DIY winter greenhouse: types of heating. How to make an inexpensive greenhouse with your own hands How to build a 12x6 greenhouse

On summer cottages can be found various forms greenhouses in which both vegetables and flower plants. Thanks to this, you can grow non-seasonal crops throughout the year. The success of the business will depend not only on the design of the greenhouse, but also on what material was used in its manufacture. Our goal is to tell you what types of greenhouses there are, and what material can be used in their construction, and we will also look at how the process of constructing a greenhouse on a summer cottage occurs.

Depending on the design features, greenhouses can be:

• arched;
• single-pitched;
• gable.

The first type of design is characterized by an arc-shaped roof, which allows plants growing inside the greenhouse to receive more daylight. The big advantage of this form is the absence of snow in winter period, so you are not in danger of deformation or damage to the structure.

If you decide to install a greenhouse close to any country building, then the option with pitched roof. This model is very economical, since, in addition to reducing the cost of materials, you also save free space on the site. The only drawback of this design will be the accumulation of snow in winter, which will have to be cleared off to protect the structure from deformation.

The most common option is the gable form of the greenhouse, which is very spacious for plants and people. In some cases, summer residents equip a kind of recreation area in such buildings, which allows them to combine business with pleasure.

Types of greenhouses, their advantages and disadvantages

Today, summer residents have several options for materials that can be used to cover greenhouses and greenhouses. They differ in their structure, price and performance characteristics, so you can choose the material according to your capabilities and requirements.

Most popular material for covering greenhouses there will be:

• glass;
• polycarbonate;
• film.

If you are not limited in funds, then the best option would be glass and polycarbonate greenhouses, which differ in their strength and performance characteristics. Film is a budget option greenhouses, which has been in use for several decades.

You can see what your greenhouse should be like in the video below:

Advantages and disadvantages of greenhouses made of various materials

To figure out which material is better for greenhouses, it is necessary to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Glass

This material is considered the most suitable option.

Its advantages include:

• transparency, which allows you to provide the greenhouse with daylight;
• resistance to chemicals, even if they get on glass, they are easily washed off;
• when exposed to sunlight the material does not emit harmful toxic substances;
• wind resistance.

Its disadvantages include:

Polycarbonate

Polycarbonate is a polymer plastic that is increasingly used in greenhouse coverings.

Its advantages include:

• strength;
• transparency;
• high thermal insulation rates;
• protection of plants from UV rays;
• ease of care.

Its disadvantages are:

Film

This material is distinguished by its ease of use and budget-friendly qualities, especially since the experience of using such material has been confirmed for decades.

Its advantages include:

Its disadvantages include:

• windage;
• poor resistance to frost, which is why it has to be removed after summer use;
• short service life.

DIY greenhouse construction

Summer residents are forced to build greenhouses for growing vegetables or flower crops, firstly, to get a harvest earlier than usual, secondly, to grow crops that are not suitable for a particular climate, and thirdly, to increase the amount of harvest.

Greenhouses allow you to create favorable conditions for the growth of any plant. If it is not possible to purchase a ready-made structure, then you can always build it yourself, using all your skills.

The first question you will have is where to start? So that you don’t have to rack your brains for a long time, we have drawn up an action plan for you, following which you can easily build a greenhouse on your site.

Place for a greenhouse

The first thing you need is to choose a place to locate the greenhouse. To do this correctly, pay attention to the following requirements:

Dimensions and shape of the greenhouse

The second issue you need to decide is the size of the greenhouse. To calculate everything correctly, think about how much and what you will plant in the greenhouse. If you plan to plant tall plants, then best form The greenhouse will be arched or gable, the height of which will provide you with convenient care for your crops. You can calculate the dimensions yourself, or take as a basis the proposed version of a rectangular greenhouse with a gable roof.

The base of the greenhouse can be anything, round, square, rectangular or trapezoidal, it all depends on your capabilities.

Greenhouse frame

The frame is the main part of the greenhouse, so special requirements are imposed on the choice of material. It must be strong and durable, so for its manufacture choose:

• galvanized profile;
• steel profile;
• profile made of galvanized steel, with a square section;
• wooden beams.

The choice of material also depends on your capabilities; even the most budget option - wood - can last quite a long time.

How to make a greenhouse from cellular polycarbonate can be seen in the video:

Greenhouse foundation

In addition to its direct purpose, the foundation plays the role of a pocket in which several high beds are placed. If its construction was carried out incorrectly, this can lead not only to its destruction, but also to cracking of the greenhouse coating. To avoid this, you need to listen to our advice:

It is necessary to install formwork around this trench, lay metal reinforcement bars in it and fill it all with concrete. The height of the foundation must be at least 20 cm.

By following these rules you will create a strong and reliable foundation under the greenhouse, which will not be subject to ground movement.

Frame production and coating

The manufacture of the frame begins with marking the future greenhouse. You have already calculated what size your structure will be and even poured a foundation for it, now you can start assembling the main structure:

Ventilation

Inside the greenhouse, under the influence of sunlight, it is created Greenhouse effect. To create ideal microclimate for plants, greenhouses have to be equipped with a ventilation system.

Ventilation can be provided by vents located on the sides of the greenhouse or doors. Ventilation helps plants planted in a greenhouse get sick less after being transplanted into open ground. But drafts must be avoided so as not to harm them.

When placing such vents in the roof of the greenhouse, you can ensure the movement of warm air to the street, and open doors, will ensure the passage of cool air. There will be no draft, and the air will change.

If you have a small greenhouse, then for good air exchange two vents located on the roof of the greenhouse will be enough.

To make air exchange faster, instead of roof vents it is better to equip side vents, which will be located above the ground.

Conventional ventilation cannot be used to grow tropical plants, so ventilation can be equipped with vents similar to blinds.

Greenhouse tricks

Summer residents who have been working in greenhouses for several years can tell you a lot of tricks on which the yield of vegetables or other crops depends. But everyone, without exception, will answer that growing plants depends on the crop itself, on the amount of heat supplied, on the length of daylight hours, on ventilation, on proper watering and regular feeding.

