Proper insulation of a frame house. How and with what to insulate the walls of a frame house: materials and technologies How to insulate a frame house correctly

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Installation

In a previous article, I described step-by-step instructions for assembling a frame house with your own hands. Now, we will look at instructions on how to properly insulate it and isolate it from wind and moisture, so that during operation, it for a long time remained reliable protection from frost in the cold season, and also saved from the sweltering heat in summer.

What insulation to use for a frame house

I will not describe here which insulation is better for frame house, this is a separate topic and is discussed in detail in another article.

But it is worth noting that about 80% of the total frame houses, are insulated with mineral wool or insulation based on it. Taking this into account, this step-by-step instruction, basically, will be based precisely on such insulation.

Besides mineral wool, there are several more types of insulation, to one degree or another suitable for use as thermal insulation of frame houses, such as ecowool, expanded polystyrene, expanded clay and others. We will talk about the differences in the technology of their use at the end of the article.
Insulation of a frame house with glass wool occurs in exactly the same way as with insulation based on mineral wool, so we will not consider this type of insulation separately.
Mineral wool, compared to other types of insulation, is the most versatile material. It is used to insulate not only frame houses, but also any others. It is used as insulation almost everywhere in the construction of private houses.

It is important to know that when working with mineral wool, especially indoors, it is necessary to use products personal protection, such as gloves, goggles and a respirator. Skin contact may result severe itching, redness, the occurrence of allergic reactions.

In principle, the insulation of all parts of a frame house is not much different from each other, but there are still some nuances, so it is necessary to consider each part separately.

Do-it-yourself insulation of the floor of a frame house

The technology of floor insulation largely depends on the type of foundation, but since most frame houses are currently built on a pile-screw foundation, this is what we will start from when insulating the floor.

Insulation of the floor of a frame house, regardless of the type of insulation, begins with waterproofing. In addition to the waterproofing membrane, we still need to build a structure under the floor joists that will hold both waterproofing material, and the insulation itself, as shown in the diagram.
If the house is located high relative to the ground, and you can crawl under it, then first a waterproofing membrane is stretched under the floor joists and secured with a furniture stapler. The overlap of the waterproofing strips should be as tight as possible so that there is no leakage from under the floor. Find out from the manufacturer which side the material is stuffed in and which side is out.
Also, from below, on top of the waterproofing, a board is made. The size of the board and the installation pitch are not particularly important, but no more than 40-50cm, as long as this is enough to prevent sheets or strips of mineral wool from falling through. Sometimes the board is packed tightly, without gaps, this strengthens the floor structure. This is what you should end up with:
If it is impossible to crawl under the house, then a board is first placed under the joists, and then a waterproofing membrane is attached to the joists from inside the frame house, as shown in the photo.
When the base for the insulation is ready, mineral wool is laid between the floor joists of the frame house. It is necessary to lay it tightly; the presence of voids is not allowed. Mineral wool is cut with a sharp knife, you can use a construction knife, but always a little longer than the required length, about 1 cm.
For ease of installation, the distance between the logs is selected in advance, depending on the insulation, in our case, the width of the mineral wool slab is 60cm. This means that the distance between the joists should ideally be 58-59cm.
The thickness of the insulation layer depends entirely on the region where it is being built. frame house, but on average it is 15 cm. It is also necessary to take into account the height of the floor joists of the frame house. As a rule, the thickness of all layers of mineral wool does not exceed, and sometimes even slightly less than the width of the board or timber from which they are made.
An important point in laying mineral wool is that each layer must overlap the joints of the previous one, as shown in the photo. The overlap should be at least 15-20cm.
On top of the mineral wool, inside the frame house on the logs, it is necessary to fix a vapor barrier membrane. It will protect the insulation from moisture from the inside, and also serve as additional wind protection. In order for it to be airtight, the joints must be taped with double-sided tape, for example.
Plywood, OSB board is laid over the vapor barrier membrane, or a board is sewn together, which will be the basis for further finishing.

It is worth noting that mineral wool itself is not a wind barrier, so the waterproofing and vapor barrier membrane must be stretched so that there is an overlap on the walls, excluding moisture and wind from getting between the wall and the floor of the frame house.

Insulating the walls of a frame house with mineral wool

In a frame house, as in any other, there are two types of walls - external, one side of which is located on the street, and internal, which are located entirely inside the house. So, it is necessary to insulate both of them.

The walls of a frame house can be insulated both from the inside and outside; this does not change the materials used and their quantity. We will look at insulation from the inside; everything is done from the outside in exactly the same way, only in a slightly different sequence.

Insulation of the external walls of the house

It is worth immediately noting that when covering a frame house outside and inside with your own hands, you use various materials, they may be different from those that I describe in this manual. The order of actions may also differ, but in general, it turns out almost the same, as in the diagram. This approximate diagram, for example, instead of OSB boards, on one side you can pierce the sheathing with slats or a 25mm thick board. The board, as a rule, breaks through a certain distance - about 40cm between the axes, but it is worth remembering that in this case, the rigidity of the walls will suffer a little.

