During the construction process, it is very often necessary to move all kinds of cargo, building materials, parts, etc. The most labor-intensive of these movements is vertical. For example, lifting bricks, buckets of mortar, blocks scaffolding or on the ceilings of the second floor. Such movements require large physical and time expenditures.

Of course, the simplest solution is to invite someone to the construction site crane. But this is expensive and does not always solve the problem. So, you can’t lift a lot of bricks onto scaffolding, they simply won’t hold up. And if you lift it little by little - taking into account the cost of the crane and the speed of laying this brick - the brick wall will simply become golden.

With this article I want to remind you only of simple and well-known techniques for a quick and generally not too labor-intensive way to move building materials at a construction site.

The simplest of them is a block. Everyone knows what he looks like and I’m not even giving a photo of him, just diagrams. The meaning of the block is to change the direction of application of force. For example, for block 1 in the diagram (the simplest case, called a fixed block), in order to lift the load up, you need to pull the cable down. And this will make it possible to use the worker’s own weight to lift the load. For example, you can make several loops on a cable, then a worker, walking along them like a rope ladder, can easily lift up a load of 50-70 kilograms with almost no effort!

Block 2 (in the diagram, a movable block) has one end of the cable fixed motionless and already allows the force to be doubled, and a worker using such a block will already be able to lift a load of 100 kilograms. The disadvantage is that the cable also needs to be pulled up. But if you combine block 2 with block 1, the lifted load can reach double the weight of the worker, which can now be used again!

Such a combination of several blocks of type 1 and 2 is called a chain hoist. The chain hoist gives a gain in strength equal to the number of blocks. Those. to lift a load weighing 1000 kg, having a chain hoist with 6 movable and 6 fixed blocks, an effort of only 85 kg will be required!

A pulley block is a rather complex device, so a block with two pulleys is often used different diameters or a block on a thick axle that serves as a second block.

So block type 3 (in the diagram) gives a gain in strength equal to the ratio of the radii of the large and small blocks. The well-known gate in a well is constructed in approximately the same way. You remember that the log or pipe on which the chain or rope is wound is much smaller than the wheel (or the radius of the handle) with which the gate rotates. This allows even children to lift a full bucket of water from the well with ease.

Blocks and pulleys of all types are readily available. However, they have one significant drawback - they move loads only vertically. Therefore, the so-called crane - rocker arm should be recognized as a more valuable lifting and transport mechanism.

The crane represents nothing other than the famous lever of Archimedes. Although he was known much earlier than Archimedes, back in the very ancient Egypt. With the help of cranes, Egyptian workers pumped Nile water into canals and ditches.

The beauty of the crane is its simplicity, extreme cheapness and very high efficiency. I had to use it myself. It so happened that much more rubble was poured into the basement than required and it was necessary to lift the excess. How? Carrying buckets up the stairs? The work is extremely unproductive, hard and thankless. I had to urgently make a crane from discarded boards and poles. The easiest way turned out to be to hang the boom (yoke) of the crane on a strong cable (for transporting the car). Now lifting a bucket of crushed stone (more than 20 kg!) took 2-3 seconds! (it took longer to load).

The crane also uses the weight of the worker himself. In addition, counterweights can be used, which also makes lifting heavy objects easier.

But the most valuable quality is that it also moves the load horizontally! Within the range of your arrow, of course. Therefore, sometimes it makes sense to use a crane not only for lifting, but also to move cargo from place to place.

The crane is also useful if you need to lift the load to a sufficiently high height. In this case, the crane's arrow is hung quite high, and so that the worker below can operate it, a strong rope or small pole is tied to the butt. A crane is installed at the end of the arrow fixed block with a long rope. This will allow 1 person to lift loads completely freely, for example, to the second floor. And this is instead of carrying them along stairs or walkways.

Such simple lifting and transport mechanisms can significantly speed up and facilitate rigging and construction works without any additional costs for their organization. Apply them on your construction and you will feel the difference!

Many people are interested in how to make a crane structure with their own hands. Such a device can help in building a house, utility rooms, necessary on the farm, granaries and feed warehouses.

Drafting

To build a house you need a crane. Let's look at how to independently make a miniature crane for lifting construction materials to height. It is necessary to manufacture a mobile dismountable device.

First, a design for the manufacture of the apparatus is drawn up and calculated:

1. The main part of the structure is the supporting frame. It is installed on wheels or permanently.
2. The rotation unit of the unit is fixed to the running frame.
3. The boom can be rotated thanks to the creation of electric or manual control.
4. The unit can be disassembled into parts for ease of transportation.
5. The crane will be stable thanks to the creation of a block of counterweights and steel cable stays.
6. The load will be lifted using a block and a winch.
7. You need to assemble a crane with your own hands.

Blueprints

To make a crane, first of all, draw up a project diagram and drawings of the main components. Consider the manufacture of a manually operated crane structure. It would be possible to make a device powered by electricity, making it possible to move a load using a device on a long cable, as happens in factory designs. But then the complexity of manufacturing units increases, this will entail an increase in cost finished product and increasing the time for its creation. Therefore, we will focus on making a manual model.

Welding

All connections of components and parts are made by welding. For this you need welding machine. You can rent it while working on the crane or buy it at a specialized salon.

Assembly of the structure

Prepare:

• rope;
• washers;
• corners and channels;
• pipe;
• grinder;
• welding machine.

The frame should be made of steel angle 63x63x5 mm. A 5 m long boom is made from a pipe having a diameter of 55 mm. To strengthen the unit, use corners measuring 30x30x3 mm.

See » TOP-2 crawler cranes MKGS with a lifting capacity of 100 and 32 tons

The lifting capacity of such a homemade crane will be about 150 kg. If it is necessary to lift panels with a larger mass, then it is necessary to increase the multiplicity of pulleys, which are a device for lifting loads. The chain hoist is made from blocks, connected to each other with a cable. This cable should wrap the blocks in a circle. The pulley allows you to lift the panels using less force than the weight of the load.

The pulley system is 3-4 times stronger. In this case, friction losses are taken into account, which amount to 10%. The greater the gain in strength, the shorter the distance the tool can move the panels.

You can prepare and make all the details in 7-10 days.

