Description:

Currently, most buildings cannot be imagined without the installation of internal drains. However, 50 years ago this was not the case. Internal drains were used extremely rarely and were made of steel pipes.

INTERNAL DRAINS

ON THE USE OF THERMOPLASTIC PIPES IN INTERNAL DRAINS OF BUILDINGS IN THE MOSCOW CLIMATE DISTRICT

V. A. Ustyugov, Director of State Unitary Enterprise "NIIMosstroy", Ph.D. tech. sciences

A. A. Otstavnov, leading researcher at State Unitary Enterprise “NIIMosstroy”, Ph.D. tech. sciences

Currently, most buildings cannot be imagined without the installation of internal drains. However, 50 years ago this was not the case. Internal drains were used extremely rarely and were made of steel pipes. It was then that NIIMosstroy began to make attempts to construct internal drains not from metal pipes, but from asbestos-cement pipes; first on 5-story buildings, “Lagutenkovsky” ones, which are only now being demolished everywhere. The pipes were assembled together using couplings with polyisobutylene or epoxy sealing.

Then the transition to the use of plastic pipes was made. Nowadays, the installation of internal sanitary systems of buildings is dominated by pipes made of polymers from both domestic and numerous foreign manufacturers. Pipes made from polypropylene (PP), unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC), polyethylene (HDPE), polybutene (PB), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and various fiberglass plastics are supplied from abroad in significant volumes. Until now, one of the effective areas of their application is the internal gutters of buildings. Of some interest in this regard may be the experience of NIIMosstroy in the use of thermoplastic pipes for the installation of internal drains of buildings in the Moscow climatic region.

Application (SN 264-63) began in block buildings with a height of 9 floors with pipes made of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with a diameter of 110 mm (wall thickness ~ 19 mm), produced in accordance with MRTU 6-05-918 on conditional pressure 1 MPa. The pipes were connected to each other using sockets and sealed with a solution of polyisobutylene in gasoline.

Then pipes made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with a diameter of 110 mm and a wall thickness of about 10 mm began to be used. These pipes were connected to each other using loose steel flanges. For this purpose, the ends of the pipes were equipped with flanges, which were manufactured by thermomechanical molding. Sometimes pipes from both types of polyethylene were butt welded.

Since the late 1960s, pipes with a diameter of 110 mm and a wall thickness of 3.2 mm have been used. First, from vinyl plastic (NPVH 40, MN 1427-61), the installation of which was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the departmental building codes of Glavmosstroy VSN-26–68, and then only from PVC-U 60 (TU 6-05-164-73), the installation of which was carried out in accordance with the requirements norms of the USSR State Construction Committee SN 478-75. The pipes were glued together with an overlap on the sockets.

From the beginning of the 1980s to this day, pipes made of PVC-U 100 have been used, which are assembled together on sockets with rubber sealing rings. Their installation was carried out in accordance with the requirements of various standards.

According to the instructions of the USSR State Construction Committee SN 478-80, pipes with a diameter of 110 mm (TU 6-19-99-78) with a wall thickness of 3.2 mm could be used for installing drains in buildings up to 9 floors high, and with a wall thickness of 5.3 mm - in buildings up to 16 floors high.

According to the departmental building codes of the Moscow long-term development complex VSN 48-96, pipes with a diameter of 110 mm and a wall thickness of 3.2 mm (TU 6-4-0203534-94-93) can be used for installing risers in buildings up to 17 floors, with a thickness walls 5.3 mm (TU 6-19-231-87 and TU 6-49-4-88) - in buildings of any number of floors (up to 25 floors).

In parallel with this, in the mid-1980s, pressure pipes made of high-pressure polyethylene LDPE with a diameter of 75 and 90 mm (GOST 18599-83) were used for the installation of internal drains.

Pipes supplied on reels were used. When using pipes of measured length, they were preliminarily butt welded into coils with a diameter of 2.2–3.5 m.

The wall thickness of the pipes corresponded to the selected type (each type of pipe corresponds to a continuous permissible for 50 years of operation operating pressure in a pressure water system at a temperature of 20 °C: l - 0.25 MPa, sl - 0.4 and s - 0.6 MPa). The choice of the type of pipes was made taking into account the number of storeys of buildings: l - 9 floors, sl - 16 floors and s - 25 floors, pipes were used in combination, for example, for a 25-story building: up to 11 floors - type c, 11-16 floors - sl and 17-25 floors – type L.

