Design norms and rules. Fire protection systems
MINISTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR CIVIL DEFENSE, EMERGENCIES AND DISASTER ELIMINATION
SET OF RULES
SP 5.13130 as amended 2016
Official publication
Preface
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying sets of rules are established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules” dated November 19, 2008 No. 858
Rulebook Details
1 DEVELOPED BY FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 “Fire Safety”
4 REGISTERED Federal agency on technical regulation and metrology
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index “National Standards”, and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system common use- on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet
EMERCOM of Russia, 2009 FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, 2009
This set of rules cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication on the territory of the Russian Federation without the permission of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
1 Scope of application...................1
3 Terms and definitions...................3
4 General provisions....................9
5 Water and foam fire extinguishing systems....................................10
6 Fire extinguishing installations with high-expansion foam....................................27
7 Robotic fire complex...................................28
8 Settings gas fire extinguishing....................30
9 Settings powder fire extinguishing modular type......................37
10 Aerosol fire extinguishing installations...................................39
11 Standalone installations fire extinguishing......43
12 Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations.................................43
13 Systems fire alarm....................48
14 Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment objects...................59
15 Power supply for fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations.................................60
16 Protective grounding and grounding. Safety requirements...................61
17 General provisions taken into account when choosing technical means fire automatics............62
Appendix A List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to
protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms....................................63
Appendix B Groups of premises (industrial and technological processes) according to the degree of fire hazard depending on their functional purpose
and fire load of combustible materials...................................70
Appendix B Methodology for calculating the parameters of the fire control system for surface fire extinguishing with water
and low-expansion foam......................71
Appendix D Methodology for calculating the parameters of high-expansion fire extinguishing installations
foam...................79
Appendix E Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents...................................80
Appendix E Methodology for calculating the mass of gas fire extinguishing agent for installations
gas fire extinguishing when extinguishing by volumetric method...................................83
Appendix G Methodology hydraulic calculation carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
low pressure......85
Appendix 3 Methodology for calculating the area of the opening for discharge overpressure in premises protected by gas fire extinguishing installations...................................88
Appendix I General provisions for the calculation of modular type powder fire extinguishing installations...................................89
Appendix K Calculation method automatic installations aerosol fire extinguishing........................92
Appendix L Methodology for calculating excess pressure when supplying fire extinguishing aerosol
into the room...................96
Appendix M Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load....................................97
Appendix N Installation locations of manual fire call points depending on their purpose
buildings and premises...................98
Appendix O Determination of the set time for detecting a malfunction and its
elimination...................99
Appendix P Distances from the top point of the ceiling to the measuring element of the detector..................................... 100
Appendix P Methods for increasing the reliability of a fire signal..................................... 101
Bibliography.........................102
SET OF RULES
Systems fire protection
AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM AND FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS
Design standards and rules
Systems of fire protection.
Automatic fire-extinguishing and alarm systems. Designing and regulations.
Date of introduction 2009—05—01
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules was developed in accordance with Articles 42, 45, 46, 54, 83, 84, 91, 103, 104, 111-116 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Requirements fire safety", is normative document on fire safety in the field of standardization of voluntary use and establishes norms and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.
1.2 This set of rules applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The need to use fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems is determined in accordance with Appendix A, standards, codes of practice and other documents approved in in the prescribed manner.
1.3 This set of rules does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems:
Buildings and structures designed according to special standards,
Technological installations located outside buildings,
Warehouse buildings with mobile shelving,
Warehouse buildings for storing products in aerosol packaging,
Warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m.
1.4 This set of rules does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:
Reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals),
Decomposes when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides),
Interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite),
Spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).
1.5 This set of rules can be used in the development of special technical specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.
Official publication
This code of practice uses normative references to the following standards:
GOST R 50588-93 Foaming agents for extinguishing fires. Are common technical requirements and test methods
GOST R 50680-94 Automatic water fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 50800-95 Automatic foam fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 50969-96 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 51043—2002 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Sprinklers. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 51046—97 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishing aerosol generators. Types and main parameters
GOST R 51049—2008 Fire fighting equipment. Firefighting pressure hoses. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 51052—2002 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Control nodes. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 51057—2001 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers are portable. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST 51091—97 Automatic powder fire extinguishing installations. Types and main parameters
GOST R 51115-97 Fire fighting equipment. Combined fire monitor trunks. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 51737—2001 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Detachable pipeline couplings. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 51844—2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53278—2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire shut-off valves. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53279—2009 Connecting heads for fire-fighting equipment. Types, main parameters and sizes
GOST R 53280.3 Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Fire extinguishing agents. Part 3. Gas extinguishing agents. Test methods
GOST R 53280.4—2009 Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Fire extinguishing agents. Part 4. General purpose fire extinguishing powders. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53281—2009 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. Modules and batteries. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53284—2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishing aerosol generators. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53315—2009 Cable products. Fire safety requirements. Test methods GOST R 53325—2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire automatic equipment. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53331—2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fireman's trunks are manual. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 53329—2009 Robotic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST 2.601—95 ESKD Operational documents
GOST 9.032—74 ESZKS Paint and varnish coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations GOST 12.0.001—82 SSBT Basic provisions
GOST 12.0.004—90 SSBT Organization of occupational safety training. General provisions GOST 12.1.004-91 Fire safety. General requirements
GOST 12.1.005—88 SSBT General sanitary and hygienic requirements for air working area GOST 12.1.019—79 SSBT Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
GOST 12.1.030—81 SSBT Electrical safety. Protective grounding, grounding GOST 12.1.033-81 SSBT Fire safety. Terms and definitions GOST 12.1.044-89 SSBT Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination
GOST 12.2.003—91 SSBT Production equipment. General safety requirements. GOST 12.2.007.0—75 SSBT Electrical products. General safety requirements GOST 12.2.047—86 SSBT Fire equipment. Terms and Definitions
GOST 12.2.072—98 Industrial robots. Robotic technological complexes. Safety requirements and test methods
GOST 12.3.046—91 SSBT Automatic fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements
GOST 12.4.009—83 SSBT Fire equipment for the protection of objects. Main views, accommodation and service
GOST R 12.4.026—2001 SSBT Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of use. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods
GOST 3262—75 Steel water-gas pipes. Technical specifications GOST 8732-78 Hot-deformed seamless steel pipes. Assortment GOST 8734-75 Seamless cold-deformed steel pipes. Assortment GOST 10704-91 Electric-welded straight-seam steel pipes. Assortment GOST 14202—69 Pipelines industrial enterprises. Identification markings, warning signs and markings
GOST 14254-96 Degrees of protection provided by shells
GOST 15150-69 Machines, instruments and other technical products. Versions for various climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions regarding the impact of climatic factors external environment
GOST 21130-75 Electrical products. Grounding clamps and grounding signs. Design and dimensions
GOST 23511—79 Industrial radio interference from electrical devices, operated in residential buildings or connected to their electrical networks. Standards and measurement methods GOST 27331-87 Fire equipment. Fire classification
GOST 28130-89 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers, fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems. Conventional graphic symbols
GOST 28338-89* Pipeline connections and fittings. The passages are conditional (nominal dimensions). Rows
Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published on as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
In this set of rules, the following terms with corresponding definitions are used:
3.1 automatic start of a fire extinguishing installation: Start of the installation from its technical means without human intervention.
3.2 automatic fire extinguishing installation (AF): A fire extinguishing installation that is automatically activated when the controlled fire factor(s) exceeds the established threshold values in the protected area.
Zaitsev Alexander Vadimovich, scientific editor of the journal “Security Algorithm”
On August 10, 2015, a message appeared on the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia: “By the decision of the Expert Commission to conduct an examination of the codes of rules of the EMERCOM of Russia in connection with the need to update and refine the numerous proposals and comments, as well as in connection with the emergence of new technologies and fire protection means, draft SP 5.13130 has been returned to the stage of the first edition and is undergoing the public discussion procedure again.” And this is after in 2013, upon completion of the research work “SP 5”, an attempt was already made to present to the public an updated version of SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules." True, then the matter did not reach the public; it was cut down in the bud and hidden from the eyes of this public. Now they offer us almost the same thing, only under a new name - “Fire Protection Systems. Fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules."
And here I could not restrain myself and decided to express my attitude towards such rule-making in a detailed form. I would like to point out right away this material not about document errors, although there are quite a lot of them, even if we consider only the fire alarm section. We will not receive the document that is so necessary for daily work until we decide on its tasks and structure.
WHAT DOES FEDERAL LAW No. 123-FZ REQUIRE FROM FIRE ALARMS?
I’ll start with the federal law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical regulations on fire safety requirements.” He is the starting point. And it is completely natural, first of all, to decide what the law requires in terms of automatic fire alarm installations (AUPS) and fire alarm systems (AFS). Fire protection systems must have:
■ reliability and resistance to the effects of dangerous fire factors for the time necessary to achieve fire safety goals (clause 3, article 51).
