Visual test for emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence test

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The famous American psychologist Daniel Goleman came to the conclusion that people with high emotional intelligence (EQ) are often more successful than people with high IQ. It is EQ that improves a person’s quality of life and makes him more adaptable to life.

website has created a simple 10-question test to test your EQ level.

4. At a meeting, a friend behaves irritably: she is nervous, sarcastic, snaps. You:

5. A disgruntled conductor on the bus was rude to you or insulted you. What's your reaction?

6. You are walking in the park with a group of small children, one of them starts crying because they don’t want to play with him. Your actions?

7. Your colleague dressed strangely. You noticed it. What will you do?

8. My husband comes home late. You are sitting at home with your child. You suddenly feel irritated and it increases. What happens next?

9. You got a job as a sales manager. But for 2 months nothing has worked out for you. What will be your actions?

1. “I guess I'm just not suited for this job. I’ll work for another 2 months. If nothing changes, I’ll change jobs.”

2. “I’ll analyze why I can’t do my job effectively. I will identify the reasons for ineffectiveness. I’ll improve my sales skills and try to change my approach to work.”

10. Your friend asked you to lie to her boyfriend that she was with you last night. You lied to him. What do you feel?

1. “I just feel bad, that’s all.”

2. “On the one hand, she is my friend and I must protect and support her in everything. On the other hand, I am ashamed of my actions and my senseless lies. I feel sorry for her young man. And, frankly, I’m angry at myself for doing this to him.”

Results:

If you have the majority of answers under No. 1, then you should learn to better understand other people’s emotions, control your feelings and react correctly. This will help you become happier both at work and in your personal life.

According to research by famous scientist Travis Bradberry, 90% of successful people have high emotional intelligence.

If you have the majority of answers under number 2, then your emotional intelligence is already at a high level. Then dare to conquer the world, because you already have all the cards in your hands.

• What is emotional intelligence and why is it needed?
• How to determine the level emotional intelligence according to Hall, Lusin, Goleman tests.
• What distinguishes an emotional intellectual from a person without self-control.

Emotional intellect– one of the most important communication abilities modern man, the ability to avoid stress and negativity, motivate yourself and others. To assess the level of emotional intelligence of yourself or your employees, choose one of the existing methods that we will discuss in this article.

What is emotional intelligence

Emotional intelligence is a person’s ability to evaluate himself and other people, motivation, intentions, desires, ability to control own emotions and the emotions of other people.

This concept is a consequence of the fact that most standard intelligence tests cannot predict the test taker's success in career and life. Scientists have found an explanation - successful people manage their own emotions more effectively and know how to use the emotions of other people.

Emotional intelligence consists of 4 main parts:

1. Self-awareness. A thorough analysis of your own emotions, understanding how they influence decision-making. Analysis and assessment of one's own abilities.
2. Control and management of your own emotions. Attitude towards others. Assessment of the situation. Finding solutions in difficult situations. Stress resistance.
3. Emotional sensitivity, empathy. The ability to understand the feelings and needs of other people.
4. Control and management of other people's emotions. The ability to prevent potential conflicts and regulate existing ones, the ability to sell, persuade, and get a person to talk.

One of the key signs by which you can identify a person with high emotional intelligence is goodwill. He successfully keeps all negative emotions under control and avoids conflict situations, easily makes useful contacts and makes an excellent impression on others.

Another sign of high emotional intelligence is high self-motivation. He has his own value system that he follows. He is aware of why he behaves the way he does in certain situations and understands what motivates other people.

To determine your level, you can take an emotional intelligence test online. And based on the result of this test, do own conclusions, learn to control feelings and emotions.

How to motivate employees using emotional intelligence

According to a survey by the Stockholm School of Economics in Russia, 5 basic emotions influence employee performance: interest (96%), joy (72%), anger (53%), fear (51%) and sadness (10%).

How to use these emotions to improve productivity? Find out about this from the article electronic journal"CEO".

Hall Emotional Intelligence Test

One of the most famous tests for emotional intelligence was developed by American psychologist Nicholas Hall. For Hall, emotional intelligence is a personal characteristic that allows you to identify and analyze your own emotions, manage, and recognize feelings depending on the situation. According to Hall, emotional intelligence can be improved, which is what makes it different from mental intelligence.

The Hall Test of Emotional Intelligence consists of statements that may relate to the test taker's life. Each answer is scored from (-3) for “Strongly disagree” to (+3) for “Strongly agree.” A total of 30 phrases and 5 scales:

• Managing Emotions– questions 3, 7 8, 10, 18, 30
• Self-motivation– questions 5, 6, 13, 14, 16, 22
• Emotional sensitivity– questions 9, 11, 20, 21, 23, 28
• Recognizing other people's emotions– questions 12, 15, 24, 26, 27, 29
• Emotional Awareness– questions 1, 2, 4, 17, 19, 25

As you can see, there is no intersection of scales. As a result, you can get a weighted assessment of emotional intelligence based on several parameters.

Emotional intelligence test Lyusina

The ability to understand emotions is:

• Recognition emotions, i.e. establishing the fact of the experience in oneself or an outsider.
• Identification emotions - determining exactly what emotion a person himself or an outsider is experiencing, the ability to express this emotion in verbal form.
• Understanding reasons, which cause a specific emotion, as well as the consequences to which it can lead.

The ability to manage emotions is:

• Controlling emotions muting too strong.
• Control of external expression.
• Random call a certain emotion if necessary.