The process of insulating walls with mineral wool with your own hands is almost identical to the thermal insulation of the floor, and is done in the following way:

The outside of the frame is sheathed with OSB boards, with gaps between them specified by the manufacturer, usually 2-3mm. After installation, the gaps can be foamed. This is what it looks like from inside the house:
Then, also from the outside, a waterproofing membrane is stretched, which will protect the mineral wool, the frame of the house, as well as OSB sheets from external moisture, on top of which external Finishing work, such as installing siding, for example. Some manufacturers make waterproofing materials with self-adhesive strips to make the joint tighter. If there are no such stripes, it is advisable to glue the joints with double-sided tape.
From the inside of the frame house, between the frame posts, which, if you did everything correctly, are located at a distance of 58-59 cm from each other, sheets of mineral wool are tightly inserted.
It is better to use mineral wool with a density of at least 35-50 kg/m3. Less dense insulation will settle or roll to the bottom, which will lead to the appearance of voids and cold bridges. As a rule, manufacturers write on the packaging what material can be used for.
Just like with the floor, layers of mineral wool should be laid so as to overlap the previous joint of the sheets by at least 15-20cm. The total thickness of insulation depends on the climate zone, but the average value is also 15 cm.
After all the insulation has been laid in the walls, it is necessary to fill with foam all the small voids formed at the joints of the boards and beams.
A prerequisite for insulation with mineral wool is that from inside the house, over the insulation, it is necessary to stretch a vapor barrier membrane, which will protect the insulation from moisture coming from inside the house. On top of which, most often, the same OSB sheets are stuffed as on the outside, but you can also use boards, slats and similar materials, depending on the further finishing. An important point in installing a vapor barrier membrane is that internal corners it could not be tightened, and the vapor barrier completely followed the angle of the frame. Otherwise, in the future, it will be difficult to nail the trim at the corners.

It is worth noting that this entire procedure can be done in reverse, first stretch the vapor barrier membrane from the inside, then the internal cladding material, and the process of insulating the walls with mineral wool can be done from the outside.

Insulation of internal walls of a frame house

Distinctive features of insulating the internal walls of a frame house are:

If it is not possible, or there are no strict requirements for the soundproofing of internal partitions, it will be sufficient to use the same insulation as for external walls. The thickness of the heat-insulating layer can be much less.

Do-it-yourself insulation of the ceiling of a frame house

Insulation of the ceiling of a frame house is practically no different from other types of houses with wooden floors, and is one of the most critical aspects of thermal insulation of the entire house as a whole.

Now let's take a step-by-step look at how to properly insulate the ceiling of a frame house with mineral wool:

Because warm air has the ability to rise upward; if the ceiling or roof is not insulated correctly, it will leave the house maximum amount heat.

Insulating the roof of a frame house with your own hands

Very often, instead of the ceiling, and sometimes together with the ceiling, the roof of a frame house is also insulated with mineral wool. This is usually done in cases where the attic space is residential and heated.

The insulation technology is practically no different from the thermal insulation of the ceiling, with the exception that a waterproofing material must be stretched over the insulation to protect the insulation from the external aggressive environment.

This is what the thermal insulation layer of mineral wool on the roof of a frame house looks like in the diagram:

Here are a few features that will help make the DIY insulation process easier:

It is worth noting that the roof can also be insulated from the inside if it is fully assembled. But this is much more inconvenient, because you will have to come up with some kind of temporary fastenings, before stretching the vapor barrier material, so that the insulation does not fall out.

Features of using other types of insulation

All preparatory work for thermal insulation of a frame house, regardless of the type of insulation, is no different. The differences, and even then minor ones, are in the installation of the insulation itself, which will be discussed further.

Now let's look at the main differences between insulation with other materials, which can also be used as thermal insulation for frame houses.

Insulation with expanded polystyrene (foam) and EPS

If you dig around on the Internet, you will find a lot of controversy about foam insulation not only for wooden houses, but also for others. Indeed, polystyrene foam for frame houses is not the most the best option, although it will be the warmest, with the same thickness of insulation, and why is a separate topic for discussion.

The process of insulation with polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam is practically no different, so they can be combined. Here are some features of expanded polystyrene and insulation based on it:

Polystyrene foam does not always fit between the joists as tightly as mineral wool, so all cracks and voids must be removed using polyurethane foam or similar materials.
Expanded polystyrene – flammable material, this must be remembered and even potential sources of combustion should not come into contact with it.
When using polystyrene foam, it is necessary to take care of improved ventilation, because this material practically does not allow air to pass through.
Despite the fact that polystyrene foam practically does not allow or absorb moisture, it cannot be left as the only waterproofing for the house. Waterproofing and vapor barrier layers must still be present, because they protect not only the insulation, but also the wood itself from which the frame of the house is assembled.
Expanded polystyrene is very fond of rodents who make their moves in it, so you need to take care that they do not get to it.

These are the basic rules and differences in the use of polystyrene foam boards and insulation based on them. Otherwise, everything is done exactly the same as in the case of insulation with mineral wool.

Features of insulating a frame house with ecowool

Ecowool - relatively new material for insulating not only frame houses. It can be used as insulation in almost all areas of private construction, including frame construction.

Despite the fact that ecowool insulation can be done without special equipment, I still would not recommend doing so. Firstly, because with the help of special equipment ecowool is applied more evenly and blows out all the voids. Secondly, manually prepared ecowool has less good characteristics, both in terms of shrinkage and thermal insulation.
Ecowool absorbs moisture very well, so waterproofing and vapor barrier materials, as well as their installation, must be approached with special responsibility.
It is necessary to apply ecowool with a reserve, because it will shrink over time, up to 10-15%.
When applying it, you must use personal protective equipment.

It is worth noting that when insulating a frame house with ecowool, it is necessary to hire responsible and highly qualified specialists who will take into account all its features during installation.

Insulation of a frame house with expanded clay

This insulation technology is currently used extremely rarely, because now there is a huge selection of materials with much best characteristics, but still I’ll tell you a little about it.

Expanded clay in dry form, as insulation, can be used either to insulate the floor or ceiling, and it can also be used to insulate interfloor ceilings. Using it in walls is problematic, and, in my opinion, not justified.
Very often, expanded clay insulation is combined, for example, with sawdust, ash, etc.
The difference between expanded clay insulation is that the floor and ceiling, underneath the joists, must be pierced either with a board at the joint or with some kind of plywood materials.
It is better to use expanded clay of a small fraction, thereby there will be fewer voids.

In addition to those described by me, there are many more materials and methods for insulating frame houses with your own hands. But they are all so similar that describing each of them does not make much sense.

