DIY chandelier from scrap materials: detailed master classes. How to make a lampshade (plafond) at home How to make a lamp with your own hands from scrap materials

Manufacturing instructions:

1. First of all, cut out an opening in the front panel of the lamp. To do this, you need to mark future cutouts. Using a drill and a drill, holes are drilled in the corners so that the edge of the hole only reaches the marked line, but does not go beyond it.

Cutting out the openings

3. It is necessary to make holes for the acrylic wall holders. To do this, the front part is laid on the back and aligned as if these two parts were already installed. The contours of the cutouts are transferred to the back wall.

On the back side of the front panel of the lamp and on the front side of the rear panel, lines are drawn 8 mm lower than the cutouts. Five holes are drilled along each line - their depth should be 210 mm. Then acrylic wall holders will be installed in them. The diameter is selected according to the diameter of the holder.

Making holes for the holders

4. Now all that remains is to drill the holes for the dowels. The side parts are installed on the front panel as they will be fixed. It is better to use templates to mark the hole - without them it is easy to make a mistake. Using an 8 mm drill, make three holes in the end parts of the side parts.

Making holes in the side parts

5. The front panel is glued to the sides. To do this, glue is applied to the holes for the dowels. Glue must also be applied to the surfaces of the parts. Then the dowels are inserted. Next, the structure is fastened together, the connections are tightened with clamps.

Glue the sides to the front

6. Now you need to connect the front panel with the installed side panels to the rear part. First to back wall narrow sidewalls are screwed on. Using dowels, the rear part of the structure is secured to the wall. All that remains is to mount the front part of the structure to the rear. The front part is leveled and attached using self-tapping screws.

Connecting the front and back parts

7. Cosmetics are done - everything is sanded, then the holes for the screws and connections are puttied.

Sand the surface and putty

Paint it in the desired color

There is no doubt that properly executed kitchen lighting sets the tone for the entire interior. A chandelier can become the central element in this cozy and warm room.

Using scrap materials - or even waste - you can make a lampshade from threads, an eco-style lamp from jute twine or plastic bottles, or you can make a real masterpiece – beautiful chandelier from wooden or glass beads.

You can also not only hang a lamp made by yourself in the kitchen or dining area, but also give it to your loved ones as a gift.

Method 1. From scrap materials - anyone can do it!

The simplest DIY lamp is made from threads. Indeed, even a child can handle such a design. So, to make a chandelier from threads, we will need:

• Threads - you can take regular jute twine or thick cotton threads, total length at least 100 meters, the color is chosen based on your imagination and the existing interior;
• PVA glue and brush for applying it;
• Petrolatum;
• 2 balloon– one for work, the second for testing; It is better to take a round ball, not an ordinary one, then the shape of the lamp will be the correct shape.

Advice! A children's or rubber beach ball will also work. For very large lamps, a fitball, for example, is suitable.

Work on creating a ball of thread is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Inflating the balloon required sizes. Do not forget that the resulting lampshade made of threads will repeat the shape of the ball. Using a marker, draw one or two circles at the top and bottom (more at the bottom).
2. Pour glue into a container and carefully process the threads. And the ball itself can be coated with Vaseline with a brush.

Advice! You should not apply glue to all the threads at once - it is better to move along the place of winding.

1. Next comes winding the threads around the ball, taking into account the drawn holes - the density of the winding determines how your lampshade will ultimately turn out.

1. After the ball is wrapped, you need to leave the future chandelier to dry for at least 24 hours.
2. The ball bursts and its remains are easily removed from the now solid structure. The result was a lampshade made of solid threads.
3. A hole is cut at the top to accommodate the cartridge.
4. You need to check the strength - another balloon is inserted into the lamp and inflated. This will demonstrate the flexibility of the design.

In this way, you can also create local lighting in the kitchen by creating several lamps from threads with your own hands. Or you can hang it in the dining area, as shown in the photo.

Don’t forget that for a ball of thread you can make additional decor in the form of interesting coloring, beads, butterflies or artificial flowers, or you can make a whole bunch of balls different sizes.

Using the same principle, you can come up with your own unique design lamp For example, made of lace, or a ceiling lamp as in the photo below.

Method 2. Creating a masterpiece - you need to try!