AUPS must provide:
■ automatic fire detection within the time required to turn on fire warning systems (clause 1, article 54);
■ automatic fire detection, supply of control signals to technical means warning people about a fire and managing the evacuation of people, control devices for fire extinguishing installations, technical controls for the smoke protection system, engineering and technological equipment (clause 4, article 83);
■ automatic informing of duty personnel about the occurrence of a malfunction in communication lines between individual technical means included in the installations (clause 5, article 83);
■ providing light and sound signals about the occurrence of a fire to the reception and control device in the premises of the duty personnel or to special remote warning devices, and in buildings of functional classes fire danger F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2 - with duplication of these signals to the fire department control panel without the participation of facility employees and/or the organization broadcasting this signal.
Fire detectors must:
■ be located in the protected room in such a way as to ensure timely detection of a fire anywhere in this room (clause 8, article 83).
AUPS technical means must:
■ ensure electrical and information compatibility with each other, as well as with other technical means interacting with them (clause 1 of Article 103);
■ be resistant to the effects of electromagnetic interference with maximum permissible level values characteristic of the protected object (clause 5 of article 103);
■ ensure electrical safety. Cable lines and electrical wiring of fire detection, warning and fire evacuation control systems, emergency lighting on evacuation routes, emergency ventilation and smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing, internal fire-fighting water supply, elevators for transporting fire departments in buildings and structures must:
■ maintain operability in fire conditions for the time necessary to perform their functions and evacuate people to a safe area (clause 2, article 82).
Communication lines between technical means of AUPS must:
■ maintain operability in fire conditions for the time necessary to perform their functions and evacuate people to a safe area (clause 2, article 103).
AUPS fire equipment control devices must provide:
■ the principle of control in accordance with the type of equipment being controlled and the requirements of a specific facility (Clause 3, Article 103, oddly enough, this requirement is in the requirements for AUPS).
The automatic drive of actuators and devices of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems of buildings and structures must:
■ carried out when automatic fire extinguishing and/or fire alarm systems are triggered (clause 7, article 85, this once again confirms that fire control devices for actuators belong to the AUPS).
Those. All components of the AUPS are subject to specific requirements for their intended purpose. These requirements are of an exclusively general nature without disclosing the mechanisms for their implementation. It would seem that nothing could be simpler - to take these requirements and consistently, step by step, reveal and specify them.
These are the main tasks facing developers of fire alarm requirements. In order, what is achieved by what:
■ reliability of fire detection;
■ timeliness of fire detection;
■ resistance of AUPS and SPS to external environmental influences;
■ monitoring the current state of the automatic fire alarm system and emergency response system by the duty personnel;
■ interaction of AUPS and SPS with other fire protection subsystems;
■ safety of people from electric shock.
Instead, in the new draft set of rules SP 5.13130 we again see a set of disparate rules: how and in what quantity to place fire detectors (IP), lay fire alarm loops and connect them to control panels. And all this without any indication of the tasks being solved. This is very similar to a rather complex recipe for making Christmas pudding.
What will it be like for the inspector? Having found a non-compliance with the set of rules SP 5.13130 at the facility, it is necessary to link it to the requirements of Federal Law No. 123 in order to substantiate your claims in the courts. In this edition, as in the previous one, it will be very difficult to find such a link.
The GOST standards of the Soviet period described how to make the same bicycle. Several wheel sizes were standardized, and, consequently, their spokes, the size of the steering wheel and seat, the diameter of the frame pipes, etc. IN modern Russia was absolutely accepted to national standards new approach. Now national standards specify the requirements for the final product, and not how to make it. And then, for the most part, in terms of ensuring human security in various areas. There is compliance with the requirements - good, no - it is not subject to commissioning or further use. This is how all other types of regulatory documents should be.
RULES AND THEIR PLACE IN PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES
The very concept of “rules” is deeply rooted in the philosophy of life of an individual or a community of individuals. Any rules are followed by people on a voluntary basis, based on understanding and perception of the correctness of their actions. This is such a tautology.
There are rules of behavior in society, rules of etiquette, rules of conduct on water, traffic rules, etc. There are also unwritten rules. IN different countries all of them may differ fundamentally in their essence and content. Universal rules simply doesn't exist.
The rules are aimed either at creating a comfortable living environment, incl. ensuring the necessary safety in all areas of human activity, or other specific tasks related to the execution or implementation of certain processes.
But rules cannot be without exceptions, and how much it is permissible to deviate from the rules is determined by the requirements for the final result of the activity. Sometimes these requirements are more important than the rules themselves.
But before forming certain rules, it is necessary to develop evaluation criteria and/or a procedure for developing these rules. A top level of rules must be formed to create a lower level of rules. Neglecting the upper level or its absence will not allow creating a lower level of rules that can actually be implemented in life. And this turned out to be the main problem of the work of the team of authors of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of the Russian Federation on the set of rules SP 5.13130.
In our case, the highest level of rules should be Federal Law No. 123. After all, it formulates the main tasks. The second level should be a document describing the requirements for the final product, for example, in our case, a fire alarm. But as a guide through the labyrinths between the tasks at hand and the specific requirements for the final result, there should be rules describing how to achieve this. These rules will act as recommendations that can be followed or not, if there is justification for this. And since the requirements for the result are laid down in the first two upper levels, there is no contradiction in this.
CODE OF RULES SP 5.13130: ORIGIN AND CONTRADITIONS
The structure and principle of construction of the set of rules SP 5.13130 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design Norms and Rules” looks modern only on the first page, but the essence of this document has not changed over the past 30 years. The roots of this document lie in the “Instructions for the design of fire extinguishing installations” CH75-76. If we take its successor SNiP 2.04.09-84 “Fire automatics of buildings and structures”, then it and its further followers NPB 88-2001 and the draft new edition of SP 5.13130 are absolutely similar.
Would you like an example, please? SNiP 2.04.09-84 has the following requirement:
“4.23. In justified cases, it is allowed to install reception and control devices in premises without personnel on round-the-clock duty while ensuring the transmission of fire and malfunction notifications to the fire station or other premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty and ensuring control of communication channels.”
We had the same thing in the interim regulatory document NPB 88-2001 “Fire extinguishing and alarm installations. Design norms and rules."
In the draft SP 5.13130 submitted for re-discussion, we again find:
“14.14.7. In justified cases, it is allowed to install these devices in premises without personnel on round-the-clock duty, while ensuring separate transmission of notifications about fire, malfunction, condition of technical equipment to the premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty, and ensuring control of notification transmission channels.”
And immediately there is a contradiction. Article 46 of Federal Law No. 123 provides a list of fire automatic equipment. And it has a component - a notification transmission system. The components of these systems transmit the mentioned signals from the receiving and control device, and display them on their indicators, and, most importantly, monitor the notification transmission channel. And the requirements for them are in GOST R 53325-2012. There is no need to invent anything. But the authors of the code of laws do not read... And such examples with the wording “cart and small cart” outdated for 30 years.
It has reached the point that the very name of SP 5.13130 in its discussed edition will contradict the law that gave birth to it. The law specifies the term “automatic fire alarm installations (AUPS).” And in the set of rules - “fire alarm systems (FAS)”, which, according to the same law, are defined only as a combination of several such installations. All the requirements in the law, as I showed a little earlier, are prescribed for AUPS, and not for ATP. What’s easier is to indicate in the introduction that the requirements for fire alarm systems and the automatic fire alarm installations included in them are identical, and the issue would be closed. Here it is, the legal purity of our fire safety standards. And most importantly, the tasks at hand in Federal Law No. 123 were generally “remained behind the scenes.” And I will try to show this with several examples.
It’s unlikely that anyone remembers where the requirements for organizing fire alarm control zones came from in our standards (now it’s clause 13.2.1 in SP5.13130.2009).
Also in the “Manual to the rules of production and acceptance of work. Installations of security, fire and security-fire alarm systems" from 1983 stipulated that:
"For administrative buildings(premises) it is allowed to block up to ten rooms with one fire alarm loop, and if there is a remote alarm from each room - up to 20 rooms with a common corridor or adjacent ones.”
At that time, we were talking only about the use of thermal IP; there were no others yet. And about maximum savings, both the technical fire alarm systems themselves and cable products. At one time, this made it possible to equip a fairly large administrative facility with just one single-loop receiving and control device of the UOTS-1-1 type.
Subsequently, in SNiP 2.04.09-84 the situation changes somewhat:
“Automatic fire detectors of one fire alarm loop can be used to control up to ten in public, residential and auxiliary buildings, and with remote light alarms from automatic fire detectors and installed above the entrance to the controlled premises - up to twenty adjacent or isolated premises located on one floor and having exits to a common corridor (room).”
By this time, smoke fire detectors had already appeared, and therefore the scope of application of this standard in terms of the purpose of premises expanded.
And in NPB 88-2001 the concept of “control zone” appears:
“12.13. It is allowed to equip a control zone with one fire alarm loop with fire detectors that do not have an address, including:
Premises located on no more than 2 interconnected floors, with a total area of 300 m2 or less;
Up to ten isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of no more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc.;
Up to twenty isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of no more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while the isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc., with a remote light alarm indicating the activation of fire detectors above the entrance to each controlled premises."
