhere.

Video: calculation of a mansard roof with diagrams and load

The attic floor allows for additional living space and gives a private home a modern, attractive appearance. It’s not difficult to create an attic with your own hands, you just need to correctly draw up a project, perform calculations and carry out high-quality installation of all materials. And the result will please the owners for a long time.

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The attic is an excellent opportunity to increase the total and usable area of ​​the house. It is installed in the attic and is quite suitable for living, provided that it is designed correctly. The rafter system of the attic roof, drawings of which can be found in this material, is the basis of the entire structure. And it is precisely this that needs to be given the closest attention when designing.

Mansard roof rafter system - drawings

An attic is a room located directly under the roof. Its facade is partially or completely formed by the roof surfaces (according to SNiP 2.08.01-89).

SNiP 2.08.01-89. Residential buildings. Downloadable file (click the link to open the PDF in a new window).

It is a full-fledged residential floor; there can be one or several rooms, depending on the design parameters.

On a note! The word "attic" comes from France. It was the French architect who, in 1630, came up with the idea of ​​usefully arranging attic spaces. And this man’s name was Francois Mansart - hence the name of this type of superstructure.

The peculiarity of attic roofs is not only the special design of the rafter system, but also the need for detailed consideration of other aspects - insulation, moisture and vapor barriers, etc. Since due to the attic, the load on the foundation and walls of the building itself usually increases, then predominantly all of it elements are built from lightweight materials. That is, it is recommended to use wood to create a rafter system; lightweight materials are used as insulation.

The attic can be of impressive size and occupy the entire area of ​​the building, but within its walls. Sometimes it is installed only on part of the floors, and then the rear ones are covered by a regular roof.

Very often, the attic is used in individual construction, because it is an opportunity to increase the living space of the house and make it warmer (heat loss through the roof is reduced by an average of 7-9%). And the costs of arranging an attic will be much less than building a full floor.

In general, building an attic is not very difficult and you can cope with the task yourself. The main thing is to correctly calculate wind, snow and other types of load.

Prices for timber

Types of attics

The design of the attic will directly depend on the shape of the roof that is intended to be installed. After all, part of the walls of this room will be formed by the roof slopes. Depending on this, there are several types of mansard roofs.

Perhaps the simplest option for arranging the roof itself and the attic floor. This roof has only one slope, which rests on the multi-level walls of the building. Thus, the slope angle is formed. By the way, it should not go beyond the strictly limited limits - 35-45 degrees (if the slope is less, then snow will constantly accumulate on the roof). winter time, which will significantly increase the load on the entire house and will cause the installation of additional supports in the already small attic). The rafter system here is extremely simple.

On a note! The rafter structure will not require additional supports if the distance between two walls located opposite each other does not exceed 4.5 m.

Such attic roofs look original, despite the simplicity of their design. Usually, from the side of the high wall of the attic, quite big window, which allows you to get a well-lit room.

Mansard roof with two slopes

This option is also relatively simple to implement and is therefore widely used. The main thing is that the height of the roof itself allows you to arrange a living space underneath it. The rafter system of this roof looks like a regular gable roof; it can be asymmetrical or symmetrical depending on the location of the ridge.

The gables are usually simple and straight, and the room inside will have the shape of a trapezoid or square (the latter option is only possible if the attic space is spacious enough). The height of the ceilings near the walls should not be more than 1.5 m; above that there is a sloping cone-shaped ceiling.

The main disadvantage of a gable roof in terms of arranging an attic is the loss of most of the free space. That is, the lion's share of the room is cut off by the roof slopes. Of course, this free space is usually used as a storage space, but this aspect has a very significant effect on the size of the attic.

Broken mansard roofs

In fact, this is also a kind of gable roof, but its slopes have, as it were, two parts located under different angles regarding floors. Due to this, you can get a fairly spacious attic floor, which will be equal in area to almost a full second floor (it will be only 15% smaller than the lower floor). The height from ceiling to floor will be the same throughout the attic and will be about 2.2-2.3 m.

Broken mansard roof - drawing

However, this design involves the construction of a rather complex rafter system. And not every novice master will be able to cope with this task. However, despite this, the sloping roof option is quite common.

Hip roofs, mansard roofs

Such a roof implies the creation of the complex type rafter system, requiring the most accurate and painstaking calculations. The surface of the roof itself will have a fairly large area, which is why you will have to spend a lot of money on other materials - insulation, hydro- and vapor barrier films, etc. But in general, the attic turns out to be quite spacious, although parts of the usable area are cut off .

But such a roof has maximum resistance to snow and wind loads. The overhangs can be quite large and will be ready to protect the walls of the building from the effects of precipitation. Such attic roofs look very attractive.

Attention! When settling in hipped roof It is important to take care of the need to strengthen the layered rafters - they are the ones that experience the maximum load.

Attic roof rafter system

When installing an attic roof, the rafter system can be made from elements of a layered or hanging type. In the first option, the rafters are installed so that they form a triangle with even edges. In this case, the support is carried out on the mauerlat fixed along the perimeter of the walls, on additional supports installed under the rafters, and the connection of two boards in the ridge area also serves as a support point.

When installing hanging type rafters, supports in the form of additional beams are not provided. They rest only on the walls of the house. Pulls may be used. In this case, the rafters themselves work in bending and compression.

Hanging and layered rafters - example drawing

Creating a rafter system when building an attic is a primary task. It is first important to correctly calculate it and take into account all the subtleties of its construction. To understand what will be discussed, you need to familiarize yourself with its main elements.

Table. Main details of the rafter system.

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Construction boards

Required calculations

In order to avoid mistakes when designing an attic, it is important to carry out a number of preliminary calculations. Depending on the chosen type of rafter system and type of roof, they may differ. The easiest way is to use a special program, but you can try to do all the calculations manually.

It is important to determine the area of ​​the final roof, the dimensions of the attic, and the width of the floors. The calculation is made based on the following data:

• length and width of the house;
• precipitation volumes in winter and summer period(this will help determine the required roof slope angle);
• the width of the joints between parts of the floors.

An example of calculating the pitch of rafters in the program "Rafters 1.1"

Let's consider an example of calculation: the length of the house is 12 m, the width is 3 m. The amount of precipitation in the area indicates that the required roof slope angle should be about 40 degrees. The calculation is made using the formula Hk = L x tgA, where Hk is the required height, L is ½ the width of the building, tgA is the tangent of the angle. Total: Nl = 3/2 x tg40 = 1.26. This means that the recommended roof height should be 1.26 m.

On a note! Most often, when installing mansard roofs, owners opt for broken rafter systems. The methodology for calculating parameters in this case can be found in SNiP 2.08.01-89 and TKP 45-5.05-146-2009.