Drawings of an attic roof. Step-by-step instructions for building a sloping mansard roof with your own hands Gable roof drawing

Modern people try to make the most of the space in their home. Therefore, the proposal to arrange additional space under the roof is always met with enthusiasm. It is much easier to plan the construction of an attic at the stage of building a house, but you can make an additional superstructure over an old building.

How to make an attic on an old house

The presence of an attic not only increases the living space, but also gives the building a colorful look.

Attic turns Vacation home to a fairytale building

An old house can be updated by building an extension in accordance with existing codes.

The attic addition begins with calculating the strength of the old house

First you need to decide whether the existing foundation and walls can withstand the load of the attic floor and the new roof. If they have a sufficient margin of safety, then you can begin to remodel the house. Otherwise, they should be strengthened.

Old brick walls sometimes they seem durable, but with additional load over time, cracks may appear in the solution. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately examine their condition, and, if necessary, tie them with a rigid belt. This is done as follows:

• metal pillars with a cross section of 10x10 cm are inserted into the foundation with their lower edge, and connected with the armored belt of the first floor with their upper edge. Installed around the perimeter of the house every 2 meters;
• metal reinforcement with a cross-section of 12 mm is laid in grooves and tied around the walls of the house: from the bottom of the window every 2 meters upward;
• spreads over the reinforcement metal grid with a cell size of 2x2 cm, which after completion of all work is covered with plaster.

The foundation is strengthened by tying it with a reinforcing belt on all sides.

If the old foundation cannot support the attic, then it must be sheathed with reinforcement

Having decided on the strengthening of the building, you can move on to choosing a project for the future superstructure. It should look harmonious against the background of other buildings and match the style of the entire house.

The calculation of the dimensions of the internal upper room and the necessary materials for construction will depend on the type of attic roof

There are several types of attics:

• single-level with a gable roof - low ceilings with a small living area;

  A single-level attic with a gable roof is the simplest type of superstructure for small buildings

• single-level with a sloping gable roof - increased internal space, but serious costs of money and time for construction;

  A one-level attic with a sloping gable roof is usually built on a brick house

• single-level with cantilever extensions - complex design, allowing you to get even more space, since the attic frame extends beyond the building, and the windows are installed vertically;

  A one-level attic with cantilevered extensions allows you to get a lot internal space by increasing the upper structure

• multi-level with mixed roof support - used in the construction of a new house, built only by specialists.

  A multi-level attic with mixed roof support is usually not installed on old houses due to the complexity and large volume of work

Video: converting half of an old roof into an attic - an easy way

Converting the roof into an attic is a relatively cheap way to increase living space. In a private house it is usually installed pitched roof, so you can make an additional spacious and bright room with your own hands.

Internal wood lining makes the attic warm and bright

And if the house is large enough in length, then the attic can turn into a real floor: with several rooms and even a balcony.

A large attic allows you to divide the area into different living areas

Advantages of creating an attic:

• the possibility of installing one or more new living rooms;

  Attic with low ceilings under a gable roof it is most convenient to arrange low sun loungers

• low costs compared to the construction of a full floor or side extension to the house;
• updating the external appearance of the building;

  A house with an attic under construction always attracts the attention of passers-by and makes them interested in the final result.

• opportunity to observe beautiful view from the attic window.

  A lot of sunlight comes through the windows in the attic, illuminating the room all day long.

However, this solution also has certain disadvantages that must also be taken into account:

• the need for insulation and soundproofing of the ceiling and a new roof, installation of several double-glazed windows;
• the difficulty of providing additional heating and lighting in top part old house - will have to be combined with home wiring or use an autonomous connection;

  To heat the attic with access to the balcony, you can use a stove-stove

• planning part of the home space for a staircase leading to the attic;

  The staircase leading to the attic must be fenced for safety

• the need to purchase special furniture for a sloping roof or purchase squat models: low cabinets, sofas and tables.

  Low furniture is best suited for attic interiors

The presence of sloping walls makes the room unusual and romantic, but with this decision you will have to take a more responsible approach to design development. You can make furniture for the inclined superstructure yourself or assemble a single set from existing multi-level models, painting everything in the same color.

You can make furniture that follows the slope of the attic yourself

So, the main disadvantage of converting an attic space into a loft is that it requires an investment, but it is worth it.

Building an attic will cost much less than creating an additional floor, regardless of what materials are used to build the walls. After all, to create them you will need basic material, insulation and finishing, while for an attic superstructure you only need roofing insulation and a new rafter system.

The superstructure is made of symmetrical or asymmetrical shape. Internal walls are designed both inclined and vertical.

Having studied the schemes of single-level attics with different types roofs, it is easier to make a choice when planning

Converting an attic into an attic does not require dismantling all existing structures. But you need to make sure that the ceiling is reliable: check its condition, reinforce it with wooden or metal beams, and cover it with new boards. Then it will be able to withstand the weight of furniture and people.

To frequently go up to the attic, you will need to make a convenient staircase, provide for the installation of ventilation, natural and artificial lighting, and carry out interior decoration - all this will allow you to create a cozy and comfortable room.

Superstructure with a sloping roof, decorated in light colors, visually increases the space, and color spots add brightness to the interior

When constructing an attic floor, the following conditions must be met:

• the rafters are made of laminated timber with a thickness of at least 250 mm, so that the required amount of insulation can be laid;
• Foamed polystyrene is used for insulation due to its low weight and high thermal insulation characteristics;
• a gap is left between the thermal insulation and the roofing material to ensure natural ventilation;
• A hydro- and sound-proofing layer must be laid.

Converting the roof into an attic with your own hands

During the construction of a house, there is usually a lack of funds, so many people refuse to build a second floor. Or another situation may arise when an old one-story house small area. In both cases there is affordable option increasing the living space - rebuilding the attic space into an attic with your own hands.

Creating a Project

Before starting work, you need to draw up a plan and develop a project with accurate drawings. Correct calculation will allow you to get a cozy, durable and reliable room. You can perform all the calculations yourself or entrust it to specialists.

You can draw a plan and develop a preliminary design yourself by studying different options on the Internet

Strengthening the walls and foundation may be necessary if the rafters are completely replaced. If the roof is partially redone, then reinforcement may be necessary only for the ceiling. You also need to immediately decide what types of windows will be used in the attic: the reinforcement in the rafter system will depend on this.