Based on such definitions, a test of 46 statements was developed. The test taker must express his acceptance of these expressions on a four-point scale. The statements included in the questionnaire are divided into five subscales:

1. MP (understanding other people's emotions). The scale shows the ability to analyze and interpret the emotional state of a stranger, guided only by external manifestations or one’s own intuition.
2. MU (managing other people's emotions). The scale shows the ability to manipulate people - to cause, reduce or increase the intensity of certain emotions.
3. EP (understanding one's own emotions). Analysis and understanding of one’s own emotional state, recognition, determination, analysis of causes. The ability to express in words.
4. EM (control of one's own emotions). The ability to control what is undesirable, evoke what is desirable, and maintain a balanced emotional state.
5. EC (expression control). Ability to be in control external manifestations your emotional state.

As a result, you can get an idea of ​​the level of emotional intelligence, its strengths and weaknesses. If after passing the test the test taker has a high level of EI, this may mean the following:

• Determining whether the subject himself or a stranger experiences any emotions.
• Determining exactly what feelings a person is experiencing.
• Identification of the reasons that led to the appearance of a particular feeling or emotion.

Goleman Emotional Intelligence Test

The emotional intelligence test, developed by American researcher Daniel Goleman, consists of only 10 questions. In professional psychology, it is used quite rarely, more often when determining the level of emotionality needed for work or business.

From Goleman's point of view, emotional intelligence is primarily the ability to use one's own and others' emotions to achieve certain goals.

• Think about what causes you a negative reaction. And work from the opposite: think in the style of “what if this is not so.” Gradually the negativity will go away.
• To understand and manage emotional state, it’s worth spending a few minutes a day to analyze the most striking situations, both negative and positive, that occurred that day. Look at these situations from the point of view of an outsider, and imagine what emotions he could show in this case, in what way, and how he can avoid unnecessary negativity.

Ruven Bar-On and the emotional quotient

Any test is deeply subjective. There is not and cannot exist a single methodology for assessing emotional intelligence - for the simple reason that there is no consensus on what it is.

In 2006, the famous Israeli psychologist Ruven Bar-On defined a unit of measurement for emotional intelligence and called it the emotional quotient. From a researcher’s point of view, EI can be defined as the ability to understand oneself and others, develop a certain attitude towards people, quickly adapt to any situation, quickly solve any problems and be ready for change. According to Bar-On, emotional intelligence is constantly evolving and can be developed through various trainings and special exercises.

The psychologist assures that people with a high emotional quotient adapt more easily to changes and demands modern world. With a small coefficient, a person expects a lack of success, career growth and a lot of emotional problems. Such problems are common among people who have little experience in solving serious problems, dealing with negativity and stress, and managing their emotional state. Emotional intelligence and cognitive abilities of a person are equally present in general intelligence, by analyzing which one can assess the chances of this person to achieve serious success in life.

In practice, any of the tests described above will do. The main thing is to honestly answer all the questions asked. In this case, you will receive a balanced and adequate result, after analyzing which you will find your weak and strengths. And in the future, all that remains is to work on yourself and actively apply the acquired knowledge and skills in practice.

Why is emotional intelligence needed?

Professional knowledge and great experience- this is not a guarantee career growth. Much more important is the possession of communication skills and empathy. This adds up to emotional intelligence.

One of the leading emotional intelligence researchers and author Daniel Goleman argues that those who can combine reason and emotions perform better and more effectively than others.

In Russia, the theory of emotional intelligence is only gaining popularity. With changes in the economy, there is a need for new ways management. Previous anti-crisis measures were not effective enough and ultimately led to dissatisfaction among workers.
Now there is a need for leaders who can inspire the team to active work, prevent the occurrence of conflicts, catch the positive in any changes.

Emotions and business

Emotional intelligence is used in most professions that involve constant interaction with people.

The very concept of “emotional intelligence” arose relatively recently, about 20 years ago. But already at the Davos forum it was included among the most needed skills for 2020.

Bad mood reduces employee productivity

This was not so important a hundred years ago, when the rule was “there is no place for emotions in the workplace.” If something wasn’t going well for a worker at the machine, he simply suppressed the negativity and continued working.

IN modern conditions The basis of any work is intellectual work. Even a simple production worker is offered generate ideas, implement tools for more economical work. Other workers work exclusively with their heads - programmers, marketers, and other specialists. If they constantly experience negative emotions, their work efficiency gradually decreases to zero. In theory, it is possible to suppress too strong emotions, but a person will not work creatively and generate ideas.

Changes and uncertainty in business

The peculiarity of modern business is constant progress and variability. There was a time when large companies could plan your work strategy for decades. Today, the planning horizon has sharply shortened, and most do not plan their activities beyond three to five years. According to experts, today it is more important to develop flexibility of thinking and speed of reaction to the slightest changes than to develop grandiose goals for half a century in the future.

Modern reality is often called the VUCA world. The abbreviation VUCA comes from four English words:

• Volatility– instability
• Uncertainty– uncertainty
• Complexity– complexity
• Ambiguity– ambiguity.

These four words contain the whole essence of the modern world in which we have to work and make decisions. Modern leader a large enterprise is not able to control each of its several thousand subordinates. As a result - emotional exhaustion, apathy, burnout.

From this we can conclude that one of the main skills of any head management of emotions should become. Don't suppress - otherwise there will be burnout. Management is the ability to dampen some emotions and evoke others when necessary.

