What is just a proposal? Types of sentences (simple and complex)
Father washes the car.
Children play on the lawn.
Twilight.
Grandma is resting.
Grammatical structure
complicated and uncomplicated.
Spring came. Spring came!
One-piece and two-piece
Thaw.
Beautiful girl.
It's getting light.
The beauty is incredible!
It's raining.
Complete and incomplete
I look at the moon.
The train passes the bridge.
He is with her.
The July sun is shining brightly.
Finally the weather cleared up.
Beautiful slender girl.
The sun is shining.
The weather has cleared up.
Young woman.
);
);
Applications ( );
);
);
);
).
This or Here
Not.
Exercise 208.
Homogeneous members of the sentence
The concept of homogeneous members of a sentence.
2. Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions and applications.
Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous applications
Applications connected by a non-union connection are homogeneous if they denote close (adjacent, presupposing each other) features of the word being defined. In this case they are separated by commas. At the same time, regardless of the position in relation to the word being defined, they are isolated. For example: Poet, strategist, satirist and Cossack, partisan leader across the ice of the swamps, you threw your regiments into the fire of attacks like a whirlwind of colorful dolmans [about Denis Davydov].
Heterogeneous applications characterize the subject from different sides and come before the word being defined: Today he talks to you President of the Schools Foundation A. Dovzhenko(job title) psychotherapist(specialty) Oleg Novikov.
Complex sentence
The concept of a compound sentence.
Types of complex sentences with various conjunctions.
Syntactic analysis of complex sentences.
Non-union complex sentences
Direct and indirect speech
The syntax of the text also considers the concepts of direct and indirect speech. Sentences can convey the speech of the speaker as well as the speech of another person. In this case, the speech of another person can be transmitted as it was pronounced, without changing not only the meaning, but also the form, and also with only the meaning retained, but with a change in form. For example: The old man looks ahead at the road and says: "Here, in the mountains, We discovered thousands of tons of oil"(B. Gorbatov); The old man looks ahead at the road and says, what's here, in the mountains, we discovered thousands of tons of oil. In the first case, someone else's speech, transmitted without changing its meaning and form, is called direct. Direct speech is always placed in quotation marks. In the case when someone else's speech is conveyed while maintaining its meaning, it is called indirect. Indirect speech is formalized as a subordinate clause.
Sentences with direct speech also necessarily contain so-called author’s words, i.e. words of the author that introduce direct speech. The author's words are characterized by the use of verbs of speaking, thought, perception, expression of will: speak, think, recall, decide, order etc. If direct speech comes after the author’s words, it begins with a capital letter and is preceded by a colon: The command sounded on the radio: "". If direct speech occurs before the words of the author, it is followed by a comma and a dash or a question (exclamation) mark and a dash. Author's words begin with a lowercase letter. For example: " Prepare for landing. Fasten your seat belts " , - a command sounded over the radio. If the author's words are in the middle of direct speech, there are three possible options for placing punctuation marks depending on the place of the break: 1) there is no punctuation mark at the place of the break or there should be a comma, semicolon, colon or dash; in this case, the author's words are highlighted on both sides with a comma and a dash, and after the author's words, the sentence continues with a lowercase letter: "Prepare for landing , - a command sounded on the radio, - fasten your seat belts "; 2) there should have been a dot at the break point; in this case, a comma and a dash are placed before the author’s words, and a dot and a dash after the author’s words. Direct speech continues with a capital letter: "Prepare for landing , - a command sounded over the radio. - Fasten your seat belts "; 3) there should be a question or exclamation mark at the break point. In this case, these signs are preserved before the author’s words and another dash is placed, after the author’s words a dot and a dash are placed, and direct speech continues with a capital letter: "Prepare to land! - a command sounded over the radio. - Fasten your seat belts! "
As an example of direct speech, let us cite the words of the President’s oath Russian Federation, which he pronounces in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation at the inauguration.
When exercising the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, I swear to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and defend the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the state, to faithfully serve the people.