The location of all windows in the attic roof must be thought out in advance and this data must be included in the project plan

Rafter system

Rafters can be layered or hanging. The first ones rely on interior walls houses or additional supports, and the second - on external walls.

In attics, layered and hanging rafters are used

Hanging rafters are best suited for the attic.

An attic with hanging rafters looks more beautiful and benefits in the size of the internal area

The attic usually occupies the entire space of the attic, and its walls are combined with external ones.

The best option for creating an attic is a layered rafter system

The rafter system consists of different load-bearing beams. To understand the structure of the entire structure and build it correctly, you need to understand the purpose and operation of its individual elements.

Image of individual elements rafter system helps to understand the structure of the entire structure

Refurbishment of premises

If the attic height is sufficient, the rafter system does not need to be altered. It is enough to inspect the old rafters, identify possible flaws and eliminate them.

If the rafter system is in good condition, you can start arranging the floor. Insulation is first laid between the joists, after which the surface is sheathed with ordinary boards or sheets of OSB or chipboard.

The floor in the attic is insulated and covered with boards

Before laying the insulation, all necessary communications are installed between the rafters, and places are cut in the roof for installing windows. carried out before insulation.

All wires and pipes of communications must be placed in special corrugations

Care must be taken to create natural ventilation under-roof space through vents so that moisture does not accumulate inside the room.

Roof insulation

The roof must be insulated correctly and efficiently - the microclimate under the roof will depend on this. Typically, mineral wool, polystyrene foam or sprayed polyurethane foam are used as insulation.

A thick layer of heat insulation is tightly laid and fixed between the rafters so that there are no cracks or gaps left anywhere. Waterproofing is installed along the top of the roof - between the roof and the insulation - and then laid thermal insulation material from the side of the room. Then the inside of the insulation is covered with a vapor barrier film.

For better ventilation a small distance is left between the roofing material and the insulation: this way air circulates through the holes in the eaves and ridge. If the roof is covered with corrugated sheets, then the gap thickness should be 25 mm, but if flat material, then you need to bring it to 50 mm.

When creating thermal insulation for an attic, the sequence of layers must be strictly observed.

When planning to climb to the attic, you need to take care of the convenience and safety of movement. Therefore, the staircase is usually installed inside the house. It is constructed from wood or metal: it can be either a screw or a marching structure.

The staircase to the attic can be of different types and designs, which allows it to fit into any interior

An opening is cut in the ceiling of the first floor, which is reinforced along the perimeter with metal or wooden strapping.

The design of the stairs to the attic must be strong, reliable, safe and beautiful

Interior decoration

In most cases, plasterboard slabs are used for wall cladding, and the seams between them are plastered. Wallpaper is pasted on top or decorative plaster is applied. Alternative option- lining or natural wood.

If some rafters protrude through the walls into the attic, then they can be decorated as decorative elements and even used in the form of a horizontal bar for hanging a hammock, swing, chandelier and other devices.

Decorating the visible parts of the rafters in the interior of the attic is an interesting and creative matter.

It is not recommended to use heavy finishing materials in the attic, as they increase the load on the walls, ceiling and foundation of the building.

There are many options for interior decoration of the attic, but it is advisable to use only lightweight materials

To cover the floor, you can use laminate or linoleum, but it is better to avoid tiles or porcelain stoneware.

Installation of the roof of the attic floor

The roof of a residential superstructure must consist of the following layers (the order of arrangement is from the street to the internal space):

Video: why and how to properly lay layers on the attic roof

Calculations of an attic roof for a house

Determining the total weight of the roof

To calculate the total weight of roofing materials, you need to multiply the specific gravity of one square meter of roofing by total area mansard roof. To obtain the weight of one square meter, you need to add up the specific gravity of all the materials that make up the roofing pie and multiply it by the safety factor (1.1).

If the thickness of the lathing is 25 mm, then its specific weight is 15 kg/m2, insulation 10 cm thick has a specific weight of 10 kg/m2, and the roofing material ondulin has a weight of 3 kg/m2. It turns out: (15+10+3)x1.1= 30.8 kg/m2.

According to existing standards, the floor load in a residential building should not exceed 50 kg/m2.

Determining the roof area

To calculate the surface of a sloping roof, you need to break it down into simple shapes (square, rectangle, trapezoid, etc.) and determine their area, and then add everything up. To determine the surface of a gable roof, you need to multiply the length by the width, and multiply the resulting value by two.

Table: determining the area of ​​the attic roof

When calculating the angle of inclination, the climatic zone in which the house is located is taken into account, and that it is convenient to move in the attic at full height

It is also necessary to calculate the roof slope. Typically the angle is 45–60 degrees, but when determining it, one must take into account climate zone, in which the house is located, type of attic construction, snow and wind loads, architectural design of the house.

The greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the less will be the load on the rafter system, but the consumption of materials will increase.

Calculation of the rafter system

When choosing a rafter system, you can choose the following options:

• hanging rafters;
• inclined type;
• ridge run;
• combined design.

If the roof length is more than 4.5 m, then support purlins and struts can be used for reinforcement. If the length is more than 7 meters, a ridge beam is installed.

For wooden rafters, timber with a thickness of at least 70 mm is used. Their installation step should be 50 cm.

Over a large area, it is better to attach a metal rafter system: due to the increase in the distance between the rafters, the absence of spacers and struts, the weight of such a structure will be less than that of a wooden one, and the strength will increase significantly.

If the attic area is large, then it is better to install metal rafters

Calculation of the required amount of materials

To carry out the calculation you need to know the following parameters:

• width, thickness and pitch of rafters;
• distance from the edge of the roof to the rafters;
• the size of the sheathing boards and the pitch between them;
• size, type of roofing material and overlap between its sheets;
• type of steam, hydro and heat insulating material.

The roof is divided into simple shapes and the required amount of each material is determined. Simple mathematical formulas are used for this.

The results obtained are converted into standard values: for wood - in cubic meters, for roofing materials, steam, hydro and thermal insulation - in square meters. And you can go to the store.

Common mistakes

Most often, when doing independent calculations, errors occur when determining the required amount of insulation. If the climatic conditions are harsh, then its volume will have to be increased, otherwise it will not be possible to create in the attic comfortable conditions residence.

The insulation is installed on the floor of the house, gable walls and roof slopes. But the thickness of the insulation can be different everywhere.