It is unlikely that these area sizes have made any changes in the practice of applying this norm. But big job done, there is something to be proud of.
Approximately the same requirement for the control capabilities of one fire alarm loop with fire alarm broadcasters that do not have an address is also provided for in the draft SP 5.13130. Why this happened, how this is determined, no one can say. There is such a norm, born 35 years ago, which has undergone several changes along the way, but no longer has any basis. The authors of fire regulations have plenty of other concerns. It's like rolling a snowball, in which the original task is completely forgotten. If we are trying to solve the issues of survivability of fire alarm systems in this way, then why we're talking about only about threshold loops with non-addressable detectors. During this time, addressable and addressable-analog systems have taken their rightful place, but for some reason restrictions on the same survivability are not imposed on them. And all because zoning of AUPS is not yet perceived as one of the components of the fight for their survivability, as was done from the very beginning in the foreign rationing system, from which the mentioned figures were taken. This once again shows that the authors of the document are not trying to solve the problems at hand. It's time to bake Easter cakes, rather than making adjustments to the existing Christmas pudding recipe.
What's it worth? another attempt introduce nonsense into SP 5.13130, which can baffle any competent specialist:
"14.1.1. It is recommended to select the type of automatic fire detectors in accordance with their sensitivity to test fires in accordance with GOST R 53325.”
Test lesions for all types of IP, with the exception of special additional test lesions for aspiration, are the same. And the task of any individual entrepreneur is to pass these tests. And no one anywhere will find specific numerical indicators of this sensitivity to test fires, so that one specific detector can be compared with another and make a choice. Apparently, this was done only so as not to make major changes to the source text from NPB 88-2001:
"12.1. It is recommended that the type of point smoke detector be selected according to its ability to detect Various types fumes, which can be determined according to GOST R 50898."
But even in the edition of NPB 88-2001 this was already unprofessional. A smoke detector must detect all types of smoke, otherwise it cannot be called a smoke detector. The problem of reliable and timely fire detection needs to be solved from a completely different perspective, and not try to replace one stupidity with another. It would be good, first of all, to determine such characteristics of the system as timeliness and reliability of fire detection, how they are determined, achieved and how to standardize them. And only after that give some recommendations.
In my opinion, without a clear understanding of the meaning of these characteristics, one cannot talk about any effectiveness of the fire alarm itself, and this requires serious study and discussion.
And here, in the draft of the new edition of SP 5.13130, a new twist appears - attempts were discovered to give some preferences to gas fire alarms, which have been finally decided on for about ten years abroad, and not in their favor.
All the above examples are the results of haphazard work. The lack of requirements for the main characteristics of the AUPS is replaced by a chaotic set of private design rules.
The set of rules SP 5.13130 is a lower-level regulatory document. And sooner or later it will be necessary to develop a national standard instead. But with SP 5.13130 in its current edition there is no need to even talk about this.
SOME EXCURSION INTO INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
The European standard EN 54-14 “Requirements for planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance” states right in the introduction:
"1. Application area
This standard sets out the mandatory requirements for the use of automatic systems fire alarm, i.e. detection and/or notification in the event of a fire. The standard addresses issues of planning and design of fire alarm systems, their installation, commissioning, operating procedures and Maintenance».
Note the term "requirements" used. And these requirements apply specifically to the final product - the fire alarm.
There is no need to separate design, installation, operation and maintenance according to different regulatory documents. Let us note that in our country no documents have yet been created either on installation, or on operation and maintenance of fire alarms. Fire alarm requirements at all stages life cycle must remain unchanged. And now it is simply impossible to make claims for non-compliance of the fire alarm system in use with existing requirements on the basis of existing regulatory documents. One thing was designed, it was installed differently, and after several years of operation and maintenance a third one appeared. And this question in EN 54-14 was closed forever.
And now, for example, one more of the general provisions from EN 54-14:
"6.4.1. Fire detectors: General provisions
When choosing the type of detector, the following factors should be considered:
Type of materials on the protected object and their flammability;
Dimensions and location of rooms (especially ceiling height);
Availability of ventilation and heating;
Indoor environmental conditions;
Probability of false positives;
Regulatory acts. The selected type of fire detectors should, taking into account the environmental conditions in the places where they are planned to be installed, ensure the earliest possible guaranteed fire detection and signal transmission fire alarm. There are no types of detectors that are suitable for use in all conditions. Ultimately, this choice depends on specific conditions.”
And only after this are specific instructions given on the use of each type of IP, which to some extent are also available in our SP 5.13130.
However, there is also fundamental differences. One of the factors influencing the choice of IP, as can be seen from the list above, is the probability of false positives. And this concept found a place in EN 54-14:
"4.5. False alarm
False alarms and the resulting system disruption are a serious problem and can result in a genuine fire alarm being ignored. Therefore, those responsible for planning, installing and operating the system must take the utmost care to avoid false alarms.”
Thus, in many national standards, which are sometimes more stringent than pan-European standards, the probability of false positives has been standardized for more than ten years. This is the approach of real experts in their field.
And in our country at this time, the authors of the standards prefer not to give direct answers to questions from many years of everyday practice. Or maybe they are deliberately doing it so that they can constantly communicate with people through letters of explanation and letters of “happiness”.
Just look at the following requirement in the SP 5.13130 project:
"18.5. The required probability of failure-free operation of technical equipment, adopted in accordance with the methodology for calculating risks depending on the fire danger of the facility, is ensured by the reliability parameters of the technical equipment of a particular system when conducting functional checks during operation, with a calculated frequency in accordance with the Comments to ".
That is, before developing working documentation for a fire alarm and determining the required probability of failure-free operation, it is necessary to conduct a functional test during operation of this particular fire alarm at this particular facility with a certain frequency. Do you think someone will be guided by this when designing? And then why write such a rule?
PROPOSALS FOR THE FORMATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE ALARMS
In order for there to be a cause-and-effect relationship between the requirements for fire alarms between the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” and the new regulatory document, it is proposed to present it in the following form.
List the tasks to be solved in the same order as I did at the very beginning of this article: reliability of fire detection, timeliness of fire detection, resistance of AUPS and SPS to external environmental influences, monitoring the current state of AUPS and SPS by duty personnel, interaction between AUPS and ATP with other fire protection subsystems, the safety of people from electric shock, and after that, disclose each component.
It might look something like this: 1. The reliability of fire detection is ensured by:
■ choosing the IP type;
■ formation of fire alarm control zones;
■ algorithm for making decisions about a fire;
■ protection from false positives.
1.1. Selecting IP type:
1.1.1. EITI allows...
1.1.2. IPT allows...
1.1.3. IPDL allows...
1.1.4. IPDA allows.
1.2. Formation of fire alarm control zones:
Why are they formed, what restrictions are imposed on them?
1.3. Algorithms for making decisions about a fire that increase reliability:
1.3.1. . "Fire 1". "Fire 2".
1.3.2. ... "Attention" ... "Fire." 1.4. Protection against false positives:
1.4.1. The use of combined IP...
1.4.2. Using multi-criteria IP... (just first you need to understand what it is).
1.4.3. Using IP with protection against particles that are not combustion products...
1.4.4. The degree of rigidity of fire automatic equipment to electromagnetic influences.
2. Timely detection of fire is ensured by:
2.1. Thermal IP should be placed in such and such a way.
2.2. Place smoke point IP...
2.3. Manual call points should be located.
3. The stability of AUPS and SPS to external influences is achieved:
■ choosing the appropriate topology for constructing an installation or fire alarm system;
■ resistance to external mechanical stress;
■ resistance to electromagnetic interference;
■ stability of communication lines in fire conditions;
■ redundancy of power supplies and power lines.
3.1. Selection of structure topology.
3.2. Resistance to external mechanical influences:
3.2.1. Devices should be placed...
3.2.2. Communication lines should be laid.
3.3. Stability of communication lines in fire conditions.
3.4. Immunity to electromagnetic interference.
3.5. Power requirements.
4. Visualization of the current state of AUPS and SPS is provided by:
4.1. Personnel on duty must have continuous visual and audio monitoring.
4.2. Personnel on duty must have access to the necessary information...
4.3. Personnel on duty must have access to controls for prompt intervention.
5. Interaction of AUPS with other fire protection subsystems:
5.1. Management of AUPT and SOUE type 5 must be carried out.
5.2. Management of SOUE types 1-4 must be carried out.
5.3. Smoke ventilation must be controlled.
5.4. Fire signals from fire category facilities F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, and F4.2 must be duplicated...
5.5. Fire signals from facilities that do not have 24-hour fire stations must be transmitted...
5.6. Compatibility of various fire automatic equipment with each other.
6. Ensuring the safety of people from electric shock is ensured by:
6.1. Grounding...
6.2. Controls must be protected from accidental access.
This, of course, is not a dogma; it can be considered as one of the proposals for the structure of the new document.