Indirect speech- this is part of a complex sentence that conveys the content of someone else’s speech on behalf of the speaker, and not on behalf of the one who actually said it: The head of the company said, that it is urgent to conclude a new agreement. Indirect speech does not convey the peculiarities of the form and intonation of someone else’s speech and is thereby contrasted with direct speech. The head of the company said: “We urgently need to conclude a new contract.” Sentences with indirect speech are in form a complex sentence with an explanatory clause. In this case, the author's words act as the main sentence.
Indirect speech is attached to the words of the author through conjunctions What, as if, to, allied words Who, What, Which, How, Where, When, Why etc., as well as a particle whether. With the help of unions What, as if the content of narrative sentences is conveyed: Writes, What, they say, you will work for six months in carpentry, and there in our region they will give you new book (M. Sholokhov). With the help of the union to the content of incentive offers is transmitted: Writes, for me to come to him. Sentences with connecting words What, Who, Which, Where, When, Why etc. and with a question particle whether convey the content of interrogative sentences: The passenger asked me, what station is this (where we stayed; when we arrive at our final destination). A question that is conveyed in indirect speech is called indirect. There is no question mark at the end of an indirect question: The teacher asked, what is a synonym? Author's words usually precede indirect speech and are separated from it by a comma.
If information is transmitted in the form of indirect speech, then the person of the pronoun and the person of the verb change, and the events are considered from the point of view of the speaker:
If the main and subordinate clauses talk about the same character, he may not be named in the subordinate clause. (That’s why it’s in parentheses in the example sentences in the right column.)
There is also an improperly direct speech, which is a stylistic device in fiction, which consists in combining the author’s narrative and the speech of the character into one whole. The manifestation of the author's narration are pronouns and personal forms of the verb as in indirect speech, and the manifestation of direct speech (character) is lexical-syntactic and stylistic features. Unlike indirect speech, improperly direct speech is formed not as a subordinate clause, but as an independent one. Wed: a) direct speech: The artist finished the painting, stepped aside, thought: " It turned out well. Time to order a frame"; b) indirect speech: The artist finished the painting, stepped aside, thought, that turned out well and it’s time to order a frame ; c) improperly direct speech: The artist has finished the painting. He stepped aside. I thought. It turned out well. It's time to order frame. Improper direct speech allows the author to seem to think and speak for the characters: The old man did not sleep a wink all night. Thought. By morning I decided: No ,similar .
You never know how similar! And why shouldn’t he admit it? Maybe,didn’t want to worry your soul for nothing? He was wonderful from a young age...
"Really Grinka?"
A week later, the old men received a telegram:
"Kvasov Anisim Petrovich.
Your brother Grigory Stepanovich died on the twelfth. Please pass it on. The Kvasov family."
There was a brother. Grinka(V. Shukshin).
Exercise 262.
Lecture: A simple sentence. Types of simple sentences
A simple sentence is one that consists of one or more grammatically combined words that express a complete thought. This is the basic grammatical unit of syntax. In a simple sentence there should be only one grammatical basis(predicative center).
Father washes the car.
Children play on the lawn.
Twilight.
Grandma is resting.
A simple sentence is the main structural type of sentences in the Russian language, which is used to construct complex sentences.
Spring has come + The snow has melted = Spring has come, the snow has melted.
Grammatical structure
There are main and minor members of a simple sentence. The main ones are the subject (answers the questions “who? what?”) and the predicate (answers the questions “what is he doing? what did he do? what will he do?”) - name the object that is the subject of the action (subject) and the action itself performed by the subject (predicate). The subject and predicate are interconnected and constitute the predicative center. Secondary ones - addition, definition, circumstance - explain the predicate and/or subject or other minor members and depend on them syntactically.
An old tram was moving slowly along hot rails.
In this sentence the subject is “tram”, the predicate is “rode”. The definition of “old” depends on the subject “tram”. The predicate “drove,” which is connected with the subject “tram,” governs the object “on the rails” and has the dependent adverbial “slowly.” The complement, in turn, also has a secondary dependent member of the sentence - the definition of “hot”. The entire sentence is divided into a subject group ("an old tram") and a predicate group ("drove slowly on hot rails"). The information below will help you parse sentences quickly and easily.