We will share with you some of these subtleties and tricks:

From all of the above, we can conclude that several types of material can be used to make a greenhouse, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. If you are planning to make a greenhouse yourself, then by adhering to our action plan, you will accomplish this without much difficulty. Remember that equipping a greenhouse with vents is just as necessary as watering the plants.

Hi all!

There is very little time left before the full-fledged gardening season begins. The seedlings have already been planted and the first shoots are appearing. And soon it will need to be planted on your site. Some are planted in open ground, and some in greenhouses.

But, before you plant your seedlings in the greenhouse, you must have it)). You can, of course, buy a greenhouse in a store, but if you are ready to make it yourself, then in this article we will look at the most common options for making it.

Select the greenhouse or project you are interested in:

Before building a greenhouse, you need to determine some points for yourself. Firstly, and this is the most important thing, what will grow in the greenhouse. The size of your structure depends on this. You can put up a large greenhouse, or you can make greenhouses. Next, we choose the place where the greenhouse will be located. And, lastly, the material from which we will make it. The most common material is wood. However, with the advent of various types of building materials, a greenhouse can also be made from plastic pipes, polycarbonate, etc.

According to the shape of the roof, greenhouses are arched, single-pitched and gable. The most common greenhouses in garden plots are gable greenhouses. This roof shape provides good illumination.

Consider the option of a greenhouse that is made of wood. Wood is the best, most profitable and available material. Of course, it is best influenced environment. Therefore, when building a greenhouse, it is necessary to take this factor into account and choose a material for your structure, preferably from hard wood, as well as treat all elements and parts of the greenhouse with various preservatives.

On a note:

Which tree species are considered hard and which are soft? Hard rocks – most of them deciduous trees, and among conifers - larch and swamp cypress. Soft woods are pine, spruce, alder, linden, and aspen.

If your greenhouse is temporary, then you can use inexpensive softwood and practically not spend money on processing it.

If you are installing a greenhouse for a long time, then, in addition to suitable wood, you will need to prepare a foundation. Foundations for greenhouses are different. You can choose the most suitable one depending on the design of your greenhouse.

Foundation made of timber or railway sleepers.We prepare a trench in which we lay timber or sleepers on the roofing paper. Everything is connected with metal brackets. After this, the frame is installed.

If strong winds prevail in your area, then a columnar foundation is suitable for you. Concrete base It is laid deep enough, which helps keep the greenhouse in place even if a hurricane begins.To build such a foundation, you will need pipes with a diameter of 20 cm, which must be installed in the ground below the frost line (from 90 cm to 1.2 m). If your greenhouse measures 3x6 m (usually this is the standard), then you will need to install 6 poles. The beams are placed on them and connected to each other and to the frame in the same way as in the previous method.

Block foundation. A trench is dug around the perimeter of your greenhouse into which concrete blocks on a gravel-sand bed. Cement mortar is used to secure them. And already on top of these blocks a frame of large cross-section beams is attached

Strip foundations are installed for greenhouses big size because it can withstand heavy loads. Such a foundation is a concrete pad with a thickness of 30 to 50 cm, poured into a shallow trench. The service life of such a foundation is quite long, so greenhouses on it can be replaced if necessary.

After the foundation is ready, we begin assembling the greenhouse frame. There are quite a lot of options. As mentioned earlier, there are arched, single and gable greenhouses. It is important to choose one that will meet your requirements and the requirements of the area where you will install it. First of all, it all depends on what you are going to grow in the greenhouse and how long it will serve you.

The most optimal (however, standard, found in most gardeners) rectangular greenhouse measuring 3x6 m, with a gable roof. Such a greenhouse is most often covered with plastic film. Many, however, use polycarbonate. But it depends on the possibilities. Polyethylene, of course, will be cheaper. However, it will have to be changed every season.

It is best to start assembling the frame of the future greenhouse by assembling separate sections located parallel to the front and rear walls of the greenhouse. The number of such sections depends on the length of the structure, as well as on the required reliability (the more sections, the less sagging and greater stability).

If you use polycarbonate to cover the greenhouse, then the number of sections will depend on the width of this covering (210 cm). The sections, for example, can be placed at a distance of 0.5-1 m from each other. The dimensions of the sections themselves will be as follows: 1.5-1.6 m for the side walls, 3-meter bars for connecting the upper part and 1.75 m bars for the roof slopes. However, you can choose the sizes yourself.

Below are several schemes from which you can choose the most suitable one for yourself. For example, I was interested in these particular schemes (which is why I took them). But based on all these schemes, I want to make one for myself, according to which I will build my greenhouse.

The figure above shows not only the diagram of the greenhouse, but also the list of materials needed for its construction, as well as their dimensions and consumption. This list is intended for standard sizes 6x2.8 m, however, based on these data you can calculate the number the required material to your size.

Stages of greenhouse construction

As you can see, this is a standard trapezoidal house-shaped greenhouse (with a gable roof). There will be a door at one of the ends (the back of the picture).

We start by installing the supporting beam. As a rule, it is taken for this purpose somewhat wider than the one from which the frame is made. We treat with an antiseptic. This beam is attached to the foundation using metal, anchor bolts, fittings.

The main thing to remember is that the base of the greenhouse should be a solid beam, and not fastened sections. The stability of the greenhouse depends on this.

So, we’ve attached the base to the foundation, let’s move on to the frame itself, and start making it from the walls.

The figure below shows a diagram of a finished wall measuring 5.4 x 1.5 m. There are two such walls, and two end ones. In this diagram, the timber is fastened using grooves. To attach other frame elements you will need self-tapping screws, a metal profile, a corner, and clamps.

Next we move on to installing the rafters. There can be any number of them, but the more, the better the strength and reliability of the roof, as well as. Easier to attach the covering material. We also make grooves in the rafters (see picture).

There is such a thing as a rafter leg. The size of this leg depends on the height of the person. If your height is average, then the length of the rafter leg is 1.27 m, and if you are tall, then 1.35 cm.