Another 2 days are needed to assemble the mechanism. The lifting scheme is made in the form of a 2-fold pulley. The boom rotation unit is a 6-fold chain hoist. The turntable is made by attaching 2 washers. The axle replaces the 30mm bolt.

To reduce the size of the counterweights, the support legs are made 2 m long. With a turning radius of the washer of 200 mm and a distance of 2 m to the counterweight of 100 kg, a load of 1 ton will be applied to the bolt. This is taken into account when calculating the design of the tool. Perform stability calculations.

The structure is taken as a single system on one support. It is the smallest distance from the axis of rotation. The system is affected by: the weight of the load, the counterweight and the crane. The lifting drum is made from a pipe with a cross-section of 100 mm. It should not be installed close to blocks. It is fixed closer to the washers.

Blocks are made of 3 washers. They must be wrapped around the cord, the diameter of the blocks must be large so that the ropes do not fly out of the washers. The blocks are fixed without bearings.

You need a flexible cable with a cross section of 5 mm. Its working load is 150 kg, and its breaking load is 850 kg. The pulley operates on the principle of a lever. For a chain hoist, the main indicator is its multiplicity (the ratio of all cable branches to those extending from the drum).

Lifting machines are designed to help a person lift something heavy to a height. Most lifting mechanisms are based on simple system blocks - chain hoist. It was known to Archimedes, but now many people do not know about this brilliant invention. Remembering your physics course, find out how such a mechanism works, its structure and scope. Having understood the classification, you can begin to calculate. For everything to work out, here are instructions for constructing a simple model.

Block system - theory

The invention of the chain hoist gave a huge impetus to the development of civilizations. The block system helped build huge structures, many of which have survived to this day and puzzle modern builders. Shipbuilding also improved, and people were able to travel great distances. It's time to figure out what it is - a chain hoist and find out where it can be used today.

Simplicity and efficiency of the mechanism

Structure of the lifting mechanism

A classic chain hoist is a mechanism that consists of two main elements: a pulley; flexible connection

The simplest scheme: 1 – movable block, 2 – fixed, 3 – rope

A pulley is a metal wheel that has a special groove for a cable along its outer edge. An ordinary cable or rope can be used as a flexible connection. If the load is heavy enough, ropes made of synthetic fibers or steel ropes and even chains are used. To ensure that the pulley rotates easily, without jumping or jamming, roller bearings are used. All elements that move are lubricated.

One pulley is called a block. A pulley block is a system of blocks for lifting loads. The blocks in the lifting mechanism can be stationary (rigidly fixed) and movable (when the axis changes position during operation). One part of the pulley is attached to a fixed support, the other to the load. Movable rollers are located on the load side.

Fixed block

The role of the stationary block is to change the direction of movement of the rope and the action of the applied force. The role of the mobile is to gain strength.

Movable block

How it works - what's the secret?

The operating principle of a pulley block is similar to a lever: the force that needs to be applied becomes several times smaller, while the work is performed in the same volume. The role of the lever is played by the cable. In the operation of a chain hoist, the gain in strength is important, so the resulting loss in distance is not taken into account.

Depending on the design of the pulley, the gain in strength may vary. The simplest mechanism from two pulleys it gives approximately a twofold gain, from three - threefold, and so on. The increase in distance is calculated using the same principle. To operate a simple pulley, you need a cable twice as long as the lifting height, and if you use a set of four blocks, then the length of the cable increases in direct proportion to four times.

Operating principle of the block system

In what areas is the block system used?

Pulley hoist – faithful assistant in the warehouse, in production, in the transport sector. It is used wherever force needs to be used to move all kinds of loads. The system is widely used in construction.

Despite the fact that most of the heavy work is performed by construction equipment (cranes), the chain hoist has found a place in the design of load-handling mechanisms. The block system (pulley block) is a component of such lifting mechanisms as a winch, hoist, and construction equipment (various types of cranes, bulldozer, excavator).

In addition to the construction industry, pulleys are widely used in organizing rescue operations. The principle of operation remains the same, but the design is slightly modified. Rescue equipment is made of durable rope and carabiners are used. For devices of this purpose, it is important that the entire system is quickly assembled and does not require additional mechanisms.

Pulley hoist as part of a crane hook

Classification of models according to different characteristics

There are many executions of one idea - a system of blocks connected by rope. They are differentiated depending on the method of application and design features. Get to know the different types of lifts, find out what their purpose is and how the device differs.

Classification depending on the complexity of the mechanism

Depending on the complexity of the mechanism, simple ones are distinguished; complex; complex chain hoists.

Example of even models

A simple chain hoist is a system of series-connected rollers. All movable and fixed blocks, as well as the load itself, are combined by one cable. Even and odd simple pulleys are differentiated.

Those loads are called even lifting mechanisms, whose end of the cable is attached to a fixed support - the station. All combinations in this case will be considered even. And if the end of the rope is attached directly to the load or the place where the force is applied, this structure and all its derivatives will be called odd.

Odd chain hoist diagram

A complex pulley system can be called a pulley system. In this case, not individual blocks are connected in series, but entire combinations that can be used on their own. Roughly speaking, in this case one mechanism sets in motion another similar one.

Combining a two-fold and six-fold simple chain hoist gives a complex six-fold version

The complex chain hoist does not belong to one or the other type. His distinguishing feature– rollers moving towards the load. The complex model can include both simple and complex chain hoists.

Classification according to the purpose of the lift

Depending on what they want to get when using a chain hoist, they are divided into:

Power;

Express.

A – power version, B – high-speed

The power option is used more often. As the name suggests, its task is to ensure a gain in strength. Since significant gains require equally significant losses in distance, losses in speed are also inevitable. For example, for a 4:1 system, when lifting a load one meter, you need to pull 4 meters of cable, which slows down the work.

The high-speed chain hoist, by its principle, is a reverse power design. It does not give a gain in strength, its goal is speed. Used to speed up work at the expense of the applied effort.

Multiplicity is the main characteristic.

The main indicator that people pay attention to when organizing cargo lifting is the multiplicity of the pulley. This parameter conventionally indicates how many times the mechanism allows you to win in strength. In fact, the multiplicity shows how many branches of the rope the weight of the load is distributed over.