What are the types of simple sentences?
The following types of simple sentences exist:
non-exclamatory and exclamatory (relative to intonation);
narrative, interrogative, incentive (relative to the purpose of the statement); two-part and one-part (relative to the composition of the grammatical basis);
complete and incomplete (regarding the presence/absence of the necessary members of the sentence); common and non-widespread (relative to the presence/absence of minor members of the sentence);
complicated and uncomplicated.
Exclamation and non-exclamation As for this type, the defining moment is the presence/absence of an exclamation mark.
Spring came. Spring came!
Narrative, interrogative, incentive
The second type indicates the purpose for which this maxim is pronounced: to tell about something (the Danube flows into the Black Sea), to ask about something (When will you finally get married?) or to encourage something (Buy a loaf of bread at dinner).
One-piece and two-piece
What simple sentences can be called one-part sentences? Those whose predicative (grammatical) basis consists only of a subject or only of a predicate.
Thaw.
Beautiful girl.
It's getting light.
If of the main members in a sentence there is only a subject, then such grammatical units are called denominative, or nominative.
The beauty is incredible!
Evening Kyiv with many lights.
If there is only a predicate, then there are several types of such one-part sentences:
Definitely personal (an action is performed by a certain object or person and is expressed by a verb in the form of the 1st and 2nd person singular or plural present or future tense);
Indefinite personal (the predicate is expressed by a verb in the 3rd person plural);
Generalized-personal (the verb is expressed in the form of the 2nd person singular of the present or future tense and the 3rd person plural, but attention is concentrated on the action itself);
Impersonal ( actor not grammatically expressed).
A sentence whose predicative center consists of two members is called two-part.
It's raining.
Complete and incomplete
A simple sentence can be complete or incomplete. A sentence is considered complete if it contains all the main and minor members necessary for the construction and completeness of the expression of the meaning.
I look at the moon.
The train passes the bridge.
In incomplete, the main or minor member of the sentence is missing, but it is clear from the context or situation of speech.
She greeted the teacher.
He is with her.
The word “hello” is missing here, but it is clear to the listener based on the context. Common and non-common A simple sentence can be common (there are minor members that serve to explain the main ones) and non-common (consists only of a predicative center, there are no minor members). Examples of common sentences:
The July sun is shining brightly.
Finally the weather cleared up.
Beautiful slender girl.
Examples of uncommon sentences:
The sun is shining.
The weather has cleared up.
Young woman.
Simple complex sentence
Simple sentences can be complicated:
The homogeneity of different members of the sentence ( He loved quivering sunrises, colorful sunsets, and moonlit nights);
Separate definitions that come after the word that they explain ( The road leading to the waterfall began to twist rapidly);
Applications ( There was a hut near the forest - the forester's dwelling);
Separate additions ( I really liked the film, except for some scenes);
Special circumstances ( After preparing dinner, the mother sat in the kitchen for a long time);
Appeals and introductory constructions ( O youth, how quickly you pass! Spring seems to be late);
By clarifying members proposals ( The accident happened at four in the morning, that is, at dawn).
But a simple complicated sentence is easy to confuse with a complex one. Therefore, you need to be careful and focus on the number of predicative centers
A dash is placed between the subject and the predicate if:
The subject and predicate are expressed as nouns or numerals in I.p.
Both main members are expressed by the infinitive form of the verb.
One main member is expressed by an infinitive, and the other by a noun.
The predicate is preceded by a demonstrative particle This or Here, a dash is placed in front of this particle.
A dash is not placed between the subject and the predicate if:
The predicate is joined by the conjunction as or other comparative conjunctions.
The subject is expressed by a personal pronoun.