As soon as the requirements already existing in SP 5.13130 are placed in the proposed places, it will become clear whether they are sufficient to solve the problems at hand or not. Requirements will appear that never found a place in this structure. In this case, you will have to evaluate their necessity. It is quite possible that it would make sense to concentrate some of the provisions or rules in some recommendations, which may not be of a mandatory nature.
I can say that in the process of working on such a structure of a fundamentally new document, many new problems will appear. For example, how to correlate the required reliability of fire detection and timeliness of detection. If increased timeliness of detection is required, then two PI located in the same room must be switched on using the “OR” scheme, otherwise one PI is sufficient if, at the same time, some other boundary conditions are met. And, if increased reliability is required at the expense of timely detection, then these two PIs will have to be included according to the “AND” scheme. Who should make this decision and in what case?
A LITTLE ABOUT THE SICKNESS
Here I would like to recall the issue of electrical and information compatibility of various fire automatic equipment with each other. In order to minimize costs for fire automatic equipment, a decision is often made to use one unit from one manufacturer and another unit from a second manufacturer. And the third from the third. Those. Hedgehogs and grass snakes are crossing with each other. The draft new edition states that for this they must be compatible with each other. But there is nothing about who should check and evaluate this compatibility. If we are talking about products from one manufacturer, then this is checked during certification tests by specially trained experts.
But the right to combine device components from different manufacturers is given to anyone. Miracles, and that's all. In response to my corresponding question to the authors of such a norm, I was given the answer that “experienced specialists” are doing this. Then why does the set of rules for these “experienced specialists” indicate so many small and detailed features for laying fire alarm cables and other small things. Why transfer so much paper for this? If necessary, they will figure it out themselves. This is the approach of the authors to their own regulatory documents.
And I also want to return to the place of fire control devices, which I have already mentioned twice here. If we take the sets of rules for related fire protection systems (on warning people about a fire, smoke protection, internal fire water supply, elevators, etc.), then they only talk about the procedure for using final actuators (annunciators, fans, electric drives, valves, etc.). It is understood that the signals to them come from fire alarm installations or systems, but nothing is written about the use of fire control devices to control these actuators. Thus, over the course of many years, a whole link in the form of control devices has fallen out of the norm. Everyone knows about this, but until now all authors fire safety standards this topic is carefully avoided, everyone nods to Federal Law No. 123. Only according to the law in paragraph 3 of Art. 103 and in paragraph 3. Art. 103 these control devices, strange as it may seem, relate to fire alarms. Maybe it's not so bad. Only then should they be taken into account in the relevant requirements. There should be no blind spots in fire safety.
CONCLUSION OR CONCLUSION
If work is not carried out to radically revise the principle of construction and content of the set of rules SP 5.13130, then there will be no need to talk about its trouble-free application in practice. Further rolling the snowball will not yield results, everyone has long understood this. Over more than 30 years of “improving” it, too much has changed. Without identifying the tasks facing this document, we will never achieve them, and it will remain a kind of cookbook with a very complex and contradictory recipe. We hope that the employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia will find a solution to this problem, otherwise they will have to involve the public.
Appendix to the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274
OKS 13.220.01
CHANGE No. 1 to the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems.
Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules"
Date of introduction from 06/20/2011.
1) In section 3:
clause 3.99 should be stated as follows:
“3.99 sprinkler-drencher AUP (AUP-SD): Sprinkler AUP, in which a deluge control unit and technical means of activation are used, and the supply of fire extinguishing agent to the protected area is carried out only when the sprinkler sprinkler and technical means of activation are activated according to the logical “I” circuit control node.",
add paragraphs 3.121 -3.125 with the following content:
"3.121 fire automatic systems: Equipment integrated
connecting lines and working according to a given algorithm in order to perform tasks to ensure fire safety at the facility.
3.122 air compensator: A fixed-orifice device designed to minimize the likelihood of false alarm valve activations caused by air leaks in the supply and/or distribution piping of air sprinkler AUPs.
3.123 irrigation intensity: Volume of fire extinguishing liquid (water, aqueous solution (including aqueous foam solution, other fire extinguishing liquids) per unit area per unit time.
3.124 minimum area irrigated by AUP: The minimum value of the normative or design part of the total protected area subject to simultaneous irrigation with fire extinguishing liquid when all sprinklers located on this part of the total protected area are activated.
3.125 thermally activated microencapsulated OTV (ThermaOTV):
A substance (fire extinguishing liquid or gas) contained in the form of microinclusions (microcapsules) in solid, plastic or bulk materials, released when the temperature rises to a certain (specified) value.”
2) Clause 4.2 of Section 4 should be stated as follows:
“4.2 Automatic installations (with the exception of autonomous ones) must simultaneously perform the fire alarm function.”
3) In section 5:
in the notes to table 5.1 of paragraph 5.1.4:
paragraph 4 should be stated as follows:
"4 If the actual protected area is 8f less than the minimum area
S, irrigated by AUP, indicated in Table 5.3, then the actual flow can be reduced by the coefficient K = Bf/ S.”,
add paragraphs 7-9 as follows, respectively:
“7 The duration of operation of foam fire extinguishing systems with low and medium expansion foam for the surface fire extinguishing method should be taken as follows: 10 minutes. - for premises of categories B2 and VZ for fire danger, 15 min. - for premises of categories A, B and B1 for explosion and fire hazard, 25 min. - for premises of group 7.
8 For deluge AUPs, it is allowed to place sprinklers with distances between them greater than those given in Table 5.1 for sprinkler sprinklers, provided that when arranging deluge sprinklers, the standard values of irrigation intensity for the entire protected area are provided and the decision made does not contradict the requirements of the technical documentation for this type of sprinklers .
9 The distance between sprinklers under a sloped roof should be taken along a horizontal plane.”,
clause 5.4.4 shall be deleted,
clause 5.8.8 shall be supplemented with the following paragraph:
“In sprinkler water-filled and air-filled automatic control systems, it is allowed to install a shut-off device behind the signal valve, provided that automatic control of the state of the shut-off device (“Closed” - “Open”) is provided with the output of a signal to a room with constant presence of duty personnel.”,
clause 5.9.25 shall be supplemented with the following paragraph:
“The design and reserve volumes of the foaming agent may be contained in one vessel.”
4) table 8.1 of clause 8.3 of section 8 should be stated as follows: “Table 8.1_
5) In section 11:
clause 11.1 should be stated as follows:
"eleven. 1 Autonomous fire extinguishing installations are divided according to the type of fire extinguishing agent (FME) into liquid, foam, gas, powder, aerosol, fire extinguishing installations with Terma-FTV and combined ones.”,
Clauses 11.3, 11.4 shall be amended as follows, respectively:
“11.3 The design of autonomous installations is carried out in accordance with the design guidelines developed by the design organization to protect standard facilities.
11.4 The requirements for the stock of fire extinguishing agents for an autonomous fire extinguishing installation must comply with the requirements for the stock of fire extinguishing agents for an automatic fire extinguishing installation of a modular type, with the exception of autonomous installations with thermally activated microencapsulated fire extinguishing agents.”
add clause 11.6 with the following content:
"11.6 Autonomous fire extinguishing installations are recommended for the protection electrical equipment in accordance with technical characteristics electrical equipment."
6) In section 13:
clause 13.1.11 should be stated as follows:
“13.1.11 Fire detectors should be used in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules, other regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as technical documentation for specific types of detectors.
The design of detectors must ensure their safety in relation to the external environment in accordance with the requirements.
The type and parameters of detectors must ensure their resistance to the effects of climatic, mechanical, electromagnetic, optical, radiation and other environmental factors at the locations where the detectors are located.”
clause 13.2.2 should be stated as follows:
“13.2.2 The maximum number and area of premises protected by one address line with addressable fire detectors or addressable devices is determined by technical capabilities control and control equipment, the technical characteristics of the detectors included in the line and does not depend on the location of the premises in the building.
Addressable fire alarm loops together with addressable fire detectors can include addressable input/output devices, addressable control modules for addressless loops with addressable fire detectors included in them, short-circuit separators, and addressable actuators. The possibility of including addressable devices in an addressable loop and their number are determined by the technical characteristics of the equipment used, given in the manufacturer’s technical documentation.
Address lines of control panels may include address security detectors or addressless security detectors through addressable devices, provided that the necessary algorithms for the operation of fire and security systems are provided.”,
clause 13.3.6 shall be stated as follows:
“13.3.6 Placement of point heat and smoke fire detectors should be made taking into account air flow in the protected room, caused by supply and/or exhaust ventilation, while the distance from the detector to vent must be at least 1 m. In the case of using aspirating fire detectors, the distance from the air intake pipe with holes to the ventilation hole is regulated by the amount of permissible air flow for this type
detectors in accordance with the technical documentation for the detector.
The horizontal and vertical distance from the detectors to nearby objects and devices, to electric lamps, in any case must be at least 0.5 m. Fire detectors must be placed in such a way that nearby objects and devices (pipes, air ducts, equipment, etc.) prevented the impact of fire factors on the detectors, and sources of light radiation and electromagnetic interference did not affect the preservation of the detector’s functionality.”,
clause 13.3.8 shall be stated as follows:
“13.3.8 Point smoke and heat fire detectors should be installed in each ceiling compartment with a width of 0.75 m or more, limited by building structures (beams, purlins, slab ribs, etc.) protruding from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m.