Recently, sewer pipes made of PP have begun to be used for the installation of internal drains (ZAO NPO Stroypolymer).

Internal drainage systems include: drainage funnels, suspended horizontal lines, risers, outlets.

Drainage risers and all outlet pipelines, including those laid below the floor of the first floor, must withstand hydrostatic pressure in the event of blockages and overflows.

When using roofs with plastic gutters, special care is required in installation and operation in order to prevent mechanical damage to the gutters. This limited the use of plastic funnels. Application is now planned drainage funnels made of plastic.

The length of underground drainage outlets made of plastic pipes with a diameter of 110 mm or more is allowed up to 20 m.

To compensate for thermal elongation of PVC drainage risers with adhesive joints, it was envisaged to use one expansion joint with a rubber O-ring for four to six floors.

Compensation for thermal elongation of LDPE risers was provided by laying the pipeline in a “snake” pattern in grooves and shafts.

When using pipes with a length of 5.6...6.0 m (for two floors) connected on rubber rings for the installation of drainage risers, one fixed fastener was installed in the middle of the floor under the socket; two passages through the floors were considered movable fastenings. When using pipes with a length of 2.8...3.0 m (per floor), each pipe was fixedly attached.

Used various options connection points of plastic drainage risers with cast iron drainage funnels (Fig. 1) and with steel drainage pipelines laid in the basement for open discharge of storm water onto the blind area of ​​the building (Fig. 2).

Options (Fig. 1a and 1b) provided for the use of steel transition pipes with flange connection with plastic pipes and a socket connection for sealing with drain pipes of funnels. To make flange connections, a flanged pipe made of PVC or PE was used, connected to the upper pipe of the riser using glue or a rubber O-ring.

The option (Fig. 1c) provided for the use of a socketed steel adapter pipe, the smooth end of which had a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the connection with a PVC pipe with a rubber sealing ring.

For drainage risers with a diameter of 110 mm, cast iron parts were also used (flange - smooth end). They were connected on flanges with a steel adapter pipe and on a rubber ring with a PVC or HDPE pipe (Fig. 1d).

An option for connecting risers with steel outlet pipelines (Fig. 2a) involves the use of flanged pipes to make flanged connections (the flanging is performed on a pipe with a socket for a rubber ring) or a transition pipe made of PVC or HDPE with a steel pipe pressed into it (Fig. 2b). In the option (Fig. 2c), a pipe made of PVC or PE is pressed into place. Press-fitted nozzles serve to create a more rigid support, allowing the transition element to be embedded into the socket of a steel pipeline.

For drainage risers with a diameter of 110 mm, cast iron parts (flange - socket) were also used, connected to a PVC or HDPE pipe (Fig. 2d).

When designing internal drains from pipes made of thermoplastics, we proceeded from the fact that the maximum drainage area per one drain riser for the Moscow construction region with an estimated intensity of 20-minute rain equal to 80 l/s per 1 ha, with a period of one-time excess of this intensity equal to one year, should not be more than: 400 m2 (diameter 75 mm), 700 (90) and 1200 m2 (diameter 110 mm). In fact, the drainage area per drainage riser turned out to be much smaller. This was seen as an opportunity for the future to reduce the diameters of the risers or to use thin-walled pipes while maintaining the same diameters in order to obtain an additional economic effect through the use of pipes of lower cost (the cost of polymer pipes is largely determined by their weight).

During installation, drainage funnels and transitional metal elements were firmly and rigidly attached to the building structures. The metal fittings located on the pipeline were independently fastened in order to prevent their weight from affecting the plastic pipeline.

When installing drains from thermoplastic pipes, the verticality of the risers and the strong fastening of their elements to the building structures were also strictly observed; protecting pipelines from clogging with construction debris, the depth of insertion of the smooth end of the pipe into the socket to the mounting mark.

In all connections on rubber rings, a gap was left between the end of one pipe and the inner flange of the socket of another pipe in order to provide conditions for compensating for possible thermal elongations of the pipes.