Kinematic ratio

The multiplicity is divided into kinematic (equal to the number of kinks in the rope) and force, which is calculated taking into account the cable’s overcoming the friction force and the non-ideal efficiency of the rollers. The reference books contain tables that display the dependence of the power factor on the kinematic factor at different block efficiencies.

As can be seen from the table, the force multiplicity differs significantly from the kinematic one. With a low roller efficiency (94%), the actual gain in strength of a 7:1 pulley will be less than the gain of a six-fold pulley with a block efficiency of 96%.

Schemes of pulleys of different multiplicities

How to make calculations for a chain hoist

Despite the fact that theoretically the design of a pulley hoist is extremely simple, in practice it is not always clear how to lift a load using blocks. How to understand what multiplicity is needed, how to find out the efficiency of the lift and each block separately. In order to find answers to these questions, you need to perform calculations.

Calculation of a separate block

The calculation of the chain hoist must be performed due to the fact that the working conditions are far from ideal. The mechanism is subject to frictional forces as a result of the movement of the cable along the pulley, as a result of the rotation of the roller itself, no matter what bearings are used.

In addition, flexible and pliable rope is rarely used on a construction site or as part of construction equipment. Steel rope or chain has much greater rigidity. Since bending such a cable when running against a block requires additional force, it must also be taken into account.

For the calculation, the moment equation for the pulley relative to the axis is derived:

SrunR = SrunR + q SrunR + Nfr (1)

Formula 1 shows the moments of such forces:

– Srun – force from the side of the escape rope;

– Srun – force from the oncoming rope;

– q Srun – force for bending/unbending the rope, taking into account its rigidity q;

– Nf – friction force in the block, taking into account the friction coefficient f.

To determine the moment, all forces are multiplied by the arm - the radius of the block R or the radius of the sleeve r.

The force of the approaching and escaping cable arises as a result of the interaction and friction of the rope threads. Since the force for bending/extension of the cable is significantly less than the others, when calculating the effect on the block axis, this value is often neglected:

N = 2 Srun×sinα (2)

In this equation:

– N – impact on the pulley axis;

– Srun – force from the oncoming rope (taken to be approximately equal to Srun;

– α – angle of deviation from the axis.

Pull block block

Calculation useful action block

As you know, efficiency is the efficiency factor, that is, how effective the work performed was. It is calculated as the ratio of work completed and work expended. In the case of a pulley block, the formula is applied:

ηb = Srun/ Srun = 1/(1 + q + 2fsinα×d/D) (3)

In the equation:

– 3 ηb – block efficiency;

– d and D – respectively, the diameter of the bushing and the pulley itself;

– q – rigidity coefficient of flexible connection (rope); f – friction coefficient;

– α – angle of deviation from the axis.

From this formula it can be seen that the efficiency is affected by the structure of the block (through the f coefficient), its size (through the d/D ratio) and the rope material (q coefficient). The maximum efficiency value can be achieved using bronze bushings and rolling bearings (up to 98%). Sliding bearings will provide up to 96% efficiency.

The diagram shows all the forces S on different branches of the rope

The lifting mechanism consists of several blocks. The total efficiency of the pulley is not equal arithmetic sum all individual components. For the calculation, they use a much more complex formula, or rather, a system of equations, where all forces are expressed through the value of the primary S0 and the efficiency of the mechanism:

– S1=ηп S0;

– S2=(ηп)2 S0; (- 4)

S3=(ηп)3 S0; ….

– Sn=(ηп)n S0.

Efficiency of a chain hoist at different magnifications

Since the efficiency value is always less than 1, with each new block and equation in the system, the value of Sn will rapidly decrease. The total efficiency of the pulley will depend not only on ηb, but also on the number of these blocks - the multiplicity of the system. Using the table, you can find ηp for systems with different numbers of blocks at different efficiency values ​​of each.

How to make a lift with your own hands

In construction during installation work It is not always possible to fit a crane. Then the question arises of how to lift the load with a rope. And here a simple chain hoist finds its application. To make it and fully operate, you need to make calculations, drawings, and choose the right rope and blocks.

Different schemes of simple and complex lifts

Preparation of the base - diagram and drawing

Before you start building a chain hoist with your own hands, you need to carefully study the drawings and choose a suitable scheme for yourself. You should rely on how it will be more convenient for you to place the structure, what blocks and cable are available.

It happens that the lifting capacity of the pulley blocks is not enough, and there is no time or opportunity to build a complex multiple lifting mechanism. Then double chain hoists are used, which are a combination of two single ones. This device can also lift the load so that it moves strictly vertically, without distortions.

Drawings of the twin model in different variations

How to choose a rope and block

The most important role in building a chain hoist with your own hands is played by the rope. It is important that it does not stretch. Such ropes are called static. Stretching and deformation of a flexible connection causes serious losses in work efficiency. For homemade mechanism A synthetic cable is suitable, the thickness depends on the weight of the load.

The material and quality of the blocks are indicators that will provide homemade lifting devices with the calculated load capacity. Depending on the bearings that are installed in the block, its efficiency changes and this is already taken into account in the calculations.

But how can you lift a load to a height with your own hands and not drop it? To protect the load from possible reverse movement, you can install a special locking block that allows the rope to move only in one direction - the desired direction.

Roller along which the rope moves

Step-by-step instructions for lifting a load through a block

When the rope and blocks are ready, the diagram has been selected, and the calculations have been made, you can begin assembly. For a simple double pulley you will need:

– roller – 2 pcs.;

– bearings;

– bushing – 2 pcs.;

– clip for the block – 2 pcs.;

- rope; hook for hanging cargo;

– slings – if they are needed for installation.

Carabiners are used for quick connection

Step-by-step lifting of the load to a height is carried out as follows:

1. Connect the rollers, bushing and bearings. They combine all this into a clip. Get a block.

2. The rope is launched into the first block;

3. The frame with this block is rigidly attached to a fixed support (reinforced concrete beam, pillar, wall, specially mounted extension, etc.);

4. Then the end of the rope is passed through the second block (movable).

5. A hook is attached to the clip.

6. The free end of the rope is fixed.

7. Sling the load being lifted and connect it to the pulley.

The homemade lifting mechanism is ready to use and will provide double the strength benefits. Now, to raise the load to a height, just pull the end of the rope. By bending around both rollers, the rope will lift the load without much effort.

