Electrical panel on the landing. Let's talk about the floor electrical panel of the house

“Power supply cut off on the line” - these words upset every person today. After all, a basic action becomes difficult to perform if there is no light in the apartment. The electrical panel located in the entrance is responsible for providing electricity to the apartments. Every resident should know where the lights in the house come from and who is responsible for safe work electrical panels This article will help you understand these issues.

Let there be light!

Electricity supply apartment building begins by connecting it to the nearest substation using a cable to the room where the electrical switchboard is located in an apartment building. There are three main categories of connections depending on the size of the home.

The first category is complex and is used for high-rise buildings, large industrial premises and objects of social significance. When installing it, two cables mutually redundant with each other and an ATS (automatic transfer switch) system are connected. This assumes that if one cable fails, the other will start working automatically. Thus, the house will remain without light for a few minutes.

The second category is a simplified version of the first. This connection also has two cables. Only if the first one breaks down, the second cable does not turn on automatically, but with the help of a dispatcher. In this case, the lights will come on in the house after the dispatcher connects the redundant cable.

The third category of energy supply is the simplest, consists of one cable and is used for houses no higher than five floors with gas stoves. If it breaks down, there is no way to connect the reserve and you have to wait until the repair is completed. The shutdown may take up to a day.

Light for every home

Regardless of how the house is connected to the substation, the cable leads to the electrical panel. This room is available in every house, if the house has multiple entrances - in each entrance.

Usually the electrical panel is located in separate room on the ground floor of the building, accessible only technical staff. A special panel or cabinet is installed in the room, from which electricity is distributed throughout the building.

Electricity is supplied through the main switchboard (main switchboard). The general electrical system consists of additional equipment, which is installed in the electrical panel:

• Distribution devices;
• Electricity supply lines;
• Switches and switches;
• Instruments for measuring electricity.

Layout of the electrical panel and all necessary devices must be included at the design stage of the building. Its description should indicate exact dimensions premises, its location and parameters of installed equipment.

From the “heart” of the electrical system, electricity flows to electrical panels located on each floor of the building. It is from them that the light enters the apartments.

The panel contains a number of electricity meters equal to the number of apartments on the floor with the corresponding numbers. IN modern houses additional electrical panels are installed directly in the apartments. This is very convenient, because during a power outage, when the switch pops up, there is no need to go out into the common corridor to turn it on again.

Who is responsible for the light?

If turning on the switch on the panel did not help, most likely the problems arose in common system power supply and the cause of breakdowns will have to be looked for in the electrical panel. Here you will have to wait for specialists.

Today at any management company There is an electrician on staff. All you have to do is call and report any problems. In special cases, for example in holidays Repairs are carried out by 24-hour emergency city services.

Residents of old houses most often have to sit without electricity, which is due to electrical panels that have completely expired. In order to solve this problem, you need to contact the Management Company with a request to replace the electrical panel.

In accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 491 dated August 13, 2006, the electrical panel is the property of the house. It follows that the replacement must be carried out by the management company.

Standards for the operation of electrical panels

To ensure uninterrupted operation of the electrical panel, compliance with requirements and standards is necessary. The room in which the equipment is located must be located on the ground floor of the building or in a dry basement.

It is strictly forbidden to install electrical switchboards above “wet” areas (bathtub, toilet), because current and water are incompatible. The location above living rooms can cause harm to the health of residents. Most often, electrical panels are located under the kitchen.

Access to the electrical room must be from the street. Doors must be fireproof and open outward. Requirements for the size of the doorway cannot be less than 0.75 m in width and 1.9 m in height. The premises must have natural ventilation, the temperature should not be lower than 5 degrees. in C. It is not recommended to lay in the electrical panel room engineering systems(sewage, water supply, gas pipeline).

It is also necessary to have working, maintenance and backup lighting. The illumination level should be 200 Lux. For execution repair work and maintenance requires installation of an outlet with a voltage of no more than 50V.

In the electrical room there will be provision for personal protection And fire fighting equipment(fire extinguisher, sandbags).