To install drainage risers, as a rule, a top-down technological scheme was used. The pipes were lowered from the roof or from the ceiling of the upper floor. Lowering the pipes through the holes in the interfloor ceilings and arranging them according to the height of the building under construction was carried out by two workers. One of them carefully lowered the pipe from the top floor, and the other took it from above to his floor. The pipes, arranged floor by floor along the height of the building, were supported in an inclined position on the interfloor ceilings. It was not allowed to insert pipes into one another before making connections with rubber seals or gluing. To protect the drainpipes from causing marks and scratches when lowering them, the holes in the interfloor ceilings were lined with glassine, roofing felt or roofing felt. Containers (packages, bundles) with pipe blanks were lifted onto the roof or ceiling of the upper floor using tower cranes. The pipe blanks were stored in packaged form until the installation of the drain risers began.

Another technological scheme for installing drainage risers “from the bottom up” was used only in cases where a steel outlet pipeline was first laid in the basement.

The transition parts with the cast iron drain pipe of the drain funnel and the steel outlet pipeline were connected traditionally - by caulking with white and resin ropes and subsequent caulking with expanding cement. When making connections between metal and plastic pipes, caulking and caulking were used only with smooth working surfaces and rounded edges. During the work, under no circumstances was it allowed to strike plastic parts.

The installation of the drainage system using connections on rubber rings was carried out in the following technological sequence.

They laid a steel drain pipe in the basement. After delivery of the drainage pipe blanks to the construction site, they were lifted by a tower crane to the roof or to the ceiling of the upper floor. After this, incoming quality control of incoming pipe blanks was carried out. The ends of the pipes were thoroughly cleaned of dirt. Fastening elements were marked and attached to building structures. They lowered the required number of pipes to the very bottom and simultaneously arranged them along the entire height of the building.

In the basement (or on the 1st floor) a transition piece was sealed into the socket of a steel outlet pipeline. On the floors, each pipe in the places where it passed through the ceilings was wrapped in glassine (tar paper, roofing felt) in two layers and secured with soft wire or twine. After this, the pipes were assembled together along the height of the building. Individual pipes were secured to the building structure by tightening the half-rings of fastening brackets with bolts and nuts. In the attic, a steel transition piece was inserted into the bell of the top drain pipe and secured to the building member. The drain pipe of the drainage funnel was sealed into the socket of the steel transition piece.

LDPE pipes for the manufacture of fully prefabricated drainage risers were supplied from pipe manufacturers on reels or in coils.

The technology for installing internal drains from polyethylene riser coils, fully prefabricated, included the following technological processes: at the assembly blanks plant, the pipes were butt welded by heating into pipe strands, the length of which corresponded to the length of the drain risers (from the outlet drain pipeline to the drain funnel); transition pipes were welded to the ends of the pipe strands to connect the pipes with the metal elements of the drainage systems - cast iron drainage funnels and steel drainage outlet pipelines; pipe strings or pipes received from the manufacturer on a reel were rolled into coils during the welding process on a special drum, fastened with elastic clamps and subjected to pneumatic (hydraulic) tests; the finished riser coil was delivered to the construction site, lifted by a tower crane to the roof, unwound and lowered into a shaft prepared for laying a drain riser (holes along the height of the shaft in all ceilings were equipped with protective coverings in order to protect polyethylene pipes from cuts and damage). deep scratches); the pipe string was attached along the entire height of the building on several floors to the building structures; the transition pipe from one end of the pipe string was connected to the drainage outlet, and from the other end - to the drainage funnel; hydraulic tests of the installed system were carried out.

The steel drainage pipelines, which were laid through the basement for the open discharge of storm water onto the building's blind area, were connected to the drainage risers using either a flange assembly, similar to the connection between the riser and the funnel, or using a transition piece. The transition piece is a piece of LDPE pipe, one end of it is welded to the coil, and the other is pressed into a steel pipe. This pipe serves as a rigid support, which makes it possible to embed the transition element into the socket of the steel pipeline. With a socket depth of 100 mm, the steel pipe protruded from the polyethylene pipe by 50 mm, which ensured satisfactory water tightness of the unit after it was sealed.