Video: calculation of a mansard roof with diagrams and load

The attic floor allows for additional living space and gives a private home a modern, attractive appearance. It’s not difficult to create an attic with your own hands, you just need to correctly draw up a project, perform calculations and carry out high-quality installation of all materials. And the result will please the owners for a long time. The free space under the roof of the house can be converted into a residential attic. This is not only a rational option to turn attic space V, but also a great way to increase usable area. Converting an attic into a room today is not difficult. Fortunately, there are advanced technologies and modern materials for this. Often all work is carried out independently, taking into account the nuances of such a room. Arranging a free area under the roof is useful not only from an aesthetic point of view, but also from a functional one. When carrying out work on arranging the upper part of the house, the attic roof is additionally insulated.

Peculiarities

The popularity of houses with an attic is explained by the peculiarity of the architecture of the building. The attic itself received its name from its founder, the French architect Francois Mansarou, back in the 17th century. Since then, it has become convenient to use the top floors of buildings, although initially they were allocated for household needs, it was not a living or warm room.

Today it is quite possible, for example, to install an additional bathroom. But more often the room is modified into an additional bedroom, living room or game room for children. The attic will never be a living room in the traditional sense due to the broken roof and technical nuances. However, this does not prevent many from planning the construction of houses taking into account additional meters, just in case. Like any building, an attic room in a private house has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

It is worth mentioning the following main advantages of a functional room in a private house:

• no additional structures are required;
• the building can increase the area of ​​the house;
• no need to solve problems with sealing construction;
• you can play with the design of the external appearance of the building;
• even the two-level design is reliable;
• heat loss is reduced (especially in winter this is noticeable);
• In the process of arranging an attic, as a rule, major repairs are not required.

When assessing the quality of the building as a whole, it would be useful to recall the disadvantages of the attic:

• sometimes this is not an opportunity to increase space, but a clear “loss” of useful meters (mainly in old houses);
• problems may arise if there are sloping ceilings and walls;
• The hydro- and thermal insulation of the house leaves much to be desired (what can we say about the attic);
• Old roof windows sometimes cause a lot of problems.

The peculiarities of the attic floor often lie in the fact that this room itself (more often in modern houses) extends almost along the entire perimeter of the house. In this regard, it is often necessary to modify or supplement the facade of the house (parapets, niches, projections, decorative elements) in accordance with the technical features of the roof. In individual construction, the possibility of completing or altering the attic roof is provided.

Types of roof structures

Individual construction is characterized by the use various options roofing system.

Particular attention is paid to the construction of the attic roof, which differs in the main types of structures:

• single or gable (broken, gable);
• hip and half-hip.

The characteristic features for each type determine the possibility of arranging an attic.

Today, in addition to traditional ones, more modern forms are used:

• single-pitched mansard roof with a sloping area (mounted on load-bearing walls);
• a rigid gable mansard roof with a slope on opposite sides;
• sloping roof (installation of a gable roof option);
• a hip or half-hip roof with four slopes (the end slopes of a hip roof are shaped like beveled triangles (for a half-hip roof the gable area is protected);
• pyramidal (also called hipped) types of roofing, which are not widespread, are distinguished by their polygonal shapes.

The shape of the roof is not the only distinguishing feature of a modern mansard roof. What matters is the height of the building and the nature of the coating (corrugated sheeting, metal, you can make plastic tiles).

It is worth highlighting the universal distinctive features of the attic roof:

• this is not only the roof, but also the walls of the house;
• the maximum height of the building is not more than 2.5 m;
• possibility of installation metal-plastic windows with tempered glass;
• multilayer structure;
• The cost of an attic roof is ultimately more than a regular one.

Even when designing a house, you can choose the most suitable roof shape and, if necessary, lengthen rafter legs(distance from the walls is about 50-55 cm), calculate the loads and allocate places for windows.

Types and sizes

The highest point of the height of the under-roof space must be at least 2.5 m in order to consider this room an attic. Otherwise, it's already an attic. According to SNiP, you can set the minimum value from ceiling to floor.

Differences in types of attic roofing are determined by the following values:

• semi-attic - with a vertical wall height of less than 0.8 m;
• attic - with a wall height of 0.8 to 1.5 m;
• floor - with a wall height of over 1.5 m.

The width of the structure is another main component for determining the type of attic. Minimum standards in width - at least 80 cm. For a residential attic, this figure (width) increases to 2 m, especially if the width of the house itself is at least 4.8 m. As for the building area, this parameter can be set using a special formula. Calculations are carried out in accordance with building codes and regulations. The area of ​​an ordinary attic cannot be less than 16 square meters. m. The attic arrangement project covers all structural elements - roof slopes, supporting walls, pediments, rafters. The type and size of the attic space is fully taken into account.

In general, the work on arranging the attic looks like this:

1. the roof is checked;
2. lathing is performed (from wooden boards);
3. fastening of insulating materials is carried out;
4. the top of the rafter structure is strengthened;
5. stiffening ribs - roof rafters - are checked (replaced if necessary);
6. along the perimeter external walls beams are laid, they are connected to the rafter structure;
7. diagonal bevels (ties) are made to give strength to the attic roof;
8. supporting supports are strengthened.
9. A waterproofing layer and insulation are laid.

Calculation of usable area

When arranging the under-roof space, it is important to correctly calculate the area of ​​the attic space. The size, size, height of the attic, features of the angle of inclination have a close relationship in the calculations. Any redevelopment is carried out in accordance with SNiP standards. So, according to this provision, minimum height living space under the roof is 2.5 m. The slope of the roof affects the calculation of the height of the room. Thanks to design calculations, it is possible to reflect the real parameters of the upper floor of the house to obtain usable area.

When calculating the attic area, you can do it yourself, but the initial data will depend on the following parameters:

• slope level of 30 degrees (at the narrowest part of the slope the height is 1.5 m);
• slope level of 45 degrees (at the narrowest part of the slope the height is 1.1 m);
• slope level is 60 degrees or higher (at the narrowest part of the slope the height is 0.5 m).

To calculate the area of ​​the structure, the smallest height is taken a and is multiplied by 0.7 (reduction factor). Then, for the minimum level of attic walls with a slope of 30 degrees, an indicator of 1.2 m is obtained; from 45 to 60 degrees – 0.8 m; over 60 degrees – no restrictions. It's important to remember that successful project an attic with a modern roof requires accurate and careful calculations; for this you can use specially developed computer programs (a work diagram will appear before your eyes).