Is it possible to combine a chain hoist and a winch?

If you attach an electric winch to the homemade mechanism that you build according to these instructions, you will get a real do-it-yourself crane. Now you don’t have to strain at all to lift the load; the winch will do everything for you.

Even a manual winch will make lifting the load more comfortable - you don’t need to rub your hands on the rope and worry about the rope slipping out of your hands. In any case, turning the winch handle is much easier.

Pulley hoist for winch

In principle, even outside the construction site, the ability to hiking conditions With a minimum of tools and materials, building a basic pulley for a winch is a very useful skill. It will be especially appreciated by motorists who are lucky enough to get their car stuck somewhere in an impassable place. A quick-made chain hoist will significantly increase the performance of the winch.

Overestimate the importance of the chain hoist in development modern construction and mechanical engineering is difficult. Everyone should understand the principle of operation and visually imagine its design. Now you are not afraid of situations when you need to lift a load, but there is no special equipment. A few pulleys, a rope and ingenuity will allow you to do this without using a crane.

Homemade lifting devices are currently becoming increasingly popular. During construction and when working in a garage, you often have to move heavy loads. In construction, manual transportation takes considerable time, and it is not always possible to install ramps or scaffolding. In any case, it is much easier and more efficient to use lifts.

Crane diagram

The same applies to the automotive theme; a garage with a lift is much more convenient to use. Most simple lifts They are an ordinary beam, rigidly fixed at one end, and a movable block is installed at the other end. A rope is thrown over the block, with the help of which the loads are tightened manually.

Such a homemade lift is quite simple to manufacture, but from a practical point of view it is very inconvenient. Firstly, the load is still lifted manually, and secondly, dismantling and installing a beam from one place to another takes even more time than simply dragging weights. Similar mechanisms are used in log houses.

Materials and tools:

• pillar supports;
• wooden top beam;
• metal guide;
• wheel-pulley;
• bearings;
• chain hoist;
• spacers;
• pulley;
• welding machine.

If the question of how to make a lift for a log house yourself makes you think, then here is a fairly simple solution. An upper beam with a length slightly greater than the length of the future structure is installed on 2 vertically dug pillar supports. This gap makes it possible to drag logs directly from the stack to the installation site.

The wooden beam must be equipped with a metal guide on top along which the mechanism will move. Further, the technology is simple, the wheel-pulley on a bearing is connected to an L-shaped metal part, to the other end of which a manual chain hoist with a load capacity of at least 750 kg is attached. This minimum is explained by the fact that the weight of a thirty-centimeter-wide log house ranges from 270 to 400 kg, depending on the moisture content of the wood.

The pillars for such a structure must be at least 20 cm in diameter, and the beam, based on the load, is a beam of at least 15X20 cm in cross section.

The guide is a piece of reinforcement to which the tips of the nails are welded at equal distances, no more than half a meter. They will attach the guide to the wooden beam.

The beam is fixed a couple of tens of cm away from the pillars to avoid coupling between the transport device and the pillar.

To strengthen the structure, spacers are installed on the nailed beam. If the height of the pillars is 4-5 m, then for stability they must be dug into the ground 1 m and spacers must be installed on the side in which the beam shifts.

The pulley, preferably with sides, is put on the guide and the lift is ready for work.

Homemade crane

During individual construction, you cannot do without a crane, which can also be made with your own hands if necessary.

A homemade crane will help install floors, foundations and all other structural elements, thanks to its ability to fall below the zero mark by 2.5 m and rise to a height of about 2 m.

Such a crane allows you to transport cargo over a distance of 3 m. For home construction, the proposed capabilities should be sufficient.

This design does not provide a turning mechanism, since the crane is not designed for loads exceeding 300 kg and can be easily turned manually along with the entire structure.

In order to make a crane with your own hands, you will need:

• 4 telescopic tubes outer diameter 140 mm,
• three-meter I-beam,
• metal corners for supporting structures,
• hoist or hand winch.

Homemade crane

Telescopic pipes are welded in pairs to the ends of the beams, consisting of two adjacent corners 1.5 and 0.5 m long, thus obtaining 2 U-shaped structures, which for stability are welded to the base of the beam and reinforced with triangular spacers.

Additional support corners are welded to the smaller frame, which will serve as the rear support of the crane, to prevent the future lifting device from tipping over.

An I-beam is welded in the center of the bottom of the horizontal beams so that the smaller frame is on the edge of the I-beam, and the larger one is a little further than 1.5 m from the smaller one.

A winch is attached to the bottom of the I-beam, which will be horizontal mobile device, while the telescopic system will help move loads in the vertical direction.

Lift in the garage

How to make a homemade lift in the garage? Car enthusiasts quite often resort to self-repair vehicle, and remove car engine manually is not an easy task.

For such purposes, it is simply necessary to have a garage lift, even if you made it yourself. The collapsible crane beam system does not take up much space and is made from:

• cross pipe,
• square racks on triangular supports equipped with wheels,
• manual winch.

The pipe is inserted into fasteners welded to the top of the racks and secured with bolts. The winch is welded to vertical rack, and 2 rollers are welded to the beam, along which the cable from the winch moves. A winch for the garage is also easy to do with your own hands.

After use, the homemade crane beam is disassembled into 2 supports and a cross beam, which are placed in any corner of the garage. The advantage of such a beam crane is that its creation does not require special skills and materials; everything can be found at hand.

In addition, the beam crane will allow you to lift and transport loads of up to 800 kg within the garage.

Homemade winch for the garage. The design of the winch involves the presence of a drum with a cable, which is attached to a shaft to a frame made of square pipes. A large sprocket is attached to the outer edge of the drum, and a small sprocket is attached to the electric drive on a chain drive. If the winch is planned to be manual, then a handle is attached to the shaft on which the drum is mounted.

Car lift in the garage. To repair a car, a pit or overpass must be provided in the garage, but it is easier to organize a lift. Although this is a rather risky undertaking, equipping a lift in the garage with your own hands makes practical and economic sense.

The simplest car lift is the already described overhead crane with a winch; in this case, after lifting to the required height, the car is placed on platforms. But there is a risk of the cable breaking, so there is another garage lift.