Polyethylene is a soft polymer material. Therefore, pipes and coils were protected from cuts and scratches. They were not allowed to be dragged. Coil risers made from such pipes were transported at temperatures down to minus 25 °C, and installed at temperatures down to minus 20 °C. They were transported by special vehicles designed for large-sized cargo, usually in a horizontal position. When transported in a vertical or inclined position, the riser bays were carefully secured. After delivery to the construction site, the riser bays were immediately put into use.

They were stored in an on-site warehouse only within the reach of the tower crane on specially designated horizontal areas in stacks up to 1.5 m high.

The riser coils were lifted by a tower crane onto the roof of the building in a horizontal position. Their slinging was carried out with special clamps in four places, previously wrapped in roofing felt. On the roof, the coil was laid next to the shaft opening for the drainage riser.

For high-quality work on unwinding the riser coil into a pipe string and inserting it into the shaft, in order to be able to bend the pipes along an acceptable radius, scaffolding with a height of about 1.5 m was used.

Sometimes the riser coil was unwound from a vertical position directly into the shaft by two workers. One unfastened the clamps, supported the coil, inserted it into the shaft and made sure that no kinks occurred on the pipes during unwinding. The second worker lowered the pipe string as the riser coil was unwound along the shaft from floor to floor, monitored the correct location of the pipes in the shaft and pre-fastened it with clamps installed on the corresponding floors.

The deviation in the length of the riser, associated with tolerances on the dimensions and installation of building structures, temperature conditions of installation, etc., was regulated by shortening the lower steel transition pipe.

Hydraulic tests of internal drainage systems were carried out by filling them with water to their entire height. The tests were carried out after an external inspection of the pipelines and elimination of visible defects. Hydraulic testing of glued pipelines began no earlier than 24 hours after the last gluing. The drainage system was considered to have passed the test if, after at least 10 minutes after filling it, an external inspection of all its elements did not reveal any leaks or other defects, and the water level did not drop.

The sealing of grooves, ducts and holes in the interfloor ceilings was carried out after completion of all work on the installation and testing of pipelines.

In conclusion, it should be noted that over 40 years of operation of individual internal drains of buildings made of thermoplastic pipes in the Moscow climatic region, no complaints were noted from operating organizations regarding violations of strength or quality of functioning. This is due to several factors.

Firstly, with good quality construction- installation work, which is determined, as expected by the developers (SUE “NIIMosstroy”), by the high installation and technological properties of pipes made of thermoplastics.

Secondly, the fact that the risers of internal drains (diameters 75-110 mm) have catchment areas that are several times smaller than those at which pressure conditions can occur. That is, the internal drainage systems made from thermoplastic pipes operated during the entire period in gravity mode.

Thirdly, as studies have shown, the temperature conditions in which the pipes were located during all seasons of the year are close to normal, which is very favorable for thermoplastics.

LITERATURE

1. Lobachev P.V. Internal drains of buildings., M.: publishing house "Literature on Construction", 1967, 96 p.

2. Romeiko V.S., Alesker Ya.B., Otstavnov A.A., Ustyugov V.A. and other reference materials. Plastic pipes in construction. Part 1. Pipes and pipeline parts. Pipeline design. M.: VALANG, 1997, 287 p.

3. Romeiko V.S., Alesker Ya.B., Otstavnov A.A., Ustyugov V.A. and other reference materials. Plastic pipes in construction. Part 2. Construction of pipelines. Operation and repair of pipelines. M.: VALANG, 1997, 188 p.

4. Alesker Ya.B., Ekhlakov S.V. Installation of plastic sanitary fixtures. M.: “Stroyizdat”, 1990, 239 p.

5. Otstavnov A.A., Byvshev S.S. On the problem of using thin-walled PVC pipes in internal drainage systems ah high-rise buildings. Ref. Collection: “Advanced experience in the construction of Moscow”, No. 4, 1992, pp. 19-21.

Design and technological
institute industrial construction

JSC PKTIpromstroy

ROUTING

FOR INSTALLATION OF INTERNAL
PLASTIC DRAINS
PIPES IN RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC
BUILDINGS

66-04 TK

2004

1 AREA OF USE

1.1 This map contains instructions for the preparation, installation and acceptance of internal drains from risers made of polyvinyl chloride pipes to funnels in residential and public buildings.

1.2 This map includes requirements for the range of pipes and methods of connecting them, issues of installation of risers and fittings, storage of pipes and labor safety during their installation are considered.

