Stairs – bearing structures buildings serving for vertical communication between floors. When designing a staircase made of stacked reinforced concrete steps on steel stringers, it is important to pay special attention to the connection between the individual parts of the staircase.

If the supporting structures of the flight of stairs and the interfloor landing are channels, then they can be connected using mounting element from a hot-rolled angle, to which the supporting structures are attached by welding.

Using standard parts from the GraphhiCS SPDS database, you can quickly draw the junction of the staircase to the interfloor landing (If you have not yet installed this program, you can do this using ). A drawing created in this way in AutoCAD will be dynamic, i.e. easy to make changes.

See the video for more details.

In this article we will get acquainted with the LIRA program interface, and also calculate a beam on two supports with a uniformly distributed load. Lira program commands discussed in the lesson: Selecting a design feature Creating a new file Arranging nodes Creating bars Installing fasteners Assigning rigidities Applying loads Static calculation Reading calculation results Saving a calculation file. Watch the video tutorial for more details. […]

When not one floor, but two or three are planned in a residential building, it is imperative to think through a design that will lead to upper tiers. Drawing metal stairs, created based on measurements, will help facilitate the work and make the arrangement process accessible.

Schemes and drawings of metal stairs

The design of a metal staircase has all the necessary safety and durability parameters. That is why they often rely on this type of product. The metal is practically not susceptible to corrosion, advantageously emphasizes the style of the room and brings rigor and elegance to the design. Looking at the wide variety of metal stairs on offer, you can understand that even a person who has no experience in such incarnations can make them with his own hands.

Drawing with dimensions of a metal staircase

The most important thing is to choose a design that will be feasible to draw, prepare and install in the space of the room or outside it.

Advantages

Flaws

1. One of the disadvantages is the bulkiness of the gangway and railings. But thanks to the skills of modern developers, you can easily select a circuit that will best match the load for a particular room.
2. Some bends and decorative elements difficult to implement without special skills.

Based on the priorities and shortcomings of the material and design as a whole, you can bet in favor or against such a decision.

Metal staircase on stringers

It is much easier to make a drawing of a metal staircase if the structure is equipped with the help of stringers. This is due to the fact that you need to calculate the distance for each step and prepare the material that will subsequently be fixed to the base. Stringers are the base (foundation) in the form of a future staircase.

It can be made from different materials and be secured as required by the premises. Of course, to purchase suitable stringers, measurements are still required.

After all, the design must fit the parameters of the space allocated for the stairs. A ladder on metal stringers will help even inexperienced craftsmen complete the installation task.

The main thing is to correctly mark the place where the gangway will be located. And also have on hand the tools and materials necessary to implement this idea in your own home.

Advantages

Metal staircase design option

Due to the fact that gangways equipped with stringers have earned their vocation, positive sides such a solution is obvious:

• This makes the work process easier;
• Allows you to easily organize the order of actions;
• Such structures are strong and durable;
• Thanks to stringers, even an inexperienced specialist or just a home owner will be able to realize his plans and make them a reality;
• This element allows you to devote more time to details and design experiments that will decorate.

These are not all the positive aspects of staircases on stringers; each owner of a private house finds his own independent advantages.

Flaws

It is necessary to correctly determine the size of the base for the steps so that the structure fits clearly into the interior. It is not difficult to make such calculations. Simply measure the height, angle and width of the required installation.

How to make a drawing of a metal staircase

Make your own drawing of a metal staircase with my own hands simple enough. To do this, you need to take measurements of the space in which the steps leading to the second floor will be located.

Required materials for measuring

In order to measure space, you should have the following accessories on hand:

• Tape measure with maximum length;
• Surface level meter;
• Chalk or a special felt-tip pen that can be used to make the necessary marks on the wall, floor and ceiling.

This is a minimum set of accessories that will help you carry out the measurement process efficiently and quickly.

Required materials for the drawing

To make the diagram as accurate and correct as possible, you should also prepare a number of stationery items. Namely:

• A sharpened pencil or black marker with a thin tip;
• A sheet of paper or whatman paper;
• Ruler;
• Compass.

You should draw the diagram carefully and carefully so that during the actual installation process you do not make errors that are difficult to correct.

What parameters need to be measured

In order not to make a mistake and correctly make a drawing with your own hands, you will need to make the following measurements:

After taking measurements, you can transfer the recorded parameters onto a sheet of paper, forming a diagram of future gangways.

What nuances must be taken into account during the process?

When taking measurements, be sure to pay special attention to the following factors:

What types of metal stairs are there?

It can be different, but each of them is worthy and we often choose. The designs of metal stairs are:

Screw	Such gangways will help save maximum usable space in the room. The steps will favorably emphasize the sophistication of the design and add a spark to the overall picture of the interior space. The only thing that can stop you is the difficulty of implementing the drawing yourself. Without special skills, a person cannot cope with the measurements necessary for such complex design. And also the direct process of installing stair structures requires some skill and skill. Knowing all the features spiral staircase, a person will be able to implement the idea of ​​​​installing such a structure in a gangway. After the implementation of the plan, the interior will immediately sparkle with new colors.
Marching	This option is most often used to implement the idea of ​​​​installing staircase structures. For such an array it is easy to draw a diagram even for those who have never encountered such a task before. Marching stairs can be straight, leading to the second floor or with turns (this helps to save space). Measuring the parameters required for drawing any of these types of gangways is very simple. Enough to have on hand necessary tools and devices. Direct installation of the structure is also elementary. You just have to stick to it step-by-step actions, which can be read about in any thematic literature.
Mounted	There are structures leading to the second floor that are supported on the wall. No supports are installed under such structures. The main load-bearing and load-bearing structure is the wall. Therefore, before proceeding, you should make sure that the walls are strong and ready to withstand such a high load. If yes, then you can safely equip a hanging metal staircase. Such a staircase will help save space and make the style of the room elegant.

When designing the stairs, materials from Series 1.050.9-4.93 were used. The width of flights of stairs is accepted as 1.2 m. The steps are adopted according to STB 1169-99 L=1500mm.

dwg format

Description of design

Stringers are adopted according to Series 1.050.9-4.93, issue 3, wall and front beams - according to Series 1.050.9-4.93, issue 3

Element interface units - according to Series 1.050.9-4.93 issue 0-1.

In the order for steps it must be specified that all main steps LS-12 and LS-15 must have M1 embedded parts for fastening stair railing posts, taking into account the option of stairs with clockwise rise. Staircase landings are designed according to Series 1.050.9-4.93, issue 0-0. BNB 5.03.01-02

The stringers are attached to the platform beams using M16 bolts. After checking the correct position of the mounted structures, the bolt nuts must be secured by welding them to the bolt rod, or by hammering the threads.

Welding is carried out using electrodes E-42 hshv.=6mm according to GOST-5264-80.

Stringers and beams are covered with steel woven mesh 1-R-12-1.6 GOST 8536-80 and plastered with cement-sand mortar M50 25 mm thick.

The beams rest on the rear mounted on a monolithic belt

The most important. What profile are the stringers made of? Is it possible to calculate anything using dimensions and mass? Be prepared that with such drawings at the construction site they will put whatever is at hand.

Further. If the steps are according to GOST, why draw them? I don’t remember whether they have fastenings on the bottom or not, but if not, no one will most likely put them there for you, especially since in some cases there are loops for slinging. And the absence of loops must again be specified in the drawings and agreed with the installation organization. And why these mortgages? Weld a step? I’ve never seen them welded, they just put one on top of the other and that’s it. And again, you don’t have a unit for this and it’s not written anywhere, so at the construction site they won’t even think about cooking.

On the reinforcement of the sites for positions 1 and 2, show with arrows the distribution of the reinforcement, although if the quantity and pitch are calculated normally, then you can get by, but for clarity, I would put it from the “fool”, and they are in SPDS.

There is some kind of tricky marking on the reinforcement of the beam (brackets like this, brackets like that). If you want one, please explain in the OD. If they differ only in the embeds, they would make 1 drawing with all the embeds and a positional leader shown, for example, “Zd-1 only for BM-1.” It is unclear what the “l” (staircase?) in the brand in brackets means and why it is in brackets and why at all.

In general, forget about the mortgages in the steps, indicate which channel for the stringers and everything will be ok. The main thing is that the stringers are properly selected, and the foreman will sort out the rest himself at the construction site. =)

Yes, now you come across such foremen (not very smart). you give them detailed drawings, they will still “terarize” with their calls for half a year. And thanks for the comments.

And as for the steps, placing one on top of the other is not allowed by any examination in the seismic region. (Especially in in this case 9 points)

Which profile of the stringer is indicated in the specification on sheet KZh-61, drawings are also given there.

Thanks for your comments.

A couple more notes:
1. When reinforced landing if 20 mm is indicated to the reinforcing bar and it is drawn with one line, then it must be indicated that this is the protective layer of the reinforcement, and not the distance to the center.
2. If fences are indicated, then their fastening points are missing.
3. In a situation like yours, this is not QOL, but CR because it is both metal and concrete.
4. There is no need to indicate the dimensions and composition of floors that are not related to the stairs.
5. If there are holes in the embedded parts, it is necessary to indicate the diameter of the holes, otherwise, judging by the drawing, there are two holes D18 and there is 22 mm of clearance between them - it’s somehow strange :) did you look at the placement of the bolts according to the calculation? The metal in the section is shaded (well, maybe without SPDS it doesn’t show the hatching? :)).
6. What is the point of drawing out a serial stage if this is not a separate task for a reinforced concrete plant with its own parameters that are not included in the series? Moreover, the method of installing embedded parts in a step excludes the implementation of this operation on finished steps (so to speak, “in place”). And in this case there is no step reinforcement.
7. The sheets are not numbered THAT way - there is a separate column in the “SHEET” stamp. Stages of R.P. no longer, and it is written RP, and for this stage, by the way, everyone constructive solutions KR brand (again).
8. Notes from sheet 62 should be transferred to the first sheet - where there are general data and general instructions for erecting/manufacturing/installing the structure, etc.
PS. You don’t know what kind of foreman you’ll find at a construction site, so rely only on yourself.

I looked at the I-beams for the stringers. It's true. But why the hell did they settle in the “Specification of Stages”? What position, what designation?
What is “14-B”? If it is beam, then B1, for example. It’s better to indicate according to STO ASChM 20-93. That's not the point though.

Possibly about seismicity - I haven’t seen it. =) Then give me the node where the rear step is welded to the stringer, for good night, otherwise the reply in the explanation says that they say they cook everything and that’s how it goes with everything...

On sheet 58 at west. positions are not included in the special as for 60.
There are 61 leaves on the sheet in the west. made of steel C345. What for? But for 58 the corner is not indicated at all - you will get C235.

Umka, steps, by the way, GOST has both “concrete” and “reinforced concrete.” so whether to reinforce them or not is the owner’s business. But I prefer to give it.

I’m not being picky, I’m just asking, these are my thoughts. Good luck.

Thanks for your comments. Based on your comments, I will respond with the following:

1, I agree with you. At least some notes could have been added.
2, I also agree. but I considered it a trifle and didn’t show it (the builders will figure it out themselves without a drawing)
3, I agree, you yourself probably know how lazy our architects are; designers have to do 50% of the work for them. and what I showed in the QOL section metal constructions, according to GOST 21.501-93, in the QOL section it is allowed to show metallic ones, subject to the conditions of Appendix 14 (see at the end of GOST)
4, I also agree. This is information for foremen, so as not to ask again.
5, On the embedded parts everything is shown as it should be (apparently you don’t have SPDS)
6, According to GOST 21.501-93 Appendix 16, if additional embedded products are installed in prefabricated reinforced concrete products, then the designer is required to draw a formwork drawing of the product plus also show embedded parts.
7, I agree with the remark. (The architect numbered the AP, and I didn’t lag behind him either)
8, Notes can be moved, but as you can see, I don’t have room there.

Thanks again for your comments.

Specialized design programs significantly save time when developing drawings, calculating the main dimensions of structures, and drawing up accompanying documentation for products. In addition, using the programs, there is no doubt that all design stages will be carried out in compliance with existing SNiP and GOST standards. The article will help you understand how to build a staircase in AutoCAD.

Modeling

The program allows you to design structures for any purpose, even for a beginner who does not have much experience in using the system, which includes:

• Metal buildings for industrial and domestic purposes;
• Firefighters;
• Instructions for assembly and installation of any other design options.

The program has its own data library, which includes regulations to select a design, its parameters or SNiPs, and the rules for constructing the model. A series of regulations includes the basics of constructing metal structures, GOST standards for the materials used, requirements fire safety and basic urban planning rules.

The documentation or series regulates the basics of constructing structures and fencing for them, provides rules for proper installation of products and operation, and contains a list of additional elements.

Structural design procedure

Drawings made in AutoCad must comply with certain rules:

• First of all, center lines running through the center are drawn;
• The location of the march is tied to the walls of the building;
• On the main view, floor levels of the first and second floors are marked;
• All bends and bevels should be visible on the sections;
• On the installation diagram, behind the outline of the main projection of the product, the dimensions of the room and the placement of openings for windows and doors are drawn in thin lines.

To develop a drawing “for yourself,” these are the basic provisions for working with the program.

Type selection

Initially, you should choose the type of its design and material of manufacture.

Types in AutoCad

Types shown in the photo:

• a – straight single-flight;
• b – straight two-flight with an intermediate platform between the flights;
• c – L-shaped two-flight with a corner platform between the flights;
• d – U-shaped double-flight with an intermediate platform in the corner of the room;
• d – three-flight with platforms in the intervals between marches;
• e – single-flight curvilinear, located near the wall;
• g - single-flight curvilinear, located in a rectangular volume;
• h – screw;
• and – single-flight with a 90° turn and with winder steps;
• k – single-flight with a 90° turn, with lower and upper winder steps;
• l - single-flight with a 180° turn, with winder steps in the middle of the structure.

The choice of type is influenced by:

• The area allocated for its installation;
• Ceiling height;
• Architectural style.

The choice of material depends on the capital of the house and the degree of its fire resistance. The most convenient design, which ensures the safest ascent, is flat with one flight, with 15 steps.

March composition in AutoCad

How to draw in AutoCAD

When virtually creating a structure, ready-made blocks are used that are offered by the program - they can be edited by setting the required parameters. The composition includes several basic elements.

These include:

• Prefabricated steps;
• Area;
• Fencing;
• Railing.

Blocks for AutoCAD

In AutoCad, drawings are created by drawing up and selecting parameters for each specific element. The versatility of such computer software allows you to carry out and calculate in advance absolutely any design with or without a platform.

Elements of marches with platforms

The entire drawing is developed in section, which allows you to carefully view all selected elements. Each of them in the drawing shows not only the structure itself, but also all the main dimensions.

A set of ready-made documentation, which was developed in the AutoCad program, includes longitudinal and cross sections of objects, a specification with the necessary fasteners. Everything is done in compliance with the relevant GOSTs.

Steps and marches

Marches and nodes in AutoCad are carried out in accordance with GOST 9818-85.

The steps for them can be:

• Flat without friezes - LM;
• Ribbed with friezes - LMF;
• Ribbed, consisting of two half-platforms - LMP.

In this case, the flat ones are installed on the slab, and the ribbed types are installed on the stringer. At the same time, LMP flights have a large-sized structure, united together by a slab.

For each type of structure, a site is selected, included in the program.

Tip: You should pay attention to the turn - it can be right or left.

After the development of working drawings, an installation diagram for placing structural elements on construction site. To do this, each node in AutoCAD is marked with a specific mark, which are placed on the assembly drawing.

Wiring diagram

Design with specified parameters

As an example, we consider the most difficult option— creation of a structure in the AutoCad program. In this case, the steps from bottom to top are placed around a common post.

The user sets the radius on the screen, in the absence of restrictions on the trajectory of the model. In another case, the radius must be determined taking into account the given length of the tread and the parameters of its shape. To get the desired radius, you should adjust the length of the tread.

Initial design stage

To create a model given width tread on midline(T), you need:

• Form a structure twice as wide as the given distance (A);
• Using the Adapt Edge function, the outer edge is shifted to a position that matches the overall width B;
• The offset value is B - 2A.

Design

Tip: Before selecting tools, to display the Properties palette, you need to click sequentially: the “Home” tab, then the “Creation” panel, then the “Tools” drop-down list and Properties.

After that:

• Open the tool palette required for the job and select the desired tool;
• On the properties palette, go to the “Design” tab and expand the “General” and “Basic” nodes;
• The design style is selected;
• For the “Shape” parameter, select “Screw”;
• Sets the horizontal orientation;
• Sets the type of vertical orientation for the model;
• The “Dimensions” node expands.
• Sets the width, height and snapping;
• The method of completing the structure is determined;
• The radius is set;
• Select the type of dependency used for creation;
• Click the icon next to Calculation Rules and, if necessary, set:

1. Total length of the structure.
2. Total number of risers.
3. The height of all risers.
4. The width of each tread of the march.

• The “Advanced Options” palette expands;
• “Parameters for floors” are set;
• Installed minimum height or the number of steps in a flight or is set to “*NO*”;
• Set maximum height or the number of steps in a flight or the value “*NO*” is selected;
• Sets the center point;
• The location is specified;
• Development continues;
• Enter is pressed.

The video shows the construction of any structure in more detail.

Modern technologies can significantly save time on drawing development, wiring diagrams for metal structures, for the necessary calculations. The program allows you to get acquainted with all the corners of the staircase structure in 3D projection and see its location in the space of the room. By designing a section based on the model, you can get an idea of ​​its design, internal structure the entire building.

Application of specialized computer program allows you to significantly simplify and speed up construction in AutoCAD. However, if possible, better process entrust the development of drawings to a professional. The cost of even a small mistake turns out to be too high, because the staircase is one of the most important components of the building.