The predicate has a negative particle Not.
simple sentence- type of a sentence. Indicates the situation, correlating it with the moment of speech: I’ll leave!; So the summer has passed; Come. In Russian In language, a simple sentence can be constructed without the participation of a syntactic connection: It was getting light; Hot; Spring. Such simple sentences... ... Literary encyclopedia
simple sentence- A sentence containing one predicative unit, that is, not divisible into parts, which in turn would form a sentence. The melancholy monotonous chatter of grasshoppers, the twitching of a corncrake and the cry of a quail did not disturb the night... ...
simple sentence- , I. In syntactic stylistics: a syntactic unit of language that has all the features of a sentence and implements one predicative connection. Functional styles are characterized by selectivity in the use of complex sentences and clauses,... ... Educational dictionary of stylistic terms
complicated simple sentence- A simple sentence containing: a) isolated phrases. It was a pale, tiny creature, reminiscent of a flower that grew without the rays of the sun (Korolenko). The whole world, with foliage, with spring thunder, with its difficult every day,... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms
Offer- the basic unit of coherent speech, characterized by certain semantic (the presence of so-called predication, see below) and structural (choice, arrangement and connection of grammatical forms of words combined in a phrase, the nature of intonation) features. The doctrine of... ... Literary encyclopedia
The sentence is one of the main grammatical categories of syntax, contrasted in its system with the word (and word form) and phrase in forms, meanings and functions (purposes). In a broad sense, this is anything from a detailed syntactic... ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary
offer- 1. SENTENCE, I; Wed 1. to Suggest. P. help. P. services. P. truce. 2. What is offered is offered. Express, support, accept, reject p. Agree, make a proposal. Object to what l. offers.… … encyclopedic Dictionary
Sentence (syntax category)- Sentence, one of the main categories of syntax, contrasted with words and phrases in forms, meaning and functions. In a broad sense, this is anything (from a detailed syntactic structure in a written text from point to point to ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
offer- OFFER, I, Wed. 1. see suggest. 2. What is offered is offered. Insert clause Rationalization clause 3. Request to become a wife. Do, accept clause 4. Receipt of goods on the market. Laws of supply and demand. II. OFFER, I, Wed. IN… … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
PROPOSAL 2- SENTENCE 2, I, Wed. In grammar: a syntactically and intonationally designed structure that expresses a message. Simple, complex p. Main, subordinate p. Personal, impersonal p. Main and distributing members of the sentence. Dictionary… … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Books
- A simple sentence in the aspect of the structural-semantic approach. Monograph, Kazarina Valentina Ivanovna. In the monograph, a simple sentence is considered as a unit of language and speech, its functions are studied, and the typology and structural organization of single-component sentences are presented. For students... Buy for 653 UAH (Ukraine only)
- A simple sentence in modern Russian. Two-part nominal, one-part verbal, one-part nominal, V. S. Yurchenko. The book examines the system of syntax of a simple sentence in modern Russian. In this case, a sentence is understood as a certain set of standard structures that differ from each other...
A simple sentence is one that consists of one or more grammatically combined words that express a complete thought. This is the basic grammatical unit of syntax. A simple sentence must have only one grammatical basis (predicative center).
- Father washes the car.
- Children play on the lawn.
- Twilight.
- Grandma is resting.
A simple sentence is the main structural type of sentences in the Russian language, which is used to construct complex sentences.
- Spring has come + The snow has melted = Spring has come, the snow has melted.
Grammatical structure
There are main and minor members of a simple sentence. The main ones are the subject (answers the questions “who? what?”) and the predicate (answers the questions “what is he doing? what did he do? what will he do?”) - name the object that is the subject of the action (subject) and the action itself performed by the subject (predicate). The subject and predicate are interconnected and constitute the predicative center.
The secondary ones - addition, definition, circumstance - explain the predicate and/or subject or other minor members and depend on them syntactically.
- An old tram was moving slowly along hot rails.