You can get excellent kitchen lighting if you make your own lamp from beads or fabric. You will get a lamp in style or a real candelabra chandelier.

For this job you will need:

• An old hoop, garden basket, hanging metal planter, or wire to create a frame;
• Decorative chains;
• Beads, beads, ribbons, strong threads;
• Lamp socket.

The lamp will be a two- or three-level structure of rings located one above the other and connected by chains or wire.

Rings can be taken in different sizes, creating a lampshade in the spirit of a vintage classic, or the same size - this is exactly the kind of lighting that is done in.

The base of the lamp is certainly painted, wrapped or decorated, after which they begin to string the beads.

The consumption of beads in this project is as follows:

Bottom part: beads with a diameter of 16 mm, 15 pcs. on a thread;

Upper part: beads with a diameter of 12 mm, 31-32 pcs. on the thread.

Here you can vary the degree of tension and the number of threads.

Advice! The work should be carried out by first hanging the chandelier and inserting a socket into it.

By analogy, you can create a chandelier from artificial fruits for the kitchen. And subdued lighting will be achieved if you use fabric to cover the frame. As a rule, such a lampshade is made for country and country styles.

Method 3. Lamps made from waste materials - for a modern kitchen!

Most original lamp can be made from this waste material, like plastic bottles and disposable spoons - they are beautiful, cheap and environmentally friendly!

We make a lampshade in a minimalist style and - no additional decorations from threads or beads, only matte white or colored plastic. To make such dim kitchen lighting with your own hands, we will need:

• Base made from 5 liter plastic bottle;
• Cartridge with wire and lamp;
• Glue for high-quality fixation;
• Lots of disposable spoons.

To make a chandelier with your own hands, cut out the bottom of the bottle and cut off the handles of the spoons (not completely, so that a small handle remains). Using glue, we fix the cut spoons on the base bottle. They need to be placed evenly, in a row, then the lampshade will look attractive.

Advice! Each next row overlaps, without gaps.

The resulting chandelier will resemble fish scales. However, it should be remembered that this design is quite dense, which means that additional lighting will definitely be needed in the kitchen.

The shape of the lamp can be different, for example, in the form of a lotus.

You can also make such decorations from disposable spoons.

A lamp made from plastic bottles, or rather from their bottoms, made with your own hands, may seem like lace or consisting of many small flowers.

Advice! Such a lampshade can be made not white, but colored - which means you need to take colored bottles or paint it with paint original color: copper, gold, steel, pink, black, etc.

The resulting lampshade can be hung in the kitchen or above the dining table.

Let your kitchen be cozy and bright! We wish you creative success and present some more wonderful ideas for making kitchen lamps with your own hands from improvised materials.

Lighting is the most important component of the interior. The coziness and level of comfort of our home depends on lighting. The play of light and shadow allows you to play up the winning moments of the interior and divert attention from the unsuccessful moments. And also - lamps, floor lamps, chandeliers and lamps create the atmosphere that we call “home”. They will help you make your home “your own”, personal and individual. unique lamps And The best way- make a lampshade with your own hands. Homemade lampshades and lampshades are the thing that will make your home stand out from others.

A few words about security

In the manufacture of lamps, floor lamps and chandeliers in industrial conditions calculation is made in advance minimum distance from the “body” of the lamp to the materials. This distance depends on the power and thermal radiation of the lamp and on the type (flammability) of the material from which the lampshade/shade is made. At home, it is unlikely that anyone will bother with such calculations. And in order not to create dangerous situation, you should adhere to certain rules.

In general, after making a lampshade and installing it, in the first few days pay attention to whether the lampshade is heating up. Heating is any increase in temperature above environment. If the lampshade feels “warm”, change the bulb to a less powerful one. Check again. Do this until the homemade lampshade gets warm.

Where to get the frame

If you want to remake an old lamp, floor lamp, sconce whose old lampshade has become unusable, you can simply use the existing base, stripping old material. Before starting work, take a good look at the frame; if there is rust or damaged coating somewhere, maybe you should strip everything off and paint it again? At the same time, the color can be changed. If there are no old frames, you can buy an inexpensive lamp (in a store or at a flea market) and do the same operations with it. By the way, good lampshades can be made from waste baskets. There are wire ones and there are plastic ones. The main thing is to find the right shape and size. Then make a hole in the bottom for the cartridge. Then it’s a matter of decoration/plating, but here there are a lot of options.