1.3 When linking a map to the construction site of specific buildings and structures, it is necessary to take into account the requirements SNiP 2.04.01-85* “Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings”, SNiP 2.04.02-84* "Water supply. External networks and structures", SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems", VSN 48-96 "Departmental building standards for installation internal sewerage and drains made of PVC pipes in residential and public buildings", SP 40-102 -20 “Design and installation of pipelines for water supply and sewerage systems made of polymer materials. General requirements". The map is linked to local conditions by a specialized organization.

1.4 This map provides for the use of progressive technical solutions and work methods, mechanization of labor-intensive work, automation of technological processes and maximum industrialization of construction and installation work through the use of prefabricated structures, standard and standard products and parts manufactured in factories and procurement workshops.

1.5 The form of use of the card involves its circulation in the field of information technologies with inclusion in the database on technology and organization construction production automated workstation for construction technologist (AWS TSP), contractor and customer.

2 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

2.1 Before installation of internal drains begins, the following must be completed:

Installation (concreting) of interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions on which sanitary equipment is installed or fixed;

Installation of supports for pipelines laid in underground channels and technical undergrounds;

Preparation of holes, grooves, niches and nests in foundations, walls, partitions, ceilings and coatings necessary for laying pipelines;

Applying auxiliary marks on the internal and external walls of all rooms equal to the design marks of the finished floor plus 500 mm;

Plastering (or cladding) the surfaces of walls and niches in places where drainage pipelines are laid, as well as plastering the surface of grooves for hidden installation of pipelines in external walls;

Installation in accordance with the working documentation of embedded parts in building structures for fastening drainage pipelines.

2.2 Internal PVC drainage systems are installed in mass housing construction, as well as in reconstructed buildings.

2.3 During installation, elements of internal PVC drains are assembled from individual pipe products. The scope of work for the installation of drains from polyethylene pipelines includes:

Marking installation locations for fasteners;

Drilling holes;

Installation of fasteners;

Lowering drains into holes in interfloor ceilings with installation of sleeves;

Connecting pipeline joints using flanges with bolt tightening;

Fastening pipelines with detachable clamps, installing gaskets and tightening bolts.

2.4 PVC pipe products are used in internal drainage systems - for installing drain risers, laying drainage pipelines from drainage funnels in attic spaces; when installing water seals and drainage pipelines from risers in the basements of buildings up to 4 floors high.

2.5 When using PVC pipe products for the installation of internal drainage systems multi-storey buildings should be provided in accordance with requirements SNiP 2.04.01-85* “Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings” conditions fire safety:

It is necessary to provide for hidden installation of drainage risers in installation communication shafts, grooves, channels and boxes, the enclosing structures of which, with the exception of the front panel providing access to the riser, must be made of non-combustible materials (the front panel can be made in the form of an opening door made of combustible material);

In the basements of buildings not equipped for production, storage and office premises, as well as in attics and bathrooms of residential buildings, open laying of drainage pipelines from PVC pipe products is allowed;

The passages of the risers are sealed over the entire thickness of the ceilings plus 8 - 10 cm cement mortar 20 - 30 mm thick, with riser protection with a sleeve made of rolled waterproofing material without any visible gap.

2.6 In all cases, outlets to the blind areas of buildings for internal PVC drains are made of steel pipes; outlet collection pipelines and PVC water seals with steel outlets are connected on flanges.

2.7 Work on installing drains from polyvinyl chloride pipe products must be carried out by workers trained in installation methods and familiar with the properties of polyvinyl chloride.

2.8 Workers carrying out transportation and installation of polyvinyl chloride pipe products and assemblies made from them should be aware of the decrease in the resistance of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride to impact and bending loads at low temperatures and the need for careful handling of them in winter time.

2.9 Parts and assemblies made of PVC can be stored, transported, stored and installed at any ambient temperature, provided that measures are observed and ensured to prevent damage to pipe products made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.

2.10 Pipe products, PVC pipe blanks intended for installation internal systems drains, must be stored on horizontal platforms of on-site warehouses in the area of ​​​​the tower crane and, for a storage period of more than 10 days, protected from direct sunlight.

2.11 The main properties of PVC pipes and pipes produced by JSC NPO "Plastik" must correspond to those indicated in the table .