The modern lifestyle of residents is much different from the lifestyle of the Soviet period. Today in everyone's apartment there is a considerable amount household appliances(washing and washing machines, multimedia systems, combines, microwave ovens). The use of such a quantity of equipment requires the presence of a high-tech electrical system.

Today, five-story buildings are practically no longer built; they have been replaced by high-rise buildings. In every high-rise building The number of apartments is increasing significantly, and an elevator is provided. All this leads to the need to improve the electrical system.

The wear and tear of the electrical system directly depends on careful operation. Frequent power surges can quickly damage equipment. Residents can help keep things running smoothly by carefully handling household appliances and do not try to fix any problems yourself.

Read more interesting articles on the site and share links with your friends.

Floor panels are present in every apartment building. They are located on the landings on each floor. They distribute power to all apartments. Almost all of these shields have been abandoned to the mercy of fate for several decades. Neither network companies, nor management companies, nor the residents of the building themselves care about them. This is all very sad.

Today, most floor panels pose a huge danger to people and the houses themselves. They are not only dangerous to use, but also dangerous to even look into. Below I post photographs of several floor panels with all their horrors.

From my experience, I will say that network and management companies do not carry out major repairs of floor panels. If you're lucky, the most they will do in your house is replace the main conductors that run along the shaft from the entrance panel of the house to the top floor. True, if something burns out in the floor panel, then electricians come and “snot” connect it so that it somehow works. Below there will be a panel in which, according to the residents, something burned almost every week and every time, with “snot,” the electricians twisted the burnt wires back.

With this article I want to draw people’s attention to their floor panels, since today most of these panels need immediate major repairs. Leave the apartments and look into them.

1. Floor board for four apartments in a nine-story building built in the 80s. Electricians came to this panel almost every week. Here the residents of the floor are ready for a major renovation at their own expense, which I will have to do in the coming days.

Here it is general form.

Most group old black circuit breakers no longer do their job. Many of these machines cannot even be turned off manually. Their handle does not turn off, i.e. does not open contacts. Even lower you can see a new machine hanging on wires. Do you like how it melted? It sparks and tries to protect all the electrical wiring of the 2 room apartment with electric oven, etc. Do you think he copes with his task?

Here's the melted one circuit breaker after dismantling. I already have a collection of such devices. Maybe open a museum)))

Below is the twist of the phase conductors. One jumper became short and was simply extended using a screw terminal block. This connection was all melted and exposed. The most dangerous thing here is that this terminal block lies on the metal body of the floor panel. The exposed part is located a millimeter from direct contact with the body of the shield. It's a miracle that there hasn't been a short circuit yet. It is also worth noting that this connection is located on a branch from the main phase conductor, i.e. to the machines that are located in the panel itself. If a short circuit had occurred here, there would have been fireworks until the protection in the ASU of the house worked and de-energized this riser or the entire house.

Then I tried for a long time to find a branch from the main PEN conductor. Only three phase “nuts” are visible. Where is the fourth?

Still, I found it))) Look at the red oval in the photo below. Do you see a piece of cement? So the “nut” is in it.

Below is a photo of this clamp from the low-current side of the shield. You see him in the red oval. It has no protection and touches the body of the shield, and is covered with cement on top.

Go ahead. Below is a tap from the main phase conductor to the apartment. A thin aluminum wire with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2 comes out of the clamp, which is twisted with the outgoing wire. You have to be smart enough to twist it right away when branching off from the main wire.

2. This is a second floor panel for two apartments. He, too, is waiting in the wings, when the residents are ready for major repairs at their own expense. It looks like this should be decided in the near future.

Below is its general view. What can I say? On the right side there is a two-pole circuit breaker hanging on wires. It is connected in addition to the meters. There are not enough inspectors from the network company here))) The insulation on the neutral conductors going into the apartment is heavily melted. There are many dangerous twists used to extend the phase wires.

Below you can see that something was already burning here. It was the main phase conductor that burned out. After that, we screwed on the DIN rail and placed the machine on it.