If this method is not available, you can make a lampshade without a frame (there are some) or make the frame yourself. The material for making a frame for a lampshade with your own hands is: wire, wood (wooden or bamboo sticks, specially cut elements), plastic bottles.

How to make a frame for a homemade lampshade from wire

The wire for the lamp frame needs aluminum or steel. Aluminum is easy to work with, but it wrinkles easily. This is not very important when the lampshade is already in use, but this fact must be taken into account during work: the shape can be ruined. On the other hand, such plasticity allows you to easily and simply make changes to the shape during work. So it's a good option. Aluminum wire can be “mined” from electrical cables. You will have to remove the protective shell and you can use it.

Steel wire is more elastic, so it retains its shape well. You can look for it on the construction market. It's more difficult to work with. It is advisable to have strong male hands nearby.

In addition to the wire, you will need powerful wire cutters and pliers for the job. The lampshade frame usually consists of two rings and posts connecting them. The shape of the future lampshade depends on the size of the rings and the shape of the stands. Questions may arise regarding the number of racks and methods of their fastening. The number of posts depends on the size of the rings and how “round” you want the lampshade to be. How more racks, the more “smooth” the fabric will lie. So it's up to you to choose, but optimal distance between the posts in the bottom circle - about 5-6 cm.

Techniques for creating a wire lampshade frame

How you attach the stack to the lampshade rings depends on the thickness and type of wire, as well as the tools you have. The easiest one is to make a small hook at the end, then clamp it tightly. To prevent the ring from sliding left and right, first treat the wire at the attachment point sandpaper with large grains. This is an option for thick aluminum wire. If the wire is steel, with a diameter of 1.2-2 mm or more, the best way is. Thinner wire can be bent and wrapped around a ring or also made into a hook.

If you make hooks, wrap wire, appearance It turns out far from being as perfect as factory frames. But this imperfection will be covered by the lampshade itself. If you still care about it, find the tape suitable color(usually matched to the color of the lampshade) and carefully wrap the resulting frame. It will get much better. The tape can be coated with PVA glue and, wet, tightly, turn by turn, wrapped around the frame.

Wire mesh

If you can find a mesh of thin wire, you can quickly make an almost perfect cylindrical lampshade for a floor lamp, table lamp, night light, lampshade for installing a candle, etc. All you need to do is cut a piece of mesh of the required length and width, roll it into a ring and secure the wires by wrapping them around the posts.

To prevent the mesh from straightening out, when cutting a piece, cut so that there are long free ends on both sides. We will use them to fasten the cylindrical lampshade. And the imperfection of the upper and lower rings can be masked with a ribbon of the desired color.

From a five liter plastic bottle

An interesting shaped lampshade can be made from a large plastic bottle. There are bottles for 5-6 liters and even 10. These are what you can use. Cut off the top or bottom of the container, depending on what you like best. In the cut off part we make a ring for the cartridge. If cut off top part, for some cartridges you can use a neck. For those with a larger diameter, it will have to be cut off.

Then we cut out the excess plastic and form the rims and pillars of the lampshade. To avoid mistakes, you can first draw all the lines with a marker. It will be easier to cut. Everything is elementary. Then we just decorate. And yes, it is necessary to cut out the plastic, otherwise warm air there will be nowhere to go.

Making lampshades on a frame

There are enough options for how to make a lampshade cover:

From tapes

The simplest and quick way transform an old lampshade for a floor lamp or table lamp - use ribbons. You need a frame or lampshade in the form of a cylinder. It can be “naked” or covered with fabric. If you use a “bare” frame, light will shine through the cracks, which will create interesting lighting effects, but the lighting will be uneven. It's uncomfortable to read in this light. interior solution. If you need even lighting, first cover the frame with fabric. It can be the same color as the ribbons, a couple of shades darker or lighter, or it can be contrasting. It all depends on your desire. And remember that the darker the fabric, the less light the lampshade transmits.