Personnel Management

One of the main sources of stress for a manager is the staff. Every employee wants to be heard, wants to have his own career growth, to engage interesting projects. About 50 years ago there were very specific norms and rules of behavior that implied a lack of initiative, disputes with superiors etc.

Today, every employee has his own point of view on any issue. More controversy arises conflict situations. In each case, it is increasingly difficult to achieve consensus. You have to waste time and nerves on communications, agreements, etc.

Complicating communications

Communication problems equally affect not only the work of managers, but also of subordinates. If employees cannot agree with a neighboring department on some survey, they can shift the solution to this problem to managers. Or not solve or agree - in this case, the problem can hang around for years, without any progress.

Even if employees are motivated, ready to negotiate and solve problems, without putting them on the back burner and without putting them on the management’s head, they often lack the knowledge, skills and abilities to reach an agreement. Most people either try to push through their point of view, regardless of the opinions of others, or they give in, agree and cave in themselves. With a sufficiently high level of emotional intelligence, it is possible to structure communication in such a way that both parties are satisfied with the agreement reached. This is possible if a person knows how to take into account all emotional laws and factors. In this case, when solving complex problems, both parties will remain relatively calm, will be able to use their potential to a greater extent, and will ultimately come to the best solution question.

Emotional intelligence tests are designed to help people understand themselves, recognize their strengths and weak sides, understand what needs to be done to learn to control emotions.

Conclusion

The main problem of managers and people with the highest level of IQ who have not achieved success is low emotional intelligence. They lack leadership and communication skills, and lack the ability to control their feelings and impulses. To find out exactly what you need to work on, you should take one of the online emotional intelligence tests. And work hard on yourself.

We often ask ourselves the question: why are those who graduated from school with a gold medal, from college with honors, and then successfully defended their candidate and doctoral dissertations, ultimately being much less successful in business and in life in general than their C-grade classmates? ? Why a high level of intellectual development is not at all a guarantee that a person will find a good place work, will earn a lot and generally achieve self-realization in life? Many Western psychologists have asked these questions. A number of studies have found answers.

In 1995, Daniel Goleman's book "Emotional Culture: Why It Can Have higher value than IQ", which literally created a sensation. Daniel Golman summarized all previous research experience in this area and in an accessible form was able to convey to readers the phenomenon of EQ - emotional intelligence, the level of which is responsible for the success in the life of each individual person. It turned out that high scores on the IQ test, which are the basis for acceptance into prestigious and highly paid jobs, are not at all a guarantee that the employee will work effectively and win success for himself and his company. It is much more important to get high scores on the EQ test. impetus for revising personnel selection criteria.

Is EQ theory new?

For Russia, the term “emotional culture” is still considered new. This is evidenced by the fact that in the Ozon.ru bookstore we were able to find only five books on the relevant topic, as opposed to 337 books offered by the Amazon.com website. Although the EQ theory itself is far from new. Active research in the field of emotional intelligence began in 1940 - David Wechler, one of the fathers of IQ testing, insisted that great importance have "emotional factors" and "non-intellectual aspects of general abilities" must necessarily be included in any "complete" study of human personality. Unfortunately, the measurement of emotional abilities was not included in the IQ test. However, research in this area continued: in 1948 R.V. Leeper put forward the idea of ​​“emotional thinking” and even developed a corresponding questionnaire; in 1955, Albert Ellis was working on a method for the logical study of emotions, which was called Rational Emotive Therapy. And already in 1980, Reuven Bar-On thought about the phenomenon of emotional culture, and found answers to many questions regarding emotions and their role in success. But his research was unconfirmed until a tool was ready to substantiate it. Then Bar-On develops a test known as Bar-On's EQ-i (Emotional Quotient inventory), the Bar-On EQ model was introduced in 1996 and immediately aroused great interest. In fact, by this time the EQ theory had taken final shape.

Dilemma: IQ or EQ

Opponents of the EQ method typically make the case that IQ is more important than EQ scores. Although in reality there is no dilemma here. Moreover, EQ and IQ tests do not exclude, but only effectively complement each other.

An IQ test allows you to find out the level of a person’s intellectual development, his logical and analytical abilities, which, of course, is a very important factor when hiring. According to the latest theories, it is known that the level of IQ is genetically laid down in us and is finally formed around the age of 17, after which it is almost impossible to change it, and with old age IQ slowly but inexorably decreases.

When an employer hires an employee based only on his high IQ score, it may later turn out that the newcomer is completely unable to get along in a team, infects everyone with his pessimism, or cannot solve basic work problems. What does this mean? Only that with a high level of IQ, an employee is deprived of the makings of emotional intelligence.

Emotional intelligence is a system of skills that is inherent in practical people, these are the personal and social aspects of general abilities, common sense and sensitivity, this is the ability to sense the political and social situation, cope with stress, make the right decisions, guided by rational considerations and intuition, and build relationships competently with others, find beneficial compromises for yourself and manage your impulsive impulses. When these aspects of personality are not developed, no high IQ will save you, it will be very difficult to communicate with such a person. Emotional intelligence, unlike IQ, can be developed both independently and with the help of special training. In addition, EQ itself increases with age. But, if a person is not endowed with a sufficient level of IQ, he will not only not be able to see the problems of the insufficiency of his EQ, but also will not be able to effectively improve it.

