Making wooden stretchers. Construction stretchers - dimensions, type, instructions for production How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands - step-by-step diagram

K category: Carpentry work

Making wooden stretchers

General work planning

Knowing how to plan bars exactly to specified dimensions, you can make many different and necessary things, for example, a stretcher, a wheelbarrow (Fig. 1, 2). As always, you need to start by making a plan.

After reviewing natural samples and the technical drawing of the product, they select bars from which blanks can be sawed off for parts of the required length (Fig. 3). The blanks are taken with an allowance - slightly more the right size in length, width and thickness.

The sawn blanks are planed according to the dimensions indicated in the technical drawing. After such processing, the workpieces are marked along the length and the allowance is sawed off.

Rice. 1. Stretcher. 2 pcs

Rice. 2. Wheelbarrow

Rice. 3. Stretcher parts

Rice. 4. Assembling stretcher parts

Then they begin the final processing of the parts. Blanks for handles are rounded at the ends, and blanks for the side walls of the body have rounded corners. All parts are sanded and connected to each other with nails and screws (Fig. 4). The finished product is sanded again.

Don’t forget that before you tighten the screw, you need to either drill a hole in the part or prick it with an awl (why?).

Here overall plan work on the manufacture of stretchers:
1. After reviewing the technical drawing, sample, select necessary materials, tools.
2. Make two handles.

Rice. 5. Heating of stretcher handles according to size

3. Make legs.
4. Make the body of the stretcher.
5. Assemble the product and sand it.
6. Disassemble the sample into parts.
7. Measure the length, width and thickness of all parts.
8. Select blanks for the parts of the stretcher from the sawn bars.
9. Calculate the total length of all the walls of the body.

Stretcher handles

First, the bars for the handles must be cut to the dimensions (width and thickness) indicated in the technical drawing. Then the blanks are marked with a pencil, ruler and square. Mark the length of the handle (leaving allowance for sawing) and the places where the block needs to be rounded.

Very often there are defects at the ends of the bars. Therefore, marking must be carried out so that these defects can be removed (Fig. 5). The parts are sawed off in a miter box.

Rice. 6. Rounding handles in workbench clamps

The ends of the handles are rounded using a plane. The block is fixed on the workbench, as shown in Fig. 6.

First, thick chips are removed (Fig. 7, a), and then thinner and thinner (Fig. 7, c). When rounding the corners of the block, you need to turn it all the time, especially when removing thin shavings. Try to plan the handle so that it is round at the ends.

The second handle for the stretcher is made in the same sequence.

Rice. 7. Rounding the handles of the stretcher:

Particular attention should be paid to processing rounded surfaces. After all, the round handle is very comfortable to hold in your hand; when working, scratches and calluses will not appear on your fingers and palms.

The handle secured in the clamps of the workbench is covered with cloth-based sandpaper and, moving it, the part is cleaned across the grain (Fig. 8). After this, the block is wrapped in sandpaper and the part is processed along the fibers (Fig. 9).

A well sanded handle is round in shape and has no scratches, protrusions or corners. The quality of work is checked by carefully examining the manufactured part and comparing it with the sample.

Fig.8. Stripping round pen tape of skins

Rice. 9. Sanding the round handle with sandpaper on the pillow

Below is a work plan for making a pen:
1. Select the pieces and cut them to size.
2. Mark the length and outline the border of the rounding of the parts.
3. Saw off the allowance along the length of the workpieces,
4. Round the ends of the handles with a plane.
5. Clean the parts with sandpaper.

Body

The body of the stretcher is very similar to the body of a dump truck, which does not have a tailgate. The body is assembled from four parts: three walls and a bottom. Two walls are slightly longer than the third, and the width and thickness of all walls are the same.

Before you begin manufacturing body parts, you need to carefully read the technical drawing and sample and draw up a work plan.