Design and materials

When choosing materials for attic construction, timber is traditionally chosen; aerated concrete is also actively used. But there are other options for building and finishing materials for construction, the main thing is that it is frame technology. The choice is made based on the type of structure and its size, taking into account the configuration of the roof and the slope of the walls. Best suited for attic frames wooden rafters, moreover, it is important that they are perfect - without cracks and knots, especially without signs of rotting.

As for the choice of aerated concrete, it is a fairly cheap and easy-to-install material. In addition, it is strong and durable. Aerated concrete blocks can be additionally processed with a special tool. However, due to the lime that is part of the material, aerated concrete cannot be classified as an environmentally friendly material. Instead, you can use corrugated sheets, foam blocks or sip panels. The advantages of foam blocks include a sufficient level of noise and heat insulation.

When arranging the under-roof space great importance has competent design and drawings. Modern mansard roofs are deservedly popular not only in dacha construction. More and more different options for small country houses with a furnished attic appears in our open spaces. The whole point is the rationality and economy of such a room. Arouse interest ready-made diagrams roofing structures that imply an attic in the classic form, although remodeling the space even in an old house is not always major. Most of the schemes are not very complicated, so the entire attic or balcony can be designed and completed with your own hands. There are separate schemes for ready-made structures, where beams and ceilings do not even change.

Design should be undertaken at the initial stage of construction or renovation. The attic floor is included in the house project. And the choice of roofing type largely determines how successful the building as a whole will be. The finished attic space can also be skillfully converted and equipped, turning it into a full-fledged functional room. Thanks to modern technologies and materials, today it is not a problem to design an attic floor in a finished house. The project can be selected according to the type of attic.

Forms

The room under the roof has a special role so that it can be used comfortably.

For this purpose, a number of requirements are imposed on the attic space:

• the shape of the attic should be as comfortable as possible;
• you need to pay attention to insulation;
• Room lighting is also important.

Proper planning will help to implement many useful ideas. The geometric shape of the attic has become a classic of the genre. Such a roof can be triangular or broken, with symmetrical or asymmetrical sides relative to the walls of the building. The floor itself can be located either on one side or along the entire width, even going slightly beyond the boundaries of the external walls. Some of these projects involve the installation of additional supporting structures, for example, in the form of columns or walls.

In general, roof structures can be designed as follows:

• in the form of a separate multi-level floor;
• a single floor with a two-level development;
• two-level floor with a mezzanine floor base.

Load-bearing walls of roof structures usually consist of two parts:

• vertical wall (the wall material for the structure can be used the same as for the construction of the lower floors);
• inclined wall (its frame is the rafter system, and the roof serves as the outer cladding).

The relationship between all these elements in the project depends on the design as a whole. The shape of the mansard roof gives the whole house a special look. Residential attic spaces may vary in roof shape.

Basically, it is customary to distinguish the following types:

• single-pitched roof (without sidewalls, with a single roof space);
• gable roof (a complicated design that allows you to design a comfortable attic floor, taking into account skylights);
• a sloping gable roof with a characteristic silhouette (the slopes can be curved inward or outward).

A competent project allows you to “free up” the necessary usable area. It can be increased by installing a vertical attic wall. It is worth considering that the useful area of ​​a hipped roof is smaller than a gable roof. This is due to the large number of bevels, which do not allow free design of the under-roof space. It is optimal to use a standard attic design.

Since the height of the attic floor is important, it affects the usable area. In addition, the type of room under the roof is distinguished by height. For the overall picture, it wouldn’t hurt to study the cross-sectional design of a typical attic structure.

Let's look at what it is.

1. If the height of the vertical wall of the under-roof room is more than 1.5 m, then this is already a full floor. In the center of the structure you can move freely without bending over. If the height of the attic wall is more than 2 m, we can talk about a functional room, which in terms of comfort will resemble a standard room.
2. If the attic has a single- or gable roof with a height of attic walls of about 0.8 m (maximum up to 1.5 m), then this design is characterized by increased functionality.
3. The presence of walls less than 0.8 m high (or if there are no vertical walls) may indicate an insufficiently functional room.

There are several ways to turn your attic into a functional room that is more convenient and efficient. The overall tone is also set by the interior of the under-roof room. Sometimes its arrangement may require extraordinary solutions, but it is better to follow well-known and proven rules in your work. Thus, the quality characteristics of the attic largely depend on the purpose of the room. For example, it is convenient to turn a small, narrow attic into an additional bedroom. The high attic allows you to arrange an entire guest floor under the roof. It is also important what kind of furniture will be in the room and, accordingly, you can build in a wardrobe or install a shelving unit.

It is important to comply with two general requirements:

• For large room the height of the walls to the floor from the ceiling is not less than 2.2 m;
• the height of the attic walls from the bed level is about 1.4 m.

Smart device the ceiling will improve the proportions of the room under the roof to the required ones (in accordance with the standards).

Device

Building an attic roof with your own hands implies a strong foundation and a reliable floor, the presence of reinforcing supports to ease the load due to the attic floor (the attic needs to be further strengthened). Sometimes it is necessary to further strengthen the foundation of a house or redo a separate foundation. You can't do this without professional skills.

Stingrays

Even at the initial stage of constructing an attic, it is necessary to resolve all issues related to the design features of the building, taking into account all partitions. The house may have slopes, which affect the design features as a whole. And the under-roof space itself can differ in a variety of shapes. The interior decoration of the attic will depend on the features inside roofing structure. If the roof of the house is designed in a special way, then you will have to remove the old rafters and materials, replacing them with new ones, taking into account the specifics of the project (additional load, angle of inclination and other design features of the building are taken into account).

Rafter system

The entire rafter structure must be calculated and designed for the type of attic floor. The best option for a standard house is to make an attic floor with a broken line gable roof. Such a roof has a large load on the walls, but the combined area of ​​the attic space is most often arranged in this way. It is important to comply with the requirement for the presence of additional load-bearing supports (installation of inclined rafters designed for vertical and horizontal loads). When installing a rafter system, the Mauerlat is installed, after which the rafter legs are assembled and installed. The installation of the rafters is carried out starting from two opposite legs, they are pulled against each other (the accuracy of installation must be adjusted). This is how the frame of the rafter system is installed, after which the sheathing is performed, which depends on the roofing material.