If building structures protrude from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m, and the compartments they form are less than 0.75 m in width, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by 40%.
If there are protruding parts on the ceiling from 0.08 to 0.4 m, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by 25%.
The maximum distance between detectors along linear beams is determined according to tables 13.3 and 13.5, taking into account clause 13.3.10.”,
clause 13.15.9 shall be stated as follows:
“13.15.9 Connecting lines made with telephone and control cables that meet the requirements of clause 13.15.7 must have a reserve supply of cable cores and junction box terminals of at least 10%.,”
Paragraph one of clause 13.15.14 shall be stated as follows:
“13.15.14 The joint installation of fire alarm loops and connecting lines of fire automatic systems with voltages up to 60 V with lines with voltages of 110 V or more in one box, pipe, harness, or closed channel is not allowed building structure or on one tray.",
Paragraph one of clause 13.15.15 shall be stated as follows:
“13.15.15 In case of parallel open installation, the distance from wires and cables of fire automatic systems with voltage up to 60 V to power and lighting cables must be at least 0.5 m.”
7) In section 14:
clause 14.2 shall be stated as follows:
“14.2 Generating control signals for type 1, 2, 3, 4 warning systems, smoke protection equipment, general ventilation and air conditioning, engineering equipment involved in ensuring the fire safety of the facility, as well as generating commands to turn off the power supply to consumers interlocked with the systems fire automatics, is allowed to be carried out when one fire detector is triggered, meeting the recommendations set out in Appendix P. In this case, at least two detectors are installed in the room (part of the room), connected according to the logical “OR” circuit. The placement of detectors is carried out at a distance no greater than the normative one.
When using detectors that additionally meet the requirements of clause 13.3.3 a), b), c), in a room (part of a room), it is allowed to install one
fire detector."
Clauses 14.4, 14.5 shall be amended as follows, respectively:
“14.4 In a room with round-the-clock presence of on-duty personnel, notifications about the malfunction of monitoring and control devices installed outside this room, as well as communication lines, control and management of technical means of warning people in case of fire and evacuation control, smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing and others must be sent fire protection installations and devices.
The design documentation must identify the recipient of the fire notification to ensure that the tasks in accordance with Section 17 are completed.
At facilities of functional hazard class F 1.1 and F 4.1, fire notifications must be transmitted to fire departments via a duly allocated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode without the participation of facility personnel and any organizations broadcasting these signals. It is recommended to use technical means with resistance to electromagnetic interference of at least the 3rd degree of severity according to GOST R 53325-2009.
If there are no personnel on site on duty 24/7, fire notifications must be transmitted to fire departments via a duly designated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode.
At other facilities, if technically possible, it is recommended to duplicate automatic fire alarm signals about fire to fire departments via a duly allocated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode.
At the same time, measures must be taken to increase the reliability of fire notifications, for example, the transmission of “Attention”, “Fire” notifications, etc.
14.5 It is recommended that the smoke ventilation system be started from smoke or gas fire detectors, including if a fire extinguishing sprinkler system is used at the facility.
The smoke ventilation system should be started from fire detectors:
if the response time of the automatic fire sprinkler installation is longer than the time required to activate the smoke ventilation system and ensure safe evacuation,
if the fire extinguishing agent (water) of a water fire extinguishing sprinkler installation makes it difficult to evacuate people.
In other cases, smoke ventilation systems may be switched on from a fire extinguishing sprinkler installation.”
8) Clause 15.1 of Section 15 should be stated as follows:
“15.1 In terms of the degree of ensuring the reliability of power supply, fire protection systems should be classified as Category I in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules, with the exception of compressor electric motors, drainage and foam pumps, which belong to Category III of power supply, as well as the cases specified in paragraphs. 15.3, 15.4.
Power supply of fire protection systems for buildings of functional fire hazard class F1.1 with round-the-clock occupancy
should be provided from three independent mutually redundant power sources, one of which should be autonomous electric generators.”
9) In Appendix A:
paragraph A.2 should be stated as follows:
“A.2 In this annex, a building means a building as a whole or a part of a building (fire compartment), separated by fire walls and fire resistant ceilings of the 1st type.
The standard indicator of room area in Section III of this appendix means the area of a part of a building or structure allocated by enclosing structures classified as fire barriers with a fire resistance limit: partitions - not less than EI 45, walls and ceilings - not less than REI 45. For buildings and structures, in which there are no parts (premises) allocated by enclosing structures with the specified fire resistance limit, the standard indicator of room area in Section III of this appendix means the area allocated by the external enclosing structures of a building or structure.”
in table A. 1:
paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 shall be stated as follows, respectively:
Object of protection |
||
Standard indicator |
||
4.1.1 Underground, above-ground 2 floors or more | ||
4.1.2.1 Buildings of I, II, III degrees of fire resistance | At total area 7000 sq.m or more | With a total area of less than 7000 sq.m. |
4.1.2.2 Buildings of IV fire resistance class, structural fire hazard class CO | With a total area of 3600 sq.m or more | With a total area of less than 3600 sq.m. |
4.1.2.3 Buildings of IV fire resistance class, structural fire hazard class C1 | With a total area of 2000 sq.m or more | With a total area of less than 2000 sq.m. |
4.1.2.4 Buildings of IV degree of fire resistance, structural fire hazard class C2, SZ | With a total area of 1000 sq.m or more | With a total area of less than 1000 sq.m. |
4.1.3 Mechanical parking buildings | ||
4.2 For maintenance and | ||
footnote “2)” should be worded as follows:
“2) AUPS fire detectors are installed in the hallways of apartments and are used to open valves and turn on fans of air supply and smoke removal units. Residential premises of apartments in residential buildings with a height of three floors or more should be equipped with autonomous optoelectronic smoke detectors.”, in table A.3:
paragraph 6 should be included in the section “Production premises”, excluding it from the section “Warehouse premises”,
paragraph 35 should be stated as follows:
add footnote “5)” with the following content.
Note: SP 5.13130.2009 as amended No. 1 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" replaced by SP 5.13130.2013.
SP 5.13130.2009 as amended No. 1 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules"
- Preface
- 1 area of use
- 2. Normative references
- 3. Terms and definitions
- 4. General provisions
- 5. Water and foam fire extinguishing systems
- 6. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
- 7. Robotic fire complex
- 8. Gas fire extinguishing installations
- 9. Modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
- 10. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
- 11. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
- 12. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
- 13. Fire alarm systems
- 14. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment of objects
- 15. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
- 16. Protective grounding and grounding. Safety requirements
- 17. General provisions taken into account when choosing fire automatic equipment
- Appendix A. List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms. General provisions
- I. Buildings
- II. Facilities
- III. Premises
- IV. Equipment
- Appendix B Groups of premises (industrial and technological processes) according to the degree of fire hazard depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
- Appendix B Methodology for calculating AUP parameters for surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
- Appendix D Methodology for calculating the parameters of high-expansion foam fire extinguishing installations
- Appendix D Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
- Appendix E Methodology for calculating the mass of gas fire extinguishing agent for gas fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing by volumetric method
- Appendix G. Methodology for hydraulic calculation of low-pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
- Appendix Z. Methodology for calculating the opening area for releasing excess pressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
- Appendix I. General provisions for the calculation of modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
- Appendix K Methodology for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
- Appendix L. Methodology for calculating excess pressure when supplying fire extinguishing aerosol to a room
- Appendix M Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
- Appendix N. Installation locations of manual fire call points depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
- Appendix O. Determining the set time for detecting a fault and eliminating it
- Appendix P. Distances from the top point of the ceiling to the detector measuring element
- Appendix R Methods for increasing the reliability of a fire signal
- Bibliography
PREFACE
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 202 No. 184-FZ “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying sets of rules are established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for the development and approval of sets of rules” dated November 19, 2008 No. 858.
Information on the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules"
- DEVELOPED BY FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
- INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 “Fire Safety”
- APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated March 25, 2009 No. 175
- REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
- INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
- Change No. 1 was introduced, approved and put into effect by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274. The effective date of change No. 1 is June 20, 2011.
1 AREA OF USE
1.1 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" developed in accordance with Articles 42, 45, 46, 54, 83, 84, 91, 103, 104, 111 - 116 of the Federal Law dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of standardization of voluntary use and establishes standards and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.
1.2 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The need to use fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems is determined in accordance with Appendix A, standards, codes of practice and other documents approved in the prescribed manner.
1.3 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations:
- buildings and structures designed according to special standards;
- technological installations located outside buildings;
- warehouse buildings with mobile shelving;
- warehouse buildings for storing products in aerosol packaging;
- warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m.
1.4 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:
- reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
- decomposing upon interaction with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);
- interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
- spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).
1.5 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" can be used in the development of special technical specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm installations.
