How to make a homemade mousetrap at home. DIY reusable mousetrap

home

Installation

Mice constantly “chase” humans, since there is an opportunity to profit without special effort. Such a neighborhood does not bode well for a person: spoiled food, buried furniture and other household items. In addition, rodents are carriers of quite serious diseases. And although many of them are treatable, some can still cause serious harm to a person. When mice appear in the house, this is a signal that it’s time to arm yourself with at least something to get rid of these pests.

At the same time, there are both humane and inhumane methods of struggle. As a rule, people no longer use humane ways, armed chemicals fights that guarantee the outcome of the fight in favor of the owner. As for humane methods, they are used by some categories of people. Humane methods have both pros and cons. The fact that the pest remains alive is good. The bad news is that this does not reduce the population of these pests. If they manage to be released alive somewhere far from their home, this does not guarantee that the same mice will not appear again in a person’s home.

Mice, throughout the entire period of human life, try to settle next to humans. This is due to the fact that a person has a variety of food, and besides, one can spend the winter next to him in comfortable conditions. In nature, there are up to one and a half thousand species of such rodents. Mice are unique creatures because they have unique qualities that allow them to survive in any, even the most difficult conditions. favorable conditions. In addition to the fact that they quickly get used to new conditions, they reproduce quite quickly. Among other things, despite their size, rodents are not such stupid animals, which allows them to bypass traps set by humans. Moreover, they quickly adapt to toxic substances, which sometimes reduces the fight against such pests to zero. In order to cope with rodents, it doesn’t hurt to strain your mind and be smart.

First of all, it is necessary to analyze the situation and find out the ways and reasons for rodents entering the house. At the same time, we should not forget that mice, under favorable conditions, settle in multi-storey buildings, climbing to the top floors. This means that many people believe that the problem of rodents only affects private houses, or more precisely, one-story buildings. Most likely, the pests are attracted to something.

In a human home, all conditions for the normal functioning of rodents can be created due to a number of reasons. For example:

Relevant temperature conditions. This is especially true in winter period, since in summer period no significant invasion is observed. As a rule, in the summer, mice themselves go to the field, where there is plenty of varied food for them. With the arrival of autumn, they slowly begin to settle in garages, basements, on insulated balconies, inside suspended ceilings, in storage rooms, etc.
A sufficient amount of food, considering that mice can eat just about anything, not to mention cereals, dried fruits, and also bakery products. They pick up everything, even crumbs left on the dinner table or leftover food thrown in the trash. At the same time, they easily move along some vertical surfaces.
Unsanitary conditions. This factor is considered the main one that attracts rodents to the apartment like a magnet. They feel great in conditions where the trash can is not emptied for a long time, when there is a sufficient amount of food leftovers on the table and on the floor that are not removed properly and, moreover, are rarely cleaned. The presence of entry routes that no one thinks about helps rodents settle into an apartment or house without any effort.

The fact that mice have appeared in the house can be determined by a number of factors. For example:

Presence of burrowed packages with bulk food products.
The presence in the home of traces of vital activity that cannot be confused with any others.
An unpleasant “mouse” odor appears.
At night you can hear mice moving around in the dark, making peculiar squeaks. During the daytime, they prefer to hide, especially if there is someone in the house. If there is no one in the house during the day, then they can manage the house even during this period, especially in the kitchen.

If “uninvited guests” are detected, it is necessary to immediately develop a plan to combat these pests. It must be remembered that such proximity in an apartment will not lead to anything good. To combat them you can use by various means, ranging from chemicals to simple homemade traps.

Harm from mice

These pests need to be controlled for several reasons. Firstly, many people are afraid of mice, especially housewives. When mice appear, they panic. In addition, there are a number of factors that are decisive. For example:

Damage to household items. They were called rodents for good reason, since they are capable of chewing objects in the house, regardless of the material they are made of. This could be furniture, electrical wires, children's toys, shoes, etc. They especially love foam. If someone has made a renovation and used polystyrene foam as insulation, then you need to be prepared to receive such pests.
Possibility of fire. Mice can easily feast on insulation electrical wires, which can ultimately lead to a short circuit and fire. They can chew the power wires of many electrical appliances, so you need to regularly inspect them to ensure the integrity of the insulation.
Presence of pathogens. The saliva of rodents can contain various microorganisms that can cause typhoid, cholera, plague or ordinary poisoning. In addition, mice are carriers of fleas, which prefer to feed on human blood.
Rodents spoil food and water. This happens because mice everywhere leave traces of their vital activity in the form of feces, which are saturated with bacteria and viruses. If an animal drinks water from a cup, it can be hazardous to health.
Mice leave behind bad smell . This is a kind of “mouse” smell, which is distinguished by its peculiarity. It is by this that you can determine that there are mice in the house. If it gets absorbed into furniture or some things, it is quite difficult to get rid of it. Some people may experience allergy attacks, which are expressed in the form of vomiting. In any case, this leads to constant discomfort.

Therefore, we can safely say that rodents cause significant harm, depriving a person of peace and comfort.

Man has been fighting mice with the help of mousetraps for thousands of years. The control method is both simple and highly effective. In addition, there is no need to use toxic substances, which in most cases is completely unjustified.

As far as we know, the favorite product of mice is cheese, although they happily eat pieces of bread and sausage, grain, especially seasoned with sunflower oil. Roasted seeds can also interest rodents: they usually catch most mice. This bait is simple and affordable. Many modern traps are small in size, but have one drawback - they are designed to catch one mouse. In addition, as a result of capture, the rodents die, which, according to many, is completely inhumane.

Concerning homemade traps for catching mice, they do not kill mice, although many individuals can be caught at one time. One more feature of such traps should be noted: they are made from scrap materials and do not require additional costs.

Jar as a trap

To make a trap, you will need a jar with a capacity of 0.5 liters, capable of accommodating one rodent. You should place bait in the form of a piece of bread or sausage on the wall, or better yet, on the bottom of the jar. At the same time, you need to make sure that the bait is securely held at the bottom of the jar, after which the container is turned upside down and a coin is placed on its edge under one of the sides. The result is a rather unstable structure. When the mouse tries to take the bait, the coin will fall and the mousetrap will slam shut.