Roof

When installing the upper floor, it is important to take into account the complexity of the attic roof. It differs from a standard roof in that it carries the functional load of the living space and the roof space. The ceiling of the house is an attic roof with the necessary noise and heat insulation layers, with the final finishing of the room. It should be as warm, cozy, spacious and light as possible. Additional sheathing of the roof structure will improve the quality of thermal insulation of the attic floor, although mineral wool can serve as the main insulation for these purposes.

The high-quality finishing of the roof and ceiling depends on the purpose of using the attic. So, for example, lining, fiberboard, and plywood sheets are traditionally used for dachas. The finishing of residential premises is carried out with more substantial and expensive materials. Roofing material for exterior decoration creates comfort for the interior of the attic. In this case, slate, bitumen-based materials and modern tiles are traditionally used. It is better not to use metal sheets; they do not retain heat and create additional noise during rain and wind. It is also better to avoid roofing felt, since in the summer it gets very hot, giving off a specific odor.

Window

Correct frame The roof structure includes the arrangement of windows. They are installed between the rafters. To ensure the reliability of the window fastening points (bottom and top of the structure), horizontal beams made of timber are installed.

Installation of roof windows is carried out in stages:

• construct an opening for a window;
• install the frame with the dismantled glass unit;
• lay insulation and a layer of waterproofing;
• fasten the gutter of the window structure;
• install parts;
• return the dismantled glass unit to its place;
• carry out interior finishing.

It is not always possible to build or expand the usable area of ​​a house by adding a full upper floor or side building. To increase space in small houses, it is best to use an attic. It doesn’t take up much space, but it allows you to “unload” the house a little, saving on construction costs.

In order to build an attic or make one from an attic space, you need to stock up on materials:

• rafters are made of wooden beams(with a section of 50x180 cm);
• the sheathing is made of wooden boards;
• the cladding of the end walls is made of wall panels;
• We fasten roofing elements using self-tapping screws, nails, metal profiles and metal corners;
• During construction, thermal insulation, vapor barrier and waterproofing materials are necessarily used;
• roofing material is used at the finishing stage;
• in the end it's done interior decoration the premises are made of modern facing materials, basic heating is installed.

Before starting work, it is important to make sure that the floors located between the first floor and the attic are sufficiently strengthened. It is necessary to calculate the loads. After making sure that the fasteners are reliable, you can proceed to arranging the rafter system. During the work, the quality of connections of each element of the system is monitored. For the sloping roof project, the support beams with the end walls are first installed. After which work begins on assembling the frame of the rafter system structure.

The individual elements of the rafter system are fastened with a groove-tooth connection and with the help metal plates for greater reliability. Using all wooden elements maybe after special processing for added protection. Treatment with fire retardants is also necessary to reduce the flammability of wooden structures. After assembling the rafter system, they proceed to processing the bevels of the walls and internal partitions.

An obligatory stage during the construction of an attic is ventilation of the attic floor. For the attic it was enough to ensure ventilation of the room. The attic building must meet the requirements of the living space. Problems with ventilation can lead to heat loss, moisture condensation, and rot. All these external factors may lead to further damage. Simple ventilation is ineffective here; it is necessary forced ventilation systems and insulation.

Next, several layers of the attic roof are arranged: the very top is the roofing material, below it is the waterproofing material, sheathing, thermal insulation and vapor barrier material, and ceiling finishing. It is important to emphasize that the sequence of multi-layer installation cannot be changed. The insulation is installed on the rafter system. There is a gap between the insulation and the roof for natural ventilation. In some cases, insulation (mineral wool and other fire-resistant insulation) is laid on the sheathing.

The thickness of the thermal insulation layer is about 25-30 cm. To securely fix this layer, an additional frame perpendicular to the rafters can be used. A vapor barrier in the form of a breathable membrane and a waterproofing material are attached at some distance from the insulation. It is worth considering that not only the roof, but also the walls of the attic space should be insulated to ensure greater comfort. The result is a “pie” that ensures the reliability and strength of the structure. Finishing the roof-ceiling is made in the usual way - with sheets of plywood, ceiling tiles, plasterboard, clapboard.

Decorative finishing of the attic depends on general design premises. Usually the walls and ceiling are covered with wallpaper in the same style as the decor of the entire house. The walls can also be painted or plastered.

Insulation and sound insulation

The main sound insulation in the attic room is on the floors. Sound absorption is necessary to ensure comfort in the upper part of the floor, and to prevent excess noise from spreading to neighboring rooms.

For this purpose, old proven methods and new technologies are used:

• polyethylene foam with foil is laid on the logs (on one side);
• sand 5 cm thick is poured between the beams.

Properly executed sound insulation dampens impact noise from above, be it footsteps or falling objects. Mineral wool, foam plastic or felt, as well as basalt slabs are often used for sound absorption. Vapor barrier and thermal insulation are also provided.

Due to the constant contact of the attic roof with atmospheric loads, summer overheating or winter cooling of the roof, it is necessary to carry out work on additional insulation attics. To do this, even at the construction stage, a special protective layer of insulation and film against moisture is laid under the slate or other flooring. The main work on waterproofing the attic is carried out from the inside after the main stage of construction has been completed.

It is important to leave between the roofing layer and the insulation small space for natural ventilation. Today, additional external insulation of the attic is carried out using modern means, so as not to reduce the usable area inside the attic building. The light weight of the insulation prevents the structure from sagging or deforming. There are special insulation materials on sale - materials for spraying. They create a uniform, durable surface that prevents moisture.

Finishing

Original and practical solutions for cladding a wooden or brick attic space give free rein to your imagination. The design of the attic is largely determined by the general design decision, but sometimes the most daring ideas are used. The cladding of the attic floor is primarily related to the features finished design. In this regard, the interior decoration of the attic has a number of features.

It is necessary to pay attention to several points.

1. On internal view The attic is affected by the presence of skylights. They are located on the slopes of the roof. A regular window is placed on flat wall, the room gains more light.
2. You can come up with unusual design attic walls, for example, in colorful shades that contrast with the color of the ceiling or floor.
3. The slopes of the attic roof can be shaped in a designer way, emphasizing the unusual design of the attic room.
4. The special atmosphere of the attic room is determined by non-standard furniture (for example, irregularly shaped). A low, unequal cabinet will fit perfectly in a narrow and low part of the attic.
5. A large attic can be divided into functional zones.