EQ testing in Russia

The only problem with the use of EQ that currently exists in Russia is the lack of adapted professional tests to determine these abilities. The fact is that the peculiarity of the EQ test is that it cannot be interpreted by a non-professional. For example, Baron's EQ-i test includes 133 questions. This test, before going into mass distribution, was tested on 4,000 respondents, and the testing was then repeated twice more on the same people. Testing was carried out in the USA, Canada, Israel, Germany, South Africa, Nigeria, Sweden, the Netherlands, India and Argentina. After collating the data, it was possible to speak with confidence about the reliability and validity of the test. To date, more than 42,000 people have taken the test in 36 countries. When summing up the test results, special profiles are used. That is, test scores inevitably differ among representatives of different segments of the population - depending on age, social status, profession (for success in different sectors of business, certain areas of emotional intelligence can play a dominant role). Recommendations are made to the person completing the test based on a profile that includes the highest scores on different areas EQ in people closest to him social status. For example, there are special profiles for doctors, nurses, managers in trading companies, managers in insurance companies, for directors large enterprises, for athletes and even for the unemployed. Such large-scale studies have not been carried out in Russia, i.e. there is no need to talk about the presence of special profiles, although one cannot help but rejoice in the fact that, as studies show, there are significant differences in the interpretation of EQ for different countries there is no peace. This test can be called international.

Professionalism in compiling scores on an EQ test is also important because a person may be inclined to evaluate himself, to put it mildly, not very objectively. Therefore, the test is interpreted not only by scores in each individual area, but also as a whole. In addition, the test includes special traps that to an ordinary person invisible, but at the same time a professional can use them to determine where the respondent was not entirely frank.

Undoubtedly, professional EQ tests and profiles for them should soon appear in Russia, since this is already a requirement of the time, but what to do while they are not available? Trusting tests that have not undergone extensive testing for reliability and validity is, to say the least, reckless. Not using the EQ technique is also irrational. The way out of this situation is one feature of emotional intelligence. All areas of emotional intelligence are known, and EQ levels can be improved not only based on test scores, but simply by using common sense. Anyone can, in principle, do this on their own, but it would be more effective for companies to provide IQ training for employees.

What is EQ?

Emotional culture, according to Bar-On, includes 5 areas, or spheres, and 15 divisions, or scales, within these areas:

intrapersonal sphere:

• introspection;
• assertiveness;
• independence;
• self-esteem;
• self-realization;

interpersonal sphere:

• empathy;
• Social responsibility;

scope of adaptability (adaptability):

• understanding (adequate assessment) of reality;
• flexibility;
• problem solving skills;

area of ​​ability to cope with stress:

• stress tolerance;
• impulse control;

general mood area:

• optimism;
• happiness.

When a person has poorly developed one or more areas of emotional culture, this inevitably leads to problems. They may concern relationships with colleagues or family, or inner feeling own uselessness, or the emergence of various kinds of fears. Let's take a closer look at all areas of emotional intelligence.

Intrapersonal sphere

The intrapersonal sphere is what is commonly referred to as the area of ​​a person’s inner self. This is how in tune a person is with his own feelings, what opinion he has about himself and his activities. Success in this area means that a person feels strong and independent in life and work, that he knows how to express his feelings and thoughts, and is ready to stand up for his beliefs.

Introspection

Self-analysis assumes that a person distinguishes between his own feelings and emotions and understands what caused them.

Example. Ivan Aleksandrovich, director of a printing company, discovered in the morning that, despite her promise, his wife did not iron his shirt. The rest of the shirts have long been in the dirty laundry basket. And by the time he got up, his wife had already left for work. As a result, Ivan Aleksandrovich was forced to iron his shirt himself, which is why he left the house later than usual and got stuck in a traffic jam. He was also late for work, and when he entered the office, he found out that an important client had stopped by and left without waiting for him. Irritated, Ivan Aleksandrovich goes to his office, where his secretary comes in after him. She puts fresh newspapers on his table and begins to tell him who called him and for what reason. But Ivan Aleksandrovich interrupts her with a cry: “You always come in when you’re not called, you haven’t even knocked on the door yet! And anyway, I just came in, at least let me catch my breath and don’t pester me with your calls! It’s time to fire you for such behavior!” . After these words, the secretary leaves, her whole working mood is ruined. She doesn’t understand why the boss was angry with her, because she did everything as he himself demands. After a while, Ivan Aleksandrovich cools down and, seeing the tear-stained eyes of the secretary, realizes that he behaved incorrectly and simply took out his bad mood on her.

This example clearly shows how a person does not know how to recognize and control his emotions. After all, Ivan Aleksandrovich is angry not at all with the secretary’s behavior, but because he had to iron his shirt, stand in traffic, and because he missed the client. Upon arriving at the office, his irritation reached its limit, but if he had been able to recognize his feelings, he could have told the secretary: “Come to me with the newspapers and a call report in an hour. Don’t connect me with anyone yet.” During this time, he could calm down and then assess the situation sensibly.

Most of a person’s emotional abilities rely on emotional introspection. When a person understands where his feelings and emotions come from, he can account for them and control them. Without self-analysis, further improvement of emotional intelligence is impossible.

In addition to the fact that a person must be able to analyze his own behavior, he must learn to analyze the reactions of others to himself and his actions. Once he understands what exactly in his behavior causes negative or positive attitudes from other people, he will be able to improve himself more effectively.