In this sentence the subject is “tram” and the predicate is “rode”. The definition of “old” depends on the subject “tram”. The predicate “drove,” which is connected with the subject “tram,” governs the object “on the rails” and has the dependent adverbial “slowly.” The complement, in turn, also has a secondary dependent member of the sentence - the definition of “hot”. The entire sentence is divided into a subject group ("an old tram") and a predicate group ("drove slowly on hot rails"). The information below will help you parse sentences quickly and easily.
What are the types of simple sentences?
The following types of simple sentences exist:
- non-exclamatory and exclamatory (relative to intonation);
- narrative, interrogative, incentive (relative to the purpose of the statement);
- two-part and one-part (relative to the composition of the grammatical basis);
- complete and incomplete (regarding the presence/absence of the necessary members of the sentence);
- common and non-widespread (relative to the presence/absence of minor members of the sentence);
- complicated and uncomplicated.
Exclamation and non-exclamation
As for this type, the defining moment is the presence/absence of an exclamation mark.
- Spring came. Spring came!
Narrative, interrogative, incentive
The second type indicates the purpose for which this maxim is pronounced: to tell about something (the Danube flows into the Black Sea), to ask about something (When will you finally get married?) or to encourage something (Buy a loaf of bread at dinner).
One-piece and two-piece
What simple sentences can be called one-part sentences? Those whose predicative (grammatical) basis consists only of a subject or only of a predicate.
- Thaw.
- Beautiful girl.
- It's getting light.
If of the main members in a sentence there is only a subject, then such grammatical units are called denominative, or nominative.
- The beauty is incredible!
- Evening Kyiv with many lights.
If there is only a predicate, then there are several types of such one-part sentences:
- definitely personal (the action is performed by a certain object or person and is expressed by a verb in the form of the 1st and 2nd person singular or plural present or future tense);
- indefinite personal (the predicate is expressed by a verb in the 3rd person plural);
- generalized-personal (the verb is expressed in the form of the 2nd person singular of the present or future tense and the 3rd person plural, but attention is concentrated on the action itself);
- impersonal (the character is not grammatically expressed).
A sentence whose predicative center consists of two members is called two-part.
- It's raining.
Complete and incomplete
A simple sentence can be complete or incomplete.
A sentence is considered complete if it contains all the main and minor members necessary for the construction and completeness of the expression of the meaning.
- I look at the moon.
- The train passes the bridge.
In incomplete, the main or minor member of the sentence is missing, but it is clear from the context or situation of speech.
- She greeted the teacher. He is with her.
The word “hello” is missing here, but it is clear to the listener based on the context.
Common and non-common
A simple sentence can be widespread (there are minor members that serve to explain the main ones) and non-common (consists only of a predicative center, there are no secondary members). Examples of common sentences:
- The July sun is shining brightly.
- Finally the weather cleared up.
- Beautiful slender girl.
Examples of uncommon sentences:
- The sun is shining.
- The weather has cleared up.
- Young woman.
Simple sentences can be complicated:
- the homogeneity of different parts of the sentence (He loved tremulous sunrises, colorful sunsets, and moonlit nights);
- separate definitions that stand after the word that is being explained (The road leading to the waterfall began to twist rapidly);
- applications (Near the forest there was a hut - the forester’s dwelling);
- separate additions (I really liked the film, with the exception of some scenes);
- isolated circumstances (Having prepared dinner, the mother sat in the kitchen for a long time);
- appeals and introductory constructions (Oh youth, how quickly you pass! Spring, it seems, will be late);
- with clarifying sentences (The accident happened at four in the morning, that is, at dawn).
But a simple complicated sentence is easy to confuse with a complex one. Therefore, you need to be careful and focus on the number of predicative centers.
Parsing a sentence is easy. You can write a hint diagram for yourself.
Simple sentences are divided into types according to the purpose of the statement, emotional coloring, the composition of the main members, the presence (or absence) of secondary members, the presence or absence of the necessary members of the sentence.
TYPES OF SIMPLE SENTENCES BY PURPOSE OF STATEMENT
According to the purpose of the statement - message, question, motivation - simple sentences are divided into narrative, interrogative, and incentive.