The main phase conductor was connected to one lower contact. Look how he pulled out the contact. The body of the machine gun had already practically collapsed at the bottom. A little more and the main phase conductor, along with the contact and bolt, can break out of the machine. In such a situation, he will be able to short-circuit to the shield body. Then you will need to wait for the ASU protection of the house to work and de-energize the riser or the entire house.

Go ahead. In the red circle above the input machine you can see the “evil” twisting of the phase conductors. This is how the phases from the main are distributed. Also in another red circle there is a block with exposed contacts. They're connected thin wire immediately from the introductory machine at 63A. They will burn out faster than a 63A machine will work. This is also connected past the meters and what is powered by them remains a mystery.

3. Burnout of the “zero” in floor panels.

This is very dangerous phenomenon for your home electronic equipment, which is very common today. If the main "zero" burns out, dangerous voltages of up to 380V may appear in the sockets. It starts to burn everything that is plugged into these sockets.

Below are several photos of another panel where the “zero” conductor going into the apartment burned out.

This is only a small part of all the dangers that floor panels pose. Shown here is what I was able to photograph. I took photos on a phone with a bad camera and many of the photos simply didn’t turn out well.

Are you scared? Look into your floor board. What did you see there?

Each protective device has a certain operating life, and a circuit breaker is no exception. If this device fails, it must be replaced immediately. How to make a replacement correctly, as well as what causes the malfunction, is important to know not only for an electrician, but also for every homeowner so that he can correct the problem in emergency. In this article we will look in detail at how to replace a machine in a panel and who should pay for this work in different cases.

Reasons for replacing machines

There are two main reasons:

1. Frequent operation of thermal protection.
2. Constantly working to the limit.

It happens that even after the first operation of the thermal protection system, the machine stops working. However, it is impossible to notice this damage externally. It is important to know that electromagnetic and thermal releases are not the same thing. Most often, breakdowns occur due to burning, and subsequently complete combustion contact terminals, as well as the housings of modular devices themselves. This happens mainly through unreliable and poor-quality contact. If the wiring is done aluminum wire, then at the junction points the core will be weakened over time. Aluminum is a softer metal and contact connections with aluminum wire weaken over time, aluminum “floats”. In order to avoid negative consequences It is necessary to tighten the contact clamps of the machines every 2-3 years.

Another reason is a manufacturing defect, but this happens extremely rarely. To avoid defects, you should not save money and choose machines from well-known brands. We talked about it in a separate publication. You should be careful, because during installation this defect does not make itself felt in any way, but under load it will definitely manifest itself. Regardless of the reason why the device stopped working, the machine should be replaced immediately, otherwise malfunctions may lead to.

Also, the need to replace protective devices arises if there are old plugs and not new circuit breakers. We also talked about that in detail!

Replacement technology

Removing the old circuit breaker

Repair or restoration of such devices is not carried out. The reason for this is a rather complex scheme, and at the same time the purchase of new machines will be inexpensive. Basically, if this device breaks down, it is simply replaced with a new one with similar characteristics, that is, with the same rating, class, and breaking capacity.

Before dismantling the machine, it is necessary to completely de-energize the line that supplies the device being replaced from the network. Sometimes replacement is carried out under voltage, but in such cases the replacement should only be carried out by a specialist. If work is carried out without turning off the electricity, then you should be very careful and careful, especially if the case is in very poor condition, as in the photo below.

Typically the clamping plates are welded to each other, making it impossible to remove the clamping screw. To carry out dismantling in such difficult situation You must have certain skills and experience. To simplify the task, you should initially leave a supply of wires in the switchboard.

If the wire connected to the machine is melted, the machine is burnt, then when installing a new machine, the burnt, melted section of the wire must be completely removed and only a clean, newly stripped wire must be connected to the new machine - this is the only way to be sure of reliability. That is, in any case there must be a reserve. If there was no reserve and you had to connect a burnt wire, especially an aluminum one as in the photo, then there is a high probability that the contact of the machine will burn out again, since the core, which was subjected to overheating, no longer has the same load capacity and may be more fragile than a whole wire .

Most of the circuit breakers in an electrical panel are responsible only for a single line that powers, for example, sockets or lighting in a residential building. Therefore, it is very simple to de-energize such a machine - you need to turn off the input packet, which is usually located on staircase at the entrance.

However, it may be necessary to replace the circuit breaker, which is located in front of the meter, also called the input circuit breaker. Input device, if it is in a Khrushchev or multi-story building panel house, is also located on the stairs in the electrical panel. In private homes, such a device can be 380V; it is also called a three-pole circuit breaker. Replacement of such a circuit breaker is carried out by a specialist, because The input machines in the panel are sealed, and breaking the seal will result in a considerable fine.

After turning off the power, you need to check with the indicator and make sure that the power is completely turned off. Next, select the required screwdriver and unscrew the clamping screw. After disconnecting, the wires should be moved apart.

In new panels, circuit breakers are mounted on. If you do dismantling in such a shield, it is much easier. There is a hole at the bottom of the device into which a screwdriver is inserted and pulled down. After removing the bottom latch, tighten the bottom of the machine.

However, many homes still have old-style circuit breakers that are not mounted on a rail, but are secured with a long screw. It is very difficult to remove a device in which these screws are rusted or stuck.

Installation of a new protection device

The first thing you need to do to replace the circuit breaker in the panel is to insert a new circuit breaker in place of the old one. The process is as follows: place the latch on the top of the device on the rail and push it bottom part until it stops and clicks. The next stage is working with wires. If necessary, they need to be cleaned, then inserted into the clamping holes and tighten the screw. You should always pay attention to the condition of the connected wires, and if there are traces of melting, burning of the wire, or severe deformation of the wire, then this section must be removed and the wire must be re-cleaned for connection.

The performance of circuit breakers is checked with special equipment by loading them - checking the time-current characteristics. Without special equipment It is simply impossible to determine that a thermal or electromagnetic release does not work or does not work in accordance with the declared characteristics. And it turns out that a malfunction of the machine can only be detected when it does not work when necessary - that is, it will be possible to find out about its malfunction only by the consequences of an overload or short circuit (the machine itself, the wiring or the socket will be damaged). That is, you can buy a new machine with a defect, install it, it can stand for 10 years, and a person will not suspect that it is faulty until emergency situation in electrical wiring - overload or short circuit.

You should also be aware that an automatic machine from any manufacturer may have a manufacturing defect. At enterprises, when they order several dozen machines for a new distribution panel, they always check (load) them before installation, since very often there are defective products, even from the best brands.

In everyday life, checks are not carried out, so there should always be a redundant protective device installed at the input, which will de-energize the damaged section of the electrical wiring in the event of a failure of one of the circuit breakers. And for reliability, it is better to have an additional input circuit breaker in the home panel, since the machine that stands with the meter in the entrance or on a support is located further and, accordingly, it is less sensitive to an increase in current. Also, if the machine at the input in front of the meter is installed outdoors, then its time-current characteristic changes with temperature changes. For example, the lower the temperature environment, the greater the current and response time of the thermal release, that is, if one of the circuit breakers in the home panel fails, the wiring will be damaged before this circuit breaker operates.

Important! When replacing a machine with a more powerful one, you need to be sure that this change will not negatively affect the wiring diagram. However, if such a replacement is necessary, you should consult a specialist.

The video clearly shows how to replace old circuit breakers in an electrical panel with new ones:

At whose expense is the work performed?

If the device malfunctions, the owners may have questions: who should change the machines in the panel, whether the replacement is paid or free of charge. So if we're talking about about the input device, which is located in front of the meter, then it is a common property of the house, therefore the company must purchase and replace it for the money that the owners pay every month.

However, it is also important to know at whose expense the remaining protective equipment is replaced. Everything that is located behind the meter is the property of the owner of this property, so you must buy and replace it yourself. Of course, you can replace the circuit breaker yourself, but it is better if a specialist does it.

That's all I wanted to tell you about how to replace the machine in the dashboard with your own hands. We hope ours step-by-step instruction was useful for you and helped you understand the essence of the replacement!

Often, the condition of the electrical panel against the background of general repairs is so deplorable that it requires urgent replacement. Specialists can install a compact and aesthetic panel box or partially replace parts, meeting all the requirements

Almost all entrances of multi-storey buildings have electrical panels installed - structures for receiving, metering and uniform distribution of electricity. During their production, the increase in load, the number of lines and ensuring safety during operation are taken into account.

Shields can be external or internal (in wall recesses). They have compartments for the following items:

• electricity meters;
• devices protecting against voltage surges and short circuits;
• wires

Distribution devices for low-current networks - telephone and Internet networks - are also located in the floor switchboard. Each modern compartment is equipped with a separate door.

Today, electrical panels are plastic boxes with a DIN rail for mounting all devices and a door (opening at no less than a 95-degree angle) in which the devices are placed. The shields have holes for their fastening and openings for fuse switches. When the door of a serviceable panel is closed, the front part of the instruments for taking their readings is visible through the plexiglass window, and the wiring is hidden from prying eyes inside.

Thanks to the special design, it is possible to connect the wires from above or below, and to put a seal on the meter. Different sized shields are produced for different meters. The switchboard flap can be locked with a key or equipped with a locking mechanism.

In the access panel for each apartment (usually on one site) an input circuit breaker (or combined release) and circuit breakers for protecting group circuits are installed. Grounding systems provide clamps (busbars) for neutral conductors and grounding.

In accordance with the requirements, its diagram is pasted on the door of the switchboard, the wires are marked, and the color of their connections is observed.

The installation of shields is carried out only by professionals who have special education and access to such work. It is necessary to correctly distribute electricity, achieve the required level of wiring protection, and ensure the safety of people’s lives and health. The installation should be convenient, it should be easy and quick to access.

Improper installation may result in electric shock.

Causes of wear

Any equipment tends to wear out. Wear of the shield occurs for mechanical, electrical or moral reasons and depends on the quality of the material from which it is made. Mechanical wear may occur due to housing failure. Electrical is associated with deterioration of insulation, burnt wires or fuses. Obsolescence occurs due to the obsolescence of the shield, its non-compliance with modern requirements, and also if it has an unpresentable appearance.

The wiring may be in in emergency condition, and if there were fires, then the shield was most likely damaged - it melted and has traces of burning.

If at the entrance for a long time repairs have not been carried out, especially on electrical equipment; floor panels can become sources of increased danger. Even minor problems - flickering lights, lights out, frequent operation of circuit breakers - often become causes of serious problems.

In some cases, a complete replacement of the shield is not required; only some of its parts may be faulty. In this case, it is enough to replace, for example, the door. Manufacturers offer separate components for electrical panels (if you cannot find doors from the manufacturer, you can find private craftsmen who will make custom doors). There are transparent or regular plastic parts to match the base or a contrasting color to replace electrical panel doors.

Dismantling of previous equipment

Before removing the old electrical panel, you should study the wiring diagram. Taking into account where the new shield will be installed - in a niche or outside, the required measurements are taken (an installation plan is drawn up). If you plan to install it in a niche, the new panel must match the width and height of the previous panel and the dimensions of the niche. It is better if the recess is slightly larger than necessary: ​​it is easier to fix the shield in a large opening using polyurethane foam or alabaster, than it is difficult to install it end-to-end.

When choosing a new housing for the switchboard, leave room for adding components. If necessary, you can add a new line or pair.

The observance of a safe interval between elements is also taken into account.

The body (box) of the electrical panel can be made of metal and plastic, and according to the installation method, it can be mounted or built-in. Metal ones are often hung on the wall, while plastic ones are used both inside and outside. Their strength and protective qualities are no lower than those of metal ones.

Before starting work on replacing the electrical panel in the entrance, turn off the electricity in the entrance and check its absence. After this, unscrew the bolts and remove the old shield. This may cause difficulties depending on how the devices and wires were placed inside. Some of them may require replacement. Carefully disconnect the wires and unscrew the equipment from the rail. If necessary, you will have to saw the frame of the old shield. Take out all the devices and dismantle the shield.

Installation of a new shield

If a complete replacement of the electrical panel at the entrance is required, the following measures are carried out:

1. Turn off the main power lines.
2. Outgoing group lines are disconnected.
3. Dismantle the old shield.
4. Install a new one.
5. Connect the supply and outgoing lines.

To assemble a switchboard, you need to know the electrical wiring diagram or get a power supply project prepared by specialists, which is accompanied by a switchboard diagram, since all connections inside it must be made in accordance with it.

After studying the characteristics of the room and the load of electrical appliances, all cable sections and their loads are determined. They select components (it is recommended to give preference to products from reputable manufacturers) and the electrical panel itself - internal or external, with a transparent or opaque door.

The electrical panel is installed on old place or transferred to another. If you plan to build it into a niche, the old opening is sealed, plastered, and in a new place the walls make another recess in accordance with the dimensions of the box; if necessary, the surface is grooved for wiring. When they mount hidden wiring, built-in structures are more convenient: they do not take up a large area, look beautiful, and fit aesthetically into the interior. But there is more work to be done with them, and it is more difficult than when installing external equipment.

After installing and securing the panel housing on the surface, all the wires that need to be attached are brought to it; strip the conductors for thorough connection of the terminals, secure a DIN rail inside the housing, on which all in-panel equipment will be attached.

Having screwed the bar, install all automatic regulators, metering devices and RCDs, as well as zero and grounding buses.

Guided by the drawing, they connect all the parts and elements, not forgetting that phase and zero for circuit breakers and RCDs are connected to the upper terminals.

Check how tight the terminals are and check the assembly quality of the switchboard.

On last stage After installing an electrical panel in the entrance, employees of the energy supply organization seal the metering devices and check the correctness of the work performed.

Inside the door electrical panel The purpose of each switch should be indicated in a specially designated place. All machines must have a signature marker so that if preventive measures are necessary, you can easily find and turn off the required line.

If you have to partial replacement internal switchboard equipment, carry out the same set of works, except for dismantling and installing the switchboard housing. It happens that the wires in the old box are tangled and laid chaotically. In this case, they are laid in order, the exposed ones are insulated, if necessary, individual elements are replaced, and all lines are marked.

Specialists involved in electrical repairs are required to provide a guarantee for all work performed (the guarantee is stated in the contract).

Timely replacement of electrical panels in entrances residential buildings or their parts that require updating, protects consumers from network short circuits, promotes proper load distribution on the line and protects against equipment failures.

Modern apartments, as a rule, are equipped with individual electrical panels. But residents of old houses were not so lucky. The equipment is located on the landing and is designed for two, three or even four neighbors. The owners do not have a key to the panel. In the event of knocked out traffic jams or life-threatening situations (for example, a fire), it is very difficult for them to reach the switch.

What is an electrical panel?

A modern electrical distribution panel in a residential or work area is a compact, convenient and externally aesthetic panel, which is intended for modular installation on this panel special devices, serving to ensure reception electric current from external and general high-voltage networks, as well as current distribution through the internal electrical network of an apartment, house or cottage.

The purpose of the distribution board is to control the supply of electricity to apartments and take into account the amount of its consumption. In addition, he is responsible for telephone and Internet network devices.

General features of floor panels:

• they are old (found in houses built in the last century) and new (in modern buildings), their difference in the internal structure system;
• each of them has at least two, and often three compartments: one of them contains electricity meters, and the other is responsible for devices operating on weak currents (Internet, telephone); Each compartment is equipped with its own lockable door;
• the compartment with metering devices must be equipped with special windows from which the indicators of the devices are clearly visible;
• the material for the shield in the entrance can only be metal with a set of necessary properties;
• to install it, choose a recess in the wall on the landing;
• the doors open freely to an angle of 95 degrees;
• access for unauthorized persons to the panel device is limited by a lock; the key is kept by the operator apartment house electrician
• Types and types of electrical panels.

Surely, more than once we have seen abbreviations like: SHE, VRU, OSCH, etc. on billboards. all these intricate letters hide the essence of the devices, which is known to those who directly service them, and sometimes even those who service the switchboards become so accustomed to the abbreviation that they do not think about their purposes. So, let's start looking at the types and types of electrical panels from the main panel, the “king” of panelboards.

Main distribution board (MSB).

The main switchboard is designed for input power lines power supply, electricity metering and distribution of power lines for objects. The device also serves to protect against short circuits and overloads in power supply networks. If we consider the hierarchy of electrical switchboards, then the main switchboard is at the very top level. Main

The distribution board is most often located on the territory transformer substation(TP), boiler houses, production.

Input switchgear (IDU).

The device, which includes a complex of electrical automation and structures, is used to receive introductory power cable, distribution of supply lines for ShchE, ShchK, ShchO, ASU, electricity metering, protection of lines from overloads and short circuits. Installed at the residential input, public buildings, as well as in production premises (shops).

Emergency transfer of reserve (AVR).

The AVR panel is equipped with special automation. The automatic transfer switch switches power from the main source to an additional one (generator) in the event of a failure of the main electricity supplier. After eliminating the accident, the ATS will transfer from the generator to the main line and after a few minutes the generator will be stopped. Used in industrial, commercial, communal buildings, as well as in cottages.

Floor board (SHE).

Used in residential and administrative buildings for distribution of electricity to 1 – 6 apartments.

The shield is divided primarily into three compartments:

• Distribution compartment (modular automation for groups of electrical circuits).
• Metering compartment (electric meters).
• Subscriber compartment (telephone, intercom, TV, radio, etc.).

Apartment panel (AS).

As a rule, it is located at the entrance to the apartment in the hallway area. The main purpose of the control panel is electricity metering, distribution of group power lines in the apartment, modular automation protects the electrical circuit from overloads and short circuits. ShchK are invoice and indoor installation, metal and plastic versions.

The apartment panel is divided into:

• Shchku – apartment accounting panel.
• ShchKR – apartment distribution board.

Lighting board (OSH).

Lighting boards are installed in administrative, commercial and office premises, for infrequent operational switching on and off of automation. ShchO protects outgoing lines from overloads and short circuits.

Lighting boards are divided into:

• OSHV (lighting panel with switch).
• UOSCHV (recessed lighting panel with switch).

Control panel (control panel).

The control room is used to control automation, which is responsible for such mechanisms as: ventilation, heating, fire alarm etc. Parameters are adjusted manually.

How to open an electrical panel without a key yourself?

1. Familiarize yourself with the location and purpose of the driveway doors. Usually there are three. On the left there are two doors: horizontal, and below it - square. Behind the first of them there are machines, and behind the second there are electric meters. On the right is one vertical door, behind which low-voltage devices are placed, for example, antenna amplifiers and splitters, telephone terminal blocks. Sometimes shields of a different configuration are found. 2
2. Inspect the locks of each door. If they are equipped with protruding rectangular plates, you can open any of them using pliers. The horizontal position of the plate corresponds to the vertical position of the tongue (lock open), and vice versa, when the plate is positioned vertically, the tongue is in a horizontal position (lock closed). During major repairs Driveway front panels are sometimes replaced with new ones that have locks similar to those used on mailboxes. In this case, residents are most often given keys only to doors with automatic machines. Open and close it just like a mailbox.
3. When any door is open, observe following rules. Do not touch any metal objects inside the shield, even if you are absolutely sure that high voltage missing on them - this may not be the case. Do not attempt to dismantle any items that do not belong to you. This even applies to the meter through which your apartment is connected - it is often the property of the electricity supply organization. Do not carry out any actions aimed at stopping or rewinding the meters, do not remove the seals from them. Do not turn off the circuit breakers through which other apartments receive electricity, except in cases where it is necessary, for example, due to a fire or an electrical injury received by one of the neighbors.
4. If you have electronic meters with controls, you can open the corresponding panel door and press the buttons located on them in order to find out the electricity consumption for previous months, at different times of the day. Do this carefully so as not to touch nearby live parts. The procedure for controlling counters using buttons is described in its instructions. It is impossible to rewind or stop it from the keyboard. Don't press buttons on neighbors' meters.
5. If it is necessary to repair the electrical wiring, open the door behind which the machines are located. Find two of them, marked with the same numbers as your apartment number. Having first turned off computers and other devices that cannot tolerate a sudden loss of power, check which circuit breaker feeds the chandeliers and which feeds the sockets. In an emergency, you should turn off the machines immediately, without waiting for the computers to turn off.
6. Please note that the bell and socket between the bathroom doors are usually powered through the same machine as the chandeliers. During wiring repairs, a person should stand next to the panel to ensure that no one approaches the panel and restores the supply of electricity. Turn off and on machines carefully so as not to touch their clamps and exposed wires.
7. After finishing work with the devices located in the panel, be sure to close all its doors and lock them.