The purpose of emotional self-analysis is to identify your own “pain points” and control them. All people tend to periodically get angry, disappointed, irritated, but not everyone is able to control their emotions, understand what caused them, and not take it out on others. But the ability to recognize your emotions and let them go in a safe direction can come with experience - it’s enough to constantly analyze your behavior, your feelings and the reactions of others to yourself.

Assertiveness (self-affirmation)

Assertiveness is the ability to express one’s feelings (anger and joy, friendly and sexual feelings), to be able to express one’s beliefs and thoughts (to defend one’s opinion, one’s position, despite the opposition of the opposite side, and even if it is emotionally difficult), to be able defend your personal rights (do not allow yourself to be exploited, harassed and used). Assertiveness presupposes that a person expresses his feelings without aggression, does not show his superiority over his interlocutor, but at the same time firmly adheres to his own line.

Example. Anna is a typical introvert; she works as a paralegal in a law office. She graduated law school with honors and hoped that after working a little as an assistant, she would definitely receive a promotion and be allowed to do real work. In the meantime, her job consisted of preparing simple documents that were clearly below her level of competence. At meetings on various court cases, she always had her own opinion about the issues discussed, but she was embarrassed to express it. As a result, after six months of work, she was not promoted, and the place she had so hoped for was given to the lively Roman, who did not shut his mouth at meetings. Anna realized that something had to be done. She read a lot of books about extroverts and introverts and developed a pattern of behavior for herself. At the next meeting, she asked to speak and expressed her thoughts about the matter under discussion. Everyone was very surprised, because no one imagined that quiet Anna had her own own view. Roman tried to argue with Anna, but she provided evidence of the correctness of her position. Anna continued in the same spirit and after some time finally received a promotion.

Assertiveness should never be confused with aggressiveness. Aggressiveness is an attack, and assertiveness is defending one’s own position, taking into account the feelings and opinions of other people. You can also achieve a lot by being aggressive, but aggressive people are avoided and disliked, while people with assertiveness are respected and their opinions are taken into account. Assertiveness may involve some kind of compromise between the opinions of two people, and in any case, assertiveness is based on the arguments of reason and evidence of one’s rightness without prejudice to the opinions of the opposite side.

Independence

Independence is the ability to manage oneself, independently control one’s feelings, opinions and actions, and not rely on anyone when making decisions (which does not exclude the ability to consult and accept someone else’s point of view). Independent people act independently, without shifting responsibility to others. In their decisions they rely on self-confidence and their own inner strength.

Example. Alina worked as a sales manager. Every time a client didn’t know exactly what product he needed and asked Alina for advice, she asked him to wait a little while she began asking her colleagues what would be best to advise him. Alina herself knew the assortment very well, but she believed that other people would definitely recommend something better. After hearing the opinion of one colleague, she asked another, and then a third. As a result, the remaining managers believed that Alina did not trust their opinions as much as her own. When the client finally waited for Alina’s answer, she still couldn’t really advise him on anything, because she was afraid to take responsibility for even such a small decision. It is not surprising that Alina was soon fired.

The ability to make decisions independently is the skill of independent people. A person who is afraid to take responsibility for a decision will never achieve success in life or make a career.

Self-esteem

Self-esteem is the ability to respect yourself and accept yourself for who you are, i.e. know about all your positive and negative traits, be able to build opportunities for yourself based on your advantages and know about the troubles that the disadvantages are fraught with. At the same time, do not condemn yourself for your shortcomings, but put up with them or work to eradicate them. Self-confidence, independence and competent self-esteem directly depend on self-esteem.
Self-respect should not be confused with narcissism and self-satisfaction. Self-respect involves seeing all your shortcomings and at the same time not allowing you to look down on other people. A person with self-esteem recognizes that other people also have this quality and respects them for it.
It happens that a person values ​​his inherent positive traits, which, based on them, sets completely unattainable goals. This is a big mistake.

Example. Lyudmila got a job as a secretary at large company. After a month of work, she told her husband: “You know, in my opinion, I already understand their entire kitchen much better than many employees. Soon they are announcing an open competition among employees to fill the vacant position of head of one of the departments. I’m thinking of applying for this position and I am sure that the majority will approve of my candidacy."
Lyudmila's decision is very rash. You can't jump above your head. She may be worthy of a promotion, but clearly not to the level of department head. Lyudmila needs to assess her chances more realistically. After all, the fact that her candidacy is not approved could cause serious harm to her psychological trauma. The best option It would be nice to find out all the opportunities for building a career in this organization and draw up a plan for gradual advancement up the career ladder. Then, over time, Lyudmila would be able to apply for the position of top manager.

Setting sky-high plans for yourself is fraught with psychological breakdowns and, as a result, self-flagellation. Whereas a real look at the existing situation, careful planning and forecasting of one’s actions, based on knowledge of one’s strengths and weaknesses, allow one to achieve success.

Self-realization

Self-realization is the ability to realize your hidden capabilities and potential. Self-realization allows a person to lead a meaningful, rich pleasant events and a full life. A person who strives to reach his potential is busy interesting activities, can gradually reveal himself throughout his life, getting pleasure from it. Self-realization makes it possible to set long-term goals and realize them using your own potential. Developing your own talents generates additional energy for self-improvement and success. People who follow the path of self-realization are happy with what they do and always strive to achieve more and reveal their talents even more fully.

The desire for self-realization is the ability to set goals and achieve them. All people make promises to themselves at some point, but few are able to keep them. This is due to the fact that in addition to setting the goal itself, it is necessary to outline ways to achieve it, aimed at real and easily achievable actions.