Declarative sentences report an event or fact: The other bank of the river, low and level, stretched somewhere into the distance towards the green walls of the forest (M. Gorky).
In oral speech, in a declarative sentence, the voice rises on one of the members of the sentence and decreases towards the end of the sentence. This is a narrative tone.
Interrogative sentences express the question: Why are you, my old lady, silent at the window? (A. Pushkin). The question is often enclosed in interrogative places -
names, adverbs and particles: Who, under the stars and under the moon, rides a horse so late? (A. Pushkin); Why are you sad, evening sky? (I. Bunin); Do you know Ukrainian night? (N. Gogol).
Interrogative sentences are pronounced with interrogative intonation - raising the voice at the question word and at the end of the sentence.
Incentive sentences express various incentives to action - an order, a request, a call, advice, etc.: Comrade, listen, stand up, smile and tell the world with a challenge (O. Berggolts); Father, let's go! (A. Chekhov); Eat bread and salt, but cut the truth (proverb).
Incentive offers often include appeals. In imperative sentences, predicates are expressed by verbs in the imperative mood. Incentive sentences are pronounced with an incentive intonation - with a raised voice, tensely.
TYPES OF SIMPLE SENTENCES BY EMOTIONAL COLORING
Simple sentences can further express the emotions (feelings) of the speaker and writer. At the same time, they are pronounced with a special intonation of an exclamation: Let us stand with our heads for our homeland! (M. Lermontov). Such sentences are called exclamatory sentences.
Sentences that do not express feeling are called non-exclamatory.
According to the purpose of the statement, every simple sentence can be exclamatory: declarative exclamations, interrogative exclamations, motivating exclamations. For example: How nice it is in the forest! Do you really think that's good? Let's go to the forest!
In exclamatory sentences, pronouns and adverbs, as well as interjections, are used as intensifying particles: Darling, how good! What is there to admire here? Oh, I admit - even though it hurts me - I’m also wrong! (I. Krylov).
TYPES OF SIMPLE SENTENCES ACCORDING TO THE PRESENCE OF MAIN MEMBERS
Based on the presence of main members, simple sentences are divided into two-part and one-part sentences.
The grammatical basis of two-part simple sentences consists of two main members - the subject and the predicate, for example: The white birch tree under my window is covered with snow like silver (S. Yesenin).
In two-part simple sentences, the predicate is usually found after the subject: The endless road runs away like a ribbon into the distance (S. Yesenin).
Note. Often the subject or the words of the subject can be interspersed with the words of the predicate: Foam of dew fogs the dawn, like the depths of the eyes of a bride (S. Yesenin).
This should be taken into account when parsing a simple two-part sentence by members and when naming phrases in such a sentence.
In one-part simple sentences, the grammatical basis consists of one main member - the subject or predicate. Depending on this, they are nominative and verbal.
Denominative sentences are one-part sentences in which the main member is the subject. These sentences report on some object, phenomenon, which is stated to exist in the present, for example: Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant, renews the path on the wood (A. Pushkin).
Nominal sentences are pronounced with the intonation of a message.
Nominal sentences are most often used in journalistic and artistic styles, in colloquial speech.
In verbal one-part simple sentences, the main member is the predicate. Verbal one-part sentences are divided into types depending on the form of the predicate.
Sentences with a predicate - a verb in the form of the 1st or 2nd person - are called definitely personal: Greetings, deserted corner! (A. Pushkin).
Notes 1. In definite-personal sentences, the predicate cannot be expressed by a verb in the form of the 3rd person singular and in the past tense: this person is not definite, and the past tense does not indicate a person at all.
- Definitely personal sentences are synonymous in meaning with two-part sentences, so they are often used to avoid repetition of the same word.
Generalized personal sentences indicate a generalized person. This is usually the 2nd person. The action in these sentences can be attributed to any person, to a group of people, therefore, proverbs often appear in the form of such sentences,” for example: What goes around comes around.
The 3rd person plural form can also have a generalized meaning: Legs stretch across the clothes (proverb).