To make a scissor lift you will need:

• channels from which the platform and base are made,

and for making scissors the following are suitable:

• I-beams,
• hydraulic cylinder,
• bushings,
• pump,
• distributor into two sections.

The beams are fastened with bushings using the scissor principle, and a hydraulic cylinder with a handle helps raise the scissors to the desired height.

Light jib cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 1 ton are indispensable when carrying out various electrical, installation and construction works. Thanks to their design, it is possible to install devices in various openings of a building or on ceilings, as well as to move them for convenient use. They are easy to assemble and install, and if necessary, they can be quickly disassembled into their component elements and moved to a suitable location.

The use of such structures is rational in the absence of the possibility of operating other types of hydraulic and hydraulic machines. There are many types of cranes with different designs. They are divided into stationary and mobile. The boom devices are equipped with one electric drive mechanism for moving the load. The crane operates by manual control.

Construction mini crane

You can create it yourself various instruments and instruments that are so necessary in construction and other types of work. Despite the fact that a self-made mini-crane is characterized by a limited transferable load weight (no more than 250 kg), such a design will simplify the implementation of most construction work.

The main task is to select all the tools and parts necessary for creation and subsequent operation. The weight of the prefabricated device can reach up to 300 kg, depending on the materials used. At the same time, it has compact dimensions and the ability to move without preliminary disassembly using a car.

DIY crane: assembly

Using a worm-based gearbox, a cargo winch is formed. It can also provide the creation of a manual drive that simplifies the assembly of the boom winch. The basis for the screw extensions are construction supports. All the elements presented above form the basis of the design. In addition, drums for winches are needed. It is worth noting that they self-production not everyone can do it, since the process is complex and labor-intensive, as well as the need for specialized equipment and experience in carrying out such work.

The way out of the situation is rotors from an electric motor, which can be used as a basis and significantly simplify the task. Particular attention should be paid to matching the dimensions of the elements used and the future device. To do this, additional measurements are taken using a ruler.

Additional items

To simplify movement, the platform is equipped with wheels. Elements from the conveyor cart may be useful. When creating the structure, you should not forget about this addition, since it is thanks to it that the simplest crane, assembled with your own hands, moves. To do this, you just need to remove the remote supporting elements, which does not cause any particular difficulties and is done in a short time. It is important to follow safety precautions, in particular the boom must be set to zero level to prevent loss of balance and the crane falling.

Peculiarities

The optimal boom height is 5 meters. For its manufacture, a pipe with a diameter of about 8 cm is used. A profile of two corners is mounted into the base. You also need to create a rotating mechanism to rotate and lift the boom; a car hub from any truck will do for this. There is no need for special materials for the counterweight, since you can use standard bricks for them. You can create a crane with your own hands using both caterpillar tracks and a frame. The last element can be taken from an unused machine.

It is worth noting that there is no need for a brake for the turning mechanism and winch, since it is not needed during the operation of the crane, and the finished device will operate at low speed.

Advantages of the design

A rectangular pipe is suitable for forming an external support structure and a common base. For the latter, according to experts, it will be optimal to use a channel of 200. The length of the thrust screws should be within 50 cm, due to which the crane can be mounted with its own hands on any surface, including those with a large number of irregularities. Thus, there is no need to prepare the site on which the building is being built.

Difficulties sometimes arise with the wheels, since on loose soil they can spin poorly and dig into it. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out work on hard ground. After completion of construction, the structure is disassembled into its component elements for storage.

What can be done for the garage

When repairing a car yourself, there is often a need to remove the engine, so many car owners are wondering how to make a crane with their own hands. The most simple option is a lift, the creation of which requires a hand winch, racks on triangular supports with wheels and a transverse pipe.

At the top of the racks, fasteners for the pipe are fixed by welding. A hand winch is welded to the vertical post, and the rollers are mounted on the beam; they are subsequently used to move the cable. In this case, it is not necessary to purchase a winch, as you can do this design on one's own.

Such a device will not clutter up the space, it can be disassembled, and the cross beam and supports separately will not take up much space. The crane, created with your own hands for a garage, is capable of lifting and moving a load weighing no more than 800 kg. Its main advantage is that there is no need to purchase expensive materials.

As noted earlier, you can make a winch yourself. To do this, you will need a drum equipped with a cable; it must be fixed to a structure made of pipes with a square cross-section. A small sprocket with a chain drive is installed on the electric drive, and a large one is installed on the edge of the drum. To create a manual winch, a shaft equipped with a drum is supplemented with a handle.

To replace and repair most parts in a car, a platform or pit is required; if they are not available, you can use a lift. Despite the existing risks when working with such a device, its creation is justified by economic benefits and practical benefits.

An overhead trolley crane, assembled with a winch yourself, is the simplest version of a car lift, with the car being installed on platforms after being raised to the desired height. There is also a scissor design, which is characterized by the absence of the possibility of cable breakage, which the previous option cannot guarantee.

Scissor crane

The base and platform of the scissor lift are made of channels. A two-piece distributor, pump, bushings, hydraulic cylinder and I-beams are required for the shear.

A self-made UAZ crane is capable of lifting loads weighing more than 500 kg. It can also be removed upon completion of work. The main purpose of the device is to fix retractable supports. The base of the structure is made of a thick-walled square, secured to the frame with several bolts. The retractable pores stay on the bumper and raise the rear of the car.

Crane “Pioneer9rdquo;

The mechanism makes it possible to simplify the implementation of many repair and construction works, as well as to ensure the implementation of actions that cannot be performed without additional lifting devices. The design is suitable for cargo of various volumes and sizes, and it can be installed on the floors of houses under construction, in pits and on the roof.

Among the main constituent elements It is worth noting the rotating and supporting frames, an electric winch, and a control panel. The device does not cause any difficulties in the process of use and the application of significant physical effort. Management is within the power of every person, even those without relevant experience.

Many owners of private houses and summer cottages. Their spread is due to the fact that each part of the mechanism, regardless of its complexity, can be performed in the desired manner and with the necessary functionality. In addition to moving heavy loads such as monolithic blocks, such cranes enable the delivery of light objects to great heights.