Rice. 10. Rounding the corners of the side walls of the stretcher body: a - marking according to the template; b - corner heating; c - corner rounding

First, the workpieces are selected and planed exactly to size (width and thickness). Then the bars are marked along the length and the allowance is sawed off in a miter box. For longer pieces, the corners must be rounded. Mark the rounding points according to the template.

You can round the corners with a chisel and a file. But it is better and faster to cut the corners with a saw, and then round them with a chisel and file them (Fig. 10).

All parts are carefully sanded and the body is assembled. First, the side walls are connected to each other with nails, and then the bottom is nailed to them. After this, the entire body is sanded again.

Work plan for the manufacture of the stretcher body:
1. Select materials and plan workpieces of a given size.
2. Mark the length of the parts and saw off the allowance.
3. Mark the rounding points of the side walls according to the template and round the corners.
4. Clean the parts with sandpaper.
5. Connect the side walls with nails.
6. Connect the side walls of the body with the bottom with nails.
7. Clean the body with sandpaper.

Product assembly

All the main parts of the stretcher (handles, legs, body) are made. All that remains is to connect them together, and the stretcher is ready.

Nails and screws will be required to connect individual parts and stretcher parts. The body is attached to the handles with nails 1-5-20 mm long, and then with screws of the same length. You can use screws with countersunk and semicircular heads. The legs are secured with screws 25-30 mm long. Remember how to correctly connect parts with screws.

Stretcher assembly:
1. Mark the places for driving nails and screwing in screws, connect the body and handles together.
2. Connect the legs and handles with screws.
3. Clean the stretcher with sandpaper.
4. Cover ready product drying oil or varnish.

Construction stretchers have been used for repair, household and domestic purposes since the times of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, and at the same time they have not lost their relevance in the era of space flights, innovations and microelectronics.

Stretchers - basic definitions

No matter how rapidly technological progress develops, it is not able to completely abolish the manual carrying of goods. Perhaps this will happen in the distant future, when there is a place for robots in every household, but today such a prospect looks fantastic. And ordinary stretchers are more than realistic and quite universal.

Stones are carried using a stretcher, ceramic tile, bricks for laying fireplaces, cinder blocks for building walls and, in general, any piece of building materials. They are convenient for transporting various bulk cargoes - from cement and sand to pebbles and crushed stone. On a stretcher you can remove debris from a construction site, leaves, grass and roots from personal plots. They are used for unloading feed, fertilizers and as a mobile container for many other household tasks.

Using any stretcher requires the work of two people with relatively similar strength and endurance. If you don’t have a partner, you will have to use a garden cart or wheelbarrow as widely as possible - it is simply impossible to use a stretcher alone. Unless you carry them in an unloaded state and move them from place to place, which is unlikely to help in repairs or construction.

Types of construction and utility stretchers

According to the material of manufacture, construction stretchers are distinguished: plastic, metal and wooden:

• Plastic stretchers - strictly speaking, only the main container is made of plastic, and the handles of many models are made of wood. They are usually used for carrying bulk cargo, since they do not spill out of such stretchers. The maximum load capacity reaches 100-120 kg. Unfortunately, the most durable plastic can split or crack from one careless blow, and you will have to purchase the tool again;
• Metal stretcher. Their container is made of sheet metal (with or without a steel frame), the handles can also be upholstered in metal. They have maximum strength and a load capacity of up to 200 kg. However, the cost of a tin body is very significant, and its suitability for repair is low. It is easy to cut yourself or injure yourself on such stretchers during work;
• Wooden stretcher. Convenient for any construction, repair and economic purposes, they are easy to make yourself and easy to repair if necessary. Among the disadvantages, we can note the large weight - moving even an empty device will require more effort than carrying a metal or plastic “colleague”.

The standard dimensions of construction stretchers relate to the dimensions of the cargo container and are 20-30 cm deep, 50-60 cm wide and 70-90 cm long. total length the handles lie within 150-160 cm, so that it is possible to turn the stretcher when loaded on flights of stairs.

Why do self-production ordinary stretchers, if this product is not in short supply for hardware stores? Firstly, because retail chains usually offer plastic and metal stretchers. The former have an unacceptably short service life, and the latter have a very significant cost.