Other documents
SP 7.13130.2013 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire safety requirements
Good afternoon to the students of our course on fire safety regulations, as well as to regular readers of our website and colleagues in the workshop. We continue our course of studying regulatory documents in the field of fire safety. Today, in the twenty-fourth lesson, we continue to study the sets of rules, which are an appendix to the Federal Law FZ-123, which we have already completed, and which are regulatory documents in the field of ensuring fire safety on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Today we will continue to study Document SP 5.13130-2009 “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules”, which we studied in previous lessons.
You can read early publications of course materials in
chronologically at the following links:
As always, before starting the topic of the twenty-fourth lesson, I suggest you answer several homework questions on previously covered material. The questions follow below. You answer questions, test yourself, and grade yourself.
Official Listeners do not need to do all this on their own - we will check the Listeners’ test and give marks by exchanging information via e-mail. Anyone who wishes to become an official student of the course is welcome - you can read the conditions by following the first link in the text of the introductory lesson.
So, ten questions on the topic – Document SP 5.13130-2009:
- 13.1.6. When choosing thermal fire detectors, it should be taken into account that the response temperature of maximum and maximum-differential detectors must be at least......select... °C higher than the maximum permissible air temperature in the room.
Choose from: (10) – (15) – (20) – (25)
- 13.2.1. One fire alarm loop with fire detectors (one pipe for air sampling if used aspiration detector), without an address, it is allowed to equip a control zone that includes:
premises located on no more than two interconnected floors, with a total area of premises......select... sq.m. m or less;
Choose from: (100) – (150) – (200) – (250) – (300)
- 13.3.2. In each protected room, at least......select... fire detectors, connected according to the “OR” logic circuit, should be installed.
Select from: (2) – (3)
4. 13.3.4. Point fire detectors should be installed under the ceiling.
If it is not possible to install detectors directly on the ceiling, they can be installed on cables, as well as on walls, columns and other load-bearing building structures.
When installing point detectors on walls, they should be placed at a distance of at least......select.... . m from the corner and at a distance from the ceiling in accordance with Appendix P.
Select from (0.2) – (0.5) – (1)
- 13.3.5. In rooms with steep roofs, for example, diagonal, gable, hipped, hipped, saw-toothed, with a slope of more than 10 degrees, some detectors are installed in the vertical plane of the roof ridge or the highest part of the building.
The area protected by one detector installed in upper parts roofs, increases by.......select.....%.
Note - If the floor plane has different slopes, then the detectors are installed on surfaces with lower slopes.
Choose from: (5) – (10) – (15) – (20) – (30)
- 13.3.6. The placement of point heat and smoke fire detectors should be made taking into account the air flows in the protected room caused by supply and/or exhaust ventilation, and the distance from the detector to the ventilation opening should be at least......select.... . m.
Choose from (0,1) – (0,5) – (1) – (2) – (5 )
7. 13.3.6. ………………. In any case, the horizontal and vertical distance from the detectors to nearby objects and devices, to electric lamps should be no less......select... . m. Fire detectors must be placed in such a way that nearby objects and devices (pipes, air ducts, equipment, etc.) do not interfere with the impact of fire factors on the detectors, and sources of light radiation and electromagnetic interference do not affect the detector’s continued functionality.
Choose from (0,1) – (0,5) – (1) – (2) – (5)
8. 13.3.8. Point smoke and heat fire detectors should be installed in each ceiling compartment with a width of......select... . m or more, limited by building structures (beams, purlins, slab ribs, etc.) protruding from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m.
Choose from (0,1) – (0,5) – (0,75) – (1) – (1,2)
- 13.3.8. ………….If there are protruding parts on the ceiling from 0.08 to 0.4 m, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by.…….select…. %……..
Choose from (5) – (10) – (25) – (30) – (50)
10. 13.3.9. Point and linear, smoke and heat fire detectors, as well as aspiration, should be installed in each compartment of the room formed by stacks of materials, racks, equipment and building structures, the upper edges of which are spaced from the ceiling by......select.... m or less.
Choose from (0,1) – (0,3) – (0,5) – (0,6) – (0,7)
On this, with verification Homework we have finished, we move on to the twenty-fourth lesson, we continue to study Document SP5.13130-2009. As usual, I remind you that I will mark particularly important parts of the text that you just need to memorize in red font and my personal comments on the text in blue font.
13.10. Gas fire detectors
13.10.1. Gas fire detectors should be installed in accordance with Table 13.3, as well as in accordance with the operating instructions for these detectors and the manufacturer’s recommendations, agreed upon with authorized organizations (those with permission for the type of activity).
13.11. Autonomous fire detectors
13.11.1. Autonomous fire detectors, when used in apartments and dormitories, should be installed one in each room, if the area of the room does not exceed the area controlled by one fire detector in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules.
Autonomous fire detectors are usually installed on horizontal ceiling surfaces.
Self-contained fire detectors should not be installed in areas with little air exchange (in the corners of rooms and above doorways).
It is recommended to combine autonomous fire detectors with a joint switching function into a network within an apartment, floor or house.
13.12. Flow-through fire detectors
13.12.1. Flow fire detectors are used to detect fire factors as a result of analyzing the environment spreading through ventilation ducts exhaust ventilation.
Detectors should be installed in accordance with the operating instructions for these detectors and the manufacturer’s recommendations, agreed upon with authorized organizations (those with permission for the type of activity).
13.13. Manual call points
13.13.1. Manual fire call points should be installed on walls and structures at a height of (1.5 +/- 0.1) m from the ground or floor level to the control (lever, button, etc.).
13.13.2. Manual fire call points should be installed in places away from electromagnets, permanent magnets and other devices, the influence of which can cause spontaneous activation of a manual fire call point (the requirement applies to manual fire call points that are triggered when a magnetic contact is switched), at a distance of:
no more than 50 m from each other inside buildings;
no more than 150 m from each other outside buildings;
at least 0.75 m from other controls and objects that impede free access to the detector.
13.13.3. The illumination at the installation site of the manual fire call point must be no less than the standard for these types of premises.
13.14. Fire control and control devices, fire control devices. Equipment and its placement. Room for duty personnel
13.14.1. Control panels, control devices and other equipment should be used in accordance with the requirements state standards, technical documentation and taking into account climatic, mechanical, electromagnetic and other influences at their locations, as well as in the presence of appropriate certificates.
Note – An automated workstation (AWS) based on electronic computing devices, used as a control panel and/or control device, must meet the requirements of this section and have an appropriate certificate. Here, in the context, it is not the computer itself that must be certified, but the automated workplace program must have a security certificate.
13.14.2. Fire alarm control devices, fire control devices and other equipment operating in fire automatic installations and systems must be resistant to electromagnetic interference with a severity level of at least two according to GOST R 53325.
13.14.3. Fire alarm control panels that have a sounder control function must provide automatic monitoring of communication lines with remote sounders for open circuits and short circuits. This is exactly the requirement for circuit control. Many old devices, such as “Granite” or “Nota”, do not have circuit control. Previously, they were installed because there were no requirements for mandatory circuit monitoring in the airbag (previously, until 2009, fire safety standards, in particular NPB 88-01, existed and were considered a regulatory document). And now, the provisions of SP5.13130-2009, as you can see, require circuit monitoring. This means that PS systems based on old control panels require repair.
13.14.4. The information capacity reserve of control and control devices designed to work with non-addressable fire detectors (with 10 or more loops) must be at least 10%.
13.14.5. Reception and control devices, as a rule, should be installed in a room with 24-hour presence of on-duty personnel. In justified cases, it is allowed to install these devices in premises without personnel on round-the-clock duty, while ensuring separate transmission of notifications about fire, malfunction, condition of technical equipment to the premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty, and ensuring control of notification transmission channels. In this case, the room where the devices are installed must be equipped with security and fire alarms and protected from unauthorized access. According to this clause, devices that are installed in a room without personnel are placed inside a metal locked cabinet, which is correct, since it is necessary to protect the devices from unauthorized access. However, people often forget to equip the cabinet door burglar alarm. This is incorrect, since the clause of the norms clearly requires that the premises be equipped, i.e. the space where the device is placed, a security alarm.
13.14.6. Reception and control devices and control devices should be installed on walls, partitions and structures made of non-combustible materials. Installation of the specified equipment is allowed on structures made of flammable materials, provided that these structures are protected by a steel sheet with a thickness of at least 1 mm or other non-combustible sheet material with a thickness of at least 10 mm. Wherein sheet material must protrude beyond the contour of the installed equipment by at least 0.1 m.
13.14.7. The distance from the top edge of the control panel and control device to the ceiling of the room made of flammable materials must be at least 1 m.
13.14.8. If several control panels and control devices are located adjacently, the distance between them must be at least 50 mm.
13.14.9. Reception and control devices and control devices should be placed in such a way that the height from the floor level to the operational controls and indications of the said equipment meets ergonomic requirements.
14/13/10. A fire station or a room with personnel on duty around the clock should be located, as a rule, on the first or ground floor building. It is allowed to place the specified room above the first floor, and the exit from it must be in the lobby or corridor adjacent to the staircase, which has direct access to the outside of the building.