In general, the length of the rafter leg is directly related to the width coating material: the width of the polyethylene film sleeve is 3 m, and when unfolded it is 6 m. Based on this, the sum of the lengths of the two rafter legs and two racks should be about 5.8 m. As a result, using polyethylene film measuring 6 x 6 m, you will avoid unnecessary pieces that go to waste.

The number of rafters usually corresponds to the number of racks.

After the rafters have been attached to the side wall posts, we move on to installing the roof ridge (attached to the top groove of the rafters) and wind boards (attached to the side grooves of the rafters). On general scheme greenhouses (first picture) these boards are highlighted in dark color. These three elements of the greenhouse should be made only from solid material.

And finally, when everything is ready, we install a door at the end, and here, or at the opposite end, a window.

That's probably all about installing a greenhouse. Now it can be covered with covering material. Previously, the covering material was mainly polyethylene, sometimes glass. Now they use polycarbonate.

Greenhouse made of polycarbonate and plastic pipes. We do it ourselves

With the development of technology, new materials for construction have appeared. Nowadays, plastic pipes are quite actively used in the construction of greenhouses. It should be noted that I make small greenhouses in my garden only from such pipes. Pipes come in the following types: PVC, polypropylene and metal-plastic.

PVC pipes are the cheapest, but they are all quite easy to install. Therefore, the choice of pipes is yours. The only thing I would like to note is that metal-plastic is somewhat more reliable.

In addition, using plastic pipes, you can already give your greenhouse any shape (which is difficult to do in a wooden one).

Before you start building a greenhouse, you, as in the case of a wooden one, choose what you will plant in it and the place where it will stand. Based on this, you prepare a drawing of the greenhouse in order to purchase required amount material.

Below is an approximate diagram of such a greenhouse with mounting options.

Based on this, we select the required amount of material. For the above scheme, the material consumption will be as follows (prices may vary):

After this, you decide whether your greenhouse will be permanent or temporary (portable). If you are installing it for a long time, then it is best to make a strip or columnar foundation for it. If you install it without a foundation, then you need to dig in metal pins. They should protrude 30 centimeters above the ground surface. It will be necessary to put the greenhouse frame on them. To do this, we put pipes on these pins. If the height of the greenhouse is 4 meters, then the length of the attached pipe will be 6 meters. We bend the pipe, forming an arc and put it on the pins of the opposite side.

To secure the installed arcs to each other, we take a pipe of the same length as the planned greenhouse. If there is no pipe of this length, then we connect two pipes to each other. After that, we place it in the center of the arcs and fix it with clamps.

The frame is assembled. Now we assemble the coating, for which we use polycarbonate. We choose sheets with a thickness of at least 4mm. Their size will be 2.1x6 m.

We fasten these sheets with an overlap. The joints can be sealed with special tape. We connect the sheets with thermal washers or self-tapping screws with wide heads.

Now all we have to do is attach the polycarbonate sheets to the greenhouse.

Polycarbonate is a fairly flexible material. This allows you to cut it and install it without any effort. In addition, polycarbonate is attractive for use due to its strength and resistance to atmospheric adversity.

Standard sheets for greenhouses are 6 and 8 mm, for greenhouses - 4 mm, and for a winter greenhouse - 10 mm.

To attach the polycarbonate to the frame, you can use so-called plastic earrings or aluminum staples. The figure below shows a diagram of such a fastening.

Another option for fastening polycarbonate is the use of profiles. Before attaching the screws to metal frame, we drill holes in advance, and then fasten the polycarbonate with self-tapping screws. Self-tapping screws with thermal washers are best suited, since they have a wide support area, and, in addition, this will make it possible to keep the carbonate intact and prevent condensation from appearing.

The figure below shows self-tapping screws for fastening polycarbonate.

A simple greenhouse made from window frames. How to build with your own hands?

Another option for a greenhouse that can often be seen in garden plots is a greenhouse made from window frames. This is also an easy and inexpensive project. However, it is good if you have a sufficient number of these same frames. If your frames are made of glass, then you are installing a glass greenhouse. If your frames are empty, then after installing it you cover the frames with plastic wrap.

So, before installing the greenhouse, we prepare the foundation for it. We install a wooden frame made of timber or boards on it. It is best to use timber 50X50 mm, and boards 40 mm thick.

The frame consists of racks, upper and lower trim. The lower and upper trims are made from identical boards. The racks are installed at a distance from each other so that the window frame fits between them.

The roof frame must be strong enough. It is better to make the roof gable, with additional supports under the ridge, so that it does not collapse in winter under the weight of snow. It is best to use timber for the roof.

Frames are installed using both nails and screws. Each frame must be secured both outside and inside, on four sides. If there are gaps between the frames, they are sealed with polyurethane foam.

It is best to make the roof from polycarbonate, or stretch a film over it. This way, your roof will be completely transparent and there will be enough light. But if you are making it from frames, then it is better to start installing the frames from the roof, and not from the side walls. Otherwise, a tool or other material that accidentally falls may break the glass.

At the end of the greenhouse we make a door, which also represents a frame. So we installed a greenhouse. Now you can use it for its intended purpose.

Do-it-yourself greenhouse from a profile

Another modern material that has become actively used by skilled builders is profile. The advantage of a profile greenhouse is that both the size and shape of the greenhouse can be made to whatever you like.

The figure below shows a diagram of a standard profile greenhouse.

To build such a greenhouse you will need the following tools: metal scissors, tape measure, building level and plumb line, screwdriver.

Having drawn up a diagram of the greenhouse, you can begin assembling it. As described in previous projects, we start with the foundation.

You select the size of the greenhouse based on the size of the polycarbonate that will serve as its covering. You can also choose the roof at your discretion: arched or pitched. It is better to make a pitched one in the form of a house (gable). Then there will be much more lighting.

According to the diagram, you cut the profile into the required size elements. Connect these elements together with metal screws.

You start installing the frame with the guides. We screw them to the foundation with self-tapping screws. The frame itself consists of sections that are connected to each other by a common upper beam. The pitch between sections should be such as to ensure sufficient structural rigidity. Basically, it is equal to the width of the polycarbonate sheet divided by 3 or 4.