Table 1- Basic properties of PVC products

	Name	Unit change	Index
	Appearance		The surface of the product must be flat and smooth. Minor roughness, marks from the forming tool, waviness, as well as individual inclusions are allowed.
	Density	g/cm 3	1,38 - 1,43
	Tensile yield strength	MPa (kgf/cm 2)	44,1 (450)
	Elongation at break*		at least 25
	VIKA softening point	°C	at least 79
	Elastic modulus*	MPa	2500 - 3500
	Temperature coefficient of linear expansion	mm/m °С	0,08

2.12 To install drainage risers, it is necessary to use PVC pipes with a diameter of 110 mm in accordance with TU 6-49-0203534-94-93 - in buildings up to 17 floors high and in accordance with TU 6-19-231-87 and TU 6-49-4-88 - in buildings of any number of storeys.

2.13 Drainage prefabricated pipelines in the attic should be installed using polyvinyl chloride sewer fittings according to TU 6-49-33-92 and pipes according to TU 6-19-307-86, and TU 6-49-0203534-94-93 with a diameter of 110 mm .

2.14 It is allowed to use PVC pipe products from other manufacturers. Their quality and suitability must be justified and confirmed by relevant certificates of Russian organizations.

2.15 Installation of a drainage system made of polyvinyl chloride pipes using adhesive joints is carried out in the following sequence:

A steel outlet pipeline is laid in the basement;

A container with pipe blanks is brought to the construction site and lifted by a tower crane to the roof or ceiling of the penultimate floor;

The ends of the pipes are thoroughly cleaned of dirt and the surfaces to be bonded are roughened;

Mark and attach fastening clamps to building structures;

The pipes are lowered, placing them along the entire height of the building;

Seal the transition piece into the socket of the steel outlet pipeline, as shown in the figure;

Prepare glue;

Glue PVC pipes, first degreasing the surfaces to be glued;

After each connection is made, the corresponding pipes are secured by tightening the half-rings of the fastening brackets with bolts and nuts;

Install an audit (on risers with indents);

The steel transition piece is inserted into the compensation socket of the upper drainpipe and attached to the building structures;

The drain pipe of the drain funnel is sealed into the socket of the steel transition piece;

Wrap the pipes in the places where they pass through the ceilings with roofing felt in two layers and secure them with wire.

d

S

S 1min

S 2min

d 1

d 2

lmin

l 1min

l 2min

l 3min

DTo

dTo

50 +0,2

3,2 +0,5

50,3 +0,8

50,9 +1

49,0 +1

6 +0,4

90 +0,3

3,2 +0,5

90,4 +0,8

101 +1

7 +0,4

110 +0,3

3,2 +0,52

110,4 +0,5

120,6

109 +1,4

7 +0,4

Indicator name

Norm

Test method

Shore A hardness, arbitrary units

GOST 18829-73*

Change in hardness after aging in air at 70 °C for 168 hours Shore A, arbitrary units, no more

Estimated flow of rainwater to the drainage riser, l/s

The minimum slopes of branch pipelines should be taken for overhead pipelines 0.005, for underground pipelines - in accordance with the requirements.

2.38 When determining the estimated catchment area, an additional 30% of the total area should be taken into account vertical walls adjacent to the roof and rising above it.

2.39 Drainage risers, as well as all drainage pipelines, including those laid below the floor of the first floor, should be designed at a pressure that can withstand hydrostatic pressure in the event of blockages and overflows.

2.40 Assembly units for drainage risers made of polyvinyl chloride with a diameter of 110 mm with cast iron funnels are accepted taking into account the type of connections shown in the figure .

2.41 Water from internal drainage systems should be discharged into external networks of rainwater or common sewerage systems. When justified, it is allowed to provide for the drainage of water from internal drainage systems into the industrial sewerage system of uncontaminated or reused wastewater. It is not allowed to drain water from internal drains into the domestic sewer system or connect sanitary fixtures to the internal drain system.