Today there are enough options for zoning an attic space to find the best option for your home. All internal work can be done either independently or with the help of professionals.

Creating an attic - a popular type of room - with your own hands today is not difficult. Let's look at all the stages of construction, as well as the pros and cons of this design.

Peculiarities

Home is a place where we would like to surround ourselves with comfort, have the opportunity to relax with our family and work. Sometimes this becomes impossible due to lack of square meters. How to make your home spacious and comfortable? Construction technologies have stepped far forward - resources have appeared that allow you to expand the occupied space with your own hands through extensions. But if there is not enough land, then the attic would be the most successful option!

Currently, this is a fashionable design for private homes. Back in the 17th century, the attic was conceived as a way to expand housing for the poor. And thanks to the French architect Mansard, converting roofs into residential apartments has become very popular among the rich. This, by the way, is where the name came from - attic.

Many people ask the question: “Attic or additional floor?” It’s worth clarifying right away that these are two different things. Before choosing one or another option, weigh all the pros and cons, pros and cons, consider the purpose of your home (dacha or permanent residence), your marital status, and budget.

It will be much more economical to build an attic than a full second floor.

In this article we will tell you how to significantly transform your usable space with minimal investment. And you can handle all the necessary activities on your own. Installation and arrangement of an attic, the facade of which is completely or partially formed by the surface of a sloping roof, is a vast scope for imagination and creativity. So much space shouldn't be wasted! But isn't it too wasteful to turn precious meters of space into a warehouse?

Typically, attic spaces are provided for children who like to be located at high levels, and besides, low beams often cause some inconvenience for adults. This is the very last floor, and the higher, the better the view, without a doubt. The presence of pipes, proximity to the roof, remote balcony, flat ceiling - all this will become a stylish aid for creating an architectural design.

An objective assessment of the specifics and knowledge of the constructive qualities of this type of superstructure give a chance that everything will work out as well as possible, no damage will be caused to the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house, and the home will last a long time. Believe me, the attic is a very useful thing!

The best solution is a frame attic. Before you begin developing plans for the addition, you must ensure that the floor below can support the additional load. After all, every person who comes across a building knows that the main building is located on load-bearing structure, which is calculated based on the entire mass of the structure. Therefore, at the beginning of construction, it is necessary to make the necessary calculations, and also check the foundation to see if there are any cracks or any damage on it. If necessary, the base will need to be strengthened. At this stage, it is best to turn to professionals.

Based on how the roof is constructed, the appearance of the attic can vary. As a rule, the attic occupies the entire top floor, although sometimes there are options located on one side of the longitudinal axis of the building. It is not often that you see attics extending beyond the lower structures.

Most often, the roof is gable or sloping. A more complex type of gable configuration is popular: the roof consists of two planes. But we will discuss each of them in more detail a little later. Windows, large or small, located on the ceiling, let in many times more light than ordinary windows in rooms on the lower floors.

When choosing a roofing covering, maintain harmony so as not to disturb the combination of the shape of the attic floor and the roof.

You can also immediately insulate the room with SIP panels. As a result, you will get a lightweight structure that consists of more than 50% lightweight polystyrene foam, therefore, does not create a load on the walls and ceilings.

There are several design considerations that cannot be ignored.

• take thermal insulation seriously, which should be strengthened, because it is the roof that often “suffers” from frequent and sometimes severe temperature changes;
• it is important to carry out waterproofing conscientiously so that over time the insulation does not get wet;
• Proper ventilation must be provided between the thermal insulation layer and the roof.

The parameters of the rafter structure must be determined by the further construction of thermal insulation, which is placed between the timber rafters and has a thickness of at least 20 cm. The rafters must be at least 25 by 25 cm.

The main indicators of wood that are important for the design of the system are resistance to bending and compression, the required density and humidity.

Wooden rafters, in turn, require treatment with antiseptics or fire-bioprotective structures and must have fire resistance limits.

Designers advise leaving the attic space intact. However, if there is a need to separate rooms, then it is better to build partitions using plasterboard.

Let's also consider the disadvantages of this type of adjustment:

• due to the sloping roof, unlike a regular floor, the size of the attic area will be smaller;
• the height must be optimal, otherwise there will be problems with closing/opening doors;
• psychological factor: sometimes it seems to people that there is not enough air, every time they want to bend down, a person may feel discomfort;
• regardless of the type of roof covering and even correct installation soundproofing, sounds from rain will penetrate into the room;
• it is important to properly think through the heating system;
• the stairs leading to the attic may be too steep and therefore unsafe.

Design options and materials

Using the advice of experts, carefully develop the future design of the attic space. After this, prepare the design of the attic, since it is not just a certain number of square meters, but the individuality of the facade - the pride of the building. It depends on the coating methods and roofing materials appearance and interior.

There are several types of roofing.

Single-pitch

The simplest option, which is a sloping area fixed to load-bearing walls. Advantages: simplicity of calculations and installation work, due to its low weight it is suitable for buildings on simplified foundations. Disadvantages: not the most attractive appearance, sensitivity to loads (snow).

Gable

One of the most common options. This structure consists of two opposite slopes, resting on the walls of the building that serve as support and connecting at the top with a ridge. Material investments in a gable roof are quite small, but it looks aesthetically attractive. The structure of a gable roof includes: rafters, sheathing, inclined planes, Mauerlat, horizontal ribs, ridge, valleys, overhangs.

Broken

The broken roof structure is a subtype of the gable roof, but with a more complex configuration. Because of the shape and the presence of broken lines, this name came about. Such a roof gives the house solidity and solidity.

Hip or hip

One of the strongest and most resistant to strong winds and leaks during precipitation roofing systems, where instead of pediments two triangular-shaped slopes are installed. Complex installation– disadvantage of this design: it requires precision when calculating the rafter system and installing the frame. For this reason, design is usually left to professionals.

Multi-forceps

Among all the structures, the most complex, but at the same time the most interesting, is considered to be the multi-pincer one. It is characterized by the presence of several pediments (3 or more). A big plus is the ability to cover several rooms with one level. But in general, this type of attic works mainly on the architectural style and design.

The attic part is divided into two types. She may be:

• single-level- enough practical option in execution, which does not require complex development and serious calculations;
• two-level- This is a complex building to construct, the design of which is created immediately together with the house.