We take a ribbon 1-2.5 cm wide. We fix it on the wrong side of the lampshade using PVA glue, additionally securing it with a pin. If you took a wire frame without fabric, attach it to the upper or lower rim (you can sew it on by hand, you can use glue). Then we begin to wrap the entire frame, from top to bottom, placing the turns of tape close to each other, but without overlapping.

Having completed the circle, turn the tape 90°. We fix it in this position (with a needle and thread or PVA glue, glue from a gun, temporarily fixing it with a pin, pressing it with a clothespin). Then we pass the tape under the first tape, pull it out, lay it on top of the second, then pull it down again, pull it up through one tape. So, gradually, we create an interlacing, filling the entire lampshade.

Alternatively, you can pass two vertical ribbons at a time. But then you need to make sure that each next row moves one crossbar. Then you get a different type of weave. This type of lampshade is ideal for floor lamps, since the light will be directed downwards and the dispersion through the walls will be small.

In this version, the ribbons can be the same, they can be the same color but of different textures, they can differ by a couple of tones or be contrasting. The tapes can be passed in a circle in a continuous stream, or at some distance. If you find a wide tape and overlap it, then you won’t need horizontal ones at all. And if you use a braided or twisted cord (on bottom photo on the right), we get a completely different-looking lampshade. So this lampshade finishing technique alone gives you a lot of options.

Let's briefly present the ideas. There are many options for how you can design standard frames for lampshades in a non-standard way. The first method has already been announced: you can knit or crochet a cover for a lampshade. Several options in the photo.

Not everyone knows how to knit. It is easier to work with beads, especially if you glue them. You can decorate old fabric using beads, sequins, beads different shapes and sizes. You can make this “new-old” lampshade with your own hands in a couple of hours. Select decorations that match the color, coat the fabric with PVA glue, and stick on the decorations. To complete the look, you can assemble pendants from beads and beads that are attached to the lower rim, but this is already painstaking work. The effect is interesting though.

You can sew a new lampshade from fabric. But it doesn’t have to be an updated copy of the old one. You should use your imagination! If a lamp or floor lamp is in the girls' room, new case The lampshade can be made into a skirt. You choose the style of the skirt yourself. They look interesting when folded. With and without ruffles.

In a boy's room you can use an old one geographical map. They are on thick paper. If the paper is not thick enough, you first need to glue the card onto the cardboard, and then glue the lampshade from such a blank.

Original lampshades are obtained if the finished frame is woven with threads or ropes. Ropes can be natural. In this case they are gray, brown and beige. You can find thin synthetic colored cords. They will make products that are more “cheerful” in color. The situation is even simpler with knitting threads. They are thin, thick, textured, with smoothly changing colors. In general, there are a lot of options.

We take the frame and braid it according to a certain pattern. You can start with the racks. Braid each stand with a braid (the length of the threads should be 3 times the height of the stand). When this work is completed, we begin to stretch the threads/ropes between the posts. They will need to be passed through the braids, so with threads it is more convenient to do this with a needle, but ropes can be inserted this way.

The second option is to first entangle the entire frame horizontally, and then braid the racks. The braid won't work here, you just need to secure the turns to the stand using inclined stitches with a certain slope. This option is somewhat simpler in execution, but the “braids” look more decorative.

Homemade lampshades without frame

Many materials are rigid enough to hold their shape on their own, but at the same time they are flexible enough to make something interesting out of them. Such homemade lampshades Well, a lot. And almost all of them are worth your attention. We will present here only part, the other part will go in the section with photos (see below).

From knitted lace doilies

Many people have crocheted napkins and they lie in “stashes”, because it’s a pity to throw them away and they don’t know how to use them. There are very interesting idea- make a lampshade out of them for a suspended chandelier. In addition to napkins, you will need a large one balloon or an inflatable ball, glue for heavy wallpaper (vinyl, silk-screen printing, etc.), brush.

Soak the glue according to the instructions and wait until it swells. We inflate a balloon or take a ball and hang it up. When the glue is ready, lay out a napkin on some clean surface, coat it with glue, and place it on the ball.

It must be laid out in such a way that there will be a hole in the center for the cartridge. We glue the napkins one by one. They need to be laid out so that the edges overlap slightly. When all the napkins are laid out, coat them with glue again and leave until dry. When the glue has dried, deflate the ball or ball (the ball can be pierced, if you don’t mind) and take it out through the hole. That's all, the lace lampshade is ready.