Example. Since childhood, Fedor dreamed of becoming an illustrator. He graduated from art school, and then from art college, his works were exhibited many times at various competitions and won prizes, and teachers noted his undoubted talent. After graduating from college, Fedor decided that now the place of an illustrator would definitely be his. But it turned out that in the only book publishing house in his city this vacancy was already filled, and no one was going to hire newcomers. Fedor was upset. At the same time, he was offered another job - to become an art teacher at school, but he decided to refuse this position, since it was not at all what he had dreamed of all his life. He sat down and began to think about where else illustrators might be needed. After some time, he had a plan of action ready. He sent his works to the largest publishing houses in different cities of Russia, and also sent them to the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines in his city. As a result, Fedor received several offers for remote work from publishing houses in other cities, and also got a job permanent job in one of the city magazines. Thus, Fedor got the job he dreamed of, and began to waste his talent on work that he did not like.

The example shows not only that you need to set goals and achieve them, but also that you need to choose exactly the job that you like. Often people go to this or that job only because it pays more money. As a result, they can perform their duties quite well, but they will never have that spark that is inherent in people who truly love their job and realize self-realization in it. By doing work that you enjoy, a person can achieve great success; it is only important to understand what exactly arouses the greatest interest. Perhaps what a person is used to considering as his hobby can actually become his job (be it flower growing, cooking or sewing).

Self-realization and doing what you love allow a person to live life to the fullest and be happy with it. Therefore, it is very important that people working in any company really love their work.

Interpersonal sphere

Region interpersonal relationships is the area responsible for the art of communication. People who have high emotional development in this area earn the trust of others, have a sense of responsibility, interact effectively with others and work as part of a team.

Empathy

Empathy is the ability to understand the feelings of other people, “to stand in their place and look at the world through their eyes,” to understand why people act this way and not otherwise. People with developed empathy “read emotionally” and are attentive to others, they are interested in other people’s views on the world and feelings.
Learning empathy means learning to understand hidden subtexts in other people's statements, grasping the emotions of others and building a dialogue based on this knowledge.

Example. Sales manager Pavel had an appointment at 5 o'clock with client Anastasia. On the way, Pavel's car broke down, he was forced to leave it on the street and get to the meeting place by public transport, which is why he was 20 minutes late for the meeting. As luck would have it, he couldn’t even warn Anastasia that he was delayed - all the phones in Anastasia’s office were busy. Pavel knew that Anastasia would be very angry - she hated unpunctual people. When Pavel finally came to Anastasia, she greeted him with an angry tirade: “How long can I wait for you? We made an appointment for 5 o’clock!” To this Pavel replied: “Anastasia, I understand that you are very angry, and, of course, you have a lot of things to do besides waiting for me for 20 minutes. But my car broke down, and I can’t get through to your office and warn you.” I couldn’t. I won’t waste your time further with empty explanations, forgive me for being late and let’s get down to business without wasting any more time.”

Paul's justification is empathic. He understands why Anastasia is angry and shows her that he fully shares her point of view. At the same time, he explains his behavior and moves on to a business conversation. Pavel behaved correctly, because if he had simply started making excuses to Anastasia and babbling explanations, she would hardly have wanted to listen to him at all. It would be even worse if Pavel tried to show that he was the offended party, and not Anastasia, because it was his car that broke down, and her phone was busy. But the path of mutual accusations would not lead to anything good at all.

People who know how to make empathic statements endear themselves to others, because they primarily take into account their point of view, and do not insist on being right. It is just important not to confuse empathy with sympathy, courtesy and blind recognition of the interlocutor’s point of view. Sympathy puts a person, as it were, above the interlocutor, which is not at all the case in empathy. Courtesy is the ability to say nice things to a person, while empathy involves appealing to a person's feelings. And finally, people with empathy do not necessarily accept the point of view of the interlocutor - they simply recognize the possibility of the existence of more than just their own opinion and are ready to respect the feelings and thoughts of other people. In this sense, empathy must be supported by assertiveness.

In addition, empathy helps control anger and short temper. Before you get completely angry and start attacking your interlocutor, you need to take a minute to try to imagine his feelings and his point of view. If you can’t put yourself in this person’s shoes, you need to find out his opinion, listen and understand, and only then make some decisions.

Social responsibility

Social responsibility is the ability to be interested in cooperation, to want to contribute to the common cause, to be a truly proactive member of society. People with high social responsibility act responsibly even when they do not receive personal benefit from these actions, act together with other members of society and for their benefit, accept and follow public rules of conduct, and live in accordance with their conscience. These people understand the extent of responsibility for other people, so they can take care of the group. They are responsive and use their talents and potential not only for their own benefit, but also for the benefit of other people.

Social responsibility is important not only for the individual, but also for companies. Today, the reputation of any socially responsible company is much higher than that of a company that neglects these obligations.

Sphere of adaptability

The sphere of adaptability is responsible for the ability to assess a wide range of emerging problems and find ways to solve them. People endowed high level adaptability, find ways out of difficult situations at work and in family life.

Understanding (adequate assessment) of reality

Understanding reality is the ability to see the difference between your view of the world, your imagination and the actual situation. People who know how to adequately assess reality see things as they really are, without replacing them with their expectations or fears. These people rely on objective data and facts, know how to interpret them, they are pragmatic and endowed with a realistic view of the world. An adequate view of reality presupposes a certain concentration on surrounding things, the ability not to be distracted from the outside world and the ability to analyze its signals.