Preventative inspection of the electrical panel

The operation of the floor panel should be checked by a specialist from the management company that owns the apartment building at least once a year.

Unfortunately, this rule exists only in words. In life, a repairman comes to a call only after a breakdown or emergency, and you want to avoid both. Or, let’s say you are purchasing an apartment and need to assess the condition of the wiring.

You can carry out a preventive inspection yourself, the main thing is to comply with safety requirements.

To independently inspect the access panel, follow these step-by-step instructions:

1. Inspection of the external condition of the device. Everything is fine if it does not have serious cracks, chips or other defects, and the lock on the door closes tightly with a key.
2. Assessment of the condition of internal devices. Machines must be marked, and cables and wires must be clearly and clearly labeled.
3. Serviceability of contact connections. The following rules apply to the places where wires connect to metal: check for rust; inspect the bolted connections for the presence of washers, and tighten the nuts better. After this, pay attention to the connections of the wires with automatic meters.
4. Operation of switchboard switching devices. After all contacts have been checked, the nuts have been tightened and the bolts have been tightened, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the automatic devices. Return voltage to the electrical panel and turn on all automatic devices.

Then everything is very simple. Click the test button. Devices that continue to work are faulty and need to be replaced. Before testing, you must make sure that the contacts do not move away, otherwise the result will be unreliable.

Anton

Everything opens with a standard key. We have 2 types of them - one like for ancient locks with a beard and the second is simply a figured cut piece of iron. Both types are sold in hardware stores or from key dealers on the market.

Konstantin

It’s really true that there is no trick against scrap))))))) then those who will repair the panel will come to the forum.

Kolesnichenko Margarita

A screwdriver or something that has a flat shape

Burglars open doors different ways, even explosives. I'm not being sarcastic. The approach is the same here. Start with gentle methods and move on to rougher ones. Explosives are unlikely to be needed. Rough ones include crowbar and drilling.

trakoff@

In theory, the key should be in the management company (in the housing office, for example) You can ask there

Vadik

You can try pouring solvent into the keyhole or non-concentrated acid. “vdshka” is not sure that it will cope. Go to the housing office to complain. If there is an electrician in the same panel, then you must fix it yourself.

Yuri Morozenkov

Pliers

Olga Kuznetsova

I opened the mailbox with the key. Guy from the Future...

Using a crowbar or a pry bar :)))))) But in general, just press the door where the lock is and pull it from the middle…. once and done... Just don’t forget to close it back, otherwise you’ll get fined :))))) Or you can use a powerful screwdriver to turn the entire lock. . but this is only if the lock tongue is rotary and not retractable….

conclusions

To answer the question: how to open the panel in the entrance without a key, you need to try the following method.

• In addition to the master key, a flathead screwdriver is also suitable. It should be thin. We insert it into the lock and try to turn it. In most cases it works with simple mechanisms.
• If this the padlock, then you can try physical force and a crowbar. Padlocks can be easily opened with a mechanical lever or a master key. If the next question arises: how to open the electrical panel in the entrance without a key, then you just need to contact the specialists. Today there are companies that specialize in opening locks various types without a key and without damaging the locking mechanism.