Name

Type, brand, GOST

Technical specifications

Quantity

Flatbed car

KAMAZ-55111

Bench hammer

Type 2

GOST 2310-77*

Weight, kg0.8

Bench chisel

GOST 7211-86*

20 ´ 70°

Metal measuring tape

GOST 7502-98

For marking and control of work

Folding metal meter

Same

Construction level

US-1-300

GOST 9416-83

Length 300 mm

Plumb

O-200

GOST 7948-80

Double-sided open-end wrench for M10, 12, 14, 16 bolts

17 ´ 19, 22 ´ 24

GOST 2839-80*

10 ´ 12; 12 ´ 13; 13 ´ 14; 14 ´ 17

Caulk

Rubber gloves (pair)

Bucket

Blunt sledgehammer

GOST 11401-75*

Sanding paper

№ 10 - 16

GOST 6456-82*

For stripping plastic pipelines

Three-section portable tool box

VNII MSS

Trimming mounting device

UTPM-110

Trimming of plastic pipelines

Welding installation device

USPM-110

Welding of plastic pipelines

Welding installation heater

NSPM-110

Heating of plastic pipes

Single-roll block

Load capacity up to 1.0 t

Hand winch

Load capacity 3.2 t

Fabric sling

Rubber ring

PC.

Drain funnel

PC.

Pipe branch

PC.

6 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

6.1 The costs of labor and machine time for the installation of internal drains from polyvinyl chloride pipelines are calculated according to the “Unified Standards and Prices for Construction, Installation and Repair Work”, introduced in 1987, and are presented in the tabledriver, man-hours, (operation of machines, machine-hours)

E 9-1-41 No. 1

Acquisition and delivery of materials and products

E 7-4 No. 8 (applicable)

Installation of storm drains

PC

E 9-1-4 No. 3e

Laying drains

0,19

19,0

E 9-1-4 No. 3e

Installation of branch pipes and outlet pipelines

0,19

E 9-1-4 No. 3e

E 20-1-245 No. 3 (applicable)

Construction of horizontal sections of the underground network and outlets

0,19

0,37

16,8

E 9-1-8 Table 2 No. 4

Working check of the drainage system as a whole

100 m

E 9-1-8 table 2 No. 5

Final check of the entire system

100 m

1,50

1,50

6.2 The duration of work on the installation of internal drains from polyvinyl chloride pipelines is determined calendar plan execution of work according to the table .

VSN 48-96 “Departmental building standards for the installation of internal sewerage and drains from PVC pipes in residential and public buildings”

10 SP 40-102-2000 “Design and installation of pipelines for water supply and sewerage systems made of polymer materials. General requirements".



At installation of internal drains install drainage funnels, lay risers and outlet pipes, lay horizontal pipelines and outlets. The sequence of work is determined by the state of construction work at the site: if, before installation, the upper floor slabs on which the funnels are located are laid, then it is recommended to begin the installation with the installation of the funnels. In the absence of floor slabs and the presence of columns and trusses, work begins with laying risers and outlet pipes.

Drainage funnels (Fig. 18, a) are installed after completion of work on the roof of buildings. The funnel is placed in the hole provided for it. The connection between the funnel and the roof must be rigid and waterproof. In a roof made of rolled materials, at the junction of the drainage funnel, two additional layers of waterproofing must be installed, which, after leveling, are firmly pressed to the funnel body with a flange. To compensate for temperature and sedimentary deformations, the funnel is connected to the riser using compensation sockets 2, followed by elastic sealing.

Outlet pipes from drainage funnels are laid with a slope of 0.005 towards the riser. They are secured with hangers and clamps after approximately 2 m.

Installation of gutters

Fig. 18. Installation of gutters

• a - drainage funnels,
• b - plastic risers,
• c - hydraulic valve;
• 1 – cleaning,
• 2 - bell,
• 3 - resin strand,
• 4 - cement,
• 5 – pipe,
• 6 – plastic pipeline,
• 7 - transition piece,
• 8 - drainage funnel

Gutter risers are laid vertically along a plumb line near walls or columns. The diameter of the riser is taken equal to or greater than the diameter of the drainage funnel. Audits are installed on the lower floor and above the indentations at a height of 1 m from the floor. Risers from socket pipes laid from bottom to top.

Installation of drainage risers from PVC pipes is carried out from the bottom up. The pipes are connected using rubber rings or glue.

The distance between pipes and building structures must be at least 20 mm. The riser is secured on each floor with a clamp under the socket. At places of passage through building construction the riser is enclosed in a sleeve.