14/13/11. The distance from the door of a fire station or a room with personnel on 24-hour duty is up to staircase leading outside should not exceed, as a rule, 25 m.
14/13/12. A fire station room or a room with personnel on duty 24 hours a day must have the following characteristics:
The area is usually at least 15 square meters. m;
air temperature ranging from 18 ° C to 25 ° C with a relative humidity of no more than 80%;
availability of natural and artificial lighting, as well as emergency lighting, which must comply with (9);
room illumination:
in natural light at least 100 lux;
from fluorescent lamps not less than 150 lux;
from incandescent lamps at least 100 lux;
with emergency lighting, at least 50 lux;
the presence of natural or artificial ventilation according to (6);
availability of telephone communication with the fire department of the facility or locality.
These premises should not be installed rechargeable batteries backup power, except sealed.
14/13/13. In the premises of duty personnel who are on duty around the clock, emergency lighting should turn on automatically when the main lighting is turned off. This means an emergency lamp with battery support at the installation site of the control and control devices.
13.15. Fire alarm loops. Connecting and supply lines of fire automatic systems
13.15.1. Both wired and non-wired communication channels can be used as fire alarm loops and connecting communication lines.
13.15.2. Fire alarm loops, wired and non-wired, as well as connecting lines, wired and non-wired, must be made to ensure the required reliability of information transmission and continuous automatic monitoring of their serviceability along their entire length.
13.15.3. Choice electrical wires and cables, methods of laying them for organizing fire alarm loops and connecting lines must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53315, GOST R 53325, (7), the requirements of this section and technical documentation for devices and equipment of the fire alarm system.
13.15.4. Electrical fire alarm loops and connecting lines should be made with independent wires and cables with copper conductors.
Electrical wire loops of fire alarms, as a rule, should be made with communication wires, if the technical documentation for fire alarm control and control devices does not provide for the use of special types of wires or cables.
13.15.5. It is allowed to use dedicated communication lines in case of absence automatic control fire protection means.
13.15.6. Optical connecting lines and non-electrical (pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.) are preferably used in areas with significant electromagnetic influences.
13.15.7. Fire resistance of wires and cables connected to various components fire automatics systems must be no less than the time it takes for these components to perform tasks for a specific installation location.
The fire resistance of wires and cables is ensured by the choice of their type, as well as the methods of their installation. The installation method, in this context, is the use of fasteners, which, like the wire, will retain the required properties for the time necessary for the fire protection systems to perform their functions.
13.15.8. In cases where the fire alarm system is not intended to control automatic fire extinguishing installations, warning systems, smoke removal and other fire safety engineering systems of the facility, for connecting fire alarm loops radial type with voltage up to 60 V, connecting lines made by telephone cables with copper conductors can be used for reception and control devices integrated network communication of the object, subject to the allocation of communication channels. In this case, dedicated free pairs from the cross-connection to the distribution boxes used when installing fire alarm loops, as a rule, should be placed in groups within each distribution box and mark with red paint. There is a lot of debate about whether dispatch system networks must be made with non-flammable wires and cables or whether it can be done with ordinary flammable telephone cable networks, such as TRV or TPP. The point described above is an attempt to allow the signal to be output to the monitoring station by connecting alarm pairs of cable from the PS system to a common multi-core communication cable, cross it over the common cross-connect of the telephone exchange and output it where necessary. If it weren’t for GOST 3156502012, which strictly states the requirement to use non-flammable wires and cables for fire protection systems, it might have worked, based on this clause. But since GOST exists and is valid, this point can be considered “dead”, since GOST is a serious thing. In general, there is “Sagittarius” - use it.
13.15.9. Connecting lines made with telephone and control cables that meet the requirements of clause 13.15.7 must have a reserve supply of cable cores and junction box terminals of at least 10%.
(clause 13.15.9 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274)
13.15.10. Fire alarm loops of the radial type, as a rule, should be connected to fire alarm control panels using junction boxes and cross-connections. It is allowed to connect radial fire alarm loops directly to fire appliances if the information capacity of the devices does not exceed 20 loops.
13.15.11. Fire alarm loops ring type should be carried out using independent wires and communication cables, with the beginning and end ring loop must be connected to the appropriate terminals of the fire control panel.
13.15.12. The diameter of the copper cores of wires and cables must be determined based on the permissible voltage drop, but not less than 0.5 mm.
13.15.13. Power supply lines for control panels and fire control devices, as well as connecting control lines for automatic fire extinguishing, smoke removal or warning installations should be made with separate wires and cables. It is not allowed to lay them in transit through explosive and fire hazardous premises (areas). In justified cases, it is allowed to lay these lines through fire-hazardous rooms (zones) in the voids of building structures of class K0 or with fire-resistant wires and cables.
13.15.14. The joint installation of fire alarm loops and connecting lines of fire automatic systems with a voltage of up to 60 V with lines of a voltage of 110 V or more in one box, pipe, harness, closed channel of a building structure or on one tray is not allowed.
Joint gasket specified lines allowed in different compartments of boxes and trays that have solid longitudinal partitions with a fire resistance limit of 0.25 hours made of non-combustible material.
13.15.15. In case of parallel open installation, the distance from wires and cables of fire automatic systems with voltage up to 60 V to power and lighting cables must be at least 0.5 m.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274)
It is allowed to lay the specified wires and cables at a distance of less than 0.5 m from power and lighting cables, provided they are protected from electromagnetic interference. Please note that it is not indicated exactly and specifically in meters and centimeters at what distance of less than 0.5 meters laying is allowed if there is protection from electromagnetic interference. It turns out that it can be reduced to almost zero - the only thing is that it does not work out “in one bundle”, so as not to violate clause 13.15.14. If you just put it next to it with separate fastenings, you won’t break anything.
It is allowed to reduce the distance to 0.25 m from wires and cables of fire alarm loops and connecting lines without interference protection to single lighting wires and control cables.
13.15.16. In rooms and areas of rooms where electromagnetic fields and interference can cause operational disruptions, electrical wire loops and fire alarm connecting lines must be protected from interference.
13.15.17. If it is necessary to protect fire alarm loops and connecting lines from electromagnetic interference, “ twisted pair”, shielded or unshielded wires and cables laid in metal pipes, boxes, etc. In this case, the shielding elements must be grounded. Shield grounding is key and important point. Keep in mind that it is not enough to simply ground the screen at the point where the cable is connected to the PS device. It is necessary to CONNECT the screens of the broken ends of the cable with each other, so that the screen is grounded along the entire length of the laid cable, whenever a cable is broken, when installing a fire detector or siren or light signaling device on this cable. This is important and it is advisable to write in the text of the project in the installation instructions section.
13.15.18. External electrical wiring for fire alarm systems should generally be laid in the ground or in a sewer.
If it is impossible to lay them in the specified way, it is allowed to lay them on the outer walls of buildings and structures, under canopies, on cables or on supports between buildings outside streets and roads in accordance with requirements (7) and (16).
15/13/19. The main and backup cable power supply lines of fire alarm systems should be laid along different routes, eliminating the possibility of their simultaneous failure during a fire at the controlled facility. The laying of such lines, as a rule, should be carried out through different cable structures.
Parallel laying of these lines along the walls of premises is allowed with a clear distance between them of at least 1 m.
The joint laying of the specified cable lines is allowed, provided that at least one of them is laid in a box (pipe) made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours.
13.15.20. If necessary, fire alarm lines are divided into sections using junction boxes.
In the absence of visual monitoring of the presence of power at fire detectors included in the radial fire alarm loop, it is recommended to provide a device at the end of the loop that provides visual monitoring of its condition (for example, a device with a flashing signal). If fire detectors “wink” with an indicator in the “normal” state, then the specified device does not need to be installed. You can save money and not install a UKSH (loop control device).
In the absence of such control, it is advisable to provide a switching device, which must be installed in an accessible location and at an accessible height at the end of the loop to connect such control means. A socket for connecting a portable indicator is meant. Well, no one has been using this for a long time.
13.15.21. When controlling automatic fire extinguishing installations, radio communication lines must ensure the necessary reliability of information transmission.
14. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with others
systems and engineering equipment of facilities
14.1. The generation of signals for automatic control of warning systems, smoke removal systems or engineering equipment of the facility must be carried out in a time not exceeding the difference between the minimum value of the time for blocking evacuation routes and the evacuation time after notification of a fire.
The generation of signals for automatic control of fire extinguishing installations should be carried out in a time not exceeding the difference between the maximum time of development of the fire source and the inertia of the fire extinguishing installations, but no more than necessary for safe evacuation.
Generation of signals for automatic control of fire extinguishing, or smoke removal, or warning installations, or engineering equipment must be carried out when at least two fire detectors are triggered, connected according to the logical “AND” circuit. Here is a very subtle point that many do not notice. Please note that we are talking exclusively about detectors connected according to the “I” scheme. Do not confuse with detectors activated using the “OR” logic.
In this case, the placement of detectors should be done at a distance of no more than half the standard distance, determined according to tables 13.3-13.6, respectively.