Assembly of the front and rear walls occurs in the same way as sections. However, they are intensifying vertical posts. We make an entrance in the front wall. We screw it to one of the racks door hinges, and from the profile we collect door frame, which is also covered with polycarbonate.

When the sections and walls (front and back) are ready, screw them to the guides.

We attach the polycarbonate in the same way as in the previous version (a greenhouse made of pipes and polycarbonate).

That’s probably all that concerns the manufacture and installation of greenhouses from the most common and popular materials. I would like to wish you good luck in making it, so that there are no unnecessary difficulties, and a good harvest. You can, of course, buy a ready-made greenhouse, but, you see, grow good harvest in a greenhouse assembled with your own hands is much more pleasant.

1. Greenhouse-house

From window frames you can build charming houses that will not only provide comfort to plants, but will also become a stunning decoration for your summer cottage.

2. Dome

A large polygonal greenhouse, the frame of which is built of wood covered with ordinary oilcloth. Despite the complexity of manufacturing, this dome-shaped structure is distinguished by its attractive appearance, stability and excellent illumination.

3. Plastic cap

A mini greenhouse that can be made from a regular plastic bottle by simply cutting off the bottom. Such a greenhouse is best suited for cucumbers and zucchini, as these plants do not tolerate transplantation well and spend a lot of effort on adaptation. At the beginning of planting, the cap should be covered with a lid; later, when the daytime temperature reaches twenty degrees, the lid should be removed, and later the bottle should be removed altogether.

4. Caskets

From four boards and window frame you can make an original small greenhouse for flowers and plants. At first, the lid of the window frame should be kept closed, and when the plants grow and become stronger, fold it back.

5. Foldable design

A convenient, practical folding greenhouse that can be made from small-diameter PVC pipes and regular polyethylene.

6. Umbrella

A small greenhouse made from a wooden barrel and an old oilcloth umbrella or the frame of an ordinary umbrella covered with polyethylene.

7. Cozy tent

A greenhouse tent, which can be built from a children's tent, equipping its walls with inserts made of oilcloth or polyethylene, or you can buy a ready-made film greenhouse tent. The advantages of this design are its compactness and mobility.

8. Plastic house

Plastic bottles can make an excellent open or closed greenhouse. Creating such a greenhouse will not require large expenses or special skills, and you determine the size and design of the structure yourself.

9. Lifting cover

An original greenhouse with a lifting lid, made from wooden planks, thin PVC pipes, polyethylene and metal chains. This design is quite simple to construct and very convenient to use.

10. Flowerbed

A small greenhouse, to create which you will need a wooden frame of the desired size, two thin plastic pipes and a piece of oilcloth. The beauty of this design is that when the plants get stronger and the night temperature rises, the oilcloth can be easily removed and thereby turn the greenhouse into a neat flower bed.

11. Mini house

An adorable greenhouse made from plastic CD boxes is perfect for growing indoor plants and will become a magnificent decoration for the balcony.

12. Pallets

A small greenhouse can be easily built from old pallets and plastic film. This greenhouse is perfect for growing seedlings or indoor flowers.

13. Container

From the usual plastic container You will get an excellent greenhouse, which is suitable for growing seedlings on the balcony.

14. Reliable boxing

Large greenhouse made of wood and polycarbonate.

A large and reliable greenhouse made of polycarbonate attached to a wooden frame, which, despite the difficulties of construction and some capital investments, is perfect for growing any crops and will last for many years.

Continuing the topic, to the attention of readers for proper disposal.

Many owners of private houses dream of having a greenhouse on their property. This agricultural structure will help owners provide their family with herbs and some types of vegetables already in late spring or early summer. Well, some greenhouse designs, which include heating and lighting systems, are used for growing crops all year round.

A greenhouse with your own hands can be built from wood and brick in combination with metal elements, or have a frame structure, for example, made of lightweight metal-plastic pipes.

When implementing an idea, the first thing to determine is the location where the greenhouse will be installed. The size of the future structure directly depends on its area.

Next, you need to decide when this structure will be used - only in the spring or throughout the year. If you choose the “winter” option, then you need to know that construction will cost much more, since it will require more materials, and will also require lighting, heating, plumbing and ventilation.

Then, you need to select the material of manufacture and type of greenhouse construction. To focus on one of them, several of the most commonly used options will be considered.

Types of greenhouses

The design of greenhouses, in principle, is not very complicated, so any owner of the site can build it independently. To do this, you just need to prepare the material and tools. Greenhouses can be divided into types, based on various criteria - the material of manufacture, the shape of the structure, whether it will be stationary or temporary.

Greenhouse covering material

Several different types of materials are used to cover greenhouses. They should be transparent and may have shades favorable for plant growth. For example, which became especially popular in Lately, sometimes not only a colorless transparent one is chosen, but also a yellowish or green tint.

The KINPLAST company offers high-quality cellular polycarbonate for greenhouses. The material has excellent technical and performance characteristics. KINPLAST is a leading manufacturer of polycarbonate in the domestic market. The line of cellular polycarbonate includes brands such as WOGGEL - a material created in collaboration with foreign colleagues; SKYGLASS is a universal polycarbonate with excellent performance characteristics. affordable price; as well as specially developed grades of polycarbonate for use in agriculture AgroTITAN.

Glass is often used to cover the walls and roof of a greenhouse. It's in its own way structural structure and transparency are excellent for this room, but to install glazing it is necessary to create a particularly reliable, durable frame structure, since this material has considerable weight. Capital winter greenhouses are sometimes built from metal-plastic frames and double-glazed windows, but such a structure will be extremely expensive.

Another option that is most often used for covering greenhouses is polyethylene film. It can be used for tensioning on a frame built from any material, since it has a very small mass. Recently, a special reinforced film has appeared on sale, which is more durable and easier to attach to the frame sheathing.