Small-diameter risers (75...110 mm) made of plastic pipes (Fig. 18, b), wound into coils, are laid from top to bottom. When pulling pipes through holes in ceilings, they must be protected from damage. The plastic pipe is connected to a funnel or steel pipe using special steel pipes 5 and a transition piece 7. The drain risers are fixed at a distance of no more than 3 m.

Horizontal pipelines are laid in the same way as sewer pipelines. Since rainwater is cleaner than runoff, pipe slopes are taken to be smaller: 0.02; 0.008; 0.005; 0.004 for pipes, respectively, Dy = 50, 100, 150, 200 mm. Cleanings are installed every 10 m on Dy 50 pipes and after 15 m on Dy 100, 150 mm pipes.

On drains with an open outlet, water seals with a height of 100 mm are installed, which are made from steel pipes.

In winter, the funnels of internal drains are closed to prevent snow and ice from getting into them.

Modern autonomous from stock

These include:

1) atmospheric water receivers - drainage funnels;

2) outlet pipes connecting drainage funnels to risers;

3) drainage risers;

4) underground drainage network (outlets);

5) devices for inspecting and cleaning the network.

Drainage funnels are shaped like bell-shaped and flat. Flat drainage funnels for flat roofs (terraces) where people can stay (solariums, cafes) (see Figure 1a).

Figure 1. Main types of drainage funnels: a) - flat BP10 for flat roofs; b) - bell-type VR7m for pitched roofs; 1 - drain pipe; 2 - pressure flange; 3 - cap, grille; 4 - fasteners; 5 – asbestos-cement pipe

Bell funnels are installed on unused roofs.

Funnels are made of cast iron. It is especially important that the connection between the funnel and the roof is waterproof and elastic. Drain funnels come in diameters of 50, 75, 100 and 150 mm (pipe diameter).

The total area of ​​the funnel's water intake openings must exceed the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe by at least 2 times. Install at least 2 funnels on a flat roof.

Funnels must be installed in low parts of the roof, in valleys; the slope of the roof to the funnels must be at least 0.01. The roof should not have places where water could accumulate and stagnate, and where drainage funnels cannot be placed.

The funnels are arranged so that the distance between them on each longitudinal axis of the building does not exceed 48 meters for any type of roof.

On flat roofs In residential buildings, 2 funnels should be placed per section.

At expansion joints, 2 funnels are installed on both sides of the seam. If they are connected to a common riser or branch line, elastic connections should be provided that allow the pipes some movement and at the same time are sealed.

The connection of drainage funnels to risers should be provided using expansion sockets with elastic sealing.

Branch pipes are used to connect drainage funnels to the risers of the internal drainage network. They are laid in attics and technical floors; suspended lines are used in industrial buildings. It is not permitted to lay overhead lines over equipment and products that do not allow moisture to enter them.

They are constructed from cast iron socket-type free-pressure pipes in the absence of vibrations, steel (with vibration) or plastic pipes. On suspended networks, inspections and cleaning are carried out every 20 m with a diameter of up to 150; every 25 m with a diameter of up to 200 mm.

The diameter of the outlet pipe must be no less than the diameter of the outlet pipe of the funnel.

The minimum slope in suspended pipelines is i = 0.005, the maximum diameter of suspended pipes is 300 mm.

It is recommended to place the initial section of a suspended line that drains water from several funnels at a distance from the roof equal to at least 12 funnel diameters to increase its throughput.

Gutter risers receive atmospheric water from drainage lines and transfer them to the underground drainage network. Risers are installed near walls, partitions or columns in heated rooms away from external walls. Installed openly or in furrows, shafts. In residential buildings, risers are usually located in staircases, corridors, utility rooms. Laying risers and outlet pipes in apartments is not permitted. It is not allowed to embed drainpipes into blocks and wall panels.

The risers are made of cast iron, asbestos-cement or plastic pipes, depending on the height and purpose of the building. Their diameter must be no less than the diameter of the connected outlet pipes and is usually accepted as 100, 150 and 200 mm.

For cleaning, inspections are installed on the risers on the lower floor at a height of 1 meter from the floor; if there are indents - above the indents. Testing risers upon acceptance - filling to the funnel.