Note - A distance of no more than half the standard, determined according to tables 13.3-13.6, is taken between detectors located along the walls, as well as along the length or width of the room (X or Y). The distance from the detector to the wall is determined according to tables 13.3 – 13.6 without reduction. Also a very important point. Either along the length or width of the room, the distances are reduced, and not everywhere and everywhere. Read it several times, get the gist and memorize it.
14.2. Generating control signals for type 1, 2, 3, 4 warning systems, smoke protection equipment, general ventilation and air conditioning, engineering equipment involved in ensuring the fire safety of the facility, as well as generating commands to turn off the power supply to consumers interlocked with fire automatic systems , is allowed to be carried out when one fire detector is triggered, meeting the recommendations set out in Appendix P. In this case, at least two detectors connected according to the “OR” logical circuit are installed in the room (part of the room). The placement of detectors is carried out at a distance no greater than the normative one.
When using detectors that additionally meet the requirements of clause 13.3.3 a), b), c), one fire detector can be installed in a room (part of a room). Read very carefully the requirements of clause 13.3.3, as well as Appendix R. Not every detector can be installed 1 per room!
(clause 14.2 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274)
14.3. To generate a control command according to 14.1 in the protected room or protected area there must be at least:
three fire detectors when they are included in the loops of two-threshold devices or in three independent radial loops of single-threshold devices;
four fire detectors when they are connected to two loops of single-threshold devices, two detectors in each loop;
two fire detectors that meet the requirement of 13.3.3 (“a”, “b”, “c”), connected according to the logical “AND” circuit, subject to timely replacement of the faulty detector;
two fire detectors connected according to the logical “OR” circuit, if the detectors provide increased reliability of the fire signal.
Note – A single-threshold device is a device that emits a “Fire” signal when one fire detector in the loop is triggered. A two-threshold device is a device that produces a “Fire 1” signal when one fire detector is triggered and a “Fire 2” signal when a second fire detector in the same loop is triggered.
14.4. In the room with round-the-clock presence of on-duty personnel, notifications about the malfunction of monitoring and control devices installed outside this room, as well as communication lines, monitoring and control of technical means of warning people in case of fire and evacuation control, smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing and other installations must be sent out and fire protection devices.
The design documentation must identify the recipient of the fire notification to ensure that the tasks in accordance with Section 17 are completed.
At facilities of functional hazard class F 1.1 and F 4.1, fire notifications must be transmitted to fire departments via a duly allocated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode without the participation of facility personnel and any organizations broadcasting these signals. It is recommended to use technical means with resistance to electromagnetic interference of at least the 3rd degree of severity according to GOST R 53325-2009.
If there are no personnel on site on duty 24/7, fire notifications must be transmitted to fire departments via a duly designated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode.
At other facilities, if technically possible, it is recommended to duplicate automatic fire alarm signals about fire to fire departments via a duly allocated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode.
At the same time, measures must be taken to increase the reliability of fire notifications, for example, the transmission of “Attention”, “Fire” notifications, etc.
(Clause 14.4 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274)
14.5. It is recommended that the smoke ventilation system be started from smoke or gas fire detectors, including if a fire extinguishing sprinkler system is used at the facility.
The smoke ventilation system should be started from fire detectors:
if the response time of the automatic fire sprinkler installation is longer than the time required to activate the smoke ventilation system and ensure safe evacuation;
if the fire extinguishing agent (water) of a water fire extinguishing sprinkler installation makes it difficult to evacuate people.
In other cases, smoke ventilation systems may be switched on from a fire sprinkler installation.
(clause 14.5 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274)
14.6. Simultaneous operation of automatic fire extinguishing systems (gas, powder and aerosol) and smoke protection systems in protected premises is not allowed. This is a very subtle point. Please note that it says “simultaneous operation is not allowed”, and does not protect premises with two of these systems at once. If you refer to SP 7.13130-2013, you will read that there are exceptions - for example, car parking. Of course, the algorithm of operation of smoke removal systems and, for example, powder extinguishing systems are linked in such a way that the two systems do not operate simultaneously. First, the smoke removal system is activated and operates for the estimated evacuation time. Next, the smoke removal system is turned off and the powder fire extinguishing system is turned on. The systems are technically connected by a logical algorithm and mutual interlocks, which prevents simultaneous activation.
15. Power supply of fire alarm systems
and fire extinguishing installations
15.1. In terms of the degree of reliability of power supply, fire protection systems should be classified as Category I in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules, with the exception of compressor electric motors, drainage and foam pumps, which belong to Category III of power supply, as well as the cases specified in paragraphs 15.3, 15.4.
The power supply to fire protection systems for buildings of functional fire hazard class F1.1 with round-the-clock occupancy should be provided from three independent, mutually redundant power sources, one of which should be autonomous electric generators. An interesting requirement and almost never met. Two independent sources - yes, they are installed. But three – you rarely see them anywhere, especially autonomous electric generators, i.e. This means diesel generators. But you can safely write comments about the absence of a third source - the point is completely legal.
(clause 15.1 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274)
15.2. Power supply to electrical receivers should be carried out in accordance with (7) taking into account the requirements of 15.3, 15.4.
15.3. If there is one power source (per objects III power supply reliability category) can be used as backup source power supply of electrical receivers specified in 15.1, batteries or units uninterruptible power supply, which must provide power to the specified electrical receivers in standby mode for 24 hours plus 1 hour of operation of the fire automatic system in alarm mode.
Note – It is possible to limit the operating time of the backup source in emergency mode to 1.3 times the time the fire automatic system performs tasks.
When using a battery as a power source, the battery must be recharged.
15.4. If, due to local conditions, it is not possible to power the electrical receivers specified in 15.1 from two independent sources, it is allowed to power them from one source - from different transformers of a two-transformer substation or from two nearby single-transformer substations connected to different supply lines laid along different routes, with automatic transfer device, usually on the low voltage side.
15.5. The location of the device for automatic input of the reserve, centrally at the inputs of electrical receivers of automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems, or decentralized at electrical receivers of category I of power supply reliability, is determined depending on the relative location and conditions of laying supply lines to remote electrical receivers.
15.6. For electrical receivers of automatic fire extinguishing installations of power supply reliability category I, which have an automatically switched on technological reserve (if there is one working and one reserve pump), an automatic reserve input device is not required.
15.7. In water and foam fire extinguishing installations, diesel power plants can be used as backup power.
15.8. In the case of power supply to electrical receivers of automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems from a backup input, it is allowed, if necessary, to provide power to the specified electrical receivers by disconnecting electrical receivers of power supply reliability categories II and III at the site.
15.9. Protection of electrical circuits of automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems must be carried out in accordance with (7).
It is not allowed to install thermal and maximum protection in the control circuits of automatic fire extinguishing installations, the shutdown of which may lead to a failure in the supply of fire extinguishing agent to the fire.
15.10. When using a battery as a power source, the battery must be recharged.
16. Protective grounding and grounding.
Safety requirements
16.1. Elements of electrical equipment of automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems must meet the requirements of GOST 12.2.007.0 regarding the method of protecting people from electric shock.
16.2. Protective grounding (grounding) of fire automatic equipment must be carried out in accordance with requirements (7), (16), GOST 12.1.030 and technical documentation of the manufacturer.
Note - Electrical fire automatic equipment belonging to the same system, but located in buildings and structures that do not belong to a common grounding circuit, must have galvanic isolation.
16.3. Local starting devices for automatic fire extinguishing installations must be protected from accidental access and sealed, with the exception of local starting devices installed in the premises of a fire extinguishing station or fire posts.
16.4. When using radioisotope smoke fire detectors to protect various objects, the radiation safety requirements set out in (18), (19) must be met.
17. General provisions taken into account when choosing technical
fire automatic equipment
17.1. When choosing the types of fire detectors, control panels and control devices, it is necessary to be guided by the tasks for which the fire automatics system is intended as component fire safety systems of the facility in accordance with GOST 12.1.004:
a) ensuring fire safety of people;
b) ensuring fire safety of material assets;
c) ensuring fire safety of people and material assets.
17.2. Technical means of fire detection and control signal generation must generate control signals:
a) to turn on warning and evacuation control means - for a time that ensures the evacuation of people before the onset of the maximum values of fire hazards;
b) to turn on fire extinguishing means - for the time during which the fire can be extinguished (or localized);
c) to turn on smoke protection means - for the time during which the passage of people along evacuation routes is ensured before the onset of the maximum values of fire hazards;
d) for management technological devices, participating in the operation of fire protection systems, for the time specified by the technological regulations.
17.3. Fire automatic equipment must have parameters and designs that ensure safe and normal functioning under the influence of the environment of their placement.
17.4. Technical means, the reliability of which cannot be determined in the range of external influences, must have automatic performance monitoring.
Note – Technical means with automatic performance monitoring are considered to be technical means that have control of components that make up at least 80% of the failure rate of the technical means.
The following are required and recommended applications that define the reference data. We will not publish applications, since there is nothing special to comment on in the applications. Open Document SP5.13130-2009, read all the appendices and memorize them.
This concludes Lesson 24, as well as Document SP 5.13130-2009.
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