Secondly, there is often a need to make a stretcher of a specific size, but it is difficult to select the entire set of finished dimensions. Thirdly, when making a wooden stretcher yourself, you can build a transforming device (which no store will offer you). Let me outline the guidelines for such a design in full detail.

How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands?

From materials we will need a board 25-30 mm thick, a thin sheet of galvanized metal and an extended set for woodworking - a hacksaw, a jigsaw, a screwdriver, a drill and fastening fittings.

How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands - step-by-step diagram

Step 1: Cutting out the handles

Curly handles are cut out of a board 10-12 cm wide and 3-4 cm thick, which will serve as the basis for all stretchers. The middle part of the board remains unchanged, and a small chamfer is removed from the edges on top, and a deep cut is made from below, to a length of 35-40 cm on each side. This reduces total weight handles, they are given a shape that is convenient for gripping. It is best to apply the pattern of future cutouts on both boards according to the template and strictly adhere to it when processing. How more precisely the size both handles, the more convenient it is to use the finished stretcher, since they will have an equilibrium balance. Cut out the handles carpentry workbench, securing them securely in a vice or wedges.

Step 2: Assembling the stretcher base

Taking two boards exactly the same width as the uncut handles, we fix them at a distance of 50-65 cm from each other, constructing the frame of the future stretcher. The length of these cross boards determines the width of the stretcher and is 50-60 cm. Fastening of the cross bars is carried out with self-tapping screws with a length of 60 mm, in increments of 3 cm, on a flat surface, checking the squareness of all nodes. When the cross boards are fixed, they must be reinforced with four steel corners with the inner (invisible) side of the frame. It is better to choose corners with long “shelves”, which have 3-4 mounting holes on each side. Additional fittings will give the entire structure high strength and allow it to carry loads weighing more than 100 kg.

Step 3: Build the deck

Boards with a thickness of 25 mm or more are laid on the finished frame, and this is done according to a strictly defined procedure. On one side, the flooring boards are exactly “flush” with the dimensions of the stretcher, but on the other, they should protrude about 5 cm beyond the dimensions. Two boards are attached first from the ends of the flooring - they rest on both the handles themselves and on the transverse boards. Fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws with a length of 50 mm, with a high frequency of installation steps - at least 3 cm between screws. The following flooring elements are attached only from the end parts, where the handles lie under them. Middle board you will have to cut it exactly to length and place it in the resulting groove, securing it with at least one screw on each side.

Step 4: Raise the sides and arrange the bottom

Now you can fasten two short sides and one long one - the one on the leveled side of the flooring. For the sides use a board with a thickness of 20 mm. It is most convenient to attach the sides to steel corners, and from the outside - if the fittings are located inside the stretcher, it will become clogged with bulk cargo, it can easily be damaged by massive bricks, etc. A sheet of galvanized metal is placed on the bottom, cut exactly to its size. Galvanized fasteners are made short assembly nails with wide caps, in increments of 10-12 cm. At the same stage, it is convenient to put special rubberized attachments on the handles at a distance of 2-3 cm from the ends, so as not to damage the hands if the loaded stretcher accidentally hits an obstacle.

Step 5: Making a folding side

The final stage of independent “stretcher construction” is associated with the manufacture and fastening of the folding side. This part is useful when transporting light and bulk cargo, especially over long distances. A board of small thickness (from 15 mm) and length is tried on the open side of the flooring; its width may slightly exceed the height of our stretchers. Rotary hinges are attached to the protruding end of the flooring and the mobile side. Along the edges of this side it is worthwhile to provide fittings for fixing it in the folded state - latches, hooks, etc. This is an approximate “recipe” for how to make a universal stretcher from wooden planks. If carrying bulk cargo is not relevant for you, then stage 5 can be omitted - bricks, cinder blocks and bags of cement can be moved with one open side, which even makes loading and unloading easier.