In some cases there are problems with how ready-made lampshade hang on the cartridge. The problem can be solved simply - take a transparent plastic bottle, cut off its neck, if necessary, expand the hole to the required size (so that it fits tightly onto the cartridge), then cut the plastic so that you get a ring 5-7 cm wide. Coat this ring with PVA glue , and glue it to the lampshade from the inside of the ball.

Round lampshades made of threads

Almost the same technology can be used to produce round and semicircular stylish lampshades. Choose threads of a suitable color. Their composition is absolutely unimportant - what matters is color, thickness and texture. They can be shaggy, smooth, twisted, thinner and thicker. The appearance depends on this. It is most convenient to work with cotton threads of medium thickness. They absorb glue well and then, after drying, keep their shape perfectly.

You will also need a ball or ball. This will be the base of the lampshade, which gives the shape. You can choose the dimensions of the base as desired. The threads will need to be glued together; for this you will need PVA glue. It is poured into a container and diluted with water in a 1:1 ratio.

You can use other glue. It is important that it becomes transparent after drying. This is WB-29 from TYTAN Professional and D2 glue for carpentry. If you use any of these types of glue, read the instructions.

On the ball or sphere we will draw a circle, which will be slightly smaller in size than the lamp socket. On the opposite side, draw a larger circle - this will be the lower edge of the lampshade. Now everything is ready, we can start.

We coat the threads with glue and wind them around the ball in a chaotic manner. It’s more convenient to do this if the glue is poured into a container - you can put the whole skein in there and just pull the thread slowly. With glue in a tube, everything is not so comfortable: you have to coat sections up to a meter long, wrap it around, and coat it again. It takes much longer. This is if you do not use PVA. But the products turn out to be more rigid and do not sag or change shape over time, as can happen with PVA thread lampshades.

When winding threads around the ball, carefully go around the drawn circles. If you accidentally climbed into the “forbidden territory”, simply move the threads, forming an even (more or less even) edge. When the threads run out or you decide that the density is enough, the process can be stopped. We tuck the edge of the thread between the others. All. Next, coat the ball with wound threads again with glue (PVA can be poured over) and leave to dry (at least 2 days). To prevent the ball from rolling, we find a bowl or pan and use it as a stand.

The last stage is to deflate the ball or ball. If the ball has a nipple, press it with a thin wire, releasing the air. We take out the deflated ball. That's all, you can thread the lamp inside and test the lampshade.

The technology is the same, but the appearance is very different...

Using the technology described above, you can make not only round lampshades. Rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal. Choose a base that is easy to remove, wind threads soaked in glue, braid, even sticks, newspaper tubes etc. After drying, remove the base and now you have made a lampshade with your own hands. A couple of examples in the photo below.

You can also use chopsticks... Just wrap the ball with cling film and use transparent carpentry glue rather than PVA glue

It's pasty polymer clay in a tube, which was applied to a milk carton, then dried and the bag was removed...

Creative homemade shades for lamps, floor lamps and chandeliers

It’s simply amazing what people don’t make beautiful and unusual things out of. A lampshade made from a cup, grater, bottle, beer or glass jar, metal parts and beer can rings... It seems everything can be used...

Lampshade made from an old sieve... stylish

Candlesticks turn into lamps... without lampshades

You can't tell in real life, but these lampshades are made from hooks used to open metal drink cans and canned goods... if you paint them, it will be even more interesting

Don't know what to do with grandma's crystal? Make lampshades out of it...

Materials

The most suitable and available materials- this is paper and textile. They are easy to transform, each of us is familiar with them and can be found in everyone. home. Wonderful lamps are also obtained from threads or yarn. Naturally, glass can also be used for lampshades. At home, these are ordinary or unusual, with an interesting shape, jars or bottles. In particularly daring projects we have noticed plastic containers, and coffee packaging, and plastic children's toys.

In addition, do not discard options such as rattan, bamboo and rubber. The basis for a future product can be either just raw materials or already ready product. For example, designers have become adept at creating delightful lampshades from beads, globes, parts of sets, mirror shards and even crumpled sheets of music! You just have to take a closer look at the objects around you...