A frame house is the dream of many people who want to get their own ideal home. However, in practice, erecting such a building is still half the battle; you also need to turn it into a cozy space in which there is a feeling of comfort at any time of the year.

Everyone dreams of a warm home. After all, no matter how beautiful your home is, with the arrival of the first cold weather you will acutely feel the need for thermal insulation. And this is especially true for frame houses, where the insulation is mounted directly into the walls. In this article we will look at how to insulate the walls of a frame house and how to do it to achieve the best result.

We insulate a frame house

Thermal insulation of frame houses is a very responsible task, because in in this case You have hollow walls, and therefore the choice of insulation fundamentally decides how cozy your home will be in the winter months. Therefore, not “how,” but “what is the best way to insulate frame walls” is the first question that should interest any owner.

Choice of insulation

All insulating materials can be broadly divided into two categories:

Organic, which include traditional insulation in the form of shavings, tyrsa, tow, etc. Some of these materials are still used to this day, but are used mainly in traditional house construction, using timber and logs as the main material.
Inorganic, which include thermal insulators such as mineral wool, expanded polystyrene and polystyrene foam. Naturally, these materials are more modern and are ideally suited for frame houses. Let's look at them in more detail:

Styrofoam. Historically, foam plastic is the most popular insulation material for frame houses. Among its advantages, the following should be noted:

Lightness of panels.
Low price.
Possibility to insulate walls with your own hands.
Polystyrene foam practically does not absorb moisture.

Disadvantages of polystyrene foam:

Flammability. When burned, produces toxic black smoke.
The sheets are fragile and often have cracks, so when purchasing you should carefully inspect each sheet.
Relative fragility. The service life of polystyrene foam is 10-20 years.

Mineral wool. Recently it has been the most popular insulation material. It is produced both in the form of a light fibrous substance and in the form of dense slabs. It has the following positive properties:

The air gaps between the fibers provide the material with high thermal insulation properties.
Good sound-absorbing qualities.
Easy to install.
Durability (service life is several times higher than that of polystyrene foam).

The disadvantages are as follows:

Fear of excess moisture. Even with slight wetting (2-3%) thermal insulating properties of this material may be cut in half. That's why this insulation should be combined with waterproofing materials.

It boasts better characteristics than mineral wool. Specific gravity this material is several times smaller, while the waterproof properties are very high.

Unlike polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene has fire resistance, resistance to chemical corrosion and high mechanical strength. Its service life is very long and exceeds 50 years.

It consists of 81% cellulose, and therefore its characteristics are very similar to wood. At the same time, it does not rot, resists fire and is absolutely non-toxic.

The disadvantages of ecowool include the need for special equipment for carrying out insulation work.

Carrying out insulation work

Having figured out how frame houses are insulated, we move directly to thermal insulation. Methods of insulation depend both on the chosen thermal insulator and the characteristics of the building itself. We will look at the most common options.

We insulate a wooden frame house

Wooden houses are known for their impermanence, and frame houses even more so. In the corners between the boards, cracks often form through which cold air easily penetrates into the room. Therefore, before insulation, it is necessary to carefully inspect the walls from the inside.

First of all, you need to identify the places from which it is blowing. Such cracks can simply be filled with polyurethane foam, which is often used to seal joints, and the insulation of the loggia can be done using foam as the main insulation. If necessary, remove the interior trim.

Installation of insulation

Insulated wall of a frame house “in section”.

Insulation should be laid between the inner and external cladding walls We should not forget about protecting the heat insulator from moisture, which can accumulate inside the frame, which contributes to the growth of mold and microbes. Therefore, a special vapor barrier film should be installed on the inside, and a layer of waterproofing on the outside is required.

Warming process frame walls very similar to thermal insulation pitched roofs, only instead of lags there is a frame.

Instructions for the behavior of thermal insulation include the following steps:

C inside We stuff cross members onto the frame in increments of 30-40 cm. We will install insulation on them.

Advice! The sheathing should be treated with special compounds that will protect the wood from dampness and pests.

In quality, since this material is excellent for insulating frame houses. WITH outside we lay insulation boards and fix them on the sheathing.

The photo shows the process of installing insulation boards into the frame of a house.

Advice! There should be no gaps between the insulation boards! If there are gaps, they should be sealed using polyurethane foam!

Now you need to install the waterproofing. As mentioned above, mineral wool reacts very poorly to moisture, and therefore it is necessary to insulate the insulation as reliably as possible. To do this, we install a waterproofing membrane on the outside. Any waterproofing material is suitable for this.

Advice! Penofol can be used as waterproofing. This material is insulation, and therefore the thermal insulation of your home will be more reliable.

A gap of 5 cm should be maintained between the waterproofing and the insulation layer.

Next, you need to create ventilation for the facade. To do this, we fill bars along the frame on top of the membrane, which have a cross-section of 25 by 50 cm.
We fill planks across these beams, forming a sheathing. Remember that everything wooden elements should be treated with special protective compounds. Otherwise, such a frame will quickly become unusable.
We attach sheets of facing material to the sheathing. Best choice are siding panels. This material is durable, easy to use and has an excellent appearance.
Now let's move on to the internal work. A vapor barrier should be installed on the inside. It is needed in order to protect the insulation from moisture penetrating from the inside of the building. The level of humidity in warm residential areas is always high, and therefore such measures are justified.

You can use the same as a vapor barrier, or purchase specially designed material. We stuff the vapor barrier onto the frame so that the foil layer faces the inside of the room.

Walls covered with penofol

On top of the vapor barrier you need to install internal lining premises. It is best to use drywall for this - this material is easy to use, low cost and reliable.

Conclusion

Insulating a frame house is a very serious and responsible process. Since the walls of such a house are hollow, laying high-quality insulation in this case is more important than ever.