To decide on the choice of material, you need to carefully study it performance characteristics, which are presented in this table:

Material Evaluation Options	Cellular polycarbonate	Glass	Film
Miniature
Mounting and weight	It is light in weight and can be used in certain structures without additional frame elements, as well as without a foundation.	Glass has the heaviest weight compared to other covering materials, and when choosing it, you will need to consider a reliable frame installed on the foundation.	Polyethylene has a very small mass, but requires special fastening. If the material is not reinforced, then it is secured to the frame through special slats and additionally secured with thin stretched ropes.
Durability	Polycarbonate as a greenhouse covering can last 18–25 years, depending on its quality. This material is flexible and has sufficient rigidity to be an element of a self-supporting structure. Fixed to the frame, it does not deform and does not distort.	Glass can last long time, as it is not affected by ultraviolet rays and moisture. On the other hand, glass is a brittle and inflexible material, so it does not tolerate mechanical influences, heavy loads and deformation of the frame structure.	Polyethylene has the shortest service life compared to other coating materials, as it is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, from which it gradually deteriorates. In addition, it cannot be called resistant to temperature changes.
Noise insulation	Cellular polycarbonate dampens the noise of wind and rain well, thanks to its structure.	If the installation of the material is done poorly, then during strong winds gusts of air can penetrate inside and the glass can make a ringing sound.	The film will not protect the greenhouse from noise, and if the wind is very strong, the material will rustle a lot in the wind.
Appearance	Polycarbonate gives the building an aesthetic appearance and can make an ordinary greenhouse a real decoration of the territory.	Properly installed glass will give the greenhouse a neat appearance.	The film looks neat and remains transparent only during the first season of its use, and even then not always. Then, under the influence of the sun, temperature changes and wind, it becomes cloudy and loses its aesthetic appearance and light transmittance.
Safety	Polycarbonate has high strength, exceeding that of glass by approximately 200 times, and is also approximately 15 times lighter. When falling, the material does not break and cannot injure people inside or near the greenhouse with fragments.	Poorly installed glass is extremely dangerous for people working inside. In addition, if fragments fall into the soil of the greenhouse, you can be seriously injured during subsequent cultivation of the soil. Therefore, if you plan to install glass, then it is recommended to entrust its installation to professional craftsmen.	Completely safe for both people and greenhouse soil.
Care	This material is easy to care for - just wash it with water using a strong pressure in the hose. However, it should be noted that dust on the surface of polycarbonate is almost invisible, so the greenhouse does not have to be washed often enough.	Traces of rain drops remain on the glass, and dust is also retained well. To get rid of dirt on the surface, you need to make a lot of physical effort. It is especially uncomfortable and dangerous to carry out cleaning activities on the greenhouse roof.	Plastic film is not washed, because after wet cleaning, stains remain on it and it becomes cloudy, which makes it difficult for light to fully penetrate inside. The only way out in case of severe contamination is to completely replace the film.
Created microclimate	Polycarbonate is able to reliably thermally insulate a greenhouse and protect plants from the wind. Vapors settling on internal surfaces flow down them into the soil. In addition, the material not only transmits light perfectly, but also makes it softer and more diffused. The heat generated by the soil and plants is reliably stored indoors, which creates the greenhouse effect.	Glass is not capable of creating high thermal insulation if it is not metal-plastic structures with double glazed windows. The material perfectly transmits light, but does not scatter it, and sometimes even focuses it on a specific bed, which is extremely harmful for plant leaves.	Dense new polyethylene film is capable of creating high thermal insulation, but over the course of a season, under the influence of temperatures, sun and wind, it becomes thinner and loses its original qualities. Therefore, it is recommended to change the film coating every year.

Having weighed all the “pros” and “cons” of materials, as well as taking into account the design of the planned structure, it will be possible to make a choice of the type of coating.

Greenhouse structures

Greenhouses have various designs- it can be a spacious room or just a large box covered with a glazed frame. Structures are also used that extend half their height into the ground. It will be possible to choose one of the varieties only after the owner understands the features of each.

• The most simple design greenhouse, which can be built from scrap materials, consists of an ordinary box, for example, 2000x1500 mm in size, assembled from boards and installed in a favorable area local area. For such a greenhouse, old ones are often used as a roof.

Such greenhouses are usually used for growing seedlings or herbs with early spring until late autumn.

• Another option for a simple and affordable greenhouse to build is a simple frame construction, made of metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes, fittings, and sometimes even thick steel wire, covered with plastic film.

If plastic pipes are chosen for the greenhouse, then even a woman’s hands can make a frame from them, since this material bends quite easily and holds its shape well.

This type of greenhouse can be used throughout the entire spring-summer season, from spring to late autumn. The convenience of the design is that by planting seeds, for example, tomatoes, under the film, after germination and strengthening, the seedlings do not need to be replanted. It is simply thinned out, and when a stable and comfortable temperature for plants is established outside, the film is removed from the structure, opening the free flow of air and sunlight. In very hot weather, a special mesh can be quickly thrown over the created frame, creating partial shade, but allowing light to penetrate to the plants as needed.

• More complex design, which is assembled from wooden beams and covered with film, can also be used throughout the spring-summer season. The size of such a greenhouse can be different - they vary from how many seedlings are planned to be planted, and taking into account the convenience of the gardener’s work.

In this design, it is imperative to provide a hinged lifting of the roof to provide access to the plants from sunlight and air. This is also a seasonal version of the structure, and it is advisable to use it only for growing seedlings, since in stable summer temperatures it is recommended to grow vegetables and herbs in open ground.

Video: homemade greenhouse on a wooden frame with film coating

• If you need to grow a small amount of greenery or seedlings, you can make a greenhouse from metal barrel, in which slots are made in the form of windows. This design uses a transparent polyethylene film as a roof - it can be removed at any time, opening access to air, and, if necessary, closed so that the night coolness of the off-season does not cause harm to the plants.