Unfortunately, the creation of hydraulic devices is, as a rule, not possible. But, despite this, the crane (with your own hands), the photo of which is presented below, is easy to operate and has sufficient lifting capacity.

Assembly of the Pioneer crane9rdquo;

Many parts can be found, surprisingly, in a landfill. For a homemade mechanism, the main components are a rectangular pipe and an I-beam. It is important that the latter fits easily into the pipe. To create a telescopic unit for an I-beam, sliding guides are made. It is worth noting that they must be lubricated with special compounds to reduce the degree of friction.

For the device to function, cables with a small diameter are also required. They can be purchased at a hardware store. A channel is often used to secure the rotating and supporting frames. It also ensures that the device can be firmly mounted on any surface. As a rule, it is the roof of a building under construction. In accordance with safety regulations, the manufacture of a rectangular platform as ballast is required, and it will reduce the likelihood of problems while the crane, assembled with your own hands, is in operation. An electric motor connected to a winch is used to start the lifting process.

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The simplest lifting and transport mechanisms for the construction of cottages and houses.

Chapter. Country construction and improvement

During the construction process, it is very often necessary to move all kinds of cargo, building materials, parts, etc. The most labor-intensive of these movements is vertical. For example, lifting bricks, buckets of mortar, blocks onto scaffolding or onto second floor floors. Such movements require large physical and time expenditures.

Of course, the simplest solution is to invite a crane to the construction site. But this is expensive and does not always solve the problem. So, you can’t lift a lot of bricks onto scaffolding, they simply won’t hold up. And if you lift it little by little - taking into account the cost of the crane and the speed of laying this brick - the brick wall will simply become golden.

With this article I want to remind you only of simple and well-known techniques for a quick and generally not too labor-intensive way to move building materials at a construction site.

The simplest of them is a block. Everyone knows what he looks like and I’m not even giving a photo of him, just diagrams. The meaning of the block is to change the direction of application of force. For example, for block 1 in the diagram (the simplest case, called a fixed block), in order to lift the load up, you need to pull the cable down. And this will make it possible to use the worker’s own weight to lift the load. For example, you can make several loops on a cable, then a worker, walking along them like a rope ladder, can easily lift up a load of 50-70 kilograms with almost no effort!

Block 2 (in the diagram, a movable block) has one end of the cable fixed motionless and already allows the force to be doubled, and a worker using such a block will already be able to lift a load of 100 kilograms. The disadvantage is that the cable also needs to be pulled up. But if you combine block 2 with block 1, the lifted load can reach double the weight of the worker, which can now be used again!

Such a combination of several blocks of type 1 and 2 is called a chain hoist. The chain hoist gives a gain in strength equal to the number of blocks. Those. to lift a load weighing 1000 kg, having a chain hoist with 6 movable and 6 fixed blocks, an effort of only 85 kg will be required!

A pulley block is a rather complex device, so they often use a block with two pulleys of different diameters or a block on a thick axle, which serves as a second block.

So block type 3 (in the diagram) gives a gain in strength equal to the ratio of the radii of the large and small blocks. The well-known gate in a well is constructed in approximately the same way. You remember that the log or pipe on which the chain or rope is wound is much smaller than the wheel (or the radius of the handle) with which the gate rotates. This allows even children to lift a full bucket of water from the well with ease.

Blocks and pulleys of all types are readily available. However, they have one significant drawback - they move loads only vertically. Therefore, the so-called crane - rocker arm should be recognized as a more valuable lifting and transport mechanism.

The crane represents nothing other than the famous lever of Archimedes. Although it was known much earlier than Archimedes, back in ancient Egypt. With the help of cranes, Egyptian workers pumped Nile water into canals and ditches.

The beauty of the crane is its simplicity, extreme cheapness and very high efficiency. I had to use it myself. It so happened that much more rubble was poured into the basement than required and it was necessary to lift the excess. How? Carrying buckets up the stairs? The work is extremely unproductive, hard and thankless. I had to urgently make a crane from discarded boards and poles. The easiest way turned out to be to hang the boom (yoke) of the crane on a strong cable (for transporting the car). Now lifting a bucket of crushed stone (more than 20 kg!) took 2-3 seconds! (it took longer to load).

The crane also uses the weight of the worker himself. In addition, counterweights can be used, which also makes lifting heavy objects easier.

But the most valuable quality is that it also moves the load horizontally! Within the range of your arrow, of course. Therefore, sometimes it makes sense to use a crane not only for lifting, but also to move cargo from place to place.

The crane is also useful if you need to lift the load to a sufficiently high height. In this case, the crane's arrow is hung quite high, and so that the worker below can operate it, a strong rope or small pole is tied to the butt. A stationary block with a long rope is installed at the end of the crane's arrow. This will allow 1 person to lift loads completely freely, for example, to the second floor. And this is instead of carrying them along stairs or walkways.

Such simple lifting and transport mechanisms can significantly speed up and facilitate rigging and construction work without any additional costs for their organization. Apply them on your construction and you will feel the difference!

Garage: homemade lifting devices

Homemade lifting devices are an indispensable tool for a garage where major car repairs are planned. With the help of this assistive device you can easily remove the car engine, lift the edge of the body, or even the entire car.

Easy-to-make homemade lifting mechanisms make work several times easier and faster not only in the garage, but also near the house. They are indispensable for construction and repair, moving construction waste, and unloading heavy loads.

Types of lifting mechanisms

Before you begin assembly garage crane with your own hands, you should choose which mechanism suits you best. Load lifting machines belong to a fairly important category of industrial and household equipment. They are designed to move various loads in a vertical or inclined direction. A useful feature for motorists is the ability to move a load suspended on a hook to the side, thereby freeing up space for work. When designing a car lift, it is advisable to supplement it with a similar option - this way you can expand the list of actions performed in the garage.