But it’s not enough to choose a good thermal insulation material – you also need to be able to use it correctly, creating warmth and comfort in your home. After all, if you carry out thermal insulation work poorly, then with the arrival of the first cold weather the results will make themselves felt.

In this article, you learned what is the best way to insulate a frame house and how to perform thermal insulation in order to achieve the best results. As you can see, there are no particular difficulties in carrying out this work, and you can carry out insulation work yourself without any particular difficulties, without involving specialists in this process. This will allow you to save a lot of money family budget, because the services of masters are not cheap.

In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

Frame houses have become an excellent innovation in our country - inexpensive and quick way construction of individual buildings.

But despite a large number of advantages, these buildings have one important drawback, these buildings require additional thermal insulation, since climatic conditions on the territory of Russia, very severe.

Let's consider which insulation is better for a frame house? How to properly carry out thermal insulation work, and what insulation is best to use.

Materials for thermal insulation of houses made according to Finnish technology a lot of. Everyone has their shortcomings and positive sides, therefore, in order to understand how to choose insulation for a frame house and apply best option thermal insulation, it is worth examining in detail the most popular thermal insulators on the construction market.

Mineral wool for insulating frame structures

How to properly insulate a frame house with mineral wool? This material is often used not only construction companies, but also private developers.

This is understandable - the insulation has excellent sound absorption and retains heat excellently. Mineral wool is an environmentally friendly, fire-resistant material. A 5 cm layer of insulation is capable of retaining heat as well as brickwork half a meter thick.

The main nuance during installation basalt insulation– arrangement of a vapor barrier to protect the material from moisture. The fact is that when mineral wool gets wet, it loses its thermal insulation properties.

If you decide to use this insulation for insulation, then do not spare money on purchasing vapor barrier material and special membranes.

How to insulate with mineral wool

The insulation of the walls of a frame house is carried out using lathing, the cells of which should be in increments of 60 cm - this is important, since stone wool Available in a roll of this size. The insulator must be cut so that the wool fits between the bars with force and does not sag.

The thickness of the material is selected based on weather conditions in the region. If the climate is harsh, then it is better to use layers 20 cm thick; in mild climates, 5–10 cm is enough.

With multi-layer insulation, cold bridges may appear; to eliminate them, 5 cm slabs are laid in two layers, in cells. It is worth understanding that the guide bars must have a cross-section of 10x10. The second two layers of material are laid on top of the frame bars.

Insulating a frame house with mineral wool requires a mandatory vapor barrier, but since outer wall Since the building is already equipped with this material, it does not need to be used before installing the insulation.

After laying the insulator, you need to take care to protect the mineral wool from condensation fumes. Vapor barrier material It is sold in rolls, and it will not be possible to lay it in one sheet, so we purchase construction tape to seal the joints.

Floor insulation in a frame house is done with the same basalt wool. Only in this case, the insulator layer must be at least 20 cm. The work is carried out as when insulating frame walls.

Ecowool insulation

Eco-friendly and affordable insulation for frame houses, in the production of which waste from the production of cellulose products is used: paper, cardboard. Ecowool consists of 80% fiber and 10% antiseptic, which protects against the development of fungal formations and microorganisms.

To make the insulation less flammable, 10% special additives were introduced into its composition.

Private developers very rarely use this material to insulate their buildings. Ecowool has a number of features that some builders consider as disadvantages:

Strictly follow the standards for filling surfaces with insulation recommended by the manufacturer, otherwise during the shrinkage process areas without insulation may form.

Positive characteristics of ecowool

Many may think that such a process as insulating a frame house for winter accommodation using ecowool is impractical; this material has a lot of disadvantages.

But with strict adherence to application processes, positive characteristics material are significantly enhanced:

Low material consumption makes it cost-effective.
Ecowool has good noise-absorbing properties.
The best insulation is made from natural raw materials, which determines its environmental friendliness and safety for people living in the house.
The composition gains resistance to combustion thanks to additives, and it is worth studying the composition of the product before purchasing. If the composition contains components such as boric acid and ammonium sulfate, then it is better to refuse its use. These components give ecowool an unpleasant and persistent odor, while the fire resistance of the material practically does not decrease. You should only buy a product that contains borax.
The material is laid without seams, which is a huge advantage, since there are no cold bridges, and insulation wooden house It turns out to be of high quality and reliable.

But the decisive factor indicating the importance of using cross-insulation of a frame house from the inside with this material is the inexpensive cost in combination with positive characteristics.

Insulation of a frame house with ecowool - technological process

As is already known, there are two ways to insulate a frame house – “wet” and “dry”. You can simply spray the material on the walls by diluting it with water or glue, then you will get a great result. But most private developers go for more the simple way, and use the “dry” method of insulation, which we will consider.

So, we insulate the frame house with our own hands using ecowool according to the following algorithm:

First of all, we will undertake to insulate the floor in the house, for this a pressed briquette of material weighing 15 kg, you need to loosen it well, you can use it for this a regular drill with a special nozzle. After these steps, the volume of material will increase three times;
thermal insulation of the floor of a frame house is quite simple - the material is poured onto the rough covering between the beams with a slight excess, which will be pressed down by the weight of the board for finishing;
Let's move on to the walls. Before insulation begins, a frame is constructed from bars of the required cross-section. A vapor barrier is attached to the racks, required element when insulated with ecowool. The frame is falling apart OSB sheets so that there is a gap at the top for filling insulation. The material will compact under its own weight as it falls asleep, and the top should be well compacted.

When working on thermal insulation of a frame house with ecowool, it is worth stocking up on protective equipment: gloves, goggles and a respirator. You can significantly optimize the process by renting equipment that loosens the material and blows it out in finished form.

Linen based insulation

Linen has excellent heat-retaining parameters, this is achieved thanks to the optimal combination of density and porosity of the material.

Linen insulation is produced in several configurations:

slabs can be used to insulate a frame house from the inside;
linen strips of laminated veneer lumber construction;
tow is caulking the walls made of logs.

Due to its high density, this insulator is used for insulation of roofs, floors, partitions and attic floors, in which recreation areas are set up.

Thermal insulation made from flax fiber can be considered the most preferable for insulating a house from the inside - it is environmentally friendly, lasts for more than 70 years, does not rot, and mold does not form on it. Unlike ecowool, it is not subject to shrinkage.

Expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam - which is more practical?

Choosing insulation for a frame house is not an easy task; many nuances need to be taken into account. As for heat insulators such as polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam, both materials are successfully used to insulate a house from the inside and outside.

Polystyrene foam, of course, is inferior to its counterpart in some positive properties, but it is so cheap that many private developers prefer to use this material for home insulation.

Among the disadvantages are:

low level of sound insulation;
when burning, toxins are released;
the material is susceptible to attacks by rodents.

Thermal insulation of the facade with foam plastic

Insulating a frame house from the outside begins with preparing the surface, which needs to be leveled, cracks repaired, and primed with deep penetration impregnation.
After the facade has dried, you need to install direct hangers on it, which will prevent the slabs from moving off the surface; they will be securely fixed.
Five points of glue are applied to the foam, the edges are coated around the perimeter.
The slab with glue is pressed tightly to the surface, working from corner to corner.
The second row of foam boards is laid in a checkerboard pattern.

The glue composition is prepared in such a way that it can be produced in an hour.

Inconsistencies in the material are adjusted with a heated knife; when gaps form, they are sealed with the following compounds:

crushed foam is added to the glue;
fill with penoizol;
apply polyurethane foam.

For structural strength, the heat insulator should be attached to the surface with plastic dowels, 5 pieces each. on the stove. After this, you can apply any facing material.

Thermal insulation of a frame structure from the inside

The insulation scheme for a frame house from the room side is similar to the previous version. The only difference is in the soil used - you need a composition for interior work with antiseptic properties.

When using an insulating insulator on the inside, simple tile adhesive is used as an adhesive along with dowels.

The installed foam plastic slabs are covered with overlapping reinforcing mesh if the surface is to be puttyed, but plasterboard is often used for wall cladding. This method of thermal insulation is much simpler than insulating a frame house using ecowool.

Penoplex

Don’t know what is the best way to insulate a frame house? Buy penoplex - an analogue of polystyrene foam, only with a denser structure, which is why it costs a little more. It is also worth noting that this material is much more demanding during installation - you need to protect it from moisture and sunlight.

In custody

We built a frame house - insulation can be done either independently or with the help of a team of specialists. Is the building located in a harsh climate? Apply cross insulation, and we described in detail above how to choose an insulator and how to properly insulate a frame house.

Understanding how to insulate a frame house for winter living will allow you to use it all year round. Sound insulation in the house, comfort and durability depend on how correctly the technologies are followed.

Insulation options

Before carrying out work, it is necessary to determine whether the thermal insulation will be inside or outside the building. To do this, you should know the features of each option.

External insulation:

Does not disturb the interior of the house.
Located inside the room wooden wall can save heating as it accumulates heat.
Insulation protects the building façade from adverse influences environment(moisture, high or low temperatures And so on).

Insulating the house from the outside

Internal insulation:

Has good sound insulation.
There are no strict requirements.
No vapor barrier or waterproofing materials are required.

Insulating the house inside

However this method has a number of disadvantages, for example:

dismantling the interior decoration of the room where thermal insulation will be installed;
accumulation of moisture in the room, which shortens the service life of the building;
indoor insulation does not protect the building façade from negative impact external factors.

Features of insulation

The preparatory stage of insulating a building for winter and summer does not differ depending on the chosen material. The difference concerns only the installation process. Each of the materials used has its own characteristics.

Use of foam and EPS

Foam plastic is considered the most warm material, however, it is not the best option for insulation wooden buildings.

Using polystyrene foam as insulation

Features of using these materials:

Before laying foam plastic using polyurethane foam, it is necessary to remove all cracks and irregularities, since this material does not fit tightly.
Expanded polystyrene should not be located near combustion sources, as the material is flammable.
Foam plastic does not allow air to pass through, so care must be taken to ventilate the room, otherwise the walls in the room may become moldy.
Expanded polystyrene must be used together with waterproofing and vapor barrier, as it does not allow moisture to pass through.

Using ecowool

This material has not been used for very long, however, it can be used in the process of insulating frame and other types of buildings. The main features of this material are as follows:

Laying this material can be done either with or without a special tool. Using the tool significantly improves the thermal insulation characteristics of the room.
Ecowool absorbs moisture well, so the installation of waterproofing and vapor barriers should be treated with greater responsibility.
Ecowool shrinks, so it should be applied in excess.
When applying it, you should use personal protective equipment.

House insulation with ecowool

Important! Insulation of walls with ecowool should be carried out by qualified specialists.

Use of expanded clay

Expanded clay is used much less frequently, as it has worse characteristics compared to similar materials. Its main features:

Most often used for floors, as well as interfloor ceilings.
It is mainly combined with sawdust, ash and similar materials.
It is better to use expanded clay in small fractions, so there will be fewer empty spaces.

Using expanded clay for insulating frame houses

How to choose insulation

Before you start construction works, you need to decide how best to insulate a frame house. Insulation for residential premises must have the following characteristics:

Environmentally friendly - should not emit substances harmful to human life and health.
Fire safety - the material used should not allow fire to spread, nor should it emit a lot of smoke.
Low thermal conductivity.
Strength - the insulation should fit tightly and easily and not change shape over time.
Inexpensive.

Important! These characteristics are more suitable for polystyrene foam and.

To choose the right material for insulation, you should know what pros and cons each has.

Expanded polystyrene

It is light in weight, which is very important in insulating a frame house. This material tolerates temperature changes well, and is also not afraid of moisture and does not freeze. That is why buildings using it are durable and low cost.

Insulation with polystyrene foam

Among the disadvantages are:

flammable - highly flammable;
susceptible to mechanical and chemical damage;
does not allow air to pass through, which is why the humidity in the room is constantly increased.

Often, polystyrene foam is installed on the outside of the house.

Insulation with polystyrene foam outside the building

This material can be replaced with a similar one, namely penoplex, which is more resistant to various damages, but has a high cost.

Mineral wool

The most popular material in construction, which can be in the form of rolls, mats and slabs. Mineral wool has high performance in environmental friendliness, lightness, thermal insulation and sound insulation. Buildings using it are characterized by a long service life.

Important! Cotton wool in the form of slabs (basalt) does not burn.

When insulating, it is important to pay special attention to waterproofing, since over time the wool sags and cakes; moreover, when wet, it loses its properties and becomes an excellent environment for the formation of mold.

How is insulation done?

In order to ultimately get a warm frame house, its walls must be insulated from the inside and outside. The work process is almost the same, with a few exceptions.

Insulation from outside

For the outside, it is best to choose the cross method.

The insulation is always laid with the seams staggered to avoid the appearance of blown cracks.

The frame of the building is covered with OSB boards, which should have gaps of 2-3 mm. Subsequently, they need to be foamed.

This is what OSB boards look like

Next, waterproofing is stretched, which protects both the walls of the house and the insulation from moisture and other adverse environmental influences. Usually the waterproofing has self-adhesive strips, if there are none, the knocks between them should be sealed with tape.

Connecting insulation joints

Each layer of insulation should be laid in such a way as to overlap the previous one by 15-20 cm.
The thickness of the insulation is approximately 15 cm.
After laying the insulation, all voids are filled with polyurethane foam.

Insulation of walls inside the house

After the frame house is completely insulated for winter living, you can begin interior decoration. For this:

The first layer of thermal insulation is laid, the thickness of which is 5 cm.
Then the insulation is laid in the frame house, the thickness of which is 10 cm. The entire frame between the posts is filled with it.
Then a vapor barrier is attached, which prevents steam from entering the insulation. They are laid with the rough side outward and the smooth side facing the thermal insulation.
The bars are installed on top of it.

Important! The insulation cannot be pushed in by force or compacted, since the heat in the room depends on the voids inside it.

Insulation is also installed in the partitions between rooms. For the most part, it is required for sound insulation. To do this, slabs are installed with a layer of 10 mm. No vapor barrier is required here, since the temperature is separated rooms will be the same.

Instead of vapor barrier, glassine is used here. It prevents dust from the insulation from entering the room.

Don’t forget about insulating corners in a frame house. This can be done different ways. So, warm corner can be done by constructing a structure of two boards, with special stands made of blocks, and insulating the space between such structures with mineral wool.

Ceiling insulation

It is better to carry out the work before the roof is completely assembled, so it will not interfere with the density of the installation.

The entire insulation process consists of the following stages:

Inside the house, on the ceiling beams, a vapor barrier is stretched, and a 25 mm thick board is placed on it.

Ceiling beams and vapor barrier

Insulation is laid on top, between which there should be no voids, tightly covering each layer.

Important! When laying insulation on the ceiling, you should make a small protrusion on the walls.

If insulation is not required in the attic, then the membrane film should not be stretched. A board or plywood is nailed to the attic floor.
If it is not possible to insulate the ceiling from the outside, then this is done inside, and it should be tied up so that it does not fall off. After this, sew on waterproofing, and then on board or plywood.

Indoor ceiling waterproofing

Roof insulation

Often, both the roof and the ceiling in a frame house are insulated. This happens in cases where attic space used as a second floor for living and heated.

The work process is practically no different from insulating the ceiling. The only exception is that when insulating the roof, waterproofing must be stretched over the material, which will protect it from environmental influences.

Features of roof insulation:

It is better to insulate from the outside, since doing it inside is inconvenient and unsafe. Many materials tend to crumble on the face.
Once installed rafter system, a vapor barrier is sewn underneath, onto which sheathing material, board or plywood is stuffed.
Sheets of insulation are placed outside. This is done in the same way as when insulating walls, ceilings, etc.
Waterproofing is placed on top, on which the counter-lattice, sheathing and roofing are installed.

Insulation of the roof inside is carried out only if it is completely assembled.

Roof insulation

Floor insulation

Floor insulation should begin with preparatory work. This should be done before installing the frame of the house.

If the land where the building is located is clay with high level water, then a water drainage system should be installed.

After this, inside the foundation, soil is removed 40-50 cm and installed drainage system. Afterwards it is covered with a sand and gravel cushion. After this, you can install the frame.

Floor insulation

If this step is skipped, you can use expanded clay. To do this, the surface is first leveled, and then the above material is poured. It is desirable that it contains fractions from 10-40 mm. After this, you can arrange the floor.

How to choose a filler

The best insulation for floors is considered to be mineral wool, polyester, steel shavings, etc. They are easy to install, use, environmentally friendly and fireproof. However, they have increased requirements for vapor barrier and waterproofing.

You can also use materials such as:

Polystyrene is lightweight, resistant to adverse influences and has a long service life. It can be regular (less durable, fireproof) and extruded - it has low thermal conductivity and moisture absorption.

Installing this type of insulation is simple: the sheets are placed end to end, and an edge strip is installed along the entire perimeter of the floor.

Expanded clay and slag - has low thermal conductivity and is light in weight.
is an insulating foil that is rarely used as an independent insulation material.
Edge tape - This is used to edge the entire perimeter of the house before the insulation is installed.

Floor insulation in stages

Floor insulation in a frame house is carried out between the profiles. That is why it is better to choose a dry screed; it is easier to work with.

The process of insulation on the ground:

Sand and crushed stone must be compacted well, then install brick columns. This will be the basis for the profiles.
Laying waterproofing. This could be bitumen paper or polyethylene film. Its height depends on the floor level; it is worth considering that the waterproofing should protrude slightly onto the walls.
It is necessary to leave a small gap at the junction of the floor and walls; edge insulation will be placed in it.

Stages of floor insulation on the ground

The most simple technology Floor insulation is made from bulk materials. This insulation is applied perpendicular to the joists along the entire perimeter of the room, while pressing tightly.

Floor insulation using slabs

The base of the floor does not play any role in the technology of laying insulation, but this should be taken into account when choosing a material for these purposes. So, if there are logs on the base of the floor, then a mineral wool slab is best suited as insulation, and hard materials for a concrete floor. In any case, the process of laying thermal insulation is as follows:

After laying the logs, from both sides to the bottom, bars are filled and the flooring is assembled from antiseptic tongue-and-groove boards.
Glassine is spread on top of this - this is roofing cardboard impregnated with bitumen.
Insulation is placed on top.
After this, a vapor barrier film is placed, which protects the insulation from condensation.

What work is carried out after insulating the house?

After the thermal insulation is installed, it’s time to equip supporting system for ventilated cladding, as well as a surface for finishing. As for finishing, wind and water protection of the insulation can be provided by a layer of plaster.

As for the exterior finishing, you should take care of the installation of the panels in advance. To ensure that the sheathing is strong enough, the frame posts must be installed frequently. After fixing the waterproof membrane with staples to the frame, it is lined with slats, the thickness of which is about 25-30 mm. This ensures that any water that gets inside can drain out, as well as ventilation.

The wall of a frame house looks like this: interior lining– vapor barrier – insulation – wooden frame – membrane – counter-lattice – façade finishing.

Exterior decoration of the house after insulation

When arranging walls for plastering work, they are used sheet materials, which perfectly remove steam and prevent condensation. The sheets prevent the insulation from blowing through.

The internal wall looks like this: internal cladding - vapor barrier - wooden frame - insulation - membrane - counter-lattice - external cladding - base plaster - plaster mesh - plaster.

Recently, frame houses are increasingly gaining popularity. Therefore, you should know how to insulate a frame house so that it is suitable for living in both winter and summer. However, it should be taken into account that the insulation must also be reliably protected from the negative effects of the environment, because moisture that gets into it leads to the formation of condensation, and it has a detrimental effect on this material. Therefore, it is imperative to use high-quality waterproofing.

Frame houses are prefabricated structures and are the main type of residential buildings in the USA, Canada, Finland, Germany and Sweden. With the advent of the new millennium, frame construction technology is finding more and more supporters among our compatriots. However, the climate of the above countries is still milder, therefore, in most of Russia, the construction of a frame house requires the use additional insulation. This short article will tell you about some of its types.

Insulation, as well as any other material used in the construction of frame houses, has a number of requirements. The most important among them are:

Lightness, since most residential frame buildings are built on lightweight types of foundations (pile, columnar, etc.). However, if another type of foundation is used, then this requirement can be neglected;
Resistance to flame and high temperatures is one of the main requirements in a wooden house;
Resistance to a humid environment, especially if natural “breathable” materials are used for interior decoration;
The ability to ensure tightness, i.e. minimal number of seams, or better yet, their complete absence;
Elasticity, since frame houses tend to “move” throughout their entire service life, this occurs due to alternating drying out and moisture gain by the wood;
Long service life without loss of thermal insulation qualities. True, this requirement is not so critical, since it is quite easy to open the wall of a frame house and replace the old insulation, but it is still better to do without it;
Environmentally friendly and safe for human and domestic animal health. This requirement probably does not need additional comments.

Main types of insulation

Progress in all spheres of human life does not stand still, including in the construction industry, so every year new types of insulation for walls, floors and ceilings, foundations, etc. appear on the building materials market. If just a couple of decades ago, only mineral wool, sawdust (shavings), and expanded clay with slag were available to the average person, today it is much richer. In addition to the above, these include:

Ecowool;
Sprayed polyurethane foam.

Mineral or basalt wool is one of the most popular insulation materials for frame residential premises. This material is flame resistant and high temperatures, environmentally friendly, has good sound insulation. The last property is very important in frame buildings. To understand what thermal insulation characteristics mineral wool has, it will suffice to say that a layer of this material 50 mm thick is equal in properties to the thickness brickwork at 580 mm.

Regarding the insulation technology itself, the construction of the frame is carried out initially with the expectation that slabs of mineral (basalt) wool will be used. Between racks wooden frame leave a distance of 60 cm, which is equal to standard width thermal insulation material.

Basalt slabs should be laid tightly so that there is not too much free space between them and the outer and inner walls, but they should not be pressed too hard, as over time this can lead to damage to the material and the formation of “cold bridges.”

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) in boards is a foamed thermoplastic, which consists of fused granules. This may seem surprising, but the insulation boards themselves consist of 98% air, which fills both the granules themselves and the space between them, and only 2% polystyrene. Of all types of insulation for frame structures polystyrene foam boards are the lightest.

With prolonged exposure, polystyrene foam is affected by vegetable, animal and paraffin oils, fats, diesel fuel and petroleum jelly.

EPS is unstable to various types of organic solvents, but it does not dissolve or swell in water, practically does not absorb moisture, is durable and resistant to rotting. This material is not digestible by animals and microorganisms, therefore it is not used by them as food and does not provide a breeding ground for bacteria and fungi. Ecowool, which consists of 80% cellulose and 20% various components (binders and fire retardants), in our country it relatively recently began to be used as insulation for frame houses, although, for example, in the States this material was found wide application back in the 70s of the last century. For comparison, it must be said that a layer of ecowool 130 mm thick in its thermal insulation characteristics

equivalent to the thickness of an aerated concrete wall of 600 mm. Essentially, ecowool is waste from paper production that has been treated with brown acid or ammonium sulfates (prevent burning) and boric acid

(prevents rotting). It is resistant to combustion, harmless to the health of people and animals, does not rot and rodents are not very fond of it. However, when choosing this material, you need to take into account this feature: ammonium sulfates and phosphates, when interacting with boric acid, lose their flame retardant properties over time. In addition, these connections can become a source unpleasant odor

. Therefore, you should purchase ecowool that uses only brown acid (borax) as a fire retardant, which does not lose its properties and is odorless. Another bulk insulation material is waste from wood processing enterprises - sawdust. Perhaps this is the most cheap way

insulate the house. Some furniture production shops give away sawdust free of charge if a person independently removes the waste from the territory.