• A more complex greenhouse design, in which you can already install moderate heating and start using it in the very early spring. It consists of a wooden or metal-plastic frame. This is already a full-fledged room, and in it not only the plants, but also the gardener will be protected from the wind and low temperatures. Such a greenhouse can be covered with very thick polyethylene film or cellular polycarbonate. When creating a structure from pipes, you need to remember that it will turn out to be quite light, and a strong wind can move it from its place, damaging the seedlings, so to tie it to the place, you need to drive metal corners or reinforcement into the ground.

Interesting solution— the frame of the greenhouse is welded from very inexpensive polypropylene pipes and components for them.

• The permanent structure of the greenhouse, equipped with heating and irrigation, can be used throughout the year. For such a greenhouse to work effectively, it is usually made of metal-plastic or aluminum structures and double-glazed windows, which are installed on the foundation.

This greenhouse is already a real capital building

To more easily provide heating and water delivery to the greenhouse premises, quite often such structures are attached to the southern wall of the house. In this case, the building will serve as a kind of winter garden, which at any time of the year will delight the owners not only with fresh vegetables and herbs, but also with the color of ornamental plants.

Sometimes greenhouses are added to the south side of the house, and they become real “winter gardens”

• Another option for a winter greenhouse, the design of which helps to save on heating costs, is a room that extends half its height into the ground. This structure, due to its high energy-saving qualities, is often called a “thermos greenhouse”. To achieve the desired effect, a pit is dug for this greenhouse, going 1600÷2000 mm deep into the ground. Additionally, walls 500÷700 mm high are erected above the ground surface, and then the entire structure is covered with a frame made of timber or a metal corner.

The work of constructing a building is quite labor-intensive and lengthy, but during its operation it will be possible to save enough on its heating system. One of the important points in the construction of a thermos greenhouse is the arrangement of not only a heating system, but also effective ventilation.

Greenhouse roof shape

The next criterion by which greenhouses are divided is the shape of the roof. Insolation largely depends on this, that is, high-quality lighting of the room, and therefore the creation optimal conditions for growing plants.

• Gable roof

Greenhouses with a gable roof can most often be found on suburban areas, since it is precisely this shape that contributes to effective lighting of the room from above. Provided the greenhouse is located correctly, the sun will “work” all day long from sunrise to sunset, promoting plant growth.

“Classic” option - gable roof

Therefore, this design is often used to create winter versions of greenhouses, since at this time of year plants experience a lack of sunlight.

• Arched design

Arched structures are made of metal-plastic pipes or metal elements. The first ones are usually covered with polyethylene film, while the second option most often has a polycarbonate coating. Metal constructions can be purchased ready-made, and all that remains is to assemble them on the site. Well, a frame made of metal-plastic pipes is quite easy to make yourself.

The convenience of such a greenhouse lies not only in its maximum illumination, but also in the fact that snow and water do not accumulate on the arched roof, which means that the coating will not be subject to deformation due to heavy load. Again, you will not need to climb to a height to remove snow from its surface.

• Shed roof

One of the common options for a “serious” greenhouse is a strip foundation

• Under it, according to the markings, a pit-trench is dug, having a depth and width of 300 mm.
• Since the walls of the greenhouse are not as heavy as those of residential buildings, a foundation depth of 300 mm is sufficient to withstand relatively light loads.
• Above the ground, the base can be raised to a height of 200 to 500 mm, depending on whether the foundation will serve as walls or whether they will be made of brick.
• Placed and compacted into the finished trench sand cushion 50÷70 mm thick; crushed stone is poured on top of it with a layer of the same thickness and distributed.
• A formwork made of boards and timber is fixed along the trench, into which roofing material is laid, which will become an excellent waterproofing for the foundation.
• The next step is to fill the formwork with concrete, spread it and then pierce it bayonet shovel and gently tap the formwork to remove air from the solution.
• If the frame will be made of a metal corner or it will be needed to secure wooden blocks, then sometimes support posts or sections of the corner can be immediately embedded in the foundation.

Basis for greenhouse-thermos

For a thermos greenhouse, it is necessary to dig a fairly deep pit, and if you plan to build an agricultural structure of a large area, you will have to use specialized equipment, since such manual work will take a lot of time.

• After marking the site, it is recommended to remove it from it upper layer fertile soil. After removal, the soil is piled up, because it is perfect for laying the finished greenhouse in the beds.
• When digging a pit, among the layers you can stumble upon clay, which also should not be mixed with the rest of the soil, as it can be useful for waterproofing walls or making adobe blocks for insulating a greenhouse.
• The pit is deepened so much that the gardener working in the greenhouse feels free, and there is quite a lot of free space above it. To ensure that the required temperature is maintained in the greenhouse and the soil does not freeze, it is recommended to deepen the pit by approximately 2000 mm.

If the pit is not deep enough, then you will have to raise the side walls, since it will be ideal when the total height of the pit corresponds to the height of the gardener.

• The width of the greenhouse is usually from two to five meters. If the room is made wider, it will quickly cool down, and lighting and heating will require a large amount of electricity. In addition, the design of a transparent dome would be too complex.
• When digging a pit, a ramp is installed on one side of it, where, along with the construction of the walls, a staircase of several steps and an entrance door to the greenhouse will be installed.
• To begin work on upgrading the walls, a base is made for them. To do this, a trench is dug around the perimeter inside the pit. After this, formwork is installed in it and the strip foundation is poured in the same way as in the case already discussed.
• After the foundation is ready, you can proceed to lining the walls with bricks or foam blocks. When making masonry in the opposite direction front door one or two are installed on the wall at once ventilation pipes, at a height of 400÷500 mm from the floor.

The ventilation pipe is brought outside and raised above the ground by 1000÷1500 mm.

• Separately, it is necessary to say about the laying, since in this case it is produced in a special way.

— To save on insulation, instead of bricks or foam blocks, which are not cheap, you can use clay extracted from a pit, which is mixed with chopped straw and adobe bricks are formed from this mixture.

— If you don’t want to waste time, and there is an opportunity to purchase foam blocks, which are called permanent formwork, then you can immediately get “bricks with insulation.” The blocks are hollow, and they are filled as they are installed on top of each other with concrete mortar. Having chosen the latter option, you will need to separate the foam wall from the ground surface of the pit with roofing material or plastic film.

