The most economical heating of a private home: the correct selection of the boiler and wiring diagram. How to cheaply heat a house without gas? Alternative fuel for heating a house without gas The most economical heating system

Nowadays, many owners of private country houses or summer cottages are increasingly having to look for an alternative to gas as the main type of fuel to heat their homes. The reasons are different: for some, natural gas is becoming too much expensive pleasure, some have the opportunity to use other energy sources, while for others, main gas is simply not available due to its complete absence nearby. Then the question arises: what kind of economical heating at home without gas and what fuel is better to use then?

Alternative energy sources

There is no definite answer to this question, since in each individual case there are some nuances. For example, on your plot of land There are a lot of big old trees growing that just beg to be used in the firebox of a wood-burning boiler.

Option two: the customer is ready to exchange certain services long time supply you with diesel fuel or coal. It is clear that in such situations you will be inclined to these types of energy carriers and not pay attention to others. In the long term, this will be a mistake, since such sources will sooner or later dry up and you will have to look for other ways to heat a country house or buy the same fuel, but at a generally accepted cost.

We will try to develop some kind of universal method for determining the optimal energy carrier for heating a home, which will be suitable for each individual case. First, let’s make a reservation that the methodology will help you determine for yourself the cheapest heating without gas; we do not take it into account.

We also don’t take into account various high-tech and exotic types of heating that are inaccessible to ordinary citizens. This includes heat pumps, solar panels, wind turbines and various types of machine and vegetable oils. Then how to heat the house if there is no gas and the above sources? We still have at our disposal:

• ordinary firewood;
• Euro firewood;
• pellets;
• coal;
• diesel fuel;
• liquefied gas in cylinders;
• electricity.

For each of these energy sources, you should calculate the costs for the entire cold period, then it will be clear how cheaper it is to heat a house.

Important! Before starting calculations, it is imperative to harmonize the units of measurement of the amount of fuel, that is, to prevent confusion between volume (m3) and mass (kg). It is recommended that all types of energy carriers, except electricity, be converted to units of mass - kilograms.

Calculating heating costs

To find out what is the most economical heating for a country house, it is recommended for clarity to make a simple sign like this:

In this table, the second column is filled in based on the cost of each type of fuel in your region, or your individual price is entered into it. The third column has already been filled in for ease of calculation. The cost of 1 kW of thermal energy can be easily determined by dividing the price of 1 kg of fuel (column 2) by its specific calorific value (column 3).

The fifth column is filled in based on the fact that the average consumed thermal power in a private house with an area of ​​100 m2 per season is 5 kW/h, and the duration of the heating season is 180 days (5 x 24 x 180 = 21,600 kW/h).

It is clear that the house designs are all different and the area will be different, as well as the length of the season in your region, so you will need to make appropriate adjustments. By multiplying the data in columns 4 and 5, we determine the estimated costs for the season.

However, these values ​​do not take into account the operating efficiency of the equipment, the values ​​of which are given below. Dividing the estimated costs by the efficiency value, in the last column we get a direct answer to the question - what is cheaper to heat a house besides gas.

For those homeowners in whose homes are already installed gas boilers, you can add another line below for comparison, filling it with data on natural gas, based on actual fuel consumption and its price.

It would seem that now everything has fallen into place and you can calmly make a choice in favor of one or another energy carrier for economical heating. But this approach is one-sided, because there is also such a thing as convenience and complexity in maintaining and operating the heating system of a private home.

Choosing an energy carrier based on ease of use

Comfortable operation of boiler equipment that supplies heat to water heating is an important factor, since any unnecessary hassle and inconvenience is your time and money. That is, total costs indirectly increase in accordance with how much effort is put into maintaining the operation of the system. In some cases, economical heating systems no longer seem so economical after the first season, and sometimes you want to pay extra money just not to deal with such problems.

Unlike financial indicators, ease of use is a constant value for each type of fuel, so it can be found out immediately, which will help you make a choice. We will evaluate convenience according to the following criteria:

• the difficulty of repairing or maintaining the boiler installation;
• necessity and convenience of storage;
• comfort in daily use (need for loading fuel, etc.).

To find out which energy carrier will provide comfortable and economical heating for a private home, we will draw up a second table, where for each of the criteria we will rate all types of fuel using a five-point system, and then summarize.

Service

Requires no maintenance electric boilers, except for sometimes opening the cover and brushing off dust or cleaning the contacts, for which they receive the highest rating. Some actions are required if heating Vacation home liquefied gas. Once every 2 years it is recommended to check and, if necessary, clean the igniter and burner, which is why propane is a solid four. Pellet boilers receive 3 points because they require cleaning the combustion chamber several times a year and the chimney once.

Accordingly, wood and coal units need to be cleaned frequently as they become dirty. The worst situation in this regard is with diesel fuel, since its quality often leaves much to be desired, which is why the frequency of maintenance is unpredictable.

Warehousing

It is clear that electricity does not require storage space, while liquefied gas and diesel fuel may require some space. But when economical heating of a private house with wood is organized, then a lot of space for a warehouse will be required. The same goes for pellets, since they require dry room or special silo. As for coal, it produces a lot of waste, dust and dirt, so this is the lowest rating.

Ease of use

And here, economical electric heating turned out to be excellent, since it does not require any intervention during operation. Pellets and liquefied gas must be replenished periodically, 1-2 times a week, or even less often. You should pay attention a little more often diesel fuel, more for supervising the work than for the purpose of adding fuel.

Well, what traditionally causes the most trouble is autonomous heating in a private house using coal and wood; here, loading into the combustion chamber is needed from 1 to 3 times a day.

The last column summarizes the results according to which heating is the most comfortable and convenient country house in winter using electricity. If this result is considered in conjunction with financial costs, then electricity may not be the worst option.

Conclusion

An integrated approach to the issue shows that the most economical heating systems for a summer house and country house may turn out to be the most troublesome during operation. Therefore, you should not rush and carefully weigh and calculate everything, or even better, install an electric boiler in combination with any other.

Heating a private home requires certain financial costs - consumers need to regularly pay for the energy used. Therefore, the issue of efficiency of heating systems worries many. How to make the most economical heating of a private house with your own hands? Which heating boiler should you choose? To do this, you need to understand what a particular heating system is and what its potential is in terms of ensuring efficiency.

Traditionally, autonomous heating systems are used to heat private houses. The energy sources for their operation are natural gas, liquefied gas, solid fuel, liquid fuel and electricity. Natural gas systems are considered the most economical. But in some conditions their efficiency does not play any role. For example, if the house is not connected to a gas main, then comparisons with gas are not appropriate.

Gas heating systems

Economical heating systems for a private home are systems that run on cheap coolant. If there is a gas main nearby, feel free to connect to it and use one of the most inexpensive sources of energy. Comparing gas costs with costs for other sources, you begin to understand that this is one of the most inexpensive types fuel.

Solid fuel heating systems

Economical heating of a private house without gas can be built using a solid fuel boiler. To power it, coal, coke, briquetted fuel and even ordinary firewood are used. Coal burns the longest, but it is also quite expensive. But the heating system is not only economical, but also inexpensive - the simplest solid fuel boiler is quite affordable.

The cheapest heating of a private house without gas is built using solid fuel boilers, sometimes homemade. If you want to ensure more convenient operation of the system, you should take a closer look at a boiler with a small bunker for pellet fuel (fuel granules). Such pellet boilers operate automatically, requiring only periodic loading of new portions of pellets.

The operation of solid fuel boilers using wood is complicated by the need to load firewood too often. In addition, a lot of firewood is needed, which increases the cost of operating the heating system. As soon as you miss the moment of loading the next portion of fuel, the house will begin to become cooler. The problem is solved by installing special long-burning solid fuel boilers.

Liquid heating systems

Liquid fuel heating systems cannot be called the most economical. After gas and solid fuel they occupy an honorable third place. The fuel used here is used motor oil and diesel fuel. Because of this, in houses heated by liquid boilers, there is always a characteristic smell. There is also a need to create a special storage facility for liquid fuel, and at a distance from residential buildings - this creates additional costs.

Electric heating systems

It is difficult to create cheap heating of a private house with electricity - you need a source of free electricity. The whole point is that classic electric boilers are unusually voracious. And it is almost impossible to do anything here, since their efficiency is 99% - that is, almost all the energy is converted into heat. Some savings can be achieved induction boilers, but many experts are not ready to confirm this fact.

Economical electric boilers for heating a private home exist, but they are much more expensive than their simple, small-sized counterparts. Savings are achieved through the use of weather-dependent automation and room temperature sensors. That is, they are able to automatically adapt to the characteristics of outdoor and indoor temperature conditions, adjusting the heating power - if a person made the adjustments, the costs would be higher.

How to make economical heating in a private house

How to make cheap heating for a private house with your own hands? To do this you need:

• Use the most economical and efficient heating boiler;
• Pay attention to the thermal insulation of your home;
• Use alternative heat sources.

The operating principle of a condensing boiler, one of the most profitable devices for heating a private home.

If there is gas in the house, take a closer look at condensing boilers - they have high efficiency and almost completely transfer heat from the burner to the heating system. If you want to create the cheapest heating for a private home without gas, consider purchasing a solid fuel boiler - by purchasing a truckload of firewood, you will provide yourself with relatively cheap heat for the entire cold period. Also you need to pay attention to installing radiators with high heat transfer.

Thin entrance doors, lack of proper thermal insulation of walls, old windows - all this contributes to heat leakage outside your home. We recommend that you install normal entrance doors with effective thermal insulation, order plastic windows and think about lining the house with a layer of brick (it is also possible to apply a cement “jacket”, which creates good thermal insulation) - this will reduce heat loss and reduce heating costs.

Alternative heat sources

As for alternative heat sources, they can be:

• Infrared film for creating warm floors;
• Solar panels;
• Heat pumps.

A heating scheme in which heat is generated using electricity obtained from solar panels.

Solar panels use the free energy of the sun - they generate electricity, which can be used to heat the coolant or operate other heating equipment. Their disadvantage is their very high cost.– you need to spend a lot of money to buy the required number of batteries.

Heat pumps use the energy of reservoirs, soil or air. The principle of their operation is based on taking heat from the environment and transferring it to heated rooms. Without delving into the laws of physics, the operating principle of a refrigerator is used here. To power heat pumps, external sources of electricity are required, but even with this taken into account, the heating system turns out to be quite economical. But the cost of heat pumps so far negates their advantages.

If you need to create an economical heating system for a private home without gas, you can use infrared film. It runs on electricity and provides heating for the floors - under the influence of infrared radiation they heat up and begin to give off heat to the rooms. According to experts, the film provides up to 30% efficiency compared to the use of conventional electric boilers.

Heat bills won't scare you anymore! What is the most economical way to heat a house?

Heating is the largest energy expense in most homes. It accounts for from 35 to 50% annual electricity bills.

The most effective way to reduce the size of these bills is to reduce your heating energy use.

The heating system replaces the heat that is lost through the walls, windows, floor and ceiling of your home.

Methods for economical heating of a private home

The amount of energy required to replace lost heat is depends on four factors:

1. location of the house (in colder regions the consumption is higher);
2. the size of the building;
3. home energy efficiency;
4. energy efficiency of the heating system.

The first factor is the main one, but it does not depend on you. The colder the weather outside, the more energy is required to maintain comfortable temperature inside.

Important and house size. A spacious room contains a significant volume of air that needs to be heated. Therefore, a large house requires high heating costs.

An excellent opportunity to save energy and money is to improve the energy efficiency of your home and its heating system. There are several ways to do this:

• choose the optimal type of heating system;
• improve façade insulation;
• repair the heat distribution system (air ducts and pipes);
• Eliminate heat leaks through doors, windows and various cracks.

How to insulate a facade

Insulation of the facade in the form of its insulation is the main protection of the house from heat loss through the building body. Therefore, it is very important to insulate the largest area of ​​the house - the facade walls. Insulating materials reduce heat loss by providing a barrier between internal part home and significantly different temperatures outside.

Used in homes different types isolation. The most common ones- polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam and fiberglass.

Polyurethane foam

Foam insulation is spray or injection foam.

• Spray foam V liquid state distributed in the open spaces of the new house construction. After this, the foam expands, fills the cavity and hardens.
• Injection foam pumped into existing cracks, crevices or other voids in the walls. This makes such polyurethane foam indispensable for repairing the insulation of existing houses.

Expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene happens with open or closed cells.

• Open cell polystyrene foam very light and flexible. When polystyrene foam foams, the gas inside the cells escapes through holes in the cell wall. This process creates a light and flexible shape that compacts as it hardens.
• Closed cell polystyrene foam has a much denser and heavier structure. It forms a dense surface that is more resistant to weathering and temperature changes.

Fiberglass

Fiberglass is made from soda, limestone, sand and crushed glass and comes in slabs or rolls. It is placed in unfinished walls, floors and ceilings between studs, beams and joists. Due to its fibrous structure, this material is excellent keeps air inside and prevents heat loss.

Photo 1. A piece of fiberglass. It is one of the most popular materials for home insulation.

Efficient boilers for space heating

In order to heat your home efficiently and economically, you must choose quality heating equipment. Boilers are most often used in this role.

Condensing gas

Boiler operation with condensing gas allows you to use all the energy released when burning gas. All boiler systems distribute heat in hot water, which releases heat by passing through radiators or other devices in rooms throughout the home. The cooled water is then returned to the boiler to be reheated.

In a conventional boiler, the heating system circuit is heated by the combustion of natural gas. Condensing boiler uses the energy available in products gas combustion . These products contain water vapor. The steam cools, condenses and releases heat. The water in the heating circuit is heated by this energy. The evacuation of water released during condensation (condensate) is carried out through a wastewater network.

Important! Natural gas- the most accessible source of energy. Therefore, the cost of operating a condensing boiler will be the most profitable.

This boiler is easy to operate, consumes less fuel than a standard gas boiler, and is efficient, often exceeding 100%.

Pyrolysis

The pyrolysis boiler runs on solid fuel. In this case, not only the firewood itself burns, but also the gases that are released in the process.

Therefore, the efficiency of such boilers is up to 90%. Firewood or special pellets made from dried biomass burn in one chamber, releasing pyrolysis gas.

Under the influence of high temperature, the gas enters another chamber through a special nozzle, in which it burns, mixing with oxygen.

The thermal energy released in this process is much higher than in conventional boilers, and the burning time is much longer. Therefore, pyrolysis boilers are called long burning boilers.

Such gas generator boilers not subject to availability main gas pipeline, and can most effectively use purchased fuel.

Solid fuