The simplest DIY electric motor. Do-it-yourself electric motor: instructions for assembling a homemade mechanism
It is always interesting to observe changing phenomena, especially if you yourself participate in the creation of these phenomena. Now we will assemble a simple (but actually working) electric motor, consisting of a power source, a magnet and a small coil of wire, which we will make ourselves.
There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor. A secret that is both clever and amazingly simple. Here's what we need:
1 meter of wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).
0.3 meters of bare wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).
1.5V battery or accumulator.
Holder with contacts for battery.
We'll start by winding the coil, the part of the motor that will rotate. To make the coil sufficiently smooth and round, we wind it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on an AA battery.
Leaving 5 cm of wire free at each end, we wind 15-20 turns on a cylindrical frame.
Do not try to wind the reel particularly tightly and evenly; a slight degree of freedom will help the reel better retain its shape.
Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to maintain the resulting shape.
Then wrap the loose ends of the wire around the coils several times to maintain the shape, making sure that the new fastening coils are exactly opposite each other.
The coil should look like this:
Now is the time for the secret, the feature that will make the engine work. This is a secret because it is a subtle and non-obvious technique and is very difficult to detect when the motor is running. Even people who know a lot about how engines work can be surprised by a motor's ability to perform until they discover this subtlety.
Holding the spool upright, place one of the free ends of the spool on the edge of the table. Using a sharp knife, remove the top half of the insulation, leaving the bottom half in the enamel insulation.
Do the same with the other end of the coil, making sure that the bare ends of the wire are facing up at the two free ends of the coil.
What is the point of this technique? The coil will rest on two holders made of bare wire. These holders will be attached to different ends of the battery so that electric current can flow from one holder through the coil to the other holder. But this will only happen when the bare halves of the wire are lowered down, touching the holders.
Now you need to make a support for the coil. They are simply coils of wire that support the coil and allow it to rotate. They are made of bare wire, since in addition to supporting the coil, they must deliver electric current to it.
Simply wrap each piece of bare wire around a small nail and you have your desired motor part.
The foundation of our first The electric motor will have a battery holder. This will be a suitable base because when installed battery it will be heavy enough to the electric motor did not tremble.
Assemble the five pieces together as shown in the picture (without the magnet first). Place a magnet on top of the battery and gently push the coil...
If everything is done correctly, the REEL WILL START ROTATING FAST! We hope that for you, as in our experiment, everything will work the first time.
If the engine still does not work, check everything carefully electrical connections. Does the reel rotate freely? Is the magnet close enough (if not, install additional magnets or trim wire holders)?
When the motor starts, the only thing you need to pay attention to is that the battery does not overheat, since the current is quite high. Simply remove the coil and the chain will be broken.
Terms.
This will require following materials and tools:
- medical syringe (this homemade product uses a 20 ml syringe);
- insulated copper wire with a diameter of 0.45 mm and a length of about 5 m;
- copper wire with a diameter of 2.5 millimeters;
- neodymium flat magnets 2 pieces;
- board for making a wooden base;
- hot glue gun;
- a tube of super glue;
- Krona battery with a voltage of 9 volts.
Let's start by making the basis of our engine - the electromagnetic cylinder. Let's make its body from a 20 ml medical syringe. Such a syringe can be purchased not only at the pharmacy, but also in service centers or stores that sell and service office equipment. Employees of such centers use syringes to refill inkjet printer cartridges and, as a rule, they mainly use syringes of the required volume, namely 20 ml. We take the syringe and first remove the plunger; it will not be needed. Using a hacksaw, cut off part of the syringe (the mark is the 15 ml division).
We put the excess aside, and we will continue to work with this workpiece.
Next you will need thin copper insulated wire. In this homemade product, a wire 5 meters long with a cross-section of 0.45 mm was used.
It must be tightly wound in one direction in several layers onto the cylinder obtained from the syringe.
We twist the ends of the wire together in this way. We fix the winding with superglue.
Then you will need thick copper wire from which we will make the crankshaft and connecting rod.
First, let's remove the insulation.
Next, using pliers, we shape the wire into the shape of a crankshaft.
From the remaining part of the wire, using pliers, we will make the next part - a connecting rod. To make it, you need to bend the wire at both ends as shown below.
Then we connect both parts (connecting rod and crankshaft) together. To fix the connecting rod on the crankshaft, two pieces of insulation from the copper wire from which these parts were made are used. First you need to put on one piece of insulation, then the connecting rod and then another piece of insulation.
Next you will need two neodymium magnets of such a diameter that they can easily move inside the cylinder.
You will also need a part of a similar shape (it can be made, for example, from wood), which we attach to magnets with hot glue.
Then we fix the resulting part as follows:
Then you will need wooden base and two wooden support posts. These design parts can be made from any material, the main condition is that it should not conduct electric current. But I believe that this design the easiest way to make it is from a piece of wood (in in this case boards), since wood is very available material and quite easy to process.
Based on this, we outline the future location of the cylinder and support posts. Then use hot glue to fix the cylinder on wooden blank grounds.
Next, insert the crankshaft into the support stands. Then use hot glue to fix the racks to the base according to the markings.
Then, using small pieces of insulation, we limit the movement of the shaft in the support posts.
We install a flywheel on one side of the crankshaft. It will ensure smoother engine operation.
Then you will need two contacts made of copper wire, which must be secured to the base using a self-tapping screw with a wide washer.
Then we connect the cylinder winding to the contacts. Before connecting, the ends of the winding must be cleaned of insulation (varnish).
To understand the manufacturing process asynchronous electric motor With your own hands you should know its structure and operating principle. If you follow the step-by-step instructions, make your own design with minimal costs on materials, since improvised means are used during assembly.
Preparation of materials
Before starting assembly, you must ensure that you have the necessary materials:
- insulating tape;
- thermal and superglue;
- battery;
- several bolts;
- bicycle spoke;
- wire made of copper material;
- metal plate;
- nut and washer;
- plywood.
It is necessary to prepare several tools, including pliers, tweezers, a knife, and scissors.
Manufacturing
First, the wire is wound uniformly. It is carefully wound onto a reel. To make the process easier, you can use a base, for example, a rechargeable battery. The winding density should not be high, but light is also not needed.
The resulting coil must be removed from the base. Do this carefully so that the winding is not damaged. This is necessary to make a speed controller for the engine with your own hands. The next step is to remove the insulation at the ends of the wire.
At the next stage, they make a frequency converter for the electric motor with their own hands. The design is simple. A hole is drilled in 5 plates with an electric drill, then they should be put on a bicycle spoke, which is taken as an axle. The plates are pressed, and they are fixed using electrical tape, the excess is cut off using a stationery knife.
When an electric current passes through the coil, the frequency generator creates a magnetic field near itself, which disappears after the electric current is turned off. Taking advantage of this property, one should attract and release metal parts, while turning on and off the electric current.
Manufacturing of current interrupting device
Taking the record small sizes, fasten it to the axis, pressing the structure with pliers for reliability. Next, they make the armature winding of the electric motor with their own hands. To do this, you need to take unvarnished copper wire.
Connect one end of it to a metal plate, installing an axis on its surface. The electric current will pass through the entire structure, consisting of a plate, a metal breaker and an axis. When contacting the breaker, the circuit is closed and opened, which makes it possible to connect an electromagnet and then turn it off.
Making a frame
The frame is necessary because the electric motor does not allow you to hold this device with your hands. The frame structure is made from plywood.
Making an inductor
2 holes are made in the plywood structure; subsequently, the electric motor coil is secured here with bolts. Such supports perform the following functions:
- anchor support;
- performing the function of an electrical wire.
After connecting the plates, the structure should be pressed with bolts. To ensure that the anchor is secured in a vertical position, a frame is made of a metal bracket. Three holes are drilled in its design: one of them is equal in size to the axis, and two are equal to the diameter of the screws.
Cheek making process
You need to put paper on the nut, and punch a hole on top with a bolt. After putting the paper on the bolt, a washer is placed at the top of it. In total, four such details should be done. The nuts are screwed onto the upper cheek, a washer should be placed underneath and the structure is secured with hot glue. The frame structure is ready.
Next, you need to rewind the wire for electric motors yourself. The end of the wire is wound onto the frame, while twisting the ends of the wire so that the coil is beautiful and presentable. Next, unscrew the nuts and remove the bolt. The beginning and end of the wire are cleaned of varnish, and then the structure is installed on the bolt.
Having made the second coil in a similar way, you need to connect the structure and check how the electric motor works. The bolt head is connected to the positive. Should be carried out smooth start electric motor assembled with your own hands.
You should pay close attention to your contacts. Before starting, you should check that they are connected thoroughly. The structure must be glued with superglue. As the current increases, the electric motor power increases.
If the coils are connected in parallel, then the total resistance decreases and increases electric current. If the structure is connected in series. then the total resistance increases, and the electric current greatly decreases.
Passing through the coil structure, an increase in electric current is observed, which leads to an increase in size magnetic field. In this case, the electric magnet strongly attracts the electric motor armature.
If the design is assembled correctly, the electric motor operates quickly and efficiently. To assemble a model of an electric motor, you do not need any special skills or knowledge.
You can find it on the Internet step by step instructions with photos at each stage. Taking advantage of this, anyone can quickly assemble an electric motor from scrap materials.
Photos of electric motors with your own hands
Hello dear readers of the column! Today we invite you to make the simplest electric battery motor(see). Although this engine is quite simple to make, this lesson It will be quite interesting and educational.
In order to make an electric motor from a battery, we will need:
— AA battery;
- thin-nose pliers;
- a magnet, preferably round;
- copper wire.
Making an electric motor
From copper wire (read), use thin-nose pliers to bend a heart-shaped figure (see photo below), which should be bent so as to have a fastening and center of gravity at one point (this is important for the stability and rotation of the structure). We place the minus battery on the magnet. Using thin-nose pliers, make a small dent on the positive side of the battery (one end of the copper wire will be placed on it). Now we put a copper wire structure on the battery and watch how our electric motor begins to rotate.
Electric motor made of battery and magnet
Why does it work
Electric motor from a battery begins to work because the movement of charged particles that occurs in the wire ( electric charge) is exposed to a magnetic field that deflects the direction of their movement. In physics, this deviation is called the Lorentz force.
For a better understanding of the entire process, watch this video.
Making an electric motor from what you have at hand is not at all difficult.
I came across the idea for such a motor on the website www.crafters.ucoz.ru As you can see in the photo above, for the motor we will need adhesive tape, a couple of pins, a magnet, a battery and a piece of copper wire.
Instead of a regular battery, it is better to take a battery because the battery charge for such an electric motor will not last long. Take copper wire and wind 30-50 turns around the battery.
Secure the ends of the wire to the opposite edges of the resulting rotor; they will serve as the axis. They can be tied in a knot.
Clean both ends of the wire from varnish insulation sandpaper or a knife.
Now take a battery, tape and pins, attach the pins with tape to the battery contacts, insert the prepared copper rotor into the ears of the pins.
ATTENTION! At this moment, the circuit of our rotor closes the battery contacts and it is not recommended to keep this structure in a “quiet” position for a long time! The battery electrolyte can get very hot, so do not make the rotor less than 30 turns, the more the better (more resistance). Now place a magnet under the rotor on the battery, it will “stick” to the battery itself. The rotor will begin to rotate quickly.
The rotor should not touch the magnet and it would be even better if the magnet is at a distance of 5-10 mm from the rotor. Try the magnet in different positions, rotate it, try to move it away from the copper rotor, achieve maximum speed rotation.
This is the simplest example of an electric motor; we went over its circuit diagram more than once in physics lessons at school, but for some reason we were never shown this simple and interesting design:) Let's watch a video of how this homemade motor works.
[video lost by rutube]