Example. Arriving at work in the morning, Dina said hello to her immediate boss Tamara. But the usually cheerful Tamara did not smile at Dina and, without looking up from the computer, greeted her very dryly. Dina went to workplace and began to think what could be the reason for Tamara’s reaction. She decided that the report she gave to Tamara yesterday was bad. By lunchtime, Dina was no longer herself, she constantly waited for Tamara to call her for an explanation, and was nervous, in her thoughts she had already even thought about what to answer if Tamara decided to fire her. IN lunch break Olga, Dina's friend, noticed her nervous behavior and asked what happened. Dina told her about the morning incident and her fears, to which Olga just laughed: “Dina, haven’t you noticed that Tamara has been like this all day today? She didn’t really communicate with anyone and never smiled. If she were unhappy with our work, she would have said so a long time ago, you know her - she always does this! You didn’t think that she might have some personal problems or that she was simply unwell, and you had nothing to do with it!”

In this example, Dina made conclusions without relying at all on the real picture of reality: she did not pay attention to the fact that Tamara communicates dryly with everyone, forgot that Tamara usually talks about shortcomings in her work right away, and did not even suggest that Tamara had the same there may be some personal problems. Dina made all her conclusions based on her fears and suspicions. But Olga assessed the whole situation correctly and did not make any hasty conclusions.
An adequate assessment of reality presupposes that a person knows how to “read the situation”; he does not think about the worst in advance, but at the same time he does not look at the world through pink glasses. He only carefully monitors what is happening around him.

Flexibility

Flexibility is the ability to rearrange your thoughts, actions and feelings in accordance with the developing situation. People with flexibility are able to adapt to reality and its changing conditions, they react quickly, they are inclined to work together and do not show stupid stubbornness. If these people realize that they have made a mistake, they will admit it and change their behavior accordingly. Changing their thoughts and actions is not a sign of inconstancy; they change their minds based on facts, events, and new information. Such people recognize the points of view of others and are open to innovation and fresh ideas.

Example. Alexey Vladimirovich is the director of a confectionery factory. Some time ago, he began to receive offers to purchase fundamentally new equipment. He reviewed these proposals and decided that such an investment was completely pointless. But he soon learned that the position of his factory began to weaken in relation to the positions of competitors. He commissioned a market study to find out where the problem lay. It turned out that the problem was new equipment - competitors had purchased it. Alexey Vladimirovich re-examined all offers for the purchase of equipment and realized that he had underestimated the opportunities offered. He contacted suppliers and found out everything they had to offer. Aleksey Vladimirovich, albeit belatedly, purchased the equipment, and even at a more favorable price than competitors, plus he asked to immediately notify him about new products in this area. A little later, the factory was able to regain its position in the market due to the equipment that was purchased, and additional technical support that Alexey Vladimirovich acquired, surpassing all competitors in this.

This example shows that flexible people, even if they make a mistake, are able to quickly rebuild and change their minds without dwelling on failure.

Flexible people know how to adapt to changes, they look forward and evaluate all the opportunities that present themselves. People who are inflexible stubbornly adhere to their point of view, which results in them losing a lot.

Problem solving skills

Problem solving ability is the ability to see an emerging or existing complexity, clearly formulate it, develop and implement a plan to effectively solve it. Solving a problem consists of several stages: the ability to understand that a problem exists and feel sufficiently competent and motivated to solve it, identify and formulate the essence of the problem, based on available information, find maximum amount solutions for a given problem, choose one of the solutions and start implementing it, evaluate the result and start again if the problem is still not solved. People who know how to solve problems are not afraid to face troubles, they are collected and methodical in their actions.

Example. Nina Petrovna recently came to the vacant position of head of the sales department and immediately encountered a problem. For some time, regular customers began to refuse the company’s services, which resulted in serious financial losses. As it turned out, the previous boss could not cope with this problem and quit because of this. Nina Petrovna was not going to lose the job she had just gotten a job at. She tried to understand the situation. I talked with the managers who “managed” the departed clients, called a department meeting to find out their opinion on this matter and clarify the current situation, and also personally called the management of companies that refused to cooperate with their company and found out the reasons that prompted them to do this, and the potential for contract renewals. After this, Nina Petrovna sat down and, guided by own opinion, the point of view of its employees and the claims of clients, outlined everything possible ways problem solution. She later dismissed some of them as unsuccessful, but assessed the rest according to their achievability, reality and degree of risk. As a result, one solution was chosen, which she began to implement. She reported this to her employees, instructing them on the new course of action. Nina Petrovna constantly looked at sales reports and after a while she was happy to discover that not only had the outflow of clients stopped, but also that some of the companies that had left had renewed their contracts.

The example of Nina Petrovna shows that a person should not shy away in the face of problems. It is necessary to competently assess the situation and find ways out of it.
Problems are a part of our lives, and the ability to calmly solve them is a necessary requirement for any person. People who constantly hide from problems feel trapped, stressed and lose self-confidence.

Area of ​​ability to cope with stress

The area of ​​ability to cope with stress is responsible for the ability to withstand stress without involving the nervous factor, without falling into apathy and without giving up. People who know how to cope with stress do not give up in the face of a problem, try to be calm and do not allow impulsiveness in their actions. Such people are able to effectively cope with all, even extremely complex, tasks at work and at home; they maintain their physical and mental health much better.