Thus, sawdust from chipboard, fiberboard, MDF panels and other materials, in the production of which various binding components are used, are not suitable not only for reasons environmental safety, but also because they are too small and are, in fact, fine dust.

In addition to being cheap, sawdust also has a number of other advantages:

Absolute harmlessness to others;
Excellent thermal insulation characteristics;
Excellent sound-absorbing properties.

However, there are also a number of disadvantages. So, for example, low cost can be offset by the need to use manual labor when forming a thermal insulation layer.

Sawdust tends to caking over time, which after some time will force work to open the walls and replace them.

If you do not add lime when filling, the sawdust will begin to rot quite quickly. Mice and rats also have a rather strange love for this material, so the outer parts of the walls should be well protected from their penetration. The figure below shows a possible scheme for insulating the walls of a frame house using sawdust.

Expanded clay has been used as insulation for almost a century. A huge advantage of expanded clay is its almost one hundred percent resistance to fire, as well as its environmental friendliness, because it is made from light-alloy clay or shale rock by swelling and firing. The method of producing expanded clay determines the porosity of its structure, which, in turn, makes it light and soundproof. Also, expanded clay granules are not subject to rotting and small rodents are not very fond of them. Over time, it does not lose its properties.

True, this material also has a full set of disadvantages.

Firstly, the relative fragility of the granules does not allow for great efforts to be made during compaction when filling into the walls, which can result in the formation of significant voids and “cold bridges”.

Secondly, expanded clay is hygroscopic, and the absorbed moisture is not released, but dries out gradually, that is, when used in rooms or climates with high humidity, the walls will constantly absorb water.

According to the shape and size of the fractions, expanded clay is divided into three varieties:
Crushed stone. The granules of this fraction are large, acute-angled, the size ranges from 20 to 40 mm.
Gravel. The granules are oval in shape, the size is about 10–20 mm.

To insulate frame houses, you need to use a mixture of all three factions, where 60–70% should be gravel, 20% sand and 10% crushed stone.

Instead of expanded clay, slag is sometimes used, but this material is quite harmful to health and does not provide proper thermal insulation.

Polyurethane foam (PPU) itself is part of the group of gas-filled plastics, which are based on polyurethane. Just like expanded polystyrene, this insulation consists of 90% air. Sprayed polyurethane foam is used to insulate frame houses. The use of this material allows not only to get rid of the need to install vapor barriers and wind and moisture protection from membrane materials, but also to significantly reduce the money and time costs for construction load-bearing frame

structures. But the thickness of the polyurethane foam layer should be at least 120–200 mm (200–300 mm when using extruded polystyrene). Only a house with such a layer of polyurethane foam insulation can be considered truly energy-saving. A layer of polyurethane foam with a thickness of 70–80 mm corresponds to SNiP for enclosing wall structures, while a layer of 100–120 mm corresponds to SNiP for enclosing roof structures. Spraying polyurethane foam perfectly solves the problem of “cold bridges”, and also copes with the rather difficult task of attaching such building structures , like doors and windows, which can only be installed using this material. Polyurethane foam excludes possible problems with distortions and shrinkage, which is very important in a frame house. Another quite significant advantage of this type of insulation: it performs protective function

for frame elements. All wooden racks

, beams, logs and are completely protected from rotting (although they must be completely dry before installation), since polyurethane foam has extremely low vapor permeability and is practically impenetrable to oxygen.

However, the last of these properties forces frame houses to be equipped with high-quality ventilation. The thickness of the thermal insulation layer depends on several factors. The first and main thing is the type of insulation. The second is the climate of the area where frame housing is being built. For example, if in the Krasnodar region 100 mm is enough (2 layers of standard slabs), then in the Arkhangelsk region you will need 200 mm, and 150 mm (3 layers) should be located between the frame posts, and 50 mm (1 layer) must be fixed outside in order to cover all frame beams and prevent the formation of “cold bridges”.

Of course, when calculating required quantity thermal insulation material can be guided by life observations, asking neighbors, friends and acquaintances of self-taught builders who have already dealt with frame houses, but it is better to use scientific approach and apply a simple formula: δth = R x λut, where λth is the thermal conductivity of the insulation, and R is the thermal resistance of the walls. You can consider applying the formula to specific example: during the construction of a frame house, where interior walls made of plywood 6 mm thick, and external ones made of OSB boards 9 mm thick, it is necessary to calculate the thickness of the basalt wool layer.

The thermal resistance of the walls of any residential building located in the Moscow region should average R=3.20 m2*0C/W. This value varies depending on the region. Information about the thermal conductivity of a particular material can be found in the product certificate; its presence in it is mandatory; the absence of it should alert the buyer, as this may be evidence of poor quality and even harmful to health material.

The thickness of the thermal insulation layer for a frame structure is determined by the same formula: δth = R x λth. Basalt wool has a thermal conductivity value of 0.045 W/m*0C, so in this case the thickness of the insulation layer should be δth = R x λth = 3.20 x 0.045 = 0.14 m. That is, 2 layers of slabs are needed, as already mentioned higher when comparing the construction of a frame house in the Arkhangelsk region and the Krasnodar region.

Video

Watch the selection video the best insulation for a frame house.

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