Understanding how difficult it is to move from thought to action, especially to see an exquisite accessory in an ordinary jar, we have prepared several master classes for you. Following step by step instructions, you can easily make handmade new things dear to your heart for any room in the house.

Ideas and their implementation

Since we have already mentioned the materials suitable for making lampshades and lampshades, let’s start with paper.

Lamp with butterflies

For work we will need:

• white thin cardboard
• thin twine or fishing line
• glue gun
• wire for frame
• utility knife or scissors
• round pliers

Advice! Before you start work, decide on the dimensions of the finished lampshade. In our example, the diameter is 30 cm, which means we need a piece of cardboard 90 cm long.

1. We make a frame. Cut a piece of wire 96-98 cm long. Roll the wire into a circle with a diameter of 30 cm and secure the ends with pliers.
2. We cut 3 hanging elements from twine or fishing line. We measure the length of the pieces based on the height at which you plan to hang the lamp. We tie them to the wire in three places, evenly distributing the load.
3. Draw butterflies of different sizes on cardboard and cut them out.
4. We fold the cardboard, glue the joint with a strip of thick paper or staple it with a stapler.
5. We fix the upper part on the wire. For this you can use both glue and thin wire.
6. The places of joints and cuts can be decorated with butterflies remaining after cutting.
   Look what an elegant lamp we have created. It will fit perfectly into both a children's room and a bedroom. You will see a special chic when you turn on the lamp and butterflies flutter along the walls.

Advice! Instead of butterflies, you can cut out snowflakes, stars or flowers. Decide for yourself what you like best.

60s style

If you ask our grandmothers, they will certainly remember floor lamps with lampshades in the form of an inverted bucket, tied with colored threads. We can do exactly the same thing with our own hands.

We will need:

• frame for lampshade – 2 pcs.
• decorative braid (3 colors, choose a combination to your liking)
• scissors
• crochet hook

Let's start production.

• We tie the first braid to the lower ring of the lampshade, leaving a tail of at least 5 cm.

• Pull it onto the top ring with outside, throw it over it and pull it through inner side bottom ring. We alternate actions until the next sector of the frame begins.

• We fasten the first braid and take a braid of a different color to work. We knit it to the next sector, not forgetting to leave a tail on the first knot.

• We do the same with the third sector, filling it with the remaining braid.

• We stretch the tails along the bottom of the lampshade using a crochet hook.

Now our lampshade from the distant 60s is ready, all that remains is to insert the socket and assemble the chandelier in any order.

Fringed braid

Another one original idea for a lampshade with your own hands, it is also connected with braid, but not single-layer, but with fringe. What do we need for this?

Prepare:

1. two metal hoops or an embroidery hoop
2. fringed braid
3. fishing line
4. acrylic paint, the same color as the braid
5. glue gun
6. scissors

Advice! Fringed braid can be purchased in stores that sell decor for curtains and furniture.

1. We paint hoops or hoops acrylic paint. If they are already covered with varnish or other paint, it is better to sand and clean them.
2. We wait until the paint is completely dry and make three marks on each ring of the lampshade, placing them at an equal distance from each other.
3. I cut three identical pieces of fishing line.
4. We tie them to the smaller ring of the lampshade, leaving the upper ends with a margin so that we can then tie them to the lamp cord.
5. We measure the length of the fringe, subtract 2 cm from it, and tie the fishing line to the second ring using the resulting length. This way we can get a cascade.
6. Heat the glue gun and carefully glue the braid along the bottom ring.
7. We do the same with the upper ring, pulling it out from the lower one.

Advice! Please note that the hot glue may melt the line, so be careful not to apply it directly to the line. Drop glue onto the paper, let it cool a little, and then apply it to the fishing line.

Ceiling chandeliers are lighting fixtures that perform two functions simultaneously. Firstly, they are used to organize the main lighting in the room. Secondly, devices are one of the main elements decorative decoration premises.

Numerous manufacturers offer equipment of different designs, but it is not always possible to find something really worthwhile that fits into general interior rooms. In other situations, the cost of the chandelier you like may be too high. This is why many people are interested in how to make a ceiling lamp with their own hands.

Hand-made products will be unique and original, thanks to them you will be able to express your taste and character. Making such devices yourself is not so easy. The work requires a certain imagination and perseverance. On the other hand, a ceiling chandelier can be created from improvised means and objects that have become trash for you.

Choose any materials for production - wood, plastic, metal or glass. Chandeliers constructed from wine bottles, wooden skewers or straw. To summarize: the choice of material for homemade lamp completely depends on the imagination and idea that arose in the head of the apartment owner.

Types of lighting fixtures

The final stage of any repair and construction work will be the purchase of lighting fixtures. Often the main one is a ceiling chandelier, installed in the center of the room, provided its geometry is correct. Available on the market a wide range of lamps that differ in design, shape, principle of operation and even the presence/absence of certain structural elements.

Today, all people strive to save money, so it will be important to use a chandelier for energy-saving or LED bulbs. It is advisable to choose products with partially or completely closed shades in which the lamps are hidden. Due to this, you will protect the ceiling structure and be able to protect yourself in the event of a light bulb explosion (the fragments will remain inside the lampshade).

If you still like a chandelier with an open arrangement of bulbs, then inspect it and make sure that after installation the light flux will be directed downward. There is also a simple rule - the simpler the product, the easier the subsequent installation.

Another point that should be taken into account when choosing a chandelier is the purpose of the room and its dimensions. In spacious halls with high ceilings volumetric pendant-type lamps should be installed. For small rooms, saving space is required, so focus on flat (flattened) options.

Conventionally, ceiling chandeliers can be divided into two main types:

• classic pendant;
• flat with placement as close as possible to the ceiling.

And the latter are divided into two subcategories - built-in and overhead. Overhead lampshades are considered the best solution for bathrooms, corridors and kitchen premises. The presence of a separation platform ensures their rapid cooling and high fire and electrical safety.

Recessed luminaires are also called spotlights. They are often installed (more correctly, built in) into furniture, dropped ceilings or arched structures. Manufacturers provide a wide variety of shapes, colors and design solutions for both traditional and flat luminaires.

Finally, in addition to design features the lamps themselves, the type of light sources used is distinguished:

1. An incandescent lamp is one of the most common and simple options. The cheapest possible light source. At mechanical impact It quickly fails due to the vulnerability of the structure and burns out relatively quickly (in the case of continuous operation, it can burn out in two or three days).
2. An energy-saving fluorescent lamp is one of the best varieties housekeeper The advantages of the product are related to efficiency and long service life. Along with LEDs, it is the most common light source in developed countries.
3. An LED lamp is an expensive product, the popularity of which is increasing every year. Coefficient useful action exceeds 90%, and in the case of high-quality devices reaches 98%. They are characterized by a longer service life and increased reliability.

An example of a homemade lamp

Let's look at one of the simplest examples of a DIY ceiling lamp.

For production we will need:

• plastic bottle 5 liters;
• plastic spoons - their number depends on the size of the bottle that will become the frame;
• quick-drying glue for plastic;
• sharp knife;
• cartridge with wire.

First, prepare a frame from a plastic bottle. Remove any labels from the item, rinse it and dry thoroughly. After this, feel free to cut out the bottom. Cut off all the handles from the plastic spoons, but so that small pieces of 2 cm remain.

Glue the resulting scraps with “scoops” onto the base of the plastic bottle frame. To do this, we just need the remaining pieces of the handles, which need to be poured generously with glue and pressed tightly to the surface (the convex part of the scoop should face outward). Cover the container in a circle until the entire surface is hidden. Ideally, the spoons are placed in a checkerboard pattern and then shifted to ensure a tight fit and no visible areas.

Cartridges with wiring can be obtained from some old chandelier, then install and fix it in the new product, pulling it through the neck of the bottle. A decorative bowl can be decorated with the same blanks using glue and placing them on the neck.

To make sure the product is working, at the final stage, screw a light bulb into the lamp and connect it to the power source.

If successful, all that remains is to install the chandelier on the ceiling. For more stylish design and shifts color solutions

you can paint plastic spoons. This will increase the originality and attractiveness of the product.