Impersonal sentences are one-part sentences with a predicate, in which “there is not and cannot be a subject, for example: It’s been chilling in the morning. It’s getting dark quickly.
The predicate in impersonal sentences is usually expressed by impersonal verbs, but they often use personal verbs in the meaning of impersonal ones: The storm blew off the roof.
Verbs in the indefinite form, as well as adverbs with -o(-e), for example: You can’t catch up with the crazy three! (N. Nekrasov); It’s fun to live in such a land! (M. Lermontov).
TYPES OF SIMPLE SENTENCES BY THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF SECONDARY MEMBERS
Based on the presence (or absence) of minor members of the sentence, simple sentences - two-part and one-part - are divided into common and common.
Uncommon simple sentences contain only main members. For example: Cannonballs are rolling, bullets are whistling... (A. Pushkin); It's getting dark. Night.
Common simple sentences contain secondary members: Boring picture! (A. Pleshcheev); The moon shines merrily over the village (I. Nikitin); The blue sky opened between the clouds on an April day (I. Bunin).
Note. One-part sentences in which there are minor members are not uncommon.
TYPES OF SIMPLE SENTENCES BY THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF REQUIRED SENTENCE MEMBERS
Based on the presence or absence of the necessary sentence members, simple sentences are divided into complete and incomplete.
Complete simple sentences are those in which all members of the sentence are present: A rain cloud was approaching from the west. It gradually got dark.
ITJ 174
Incomplete simple sentences are those in which any member is missing - main or secondary, but is easily restored in meaning: A friend went to the library, and I went to the pool.
Offers are divided into simple And complex. Both simple and complex sentences can be common And uncommon, i.e. whether to contain or not to contain, in addition to the main ones, secondary members (definitions, additions, circumstances, etc.): He came very fast. And He came.
Simple sentence
A simple sentence is a syntactic unit formed by one syntactic connection between the subject and the predicate or one main member.
A two-part sentence is a simple sentence with a subject and predicate as necessary components: They laughed. He was smart. The cloud is black, heavy in outline.
A one-part sentence is a simple sentence that has only one main clause (with or without dependent words). There are one-part sentences:
- Vaguely personal: Me called to the director.
- Generalized-personal: Easily you can't get it out and fish from the pond.
- Impersonal: On the street it got dark.
- Definitely personal: Sitting And I'm drawing.
- Infinitive: Be silent ! You already drive.
- Nominative: Night. Street. Flashlight. Pharmacy.
- Incomplete sentence is a sentence in which one or more members (main or secondary) are missing, as indicated by the context or situation: The truth remains the truth, but rumor - rumor. We started talking as if we've known each other forever. You probably know about our work? And about me? I'll put it on this is blue.
Difficult sentence
A complex sentence consists of two or more simple sentences related in meaning and/or by means of conjunctions. Complex sentences are divided into:
- Compound Sentences consist of parts (simple sentences), independent grammatically, connected in meaning and through coordinating conjunctions and, a, but, yes, or, or, however, but, as well as complex coordinating conjunctions neither... nor..., then... then..., either..., or..., not that..., not that... and etc.: The rain has stopped , And The sun has risen. That the phone will ring , That the doorbell will ring.
- Complex sentences consist of parts (simple sentences), one of which is not independent in grammatical and semantic terms; parts are connected using subordinating conjunctions and allied words: what, in order to, where, when, where, why, if (if), how, while, although, therefore, which, which, whose etc., as well as complex subordinating conjunctions: thanks to the fact that, in view of the fact that, due to the fact that, instead of, despite the fact that, before, since etc. The subordinating conjunction and the allied word are always in a subordinate clause: I know , What they are friends. He does not want , to they were waiting for him. Sergey did not answer , because I didn't hear the question.
- Non-union proposals. Parts of a non-union sentence (simple sentences) are almost always independent grammatically, but sometimes unequal in meaning; There are no conjunctions and allied words: The sun was shining, the birches were green, the birds were whistling. I hear a knock on the door. The cheese fell out - such was the trick with it.