The most gentle way to transport victims is to carry them on a stretcher.
If stretchers are not available, they can be made from scrap materials. You should learn how to make them in advance.
A stretcher can easily be made from two poles and blankets or sheets, a raincoat, a piece of tarpaulin, a mattress cover, two bags, one or two coats, straps, ropes, wires and similar material. How more options imitation of a sanitary stretcher is known to students, the sooner in a difficult situation they will find The best way
carrying the victim.
It is advisable at school to make educational models of stretchers (scale 1:10), created from all kinds of available materials, and display them for inspection by all students. This will develop ingenuity and resourcefulness in students.

Methods for making sanitary stretchers from a variety of available materials are described in publicly available textbooks, books, brochures, and on Internet sites.
Carrying victims on stretchers is hard work, so it is natural to want to replace carrying with removal: in the summer - on wheeled devices, and in the winter - on sleds (drags). Models of these devices are made to the same scale as the stretcher models.

To make it easier to carry victims on a stretcher, a stretcher strap is used, which relieves the load on the hands of the porters and transfers the weight of the stretcher to the back muscles. The labor productivity of porters when using a stretcher strap increases on average by two times. The stretcher strap can be sewn from durable cotton fabric (tarpaulin). It is a double belt 3600 mm long and 65 mm wide. with a metal buckle at the end. After providing first aid, victims who cannot move independently must be carried out and removed from the affected area. For many of them the first health care will be only preliminary, since they need subsequent assistance from medical personnel ( nurse , paramedic, doctor) at a medical station. To extract victims, carry them out and deliver them to a medical station, there are various ways

dragging and carrying out without a stretcher, on a stretcher and with the help of improvised means.

The entire civilian population must be able to drag and carry out victims on stretchers, without stretchers and with the help of improvised means.

A very convenient method is to place the victim on his back, with his hands tied at the hands. The person providing assistance kneels with his legs spread over the victim’s body, and he tied hands puts it on his neck. Leaning on his hands, the person providing assistance lifts and gradually pulls away the victim, as shown in Fig. 28.

Rice. 28. Pulling away the victim while moving on his knees.

Rice. 29. Carrying the victim on a strap or belts folded into a ring.

Rice. 30. Carrying the victim on a strap folded in a figure eight.

If it is possible to move up, it is easiest to carry the victim using a stretcher strap or two waist belts connected together, folded in a figure of eight or a ring, as shown in Fig. 29 and 30. For a long distance, it is most convenient to carry the victim on the shoulder (Fig. 31), if there is no strap or belts. It is much easier to carry the victim together. A very common method of removal by two people using a “lock” from their hands (Fig. 32).

It is most convenient to carry the victim out on a stretcher (Fig. 33); they allow two or four people to carry it. If there are two people carrying a stretcher, they should not keep pace. When carried by four people, two people walk on the sides of the stretcher, supporting them by the bars. As they move, the pairs change. On level ground, the victim is carried feet first so that the person walking behind can observe his face (Fig. 34). Stretchers can also be made from improvised materials (Fig. 35).

Rice. 31. Carrying the victim on the shoulder.

Rice. 32. Removal on the “lock” from the hands.

Rice. 33. Sanitary stretchers in expanded and folded form.

Rice. 34. Carrying on a stretcher by four people.

Rice. 35. Stretchers from improvised means:
a - from two poles and straps;
b - from two poles and a mattress pillowcase;
c - from two poles and two bags.

To place the victim on a stretcher, mainly two techniques are used. Of the four rescuers, three kneel down facing the lying victim and, placing their hands under him, simultaneously lift him and place him on an open stretcher, which the fourth brings under the victim. Two rescuers can use a little-known method, but, as can be seen from Fig. 36, light and comfortable.

You can use a chair instead of a stretcher. The victim sits on a chair, one porter walks behind and holds the back of the chair, and the second walks in front and holds the chair by the top part front legs, placing your body between the victim’s legs.

Rice. 36. Laying the victim on a stretcher together.