Stress tolerance

Stress tolerance is the ability to withstand adverse events and problems without retreating and actively coping with stress. People with this quality are able to select a course of action to deal with a stressful situation, can be optimistic about any changes and innovations, know that they are able to solve problems, are internally confident that they, even if they are not able to manage a stressful situation, can somehow influence her without losing composure and a positive outlook on life. Such people endure various crises more easily; they do not allow negative emotions to unsettle them or drive them into depressive state. In any situation, they first of all look for a reasonable way out.
While reasonable people are usually able to find a way out of the current situation, coping with the emotional manifestations of stress can be more difficult. In this case, mastering various relaxation techniques: yoga, acupuncture, etc. is very helpful. To different people Various methods are suitable, but from all their variety it is quite possible to choose the appropriate option.

Impulse control

Impulse control is the ability to restrain yourself from immediately impulsively reacting to events, to think before taking action. People who know how to control impulses know how to restrain their aggressive behavior, are not prone to hasty conclusions and rash actions. The inability to restrain impulses is fraught with explosive reactions, later accompanied by feelings of guilt.

Example. Inga and Katerina work as sellers in the same store, they are satisfied with both the working conditions and the salary. One day the director called them in and reprimanded them for an obvious drop in sales - he believed that this was due to their lack of efficiency and helpfulness. When Inga left the director's office, she immediately grabbed a pen and paper and began to write something. Katerina asked what she was doing, to which Inga shouted: “I’m writing a letter of resignation! I wish he could stand on his feet all day and smile sweetly at everyone! It’s me who is sluggish! But he generally sits in his office and nothing doesn't!" This time, Katerina dissuaded Inga from making a hasty decision, especially since Inga herself, having cooled down from emotions, after a while realized that she was wrong. But next time Katerina may not be around to keep Inga from making rash decisions generated by excessive impulsiveness, and then Inga will lose her job. It would be better for Inga to learn to restrain her impulses, then she will not have to regret her behavior later.

People who know how to restrain impulses are pleasant to talk to, they know how to assess prospects after committing any actions and control their behavior.

Sphere of general mood

The sphere of general mood is responsible for a person’s ability to perceive the future positively, to experience satisfaction with life, and for his ability to bring joy to himself and others.

Optimism

Optimism is the ability to see in any event positive points and don’t give in to troubles. Optimistic people are not prone to depression, they have a strong position in life, and they never lose hope.
Psychologists have found that the following distinguishes optimistic people from pessimistic people: they consider failures in life to be temporary, they look at failures as individual situations, and not as an evil fate pursuing them, they do not take all the blame for events, but consider external reasons. Once in difficult situation, optimists do not give up, but look for a way out of it, relying on their capabilities and experience and hoping for a positive outcome.

Happiness

Happiness is the ability to be happy and satisfied with yourself and your life, the desire to bring joy to yourself and others, to have fun. Happy people feel free and relaxed at work, know how to have fun after work, they are in high spirits and feel inspired.

Unhappy people are prone to depression, they are always dissatisfied with something, nothing brings pure joy to them.

It has been proven that happiness does not depend on wealth (unless, of course, we are talking about extreme poverty, when there is simply nothing to eat and nowhere to live) and, by and large, has nothing to do with external factors; happiness is internal state person. Extroverts are happier than introverts, since isolation from society does not bring happiness to anyone.

Truly happy people find joy in simple things- on a sunny day, in a pleasant conversation, in a new book; they know how to work with the same enthusiasm as they spend their free time.

So, we have looked at the main components of EQ. As you can see, all the described skills and abilities can be developed. Special trainings designed to improve EQ in general, as well as separate programs designed to teach effective solution problems, combating stress, developing various personal characteristics. In addition to trainings, there is a huge amount of psychological literature that can help in mastering some self-development techniques. The important thing is that thanks to the EQ technique, people can at least see in which direction they should act and what abilities they should develop in themselves. It is quite obvious that for different areas of life and different professions, certain specific areas and EQ scales are of paramount importance, but this does not mean that the remaining ones can be forgotten. After all, it's emotional developed person combines all the qualities and skills described above. And according to some researchers, success in life depends 20% on a high IQ and 80% on a developed EQ.

It will help identify a person’s ability to control and understand their emotions. It will also indicate the ability to communicate and understand the feelings of other people. These skills are determined by the level of emotional intelligence.

This indicator may change throughout life. If a person strives for self-development, internal harmony, and learns to interact with others, then EQ will undoubtedly increase. It can remain unchanged if the individual has no desire for self-improvement.

The higher a person’s level of emotional intelligence, the easier it is for him to build relationships with people. Such a person easily achieves his goals, he lives in harmony with himself and others.

Holders low level EQs, as a rule, may experience a feeling of discomfort in a team because they do not understand the emotions and moods of other people, which can even lead to conflict situations. Often, they cannot control their mood and behavior because they do not realize the underlying reasons for their manifestations. It is difficult for such people to establish contacts, and accordingly, it is more difficult to achieve their goals and grow not only spiritually, but also professionally.

Born in the USA, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard and received a doctorate in psychology. Hall dealt with problems general psychology, exploring proprioception (this is the sense of the position of parts of your body relative to each other in space). He became the founder of pedology. He was also the founder of the first magazines devoted to problems developmental psychology. Since 1891, under his editorship, the journal “Pedagogical Seminar and Journal of Genetic Psychology” began to be published, and since 1910 - the “Journal of Pedagogical Psychology”.