Style selection

In addition to the points listed in the first chapter of the article, when choosing a chandelier you need to focus on a specific style. This is also true for those cases when you decide to make the product yourself. Comfort, coziness and how pleasant it will be to be in it depend on the interior created in the room.

The ceiling chandelier is the main element of decor, therefore, with a competent approach, the perception of the environment will improve, but with a careless approach, it will completely deteriorate. As you know, “breaking is not building”, therefore, to ruin the interior, it is enough to choose the wrong style.

Decide in advance on the design of the future lamp. The most common styles for chandeliers are high-tech, modern and Provence.

High tech This includes products made of glass and metal. Modern appliances fit perfectly into the bedroom design and living room . Externally, the chandelier may look chaotic (with a random arrangement of decorative elements). An excellent option for people looking to modernize their apartment or a private house

, but not wanting to make something too complicated. Any errors made during the manufacture of the chandelier may look like an original design solution.

Modern In accordance with this style, devices are made of glass and wood. Ceiling lamp

characterized by perfectly smooth and clear lines, has the correct geometry.

The most complex design, which is suitable for people who understand the principles of hand-made. Various fabrics, colorful ribbons, beads, and embroidery can be used to decorate a chandelier. The lamps are delicate and suitable for creating a romantic atmosphere. A Provence style lighting fixture is suitable for decorating any living space.

Installation materials

For ceiling mounting lamps will be required certain materials and tools:

• the lamp itself;
• junction box;
• screwdriver (curly);
• switches;
• as an alternative - dimmers (rotary toggle switch to adjust brightness, turn on/off a light bulb);
• wires;
• electrical tape;
• indicator (tester);
• pliers;
• connecting blocks.

Ideally, electrical wiring should be laid using connection blocks. If such products are not available, then twist the bare ends of the wires using pliers and hide them under a thick layer of electrical tape. The connections can also be placed under polymer caps. Make sure the wires are tightly wrapped around each other.

When laying the cable, pay attention to the material from which it is made. It is advisable to twist aluminum with aluminum or copper with copper. When two wires come into contact different materials Gradual oxidation will occur, leading to burnout and loss of contact.

Sequence of work

Before installing the ceiling light, determine the phases of the wires. To do this you will need an indicator screwdriver or a special probe. If you attach work surface to the phase conductor, the light bulb will start to glow. Otherwise, the wire belongs to the zero phase.

Next, you need to determine the phases on the wiring of the lighting fixture. Plug two wires into the outlet, but never touch the third one. If there are several bulbs on the chandelier, then about half of them will light up. Leave any wire in the socket and insert a third one instead of the second one. The second half of the bulbs should light up. Thus, the wire that is constantly in the socket (and when connected in turn with the other two turns on the light bulbs) is the zero phase.

Attach the lamp to the ceiling. To do this, use both a classic hook sticking out from the ceiling and a mounting rail (included in most modern devices). If there is a hook from an old chandelier, it is advisable to dismantle it.

Connecting lamps

If you need to connect a floor lamp or chandelier with a two-core cable, difficulties should not arise at all. Simply connect the ends of this cable to the two ends of the wiring. If the lamp consists of several parts and there are more wires, then they should be twisted correctly in pairs, subsequently connecting to the desired core electrical wiring in the apartment.

A three-core cable indicates the presence of two normal and one neutral phases. Follow the scheme described above to find the zero phase. After this, connect the device to the house wiring.

Traditionally, the zero phase on the lamp has wires with blue insulation, while the normal phase has brown, black or red insulation. If there are several blue wires, then they need to be connected in pairs, and then connected to the zero phase. Proceed similarly with other colored parts.

Products with four cores are much less common. The latter is intended for grounding and is usually colored yellow-green. It should be screwed to the lamp body using a regular screw. Be sure to insulate all connections.

Any materials can be used to make ceiling lamps with your own hands. The main thing is to choose the style and shape in advance and navigate the installation location. Also, before starting work, it is advisable to draw a sketch of the future product. Everything else is limited to your imagination.

Connecting homemade lighting fixtures is carried out according to the same scheme as purchased ones. Using our instructions, you can easily connect ceiling chandeliers with two, three and even four cores. The main thing is not to forget about safety rules and ensure complete insulation of the wires, excluding short circuits.