Purchasing a ready-made lift entails significant financial costs, so many garage owners are interested in the question of how to make such a mechanism themselves. First you need to understand what types of devices exist, how they differ from each other, and what functions they have. Classification is made according to various criteria: principle of operation, purpose, type of drive. Let's look at the most common types of lifting machines:

1. Blocks - manual mechanisms, which use only the strength of human muscles to lift a load. The structure of the block is known from the school curriculum: it consists of a wheel with a recess around it, rotating around a fixed axis. A rope, rope or metal chain passes through the recess. The force required to lift weights decreases exponentially as the number of pulleys in the system increases.
2. Jack - simple lever device, used to raise one side of the car. Jacks can be either manual or hydraulic, pneumatic or electric.
3. A hoist is a manual or mechanized device consisting of a system of interconnected blocks. Depending on the number of individual wheels (pulleys), hoists are divided into two-, three-, four-pulley, etc. The maximum number of pulleys that such devices use is 12. An industrial type of hoist - a pulley block is often used to move cargo on ships.

In addition to standard lifting devices, there are specialized installations:

1. The telpher is an improved hoist, equipped electric drive. Thanks to this addition, the power and load-carrying capacity of the mechanism increases, and when the hoist is placed on a horizontal I-beam, it becomes possible to move loads along the room.
2. The crane is a simple device that works on the principle of a lever. A hook is attached to one end of the lever for hanging a load, and a counterweight is attached to the opposite end. The height of lifting loads largely depends on the position of the mechanism itself, since the length of the lever stroke remains small. Using a crane, you can not only lift weights, but also move them along a trajectory described by the radius of the lever. Often a crane successfully replaces a crane, but due to its large dimensions, its use in a garage is not practiced.

What characteristics should a garage lift have?

Since the device will be used in the rather cramped conditions of a standard garage, certain requirements are put forward for it. Firstly, it should not be too large - such car lift, despite the high power, it takes up a lot of space, which is very undesirable for such small area. Secondly, it is recommended to give preference to mechanisms with a small vertical stroke, otherwise you risk running into the ceiling.

The second requirement is carrying capacity. It is calculated based on the types of work for which the car lift is being developed. The dimensions of the mechanism also depend on the purpose. If a regular jack is suitable for a regular wheel change, then for larger-scale work you will need a car lift with a platform, although for such important actions it is recommended to resort to the help of professional equipment.

Materials and tools

When constructing a garage lift with your own hands, you need to have in your arsenal not only drawings of the future device, but also arm yourself with a set of tools and high-quality, load-resistant materials. First of all you will need:

• welding machine;
• grinder with cutting wheel for metal;
• bolts and nuts for fastening;
• steel pipes with a diameter of 40-50 mm;
• steel angle or profiled pipe with a cross section of 35-40 mm;
• cable;
• homemade winch for the garage (you can purchase it, the factory-produced version will be more reliable).

As the planned homemade garage winch becomes a reality, the list of components for it may change slightly, depending on your specific requirements for the mechanism.

How to assemble a simple faucet

Before assembling the lift with your own hands, you should create detailed drawing indicating the dimensions of all parts and the method of attaching them to each other. At this stage, the type of mechanism is determined - it could be a beam crane for a garage, a regular winch suspended from the ceiling, a powerful jack with manual, electric or hydraulic control. Often, craftsmen even construct such complex devices as a two-post lift that can withstand the weight of a passenger car.

One of the simplest models, which includes a homemade winch for a garage, consists of a cantilever fixed boom mounted on a vertical stand made of steel pipe. A trolley with a winch is mounted on the boom. Vertical pipe welded to the base. This could be a massive steel plate or the garage foundation itself. A homemade garage winch will be more reliable if you secure the upper end of the rack to the ceiling of the room.

The working part of the mechanism is a small winch. If it is homemade, the faucet will lose some reliability, so it is better to purchase a factory-made device.

A steel cable is passed through a groove in the winch block, at the end of which a hook is installed. By rotating the winch handle, you will set the block with the cable in motion, lifting the load to a given height.

Conclusion on the topic

A garage with a lift is the dream of many motorists, because with such a device it turns into their own, comfortable and free car service.

Constructing a lift in the garage with your own hands is quite simple. All you have to do is stock up necessary materials, tools, and clearly define the list of tasks that the device will perform.

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Strengthening homemade lifting devices

Homemade lifting devices are currently becoming increasingly popular. During construction and when working in a garage, you often have to move heavy loads. In construction, manual transportation takes considerable time, and it is not always possible to install ramps or scaffolding. In any case, it is much easier and more efficient to use lifts.

Crane diagram

The same applies to the automotive theme; a garage with a lift is much more convenient to use. The simplest lifts are an ordinary beam, rigidly fixed at one end, and a movable block is installed at the other end. A rope is thrown over the block, with the help of which the loads are tightened manually.

Such a homemade lift is quite simple to manufacture, but from a practical point of view it is very inconvenient. Firstly, the load is still lifted manually, and secondly, dismantling and installing a beam from one place to another takes even more time than simply dragging weights. Similar mechanisms are used in log houses.

Construction of a log house

Materials and tools:

• pillar supports;
• wooden top beam;
• metal guide;
• wheel-pulley;
• bearings;
• chain hoist;
• spacers;
• pulley;
• welding machine.

If the question of how to make a lift for a log house yourself makes you think, then here is a fairly simple solution. An upper beam with a length slightly greater than the length of the future structure is installed on 2 vertically dug pillar supports. This gap makes it possible to drag logs directly from the stack to the installation site.

The wooden beam must be equipped with a metal guide on top along which the mechanism will move. Further, the technology is simple: a wheel-pulley on a bearing is connected to an L-shaped metal part, to the other end of which a manual chain hoist with a load capacity of at least 750 kg is attached. This minimum is explained by the fact that the weight of a thirty-centimeter-wide log house ranges from 270 to 400 kg, depending on the moisture content of the wood.

The pillars for such a structure must be at least 20 cm in diameter, and the beam, based on the load, is a beam of at least 15X20 cm in cross section.

The guide is a piece of reinforcement to which the tips of the nails are welded at equal distances, no more than half a meter. They will attach the guide to the wooden beam.

The beam is fixed a couple of tens of cm away from the pillars to avoid coupling between the transport device and the pillar.

To strengthen the structure, spacers are installed on the nailed beam. If the height of the pillars is 4-5 m, then for stability they must be dug into the ground 1 m and spacers must be installed on the side in which the beam shifts.

The pulley, preferably with sides, is put on the guide and the lift is ready for work.

Homemade crane

During individual construction, you cannot do without a crane, which can also be made with your own hands if necessary.