After the solution in the blocks has hardened, a film or roofing material is hooked onto it, and the remaining material between waterproofing material and the soil wall of the pit, the gap is filled with clay or a mixture of clay and soil, and while filling, it is periodically compacted.

— If brick is chosen for wall decoration, then it is insulated from the outside using polystyrene foam, which is mounted between the brick and soil wall. Thermal insulation material must also be protected with roofing felt. The resulting gap, just as in the first case, is filled with soil.

• If the walls rise above the ground by 400÷600 mm, then they also need to be insulated and waterproofed. If desired, the wall protruding above the ground can be finished with a decorative coating - this can be clinker tiles or plastic lining for outdoor use.
• If the walls are not high, then after waterproofing they can be sprinkled with a layer of expanded clay, which is covered on top with corrugated sheeting, which is fixed to the top of the wall. The corrugated sheeting will ensure the drainage of water that will drain from the greenhouse cover and keep the walls dry.

Wooden foundation

Another material for the foundation can be wood, or rather, wooden beam, having a cross-sectional size of 100×150 or 150×150 mm. This foundation is suitable for a greenhouse that is used seasonally - from spring to autumn.

In order for such a foundation to serve for a long time, the wood must be treated with antiseptic and water-repellent compounds and installed on a sandy, well-compacted cushion. Another option is to raise it above the ground using concrete slabs.

Construction of a thermos greenhouse

The installation of all greenhouses takes place differently, depending on the type of structure and the period of use of the structure, since “winter” options require a more careful approach and additional functions. It’s probably worth considering this, the most difficult option.

• After the walls are ready, you can proceed to installing the frame under the greenhouse cover.
• The frame is mounted from metal profile or wooden beam.

• The first step is to attach a frame made of 100x150 mm timber to the walls of the greenhouse. Fixation is carried out with anchors or using embedded embedded elements.
• The rafter system must be assembled from timber of the same cross-section as the harness. To install the rafter legs, markings are carried out on the harness, since the rafter pairs must be distributed at the same distance from each other.
• The rafters are secured to the frame with metal corners, and in the upper part they are connected to each other using metal plates or using a ridge board.
• Fixed to the rafters wooden blocks lathing, but with a fairly large step. There should be no more than two or three of them on each slope so that they do not block the sunlight.
• Polycarbonate sheets are laid on the sheathing, which are secured to it using special fasteners with bushings and rubber gaskets to prevent the possibility of leakage.

• Having completed the fastening of the covering material to the slopes, it is installed in the same way on the gable parts of the roof.
• After this, it is installed door frame and the door itself. It is advisable that door leaf It was also equipped with a transparent insert.

Creating optimal conditions for plants in the greenhouse

Greenhouse thermal insulation

In a greenhouse with a gable roof, one of its slopes must face the south side. It is recommended to finish the second side inside the greenhouse. Such a system will help not only retain heat, but even increase illumination inside the structure, since the sun, hitting the insulation foil, will be reflected into the room.

The insulation is fixed to the rafters with self-tapping screws, then it is bent onto the wall and glued to its surface using liquid nails. All the walls of the greenhouse are insulated in the same way, only the transparent southern slope is left uninsulated, and the western end transparent side of the structure can be left.

It should be noted that foil foamed polyethylene is an excellent vapor barrier membrane, and can not only enhance the lighting of the greenhouse, but also preserve water vapor inside it and carbon dioxide, which are the main nutrient medium for photosynthesis, which determines the growth and development of plants.

In order to prevent heat from escaping from the greenhouse, it is necessary to create a reliable seal in the greenhouse space. To do this on ventilation holes You should definitely install doors or valves on which you can set the required gap as necessary or close them completely.

Greenhouse heating system

2. The infiltration coefficient depends on the difference between the external and internal temperatures in the greenhouse. You can use the following table:

3. Temperature inside the greenhouse (indicated in the formula t1), is usually taken equal to:

• For growing seedlings - + 25 ° C;
• For normal development of vegetable beds - + 18 °C.

If any are grown exotic plants, then the corresponding values ​​are accepted.

4. External temperature ( t2) are accepted based on the results of meteorological observations in a particular region - the minimum during the coldest week during the planned season of use of the greenhouse.

5. Thermal conductivity indicators ( wtp), that is, the amount of thermal energy that is transferred outward by a covering area of ​​1 m² with a temperature difference of 1 ° C, depends on the type of material and its thickness. The table below shows the values ​​for the most commonly used materials for covering stationary greenhouses:

Material	Thermal conductivity (W/m²×°C)
Glass:
- thickness 4 mm;	5.82
- thickness 6 mm;	5.77
- thickness 8 mm;	5.71
Monolithic polycarbonate sheet:
- thickness 4 mm;	5.33
- thickness 6 mm;	5.09
- thickness 8 mm;	4.84
Polycarbonate sheet honeycomb:
- thickness 4 mm;	3.6
- thickness 6 mm;	3.5
- thickness 8 mm;	3.3
- thickness 10 mm;	3.0
- thickness 16 mm;	2.4

Having all the necessary data, it will not be difficult to calculate the required power electric heating greenhouses. It’s even easier to use the online calculator below.

Ecology of consumption. Estate: With the onset of spring, every summer resident is faced with the task of planting seedlings and their further planting in open ground. The simple and cheap design of a greenhouse made of plastic pipes is suitable for all summer residents and owners of country houses without exception.

Many summer residents strive to provide themselves with self-grown vegetables for the whole year. But due to climatic conditions, it is not always possible to achieve this goal in those areas that are located in the northern regions of our country. An excellent solution to this problem is to build a greenhouse on a garden plot.

True, not all gardeners have the financial ability to purchase a ready-made factory greenhouse. For such people, a way out of the situation may be to build greenhouses from plastic pipes with their own hands.

You can design and build a greenhouse from plastic pipes yourself, without resorting to outside help. And such a greenhouse made of plastic pipes will serve throughout the year, for several seasons in a row. An obvious advantage when building greenhouses from plastic pipes is the prevalence, long service life and low cost of polypropylene products.