Bucket as a trap

How to use:

First option. You need to take a bucket or other container, a 0.5 liter plastic bottle, a wooden stick and bait. You need to insert a stick into the bottle so that it pierces it lengthwise, while the stick should look out both from the neck and from the bottom. The bottle is placed on the bucket so that the stick rests on the edges of the bucket. The bait is placed on top of the bottle. The result is also an unstable structure. When you try to get the bait, the mouse will certainly end up in the bucket.
Second option. Involves the use of a bucket and stool. A bucket is placed next to the stool, and a piece of water is placed on the stool. wooden slats. You need to place it so that the rail can support the bait. When the mouse tries to take the bait, it will fall into the bucket along with the bait and the wooden slats.

In hardware stores you can buy special glue for catching rodents. The product is applied to the surface, after which the mice will definitely begin to study the substance. As a result, after this they can no longer get out of this trap on their own. This type of trap is not suitable if there are small children and animals in the house.

Such a trap is highly effective and at the same time saves the life of the pest. To make a trap, you need to take a bottle of a suitable size and cut it into 2 parts. The bait is placed in the lower part, in which there is a bottom. For the trap to work, it must be hung in such a way that a mouse falls into it. It can be placed next to any shelf. When the mouse gets into the bottle, the bottle will sink to the bottom, and the mouse will not be able to get out of it.

If you follow a number of recommendations, you can protect your home from the invasion of rodents such as mice. The rules are quite simple and implementable. This will help avoid such an unpleasant procedure as rodent control, which will require time and money.

To prevent rodents from appearing in the house:

All food products must be stored in special containers and in specially designated places. At the same time, it is necessary not to forget and constantly inspect the products for traces of the vital activity of such pests.
Food should not be stored in plastic bags, since polyethylene is not a barrier for mice.
Wherever food is stored, it is better to place garlic cloves, bay leaf or onion skins. These odors act as a deterrent to pests.
Garbage should not lie in the trash can, as this attracts mice like a magnet. Still, the aroma from a trash can, especially if the trash hasn’t been taken out of it for a long time, spreads quite far.

A mouse trap will help you get rid of unpleasant and sometimes dangerous rodents - it’s easy to make a device with your own hands that is no less effective than commercially available models. Making mousetraps yourself from scrap materials will save money, because most often, several devices are required simultaneously to eliminate pests. Based on the descriptions given, you can choose the most effective and simple to implement designs.

If the use of toxic substances to control rodents is undesirable due to the presence of children or pets in the house or dacha, and buying several traps in the store seems too expensive, it’s time to learn how to make a mousetrap yourself. For production you will need simple materials that are always available in everyday life - paper, various containers(you can often use empty unnecessary containers), wire, ruler, etc.

Please note: most traps self-made reusable or self-charging, which allows you not to constantly monitor them and catch several rodents with one device, leaving the trap unattended while you leave (optimally - no more than a week, so that an unpleasant odor does not appear.

Bait

In order for pest hunting to be successful, it is not enough to know how to make a mouse trap. It is also important to “convince” the rodents to show interest in this trap, which means an attractive bait will be required. There is a common stereotype - mice love cheese. Animals really like this product, but sunflower seeds, lightly toasted, will be more effective as bait. sunflower oil or a piece of bread dipped in it. A win-win option sesame oil will be used - its aroma does not leave mice indifferent, and you can also use a piece of lard.

Bucket and ruler trap

Such a trap model suitable for those who prefers the simplest, but effective solutions and prefers clear instructions, including how to make a mousetrap with your own hands. Another advantage of such a trap is the interchangeability of its elements - instead of a bucket you can take old saucepan or a plastic container, and the ruler can be replaced with any suitable sized strip or strip of thick cardboard.

In addition to the ruler, you will need a knitting needle or a rigid, round metal wire. The knitting needle is glued to the ruler perpendicularly and serves as a support - it is laid so that both ends rest on the edges of the bucket. A strip or ruler glued to the knitting needle should rest on the edge of the bucket with one end and hang over it with the other. It is at the overhanging end that the bait is placed.

The trap is located in a place where the mouse can climb onto the rail laid on top of the bucket. The mousetrap will work even if the container is empty, but to increase efficiency it is recommended to fill the bucket about a third with water.

This trap works simply. The mouse walks along the ruler, attracted by the smell, but, having overcome the intersection of the ruler and the knitting needle, it shifts the center of gravity of the structure, as a result of which the end of the ruler, freely hanging over the bucket, drops sharply and throws the rodent into the container. In order for the mousetrap to be triggered repeatedly, the bait should be secured to a rail so that when triggered, it does not fall into the bucket along with the mouse.

Trap from a jar with cut paper at the neck

This DIY mouse trap is made by analogy with the previous one. To allow mice to climb to the top of the can, a “ramp” is installed, but the bait is in in this case placed inside a jar, the neck of which is covered with paper. In order for the paper on the neck of the jar to become a real trap for rodents, it is carefully cut (for example, with a razor) crosswise.

As soon as the animal hits the paper, the “petals” formed during the cut bend inward, and the mouse falls into the jar. In other options, it is possible to place a lightweight bait directly in the center of the cut paper, or the bait is tied to a rope and placed above the center of the jar.

The disadvantage of such a simple trap is that it is not very effective. Mice somehow sense a trick and are afraid of the cut paper.

Glass jar and coin trap

This homemade mousetrap from a jar is simple and can also be made from a saucepan, and if desired, the coin can be replaced with a large button or a metal washer. A coin (button, washer) serves as support for the raised edge of the jar. A strong thread with a hook at the end is glued or tied to the support. A rod is installed inside the container (you can use wire, a twig, etc.), through which the thread is thrown. The bait is put on the hook.

Attracted by the aroma, the mouse pulls the hook with the bait, after which the thread tightens and pulls the support out from under the can. For maximum effectiveness, the bait should be placed at a distance of 2-4 cm from the surface. The disadvantage of the trap is that it requires reloading. That is, having “covered” one mouse, the can ceases to be effective.

In more simple version the bait can be glued to the wall of the jar, then when you try to get to it, the mouse will shake the jar, which will lead to the support falling.

In order to remove a caught rodent, it is convenient to slip a sheet of cardboard under the triggered can.

Other ways to get rid of mice are described.

Plastic bottle traps

1 option

This is a DIY mousetrap made from plastic bottle done in a few minutes. The container is cut at 2/3 of the height (the longer part is with the bottom). After this, the part with the neck is turned over (the neck without the plug becomes directed into the structure). The neck is lubricated with oil, and the bait is placed inside the container. To prevent the parts from coming apart, they can be fastened with glue, wire or another method. The mouse easily slips through the lubricated neck, but cannot get back out.

Option 2

Another one simple mousetrap, which even a schoolboy can figure out how to do.

A plastic bottle (the neck is cut off approximately at the point where the narrowing begins) with the bait inside is placed on a table or shelf so that a significant part of the container hangs over the edge of the surface. In this case, the bait should be located at the very bottom. Such a trap is tied to a shelf with twine, the length of which ensures that the trap hangs above the floor when it falls. When a mouse gets into a bottle, it shifts its center of gravity. The trap falls and hangs together with the caught rodent.

Mousetrap made from a bucket and a rotating bottle

One of the most ingenious solutions on the topic “how to make a mousetrap at home”, at the same time effective and easy to implement. It requires a metal rod-axis and a plastic bottle with a cap. Holes are made in the container (in the lid and bottom) along the diameter of the axis, after which the bottle is put on the rod so that it remains able to rotate freely. The rod is placed on the edges of the bucket. Optimally secure its position while maintaining mobility.

It is recommended to fill a bucket (you can also use a basin) with water. As bait, the bottle in the center is coated with any composition (attractive in smell to mice) (processed cheese, sunflower or peanut butter, etc.). After this, a “ramp” is built from the floor to the edge of the bucket. Having freely reached the edge of the bucket along such a “bridge,” the mouse tries to move onto the bottle, but the latter, under the weight of the rodent, turns around its axis and throws the pest into the container.

Glue traps

When choosing how to make a mousetrap with your own hands, you should not lose sight of simple glue traps. They will require special glue for rodents, which is sold in specialized stores, bait and bases (you can use thick cardboard, small plastic pallets, plywood, etc.). The base is smeared with glue, and the bait is placed in the center of the trap.

Getting to the fragrant “treat”, the rodent sticks to the viscous composition. Many consider the disadvantage of such a trap to be unaesthetic. It is no longer possible to unstick the animal from the mousetrap, and the sight of floundering rodents and their squeaking does not bring pleasure if the owners are at home.

Good afternoon, Dear friends! A couple of years ago, there was some kind of mouse invasion. My parents live in their own house and no longer knew how to escape from them. At this time we just came to visit them and found them struggling.

Mom decided that store-bought traps would be much more effective than homemade ones. But in practice it turned out that not everything is so rosy. The quality of the purchased mousetraps wanted to be the best. And as soon as dad wanted to put the bait, the clamp broke off and he had to take a new one.

We couldn’t stand aside and advised them to use old methods and built homemade traps from scrap materials. And to the surprise of the parents, the effect was amazing. In this article you will learn: how to make a mousetrap with your own hands, what to use for this, basic tips for making it.

How to make a mousetrap with your own hands - quickly and efficiently

If you have rodents in your house, it is not at all necessary to immediately start poisoning them with poison - a good, safe and inexpensive solution would be to make your own mousetrap. You can, of course, resort to the help of classic mousetraps, which are sold in hardware stores, but this solution has one serious drawback.

It lies in the fact that if there is more than one mouse (as is the case in most cases), you will have to buy several of them, and even then it is far from certain that their number will be enough.

In addition, after catching a rodent, such mousetraps need to be “recharged” each time, that is, left in country house for a whole week, hoping that with their help all the mice will be caught, it will not work.

This material will offer options for mousetraps that you can make with your own hands from available materials, and some of them do not need to be “recharged” - they will always be in combat readiness.

Type one - reusable mousetrap

There are a great many options for mousetraps that use gravity to recharge, but we will look at the most popular and effective of them. In the first case, you will need a bucket or deep basin, a plastic bottle (as a rule, 0.5 or 1 liter bottles are best), scissors, an awl, processed cheese ok and a thin metal (or wooden) rod that will serve as an axis.

The length of the rod should be the same as the upper diameter of the basin or bucket, and the length of the bottle should be less. In addition, we will need a flat board along which the mouse will climb into our mousetrap. So, take a bottle (it should have a cap) and, using an awl and scissors, make two holes in it opposite each other.

The first should be clearly in the middle of the bottom of the bottle, the second - in the middle of the cap. The diameter of the hole should approximately correspond to the diameter of the rod that you took as the axis.

We thread our axle through the bottle and place it on top of the basin. If you don’t mind your bucket or basin, and also in order to make the trap more effective and reliable, you can try to make two small pins in its upper part (opposite each other), into which you place the edges of the axle - this way the structure will become much stronger.

Make sure that the axis rotates freely in the pins - this is the main criterion for the effectiveness of our mousetrap. The bottle must be moved on an axis so that its neck is as close as possible to the edge of the basin, and a board must be installed in this place so that the place where it rests on the basin is near the bottle cap.

The angle of the board in relation to the floor should not exceed 45 degrees, otherwise it will be very difficult for the mouse to climb on it, and it will go to look for a treat in another place - for example, in your bedside tables.

As you can see, such a mousetrap will work until the processed cheese completely deteriorates, no longer attracting new mice. If everything is done correctly, leaving this structure for three or four days, you can be pretty surprised at the number of animals swimming in the basin. The second version of the mousetrap resembles the first in many ways, with the exception of some details. To construct it, we will need the same basin, as well as a board.

In addition, you will need a second board (platform), but of a shorter length (15 centimeters), a hinge, a bait and a weight. To better understand how to assemble such a mousetrap, it is better to immediately explain the principle of its operation.

The platform lies at the end long board, however, not with its entire plane, but only half. The part that comes into contact with the long board is weighted with a weight (the weight of the weight should be slightly less than the weight of the mouse). The boards are connected by a hinge so that if the short one is rotated, it returns to its original position under the influence of the load.

The neck of a three-liter jar is wrapped in paper, which is secured along the edge with an elastic band or wire. On the stretched part of the paper, make crosswise cuts across the entire diameter of the neck of the jar. Make sure that the paper does not wrinkle too much, creating a feeling of being intact.

We place this structure, for example, under a chair, from which we hang the bait on a string. The bait itself should hang clearly above the cut paper, two centimeters from its surface. We attach a board (ramp) to the can, along which the mouse will climb onto it.

As you already understand, the cut paper will not support the weight of the mouse on it, throwing it to the bottom of the jar. It should be noted that this DIY mousetrap is the most ineffective of the three described.

Rodents do not always want to stand on the cut paper, apparently sensing some kind of catch in it. In addition to a three-liter bottle, you can use any other container, as long as the sheet of paper completely covers it.

Type two - disposable mousetrap

If you are sure that there is only one rodent terrorizing you and your loved ones, you can design a disposable trap, which, after being triggered, must be installed again. As a rule, traps of this type are simpler, and therefore take less time to assemble.

All we need is a plastic bottle with a volume of at least one and a half liters, as well as scissors, strong thread (it is better to use nylon thread) and, of course, bait. Using scissors, cut top part bottles. It is better to make the cut in the place where the shape of the bottle begins to narrow towards the neck.

We make a hole somewhere near the cut edge and tie the edge of a nylon thread.

We are looking for a place to install a trap - if you are sure that a rodent can reach the surface of your table, it is better to choose it. We throw the bait at the bottom of the bottle and place it on the table so that the closed bottom, where the bait lies, hangs over the edge of the table.

The second end of the string needs to be tied to something, and its length is calculated so that when the bottle falls from the table, it remains hanging on the string without reaching the floor. That's it, the trap is ready. The mouse will climb into the bottle and try to take the bait, but the bottle will tip down, catching the animal.

It may also be advisable to place the bottle on a thin piece of fabric - this will reduce slipping and make it easier for the mouse to get inside the trap.

Here is another version of a mousetrap, using the same plastic bottle (I wonder if the creators of such bottles guessed that their invention would serve as the main part of the design for almost all homemade mousetraps?).

We cut the bottle in a ratio of approximately two to three, the longer side should be the one where the bottom is located. Turn the top over and tuck it into the inside. The cut edges should be at the same level - you can either glue them together, or pierce them with an awl and thread the wire.

We generously coat the tapering part of the neck with oil, and throw a piece of bait into the neck itself, at the bottom of the bottle. Such a trap is installed next to a shelf or chair from which the mouse would have access to it.

As you can see, the design of such a mousetrap is also quite simple, and you can make it in literally 10 minutes. In conclusion, let's talk about the simple type DIY mousetraps, the design of which you have probably seen in various cartoons.

It consists of a container with a depth of about 10 - 15 centimeters, as well as a support on which a piece of cheese is fixed. You can use any metal or wooden rod as a support - this is not at all important here.

You can simply stick the cheese onto the support, or you can thread the rod through it.

If the structure is not sufficiently stable, you can make two supports, fastening them in the middle with the same cheese. The mouse, trying to pull out the cheese, will break the support, after which the bowl (or whatever you use as a container) will fall down, thereby slamming the exit.

Now you are prepared, the mousetrap has been assembled with your own hands, and you are ready to engage in battle with the annoying rodents. Here are some more tips for catching mice:

As bait, in addition to cheese, you can use corn flour, peanut butter, a cube of bread dipped in unrefined sunflower oil.
To avoid unpleasant odors, do not leave a mousetrap (especially a reusable one) unattended for more than a week.

Source: "miremonta.ru"

Homemade mouse traps

In the fight against mice, one of the usual and quite effective means are mousetraps. You can either buy factory mousetraps or make your own mousetraps.

In the latter case, you can save money, as well as gain experience in making such structures and practice making something yourself. Next will be described various ways, allowing you to make a mousetrap at home.

Mousetraps made from plastic bottles

The homemade mousetraps described below are easy to make, since plastic bottles are ubiquitous and very easy to handle.

Design number one

Take a plastic bottle and cut off the neck.
At a distance of about a centimeter from the cut, pierce a hole and pass the end of a strong thread about half a meter long into it.
Then put bait in the bottle, and place the bottle, for example, on the edge of the table.
In this case, the bait should be located near the bottom of the bottle, and this part should hang over the edge of the table. That is, the “top” of the bottle should have support, but the “bottom” should not.
Fix the thread on the table, for example, tie it to a nail.
When the mouse reaches into the bottle, the bottle will tip over.
The mouse will remain in the bottle, and the bottle will hang on a thread.
After this, you can take out the mouse and kill it, and the mousetrap will be ready for use again.
Of course, it is not necessary to place this mousetrap on the table - any similar design will do.

Design number two

Take a bottle, cut off half, then cut out sharp petals on it and bend them inward.
Place bait inside and place the mousetrap in a convenient place.
The mouse will get inside quite freely, but will not be able to get out.

Design number three

Take a bottle and cut off the top part of it.
Cut the neck so that the mouse can fit freely into the resulting hole.

Place the bait in the lower part, and insert the upper part with the neck down. Position the structure so that the mouse can easily climb up. When she climbs into the bottle, she will fall down and will not be able to get out.

Bucket mousetrap

Take a bucket and insert a metal rod into the top.
Place a 0.33 or 0.5 liter tin can on it lengthwise - for example, a beer can, or a plastic bottle.
The jar (bottle) should rotate quite freely on the rod. Place bait on it.
Place the bucket so that the mouse can reach the jar, and fill it with water to half or less.
When the mouse smells the bait, it will climb onto the bottle. The jar (bottle) will turn over and the mouse will fall into the bucket.
If you are using a jar, then it is important to select the distance between the edge of the bucket and the edge of the jar so that the mouse cannot step on the jar, but can jump; if it’s a bottle, position it so that the mouse first hits the neck of the bottle.
If you want to make a weapon for the mass destruction of rodents, place the bait in a ring around the bottle, and the mice will climb on it continuously.

The main thing is that there is enough bucket.

Option number two - simply attach a strip cut from a plastic bottle to the edge of the bucket and place the bait on it. The strip will bend under the weight of the mouse, and the mouse will fall into the bucket.

Glass jar trap

Take a jar and seal it with a tin lid.
Cut the lid like cutting a cake. Place bait on the bottom - for example, a piece of lard.
The mouse will climb into the jar, but will not be able to get back out - the sharp teeth will interfere with it.
Instead of a lid, you can seal the neck of the jar with paper and cut it crosswise - it will create imaginary rigidity, but the teeth will diverge under the weight of the mouse.
As you can see, making a mousetrap with your own hands is quite simple, and does not require the use of special materials or costs.

We hope that the presented mousetrap options will help you get rid of rodents. Of course, that's not all possible models designs - there are more complex and effective mousetraps.

For example, some people make various electronic mousetraps on their own, but this topic is beyond the scope of this article, while the designs described above are time-tested and very easy to manufacture.
Source: "noguests.com"

We catch rodents in simple ways

Based on the descriptions given, you can choose the most effective and simple to implement designs. If the use of toxic substances to control rodents is undesirable due to the presence of children or pets in the house or dacha, and buying several traps in the store seems too expensive, it’s time to learn how to make a mousetrap yourself.

For production you will need simple materials that are always available in everyday use - paper, various containers (you can often use empty unnecessary containers), wire, ruler, etc.

Please note: most self-made traps are reusable or self-charging, which allows you not to constantly monitor them and catch several rodents with one device, leaving the trap unattended while you leave (optimally - no more than a week, so that an unpleasant odor does not appear.

There is a common stereotype - mice love cheese.

Animals really like this product, but sunflower seeds, lightly fried sunflower oil or a piece of bread dipped in it will be more effective as bait. Sesame oil is a win-win option - its aroma does not leave mice indifferent, and you can also use a piece of lard.

We use a bucket and ruler

This trap model is suitable for those who prefer the simplest but most effective solutions and prefer clear instructions, including how to make a mousetrap with your own hands. Another advantage of such a trap is the interchangeability of its elements - instead of a bucket, you can take an old saucepan or plastic container, and the ruler can be replaced with any suitable sized strip or strip of thick cardboard.

It is at the overhanging end that the bait is placed. The trap is located in a place where the mouse can climb onto the rail laid on top of the bucket.

The mousetrap will work even if the container is empty, but to increase efficiency it is recommended to fill the bucket about a third with water. This trap works simply. The mouse walks along the ruler, attracted by the smell, but, having overcome the intersection of the ruler and the knitting needle, it shifts the center of gravity of the structure.

As a result, the end of the ruler, hanging freely over the bucket, sharply lowers and throws the rodent into the container. In order for the mousetrap to be triggered repeatedly, the bait should be secured to a rail so that when triggered, it does not fall into the bucket along with the mouse.

Take a jar of paper

This DIY mouse trap is made by analogy with the previous one. To allow mice to climb to the top of the jar, a “ramp” is installed, but in this case the bait is placed inside the jar, the neck of which is covered with paper. In order for the paper on the neck of the jar to become a real trap for rodents, it is carefully cut (for example, with a razor) crosswise.

As soon as the animal hits the paper, the “petals” formed during the cut bend inward, and the mouse falls into the jar.

In other options, it is possible to place a lightweight bait directly in the center of the cut paper, or the bait is tied to a rope and placed above the center of the jar. The disadvantage of such a simple trap is that it is not very effective. Mice somehow sense a trick and are afraid of the cut paper.

We use a glass jar and a coin

A rod is installed inside the container (you can use wire, a twig, etc.), through which the thread is thrown. The bait is put on the hook. Attracted by the aroma, the mouse pulls the hook with the bait, after which the thread tightens and pulls the support out from under the can.

For maximum effectiveness, the bait should be placed at a distance of 2-4 cm from the surface. The disadvantage of the trap is that it requires reloading. That is, having “covered” one mouse, the can ceases to be effective.

In a simpler version, the bait can be glued to the wall of the jar, then when you try to get to it, the mouse will shake the jar, which will lead to the support falling. In order to remove a caught rodent, it is convenient to slip a sheet of cardboard under the triggered can.

Plastic bottle traps

This DIY mousetrap is made from a plastic bottle in a few minutes. The container is cut at 2/3 of the height (the longer part is with the bottom). After this, the part with the neck is turned over (the neck without the plug becomes directed into the structure).

The neck is lubricated with oil, and the bait is placed inside the container. To prevent the parts from coming apart, they can be fastened with glue, wire or another method. The mouse easily slips through the lubricated neck, but cannot get back out.

Another simple mousetrap that even a schoolboy can figure out how to make.

Such a trap is tied to a shelf with twine, the length of which ensures that the trap hangs above the floor when it falls. When a mouse gets into a bottle, it shifts its center of gravity. The trap falls and hangs together with the caught rodent.

Other trap options

A mousetrap made from a bucket and a rotating bottle is one of the most ingenious solutions on the topic “how to make a mousetrap at home,” but it is also effective and easy to implement. It requires a metal rod-axis and a plastic bottle with a cap. Holes are made in the container (in the lid and bottom) along the diameter of the axis, after which the bottle is put on the rod so that it remains able to rotate freely.

The rod is placed on the edges of the bucket. Optimally secure its position while maintaining mobility. It is recommended to fill a bucket (you can also use a basin) with water. As bait, the bottle in the center is coated with any composition (attractive in smell to mice) (processed cheese, sunflower or peanut butter, etc.).

After this, a “ramp” is built from the floor to the edge of the bucket.

Having freely reached the edge of the bucket along such a “bridge,” the mouse tries to move onto the bottle, but the latter, under the weight of the rodent, turns around its axis and throws the pest into the container. When choosing how to make a mousetrap with your own hands, you should not lose sight of simple glue traps.

They will require special glue for rodents, which is sold in specialized stores, bait and bases (you can use thick cardboard, small plastic pallets, plywood, etc.). The base is smeared with glue, and the bait is placed in the center of the trap.

Getting to the fragrant “treat”, the rodent sticks to the viscous composition.

Many consider the disadvantage of such a trap to be unaesthetic. It is no longer possible to unstick the animal from the mousetrap, and the sight of floundering rodents and their squeaking does not bring pleasure if the owners are at home.
Source: "home-gid.com"

Mice that rule the house are not cute gray animals, but formidable pests. Nimble rodents destroy supplies, carry dangerous diseases, they damage the wiring and frighten the owners when they suddenly appear. You can get rid of pests different ways.

Toxic chemicals are not always allowed to be used, and cunning rodents often avoid factory traps. We have to look for non-standard solutions. Many owners are interested in how to make a mousetrap with their own hands. The article describes options and rules for making simple devices for catching mice.

Gray pests look for food and shelter in an apartment or private house when cold weather sets in. Residents of rural areas are faced with an invasion of rodents in the fall, when there is nothing else to eat in the field.

Mice often live in the basements of high-rise buildings; if cracks are poorly sealed, holes in the floors and baseboards, they can easily get into apartments. Nimble pests penetrate not only the first floors, but also travel higher up through the ceilings. Will mice build a nest in every home? What conditions attract gray pests?

The likelihood of having unpleasant neighbors increases in the following cases:

an old house or an apartment where the owners have not done renovations for a long time, cracks and holes in the baseboards and floor;
The location of the apartment is on the ground floor;
A private house next to a field;
Unsanitary conditions in the home;
Storing food loosely closed lid containers, bags of cereals and flour purchased “in reserve”;
Crumbs on the table, crumbling cookies, the habit of leaving the trash can open at night and throughout the day.

If one mouse gets into the house, it is not always possible to immediately recognize traces of the activity of the nimble pest. Negative consequences appear over time.

The sooner owners pay attention to suspicious signs, the higher the chance of catching a nimble mouse. You can’t hesitate: gray pests are highly fertile. Mice probably live in a private house or apartment if the owners notice the following signs:

at night you can hear a slight rustling in the pantry, in the kitchen, behind the stove, on the shelves of cabinets where bulk products are stored;
wires with teeth marks. If you do not pay attention to this sign, mice can damage the wiring, which often causes a short circuit;
There is a specific smell in the house. The more gray pests there are, the more clearly the unpleasant symptom appears.

The reason is excrement left by rodents on the floor, among cereals, packets of cookies; gnawed bags and packages with flour, pasta, rice, millet;

droppings resembling grains of a dark, gray-black color. Traces of pest activity appear not only on the floor or near baseboards, but also in food bags.

Important! The sooner owners pay attention to suspicious signs, the higher the chance of catching a nimble mouse. You can’t hesitate: gray pests are highly fertile.

Field mice living in private houses and apartments are dangerous to humans. You shouldn’t be touched or feel sorry for the “cute rodents”: pests often carry pathogens that are difficult to treat.

Damage caused by mice in the home is not only a deterioration in health. Gray rodents spoil food supplies and chew through packages of cookies, flour, and cereals. There are other unpleasant moments:

There is a risk of damage to the wires;
Excrement left by pests in different places, not a place in a person’s home;
Rodents rustle in the kitchen and pantry at night, disturbing the owners’ sleep;
An unpleasant “mouse” smell can be heard from under the linoleum and baseboards; nimble rodents appear suddenly and often frighten household members.

You can catch a mouse without a mousetrap, or you can make several devices with your own hands at home different types for catching nimble rodents. Traps are either disposable or reusable.

The owners will need items that are always at home: a bucket, a plastic bottle, glass containers, bait, plywood. Do-it-yourself mousetraps and mouse traps are in no way inferior to factory-made products; the cost of simple traps is much lower.

First you need to find the hole from which the nimble rodents come out, and determine the approximate number of mice.

Sometimes there are so many pests that they calmly move around the house not only at night, but also during the day, despite the presence of residents.

for greater efficiency, owners who have experienced the effect of trapping containers recommend installing several devices;

one more nuance - the bait for mice should have a bright aroma. Good options: flour, fried seeds, lard, smoked sausage, cheese;

Don’t despair if rodents bypassed one trap: you’ll have to try another option, fortunately, it’s costly homemade devices minimal.

Jar traps

How to proceed:

Wash the liter container and roll it up with a metal lid;
Carefully cut the surface with a knife from the center, like a cake, slightly bend the sharp teeth down in the central part;
inside, put a piece of smoked sausage or lard, wheat grains, fresh bread or crispy crackers;
attracted by the smell of the bait, the mouse will penetrate the jar, but sharp strips of tin will prevent it from getting out.

From a plastic bottle

How to make:

Wash the container (preferably with a volume of 2 liters, no less), cut off the upper part in the narrowing area (you will get a base and a cone);
cut off the neck from the smaller part so that a mouse can get into the hole;
turn the cone over, insert it into the lower part, seal with tape the junction of the plastic elements;
put bait with a pleasant smell at the bottom of the bottle; the gray rodent smells the alluring aroma, makes its way inside through the hole, but does not get back out.

We use a bucket

How to proceed:

You will need any bucket and a metal rod or a round wooden stick;
Mount a rod into the upper part of the container, first place a plastic bottle or tin can on it;
The main task is to achieve free rotation of the container if you press lightly on it;
Place the prepared trap next to the mouse hole, place it on the top of a tin or plastic container bait with a bright smell;
The mouse smells cheese, lard or sausage, climbs onto the bottle, the container turns over, and the rodent falls down; For the operation to be successful, the bottle must be placed closer to the edge of the bucket so that the rodent can easily climb onto it.

Glue traps

The method of catching rodents is quite simple, but effective. The only drawback is the unaesthetic and inhumane nature of the method. How to proceed:

buy special glue for rodents, a base for a trap (thick cardboard, plywood, shallow plastic tray);
Thickly coat the surface with glue and place aromatic bait on the central part;
On the way to the bait, the rodent will stick to the sticky surface. Remove the pest from adhesive base will not work.

The owners will only have to destroy the mouse and throw away the trap.

Prevention of occurrence

Owners of private houses and residents of lower floors should be especially careful: the risk of encountering dangerous rodents increases. Following simple rules will help prevent the penetration of gray pests. How to proceed:

Seal cracks in baseboards and floors, replace dried out trims;
Call sanitary services for unscheduled deratization if rodents are actively breeding in the basement of a high-rise building;
Maintain cleanliness and order in the home, do not clutter the pantry; Take out the trash on time and do not accumulate food waste;
Wipe thoroughly dinner table, sweep away crumbs, never leave food in open containers overnight;
Do not store flour, pasta, or cereals for future use: bulk products often spoil, harmful bugs and rodents contaminate them with their excrement;
If mice frequently enter an apartment, cellar or private house, use an ultrasonic repeller.

The modern device will reliably protect residential and utility rooms from gray pests. Repellers are effective not only against mice, but also drive rats out of their homes. When mice appear, you should not rely only on pesticides.

Many owners successfully use trapping containers made from scrap materials.

The article contains answers to the question: “How to make a mouse trap with your own hands?” Through simple experiments you can choose best option home trap for catching nimble pests.

Neighborhood with rodents is fraught with the development of many problems. Mice mercilessly spoil food and chew furniture. And they consider wiring a special delicacy. Gnawing wires often causes fires in the house. In addition, mice are carriers of many infectious diseases, dangerous for both humans and pets. Therefore, when you notice the first rodents or their droppings, immediately begin to fight.

Benefits of homemade traps

When a house is attacked by rodents, there is a desire to get rid of them as quickly as possible. For these purposes, many poisonous chemicals, repellent devices or newfangled mousetraps have been developed. However, do not rush to purchase such funds. Experience has shown that an effective trap can be made within a few minutes. This device has four advantages compared to purchased products.

Does not contain toxic substances. Chemicals are essentially poisons. They are toxic not only to rodents. Toxic substances can cause intoxication in humans or pets. Homemade mouse traps that you use cardboard or bottles will not harm you or your pets.
No need to leave home. Since you do not use poisons, there is no need to transport children to their grandmothers, or your beloved pets to friends.
The house is not in danger of unsanitary conditions. Another disadvantage of toxic substances is the inability to control the death of rodents. A poisoned mouse can climb into a hole and die there. Now imagine if it is not one rodent, but several at once. To eliminate the smell, you will have to break the walls, provided you know where the hole is. A mousetrap allows you to avoid this fate. You will always see the rodent you come across.
Saving . Having decided to fight with mousetraps, you will note with disappointment that effective means They're not cheap. And to eliminate rodents you will need at least several traps. Homemade designs will help protect your budget.

Another advantage of homemade traps is the ability reusable. If you master the technology of creating a mousetrap, you can use it at any time. There will be no need to waste energy searching for the complex design you once acquired.

Lures

No matter how original your trap is, you need to get the mice to fall into it. We need bait. When it comes to rodents, one immediately thinks of a piece of cheese. This seems obvious. However, on hard cheese your “tenants” may not take the bait. The following products are recognized as the most effective baits:

sunflower seeds;
a piece of bread dipped in sunflower oil;
smoked sausage;
fresh or fried lard;
Sesame oil.

Device options

Human ingenuity has no limits. Look around. You are surrounded by many objects that can serve as the basis for making effective trap. So, arm yourself with the tools at hand and start crafting using the following seven ideas.

With elastic band for banknotes

Peculiarities. The mousetrap you make will allow you to catch only one rodent. Place the device near the proposed hole. The animal is attracted by the aroma of the bait. He runs into the bottle and pulls out the fixed food. The paperclip slides through the hole easily. The thread flies off the straight end. The neck of the bottle, no longer held in place, slams shut. The mouse is trapped.

Materials:

2 liter plastic bottle with a cap (it’s better to take a square one) - one;
elastic band for money - two;
thin stick - two;
strong thread - 30-40 cm long;
bait - one;
metal clip - one.

What to do

Step back from the neck approximately 15-20 cm (by a third), make a cut with a sharp knife, moving in a transverse direction.
Don't cut all the way through, leave one of the four sides intact if your bottle is square. You should end up with a “chest” with a folding top neck.
Place the workpiece so that the uncut side is on top.
Heat an awl over the fire.
Do it to them through holes in a cone-shaped blank at the bottom, departing from the cut by 5-7 cm.
Insert one of the sticks into the resulting holes.
Repeat the procedure for making holes in a larger workpiece, stepping back from the first holes by the length of the elastic band.
Insert a second stick into these holes.
On one and the other side of the bottle, put elastic bands on the ends of the sticks.
Now take a strong thread and tie one end of it to the neck of the bottle.
Be sure to screw the lid on the neck, otherwise your “captive” will easily crawl out through the hole.
If you did everything correctly, then by pulling the thread you can open your “chest”.
Unfold the metal clip.
Make a ring from one part, put the bait in it, and secure it tightly.
Leave the other end of the paperclip straight.
Make another hole at the base of the bottle with a hot awl.
Insert a paperclip into this hole so that the bait is inside the bottle and the straight end comes out.
Tie the free end of the thread to it.
Pull the rope so that the neck of the bottle opens 90º.

Nail and thread

Peculiarities. The mouse, attracted by the bait, will make its way into the bottle. She, under the force of gravity, will tip down, but will not fall to the floor, but will hang in the air along with the captive.

Materials:

plastic bottle (1.5 l or 2 l) - one;
nail - one;
thread - 20-30 cm long;
bait - one.

What to do:

Cut off the neck of a plastic bottle.
Step back 1-2 cm from the cut and make a hole with a hot awl.
Thread the end of the thread into this hole and tie it tightly.
Place bait in the bottle at the very end.
Install homemade mousetrap on the table so that part of the bottle (the one in which the bait lies) remains suspended.
Tie the second end of the thread to a fixed nail.

Only plastic bottle

Peculiarities. The mousetrap must be placed near the hole. The mouse will easily get inside the bottle. And sharp teeth will prevent her from crawling back out.

Materials:

plastic bottle - one;
bait - one.

What to do

Cut off the neck of a plastic bottle. You will need the part that has the bottom left.
Form the cut edge in a zigzag pattern.
Try to make long “petals”.
Bend the sharp edges inside the bottle.
Place bait in the middle.

Bucket with water

Peculiarities. Such a trap will allow you to catch not one, but several rodents. But you can’t call her humane. The mouse falls into a bucket of water and dies. Place the structure near the proposed hole. The mouse will smell the bait, rush to it, and easily climb up the “slide.” But, stepping on a freely rotating bottle, he will lose his balance and fall into a bucket of water.

Materials:

large bucket - one;
metal knitting needle - one;
plastic bottle or can- one;
board - two;
scotch;
bait.

What to do

Pour water into the bucket, filling a third or half of the volume.
Pierce the jar or bottle with a knitting needle lengthwise.
Develop the holes a little so that the bottle rotates easily on the knitting needle.
Using tape, attach to plastic container bait
Place the knitting needle on the bucket.
Place boards on both sides of the bucket, creating “slides”.

Made of wood

Peculiarities. Rodents, attracted by the fragrant food, will try to get into the hole. But a thread will block their path. The mouse will chew through it to get to the bait. As soon as the thread loosens, the spring is activated and the trap slams shut, firmly fixing the rodent.

Materials:

block of wood - 120×90 mm, height 40 mm;
drill;
wire;
threads;
bait.

What to do

Initially, sketch out the diagram, marking the centers of the trap holes.
Apply markings to the block.
Using a drill (30 mm), make blind holes, 75-80 mm long, into three cells at once.
Make a wire loop that will allow you to attach a noose to the mousetrap.
Now drill some holes to secure the springs and hinges.
You will need a thread to tie the spring.
Loading this trap is very easy. You just need to place the bait inside the blind holes.

Electric

Peculiarities. Never touch iron surfaces until the power is turned off. And if you are not an expert in electronics, then it is better to use other, safer methods of rodent control.

Materials:

metal platform;
wires;
peanut butter as bait.

What to do

Connect one contact to metal platform, along which the rodent will run.
Raise the other contact above the platform.
Coat this edge generously with peanut butter.
Attach a plug to the end of the wire and plug it into the network.

Adhesive

Peculiarities. This is one of the most brutal methods of dealing with mice. It is accompanied by the squeaks and cries of animals trying to escape. Therefore, try not to be away for a long time in order to have time to unstick the rodent, which you will then release in the forest, away from home.

Materials:

cardboard (or plywood) - a small sheet;
glue (purchase from a specialty store);
bait.

What to do

Apply a layer of glue to the surface of the cardboard.
Place bait in the center.
Place a sticky trap near the hole.

Preventive actions

To say goodbye to rodents forever, you need to reconsider your habits and introduce new rules. Ignoring preventive measures will lead to the reappearance of mice in your apartment. There are very simple recommendations to protect against rodent invasion:

supplies - store cereals and sugar in special containers, or better yet, in glass containers;
aromas - place onion peels, pieces of garlic, laurel leaves on the shelves in cabinets that can repel mice;
audit - regularly inspect supplies for the presence of various pests and black lumps that characterize the appearance of uninvited guests;
garbage collection - regularly remove waste from the house, and always close the trash can with a lid;
“friends” - get a cat in the house, and if you live in a private house, then hang a birdhouse that attracts birds of prey that feed on rodents to your area.

Rodents do not like order; they avoid those houses in which there is no trash, and leftover food does not remain on the tables. Therefore, in order not to wage a cruel and merciless war, regularly clean your home.

It’s not uncommon for people’s homes to have such unfriendly neighbors as mice. Of course, the first thing that comes to mind to an ordinary person- this is to get rid of an unwanted guest who causes harm to property and products. Someone will consider it necessary to buy a ready-made mousetrap, because... doesn’t see anything complicated in it, and some people can’t afford it for other reasons.

Benefits of using homemade traps

One of the most attractive advantages of these mousetraps is the price. You can easily acquire such a trap using improvised means, or it is not as expensive as in the case of one purchased in a store.

Rodents are quite smart creatures, so some of them quickly discern the trick of ordinary mousetraps and the degree of their danger, even despite the seductiveness of the bait.

One more advantage can be highlighted - this is humanity, because store mousetraps were originally invented for the complete extermination of pests, because Various toxic substances are added to them.

While homemade ones are much less likely to lead to the death of a rodent. They are safer than store-bought ones, an especially useful advantage if there are small children or pets in the house.

Varieties of homemade mousetraps

Trap made from a jar and paper

A piece of writing paper is placed over the neck of the jar, which must be wide in order to ensure that the rodent does not escape from the situation, which creates a visual illusion. The selected bait is placed above the jar, or rather the paper. If a mouse pecks at the bait, it will definitely try to get to it, leaning its hind legs on the paper, thereby falling into the jar.

Mousetrap made from a jar and lid

The jar, also with a wide neck, is closed with a tin lid. A hole is cut in the center of this cover so that the mouse can get in. And the teeth, which will prevent the mouse from getting out into the wild, are bent inside the can. As a rule, bait is placed at the bottom of the jar. For this mousetrap, it is recommended to choose a special bait, this is necessary so that the prey is lured into the jar by the smell. Such bait can be smoked sausage, ordinary seeds, as well as wheat grains.

Mousetrap with bucket and plastic bottle

To catch mice on a large scale, you can make the following trap. If desired, add water if you plan to kill the mice. To make it, stock up on such tools as a bucket, a long knitting needle, or another hard twig, a plastic bottle and bait of course, as well as tape. A knitting needle is inserted along the bottle, in the center of the top and lower parts. This is done in order to ensure that the bottle moves without interference. The bottle is located in the middle relative to the edges of the knitting needle. Now you will need some tape to secure the bait around the perimeter of the bottle. Scotch tape should be used in moderation so as not to interrupt the smell of the bait. A knitting needle with a bottle is placed on the edges of the bucket.

If the plan was to catch a lot of mice, then it is worth making holes along the edges of the bucket to thread the edges of the knitting needles so that they do not break the prepared structure. The spoke should rotate without interference. Next, a pair of slats are fixed on both sides of the bucket to organize a path for the mouse to the bottle with bait.

Mousetrap using gravity

Here again a plastic bottle comes into use, but using the gravity method.

Mousetrap with bait in the form of a support

Any cup, bowl, deep plate is suitable. Everything is very simple here, the container is secured so that it is suspended, and bait is placed under it for support.

Mousetrap made from a plastic bottle

First, the bottle is cut in half into 2/3 parts, in the end you get the neck of the bottle and the second half of the bottle. Then it all comes together. The smaller half of the bottle is attached with tape or wire, with the neck down, into the larger one. To make it attractive, the neck of the bottle is greased with oil, and the bottom is strewn with seeds or bread crumbs.

Important! Due to its light weight, the bottle can easily fall, so it would be better to attach it to any surface.

Bucket mousetrap

This method is also suitable for mass catching of mice. A wire is taken, this wire is attached along the bucket, and a bottle is put on the wire. Bait is placed on top of the bottle. A path to the bucket can be constructed using a plank so that the mouse can reach the bottle. The bucket is filled halfway with water. Subsequently, the mouse is led to the bait, making its way along the plank to the bottle, which will have to turn over, in a rotating motion.

Glass jar mousetrap

The jar is placed on its side, the bait is placed on double-sided tape, and all this is installed on the bottom of the jar. For support, use a 5 ruble coin, which is placed on its edge. As a result, the mouse should touch the can, and it will turn over, blocking the exit to the outside. Ready.

Glue mousetraps

To begin with, accordingly, purchase glue specifically designed for rodents and insects. Next is taken cardboard product, other similar ones are also suitable stationery. Glue is applied in strips.

Mousetrap made of wood

In a beam with parameters 180x100x60 mm, holes with a diameter of 3 cm and a depth of 6 cm are drilled, this is done for the entrance intended for mice. The wire loop should attach a noose made of another wire, which will be smaller than the first. Holes are also drilled to install the springs.

The number of loops, nooses and springs is made equal to the number of holes. The rope is taken to secure the spring ready for action. The bait is placed in the holes. So rodents, trying to get to the bait, hit the rope with their teeth. The rope, in turn, contributes to the reaction of the spring and the noose.

Each method that was discussed in this article is well suited in its own way for effectively catching mice. All you have to do is make sure you have the necessary funds and get down to business.

Sections