A homemade crane will help install floors, foundations and all other structural elements, thanks to its ability to fall below the zero mark by 2.5 m and rise to a height of about 2 m.

Such a crane allows you to transport cargo over a distance of 3 m. For home construction, the proposed capabilities should be sufficient.

This design does not provide a turning mechanism, since the crane is not designed for loads exceeding 300 kg and can be easily turned manually along with the entire structure.

In order to make a crane with your own hands, you will need:

• 4 telescopic pipes with an outer diameter of 140 mm,
• three-meter I-beam,
• metal corners for supporting structures,
• hoist or hand winch.

Homemade crane

Telescopic pipes are welded in pairs to the ends of the beams, consisting of two adjacent corners 1.5 and 0.5 m long, thus obtaining 2 U-shaped structures, which for stability are welded to the base of the beam and reinforced with triangular spacers.

Additional support corners are welded to the smaller frame, which will serve as the rear support of the crane, to prevent the future lifting device from tipping over.

An I-beam is welded in the center of the bottom of the horizontal beams so that the smaller frame is on the edge of the I-beam, and the larger one is a little further than 1.5 m from the smaller one.

A winch is attached to the bottom of the I-beam, which will be a horizontal mobile device, while the telescopic system will help move loads in the vertical direction.

Lift in the garage

How to make a homemade lift in the garage? Car enthusiasts quite often resort to self-repair of the vehicle, and removing a car engine manually is not an easy task.

For such purposes, it is simply necessary to have a garage lift, even if you made it yourself. The collapsible crane beam system does not take up much space and is made from:

• cross pipe,
• square racks on triangular supports equipped with wheels,
• manual winch.

The pipe is inserted into fasteners welded to the top of the racks and secured with bolts. The winch is welded to the vertical post, and 2 rollers are welded to the beam, along which the cable from the winch moves. A winch for the garage is also easy to do with your own hands.

After use, the homemade crane beam is disassembled into 2 supports and a cross beam, which are placed in any corner of the garage. The advantage of such a beam crane is that its creation does not require special skills and materials; everything can be found at hand.

In addition, the beam crane will allow you to lift and transport loads of up to 800 kg within the garage.

Homemade winch for the garage. The design of the winch involves the presence of a drum with a cable, which is attached to a shaft to a frame made of square pipes. A large sprocket is attached to the outer edge of the drum, and a small sprocket is attached to the electric drive on a chain drive. If the winch is planned to be manual, then a handle is attached to the shaft on which the drum is mounted.

Car lift in the garage. To repair a car, a pit or overpass must be provided in the garage, but it is easier to organize a lift. Although this is a rather risky undertaking, equipping a lift in the garage with your own hands makes practical and economic sense.

The simplest car lift is the already described overhead crane with a winch; in this case, after lifting to the required height, the car is placed on platforms. But there is a risk of the cable breaking, so there is another garage lift.

To make a scissor lift you will need:

• channels from which the platform and base are made,

and for making scissors the following are suitable:

• I-beams,
• hydraulic cylinder,
• bushings,
• pump,
• distributor into two sections.

The beams are fastened with bushings using the scissor principle, and a hydraulic cylinder with a handle helps raise the scissors to the desired height.

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Do homemade winch Now almost anyone can. The main thing is to have a small number of available tools. and purchase in the store some necessary for manufacturing of this device materials. Currently, in the store you can find special threaded rods that we will need for a homemade winch. Such a device can serve us as a good gearbox for making a winch lifting mechanism.

The construction of a winch must begin with a sketch. The whole principle of our work is that this threaded rod can be easily rotated, and the nut securing it should not allow our shaft to rotate. If the winch device is designed so that the nut does not move along the stud, then the effort needed to move the winch in this way will be much less than it would take to rotate a standard winch mechanism from a store. Thus, you will not only save cash, but also make the process of lifting weights easier with the help of a homemade winch.

We take the stud we bought and secure its ends in bearings that will be installed on the supports. The nut on such a stud is most often a small rectangular iron plate. to which several ordinary nuts are welded. This plate is necessary to prevent the nuts from turning.

You also need to attach a cable to this plate, which will lift and lower your loads. This cable must be passed through one of the two supports, and also thrown over the block.

At the opposite end of our cable, you can attach a securing hook or a small sling system. It all depends on what purposes you will use it for.

You insert the pin drive itself into the homemade winch manually. To simplify this process, you need to attach a pulley or a modern gear to one end of the winch mechanism.
Thus, with just a few available things, you can easily and quickly make a winch for household needs.

In a shed, home workshop or garage, you may need such a thing as a winch or hoist. These devices are not often sold in stores, and they are also quite expensive. Do winch It’s not that difficult and much less expensive to do it yourself.

First of all, to make a winch, you should take care of purchasing such a thing as a threaded pin in a store or at a flea market. They are found up to 2m long, this is exactly what you need to purchase, because the longer the thread, the higher you can lift the load, in in this case, its working stroke will be approximately 180cm. The winch support or frame can be made from oak beams, but it is preferable to make it from a channel or metal profile. The caliper can also be welded from rolled metal.

So, make a frame in the shape of the letter “P”, drill holes in the sides for the bearings into which the ends of the threaded rod will be inserted. Weld a nut on both sides to a rectangular plate with a hole for the pin that is coaxial in height, this unit will be the tension nut. You should drill a hole in it for the cable; its thickness should be consistent with the purposes for which you are making winch .

Consider where in the ceiling your winch will be located. this will determine on which side the drive is located, on which side the vehicle unit being repaired will be lifted. On the side you determined, weld a corner on which to attach a block under the cable. There will be a pulley on the other side. To his internal diameter Use a boring tool to adjust one of the ends of the stud.

It should be noted that you can use sprockets instead of pulleys by using a looped chain for manual traction, since the design of this winch is designed to lift fairly large weights. But if an electric drive is preferable for you, then for this purpose you can use a cheap electric drill, power up to 500W. Then you need to put the pulley on winch and attach the second pulley to the floor.

And a few more words about the assembly of the structure. Do not skimp on the power and number of winch fasteners to the ceiling. Use long ones anchor bolts, if there are iron floor beams on the ceiling of your room, spot weld the structure to one of them, additionally screwing it with bolts. This way you will save both the load from falling and yourself from injury.