CHOOSE A LOCATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

When choosing a future location for building a greenhouse made of plastic pipes, you should take into account a number of factors that affect the quality and quantity of the future harvest.

There are the following options for placing a future greenhouse made of plastic pipes on a garden plot:

1. You need to place a greenhouse made of plastic pipes, created by yourself, in an open space, away from other buildings on the site and large garden trees. This placement option can be combined with the placement of small shrubs and plants around the greenhouse. This will add aesthetic appeal to the building.
2. If in force small area plot there is no opportunity to use an open space of sufficient area, it is possible to provide for the location of a greenhouse with one side adjoining the wall of an already erected building, house or barn. With this option an important condition the other sides of the greenhouse will be located on the south side in order to obtain maximum quantity sun rays.

SELECTION OF FORMS

The most common form when constructing a greenhouse from plastic pipes is an arched structure. This is primarily due to ease of construction and relative cheapness.

When choosing a form for the construction of a future greenhouse from plastic pipes, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the garden plot and the location chosen for the installation of the structure.

If the greenhouse made of plastic pipes will be located on open place, then it’s better to choose a gable model. In the case where the greenhouse will adjoin one side to the wall of an existing building, it is more advisable to choose a lean-to model.

The base of the greenhouse can be made in different geometric shapes, be it square, rectangle, circle, oval or trapezoid. Recently, tent-shaped greenhouses have been gaining popularity.

Attention! Greenhouses of this design have greater light transmission than classic versions.

PROS AND DISADVANTAGES OF BUILDINGS FROM PLASTIC PIPES

Construction of a greenhouse from plastic pipes has a number of advantages over structures made from other materials:

The main and, apparently, only drawback when building a greenhouse from plastic pipes is its lightness. This can cause the entire structure to sway in strong winds. At the same time, this problem can be solved by using additional metal rods driven into the ground to strengthen the structure.

MATERIALS AND TOOLS REQUIRED FOR CONSTRUCTION

Before you make a greenhouse from plastic pipes, you should make a calculation necessary materials and tools. It is recommended to do this immediately after determining the location on the site for the future structure. Such measures will help to avoid additional costs already at the construction stage of the structure.

So, for work you will need:

1. Timber or boards to form the base of the greenhouse. It is recommended to treat before starting construction wooden elements special protective substances that will protect the wood from rotting.

   Advice! To save money, it is recommended to use improvised ones rather than branded professional wood processing products. For example, impregnate wooden beams with resin, coat them with drying oil several times, and treat them with a blowtorch.

2. Polypropylene pipes. It is necessary to calculate how many linear meters will be needed to build a greenhouse. For a more accurate calculation when building a greenhouse from plastic pipes with your own hands, it is recommended to make a drawing of the future structure. After receiving a certain footage of plastic, you can add 10% of total length for stock.
3. Polyethylene film is used to cover the polypropylene structure. It should be strong enough. High strength will protect it from tearing and allow it to be used for several seasons.
4. Several metal rods. The reinforcement must be at least 1 m long.
5. Nails and screws.
6. Handles with locks and hinges for installing doors and windows in the greenhouse.
7. Additional metal loops for fastening individual plastic structural elements.

CONSTRUCTION OF A GREENHOUSE

If, at the stage of calculating the materials used, a detailed drawing future structure, then you can immediately proceed directly to the construction of the greenhouse. Otherwise, it is recommended to make detailed diagram structures - this will significantly simplify and speed up construction work.

INSTALLATION OF FOUNDATION

Before you make a greenhouse yourself from plastic pipes, you need to create a foundation. For the future foundation of the greenhouse, you need a flat, flat area with a small depression. Therefore, before starting work, you must level the ground and make a small depression of a few centimeters. As a material for the foundation, you can use either boards or wooden beams.

Attention! Before proceeding with the installation of the foundation, the wooden boards must be cleaned with a planer or sandpaper, and also treat with protective substances.

To strengthen the foundation of the future structure, it is recommended to use additional metal brackets or corners. A metal corner is attached to each internal joint wooden boards. If timber is used as the material for the base of the greenhouse, it is more advisable to use staples that are driven in at each external joint of the structural elements.

The finished foundation should lie tightly on the soil prepared for it. If there are gaps between the foundation and the ground, they must be covered with earth.

FRAME INSTALLATION

After building the foundation, along its outer perimeter, metal reinforcement should be driven into the ground in increments of no more than 100 cm. Pre-prepared and cut sections of plastic pipe of the required length are placed on these metal rods.

To secure plastic pipes, self-tapping screws are used, with the help of which the base of the pipe must be pulled to wooden foundation. Plastic couplings, corners and crosses are used as connecting elements in the horizontal plane of the structure, which must first be drilled inside. This will allow the pipes to pass through the connectors.

WE CREATE A ROOF

When choosing a material for building a greenhouse roof, you should take into account the features of some of the most common options:

1. The optimal and common material for covering a greenhouse is polyethylene film. If financial capabilities allow, you can use a special reinforced polyvinyl chloride film as a covering. This material has good thermal insulation, which will allow you to maintain the desired temperature in the greenhouse even at night. At the same time, this material is highly transparent and transmits up to 95% of sunlight during the daytime.
2. A polycarbonate roof has the longest service life, but is more expensive and can present additional difficulties during construction. In addition, such a roof cannot be quickly dismantled, unlike a polyethylene one.
3. Textile material for covering such as “agrotex” has low thermal insulation. True, the lightness and simplicity of this material allow installation and dismantling work to be carried out in the shortest possible time.

CONCLUSION

To summarize, we can say that the option of independently building a greenhouse from plastic pipes in a garden plot seems to be the most acceptable option. Such designs have a number of undeniable advantages. These include the lightness and strength of the structure, its durability, ease of installation and dismantling. In addition, such greenhouses are ultimately the cheapest option, and from an aesthetic point of view they are in no way inferior to expensive factory-made counterparts.

We will learn how to build a greenhouse from plastic pipes with our own hands from the video

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