Current construction technologies make it possible to make different types of balconies in the attic. To choose the right design, you should consider the design features of the lower floor. And it doesn’t matter whether the balcony was included in the plan in advance, it can be done at the end of all stages of construction.

Most good option location - from the end. In this case, the balcony will resemble a loggia. It is erected together with the attic, which allows you to use part of the roof as a canopy, and the ceiling of the floor as a floor.

Another type of construction is the option when the balcony is located in the roof part. At the stage of covering the roof, part of the building is left without covering so that a balcony can be built there.

Drawings and calculations

The main parameter when planning an attic floor is the ceiling level, the optimal height of which should be at least 2.5 m. Make a drawing before actual construction, evaluate everything and indicate accurate calculations so that everything can be built accurately.

The most ideal option is a sloping gable roof, but then as many load-bearing supports as possible should be installed for sufficient reliability, since this type of roof increases the pressure on the walls.

In your calculations, do not forget to include the ventilation system, as well as windows and stove heating pipes, if any.

The height of the superstructure itself has no limit, but the lower ends must be at least 90 cm.

The plan must contain all the information about the shape features, geometric dimensions and slope angles of the slopes.

After an accurate calculation of the rafter system of the attic roof has been completed, all necessary materials should be purchased and the roof prepared. Only after this can construction begin.

Stages of making an attic with your own hands It is very important to choose the design and style of the interior at the initial stage, as well as decide on finishing materials. You should listen to the opinion professional designers

who advise using only high-quality raw materials. We will tell you step by step about all stages of construction.

Roof So, the first stage is the development of a project for a new future roof in the old premises. It doesn’t matter whether it is single-pitch, gable or broken, without a doubt, the appearance of the result will directly depend on the structural properties of the roof, as well as the raw materials used. Make a diagram from different perspectives to better understand how to place the elements of the rafter system.

It is most important to accurately calculate the height of the roof ridge, because the size of the area under it depends on it.

We take the height of the ridge to be approximately 3.5 m - with the independent construction of the frame, which allows you to straighten up to your full height.

In houses where there is no load-bearing wall, the mechanism of hanging rafters will be used, which will be supported only on the walls of the house and connected to each other with nails or screws using corner plates. In this case, the width of a single-span building, where this type of rafters is assumed, cannot exceed 6 m. If the parameters of the house are larger, for example, when the span width exceeds 9 m, then more struts have to be made.

In two-span houses, where there is only a middle supporting wall, layered rafters are made. In this case, three foundation points (two on the outer walls of the house and one on the inner) depend on the width of the building: more than 10 m - one support, and with a width of about 15 m, two supports will be needed. The rafters are attached to each other using corner pads. The sheathing itself is made of slats or boards.

Steam and thermal insulation are key stages in creating an attic. A membrane-type film is laid on top of the sheathing, which will protect against moisture penetration, and with inside Glass wool is laid for insulation.

The next stage is the installation of the roof, internal processing and design of walls and partitions, as well as installation of windows.

As we have already said above, the most successful would be to use metal tiles or corrugated sheets as a roofing material.

Floors

First, take care of sound and thermal insulation from the floor below. This task can be accomplished in several ways: filling expanded clay or laying slabs of mineral wool. Both methods require protection from moisture with hydrofilms. Also pay attention to the wooden interfloor ceiling. Here, insulation is performed by bandaging the seams of the insulation and beams.

Choose flooring to suit your taste. It can be ceramics, parquet or laminate.

Window

Loft windows are a fairly labor-intensive process, although worth it, so consider whether you can do it yourself. In fact, they are not particularly different from facade ones, but there is one serious difference - a special type of opening. In addition, during installation you will have to disassemble the metal tiles, while trying to maintain waterproofing. But this is not scary, because it is thanks to the windows that the room becomes much lighter and more spacious!

It is very important to know that if snow and ice are not regularly cleared, the window may be subject to temperature changes, so it is important to select models in accordance with the climate in which you live.

Heating selection

For comfortable stay and the use of the premises, you also need to take care of heating the attic. It should not only maintain and retain heat inside, but also be safe and economical.

All details must be taken into account initial stages design. We bring to your attention several methods of heating the attic floor.

• Fireplace. An effective, comfortable and completely safe way.
• If your home already has a heating system downstairs, then you only need to install additional pipes and batteries.

• Installation of an independent heating system only for the attic - the most correct solution. It is possible to install absolutely any heating boilers, while observing necessary measures security. But more comfortable - turbocharged ones gas boilers, which do not require a separate room. They are wall mounted and very easy to use.
• "Warm floor". To create a comfortable indoor microclimate, you can install heated floors. This can be done either with your own hands or with the help of specialists. In any case, this is a fairly economical option.

Important point– proper arrangement of ventilation. This is the only way the attic heating will work well.

Insulation and ventilation

Since the attic has the largest area of ​​contact with the street compared to the lower floors, its insulation should be treated very carefully. Today the market offers a variety of insulating materials. However, when solving this problem regarding complete thermal insulation and vapor barrier for a home, do not forget about the main conditions, and then this will reduce not only heat loss and heating costs for the house, but also protect the ceiling and walls from dampness, rot and wetness, and the formation of ice on the roof . The choice of materials for the “roofing cake” must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.

When you choose finishing in a store, focus primarily on the characteristics of your home.

The most versatile and most budget-friendly is based on mineral wool; expanded polystyrene is less commonly used. Sometimes an insulation layer can be used, consisting of modern backfill agents or materials in the form of a liquid that is sprayed onto the walls and hardens into a durable form. In all these cases, the roof will be no less stable.

With the correct assembly of the “roofing cake”, the structure of which consists of metal tiles or corrugated sheets, sheathing, waterproofing membrane, rafter system, properly equipped ventilation of the under-roof space is sure to extend the life of your roof. Never play the lottery “whether it will blow or not,” but take the advice of experts on your mind.

To create a beautiful and cozy living space, you can use it as finishing material inside there is wood, various types of composite panels, HPL panels (or in Russian LVD - laminate high pressure). No less popular is the attic, decorated with your own hands using plasterboard sheets (GKL).

Roof covering should be made of lightweight materials: corrugated sheets, metal tiles and similar materials that can lighten the weight of the mechanism, taking into account the load that will be transferred to the existing building.

To begin with, before remodeling the attic, you need to make drawings and draw up an estimate. This way you will see in advance what difficulties you will have to face.

It is quite difficult to develop a plan for an attic roof alone: ​​certain knowledge and skills in design and carrying out specific calculations are important. You cannot make mistakes: then the structure of the building will be unreliable, and it can also damage the overall building. Although if the idea is not too complicated, then you can do it yourself.

Everything must be included in the estimate: from the start of construction to the decoration of the premises.

Partitions

One of the most simple tasks, which you can definitely handle with your own hands, is the installation of interior partitions. Typically, plasterboard and metal profiles are used for these purposes. Everything is done quite quickly and at minimal cost.

The design is simple: a frame, and plasterboard slabs are attached to it. At the end, the partition is sheathed. To do this, you can use clapboard, block house, imitation timber or even plywood with wallpaper - a matter of taste.

Finishing work

After insulating the attic, you should think about finishing. Of course, it all depends on how you will use this room. The unique geometry provides excellent prospects for creative design solutions. Let us immediately note that the finishing process is a complex of tasks, each of which has its own function. Let's take a closer look at finishing materials.

• Most popular material – plastic lining. Advantages: unique, budget-friendly, environmentally friendly. The installation of the board can be different: diagonally or in a circle, horizontal or vertical. Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting fragility and, perhaps, weak resistance to negative factors.

• Not the most expensive material - plywood sheet. It is quite easy to cover walls with it. It also has excellent sound and heat insulation properties; no prior leveling of the surface is required before installation.
• Finishing the attic with plasterboard will allow you to realize the most original design solutions: you can use it to create dropped ceilings, arches and even columns. Wherein this material easily absorbs moisture, which is its negative side. But if you choose a special type that is resistant to moisture, then this finish will last you a very long time.

So, let's summarize and summarize the above.

To design a beautiful and high-quality attic you will need:

• careful design of the future extension;
• strengthening load-bearing walls and foundation;
• roof removal;
• erecting a frame (it will be quite easy for you to assemble it with your own hands);
• roof insulation, waterproofing;
• installation of windows;
• interior finishing and insulation.

If you save too much, as practice shows, the house may end up being of poor quality and unattractive. Therefore, choose materials wisely, take into account the recommendations of experts, consult with relatives and friends, as well as with those who already have similar experience.

More and more people are resorting to self-construction Houses.

There are many reasons for this, and everyone is guided by their own motives.

But the main thing is savings, of course, subject to knowledge of the matter.

Building your own home should be a mandatory attribute of success for every man.

Investing your savings in real estate is the best thing to do. The house will last for decades and its value will only increase over time.

Of course, a lot depends on the design of both the internal and external parts of a residential building.

For high-quality construction, you will need to study the technology of constructing a mansard roof. Another important skill is knowledge of carpentry. Or you can study the instructions yourself, which describe in detail the entire project of work. You should also pay attention to the fact that there are different.

When starting construction, you need to ask yourself the following questions::

• What are the best materials to use when building a mansard roof?
• How many stages of work remain to be completed?
• How many people will be needed to help with the construction?
• What kind of attic do you want to build?

It is best to plan the construction of an attic, installing gable roof with a broken line, so you can get the largest area of ​​​​the future room.

Before starting any construction, it should be developed. When working through it, take the numbers indicated in the calculations seriously; even the slightest mistake can lead to future damage to both the roof itself and the walls of the house.

So how to make a mansard roof? This article will help you answer this question.

• For soft roofs, solid;
• Discharged for slate.

Naturally exist certain rules soft roof installations, here they are:

• If the pitched angle of the roof is located in the range from 5 to 10°, then the roof has the appearance of a continuous flooring, special waterproof plywood or boards are used;
• When the inclined roof angle is between 10 and 15°, in this case the roof is made of timber with dimensions of 45×50 millimeters and with a pitch of 45 cm;
• If the inclined angle is greater than 15° for the sheathing timber 45×50 mm is used, but in increments of 600 mm;
• For the skate attachment area install additional beam.

Lathing for soft roofing

Installation of the Mauerlat and rafter system

The Mauerlat is laid after work has been done to level the attic and place the flooring.

Thanks to the placement of the Mauerlat around the perimeter of the attic all oblique angles can be corrected.

The material used is timber. The thickness is selected according to the edge of the walls.

When you lay the Mauerlat under the side of the cornice, you should be especially careful.

Make sure the structure is non-thrust, because it is impossible to add additional elements. We will have to dismantle part of the external masonry of the wall and raise inner part walls.

Mauerlat installation

Installation of insulation

It is necessary to insulate the attic space if you are going to inhabit it. First of all, it is worth deciding on the material used as a material. The best solution there will be special basalt slabs.

The insulation density is needed at least 30-40 km per cubic meter, otherwise its subsidence in the future is inevitable. And the thickness is 150 mm. A special film is also installed in the roof to protect it from getting wet.

Step-by-step installation of insulation

Installation of lathing and counter-lattice

After the base has been installed, it is necessary to install to strengthen the structure. This is necessary if the inclined angle is large.

The counter-lattice is installed from small beams, which are placed on top of the main sheathing, already laid on the waterproofing layer. When installing a counter-lattice, a ventilation space is created between the roof and the base, which increases the service life.

Installation of sheathing

Installation of waterproofing and vapor barrier

A do-it-yourself broken roof requires installation of waterproofing. To protect the roof from moisture penetration between the roof and the base a special layer of roofing material or film is laid. The counter-grid helps better ventilation to get rid of the effect of vaporization.

The most common evaporation protection system is a three-layer structure - a hydrobarrier.

1. Reinforced grating. It is woven from polyethylene fibers.
2. Anti-condensation or porosity barrier.

Installing waterproofing on rafters or sheathing.

Installation of waterproofing

Types of roofing materials and their installation

The market offers big choice roofing materials for every taste. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Any builder first of all looks at the cost of the roof, then at its quality and service life.

Roofing material

Conclusion

The construction of an attic roof requires special diligence and painstaking work if you want to get a high-quality and final result. You will have to invest a lot of effort, not only physical, but also moral.

It will take a smart approach to the work so that it is completed without problems. Encountering a number of obstacles, most owners turn to hired workers for help. But on the other hand, what could bring more pleasure than not doing quality work with your own hands.

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to assemble a mansard roof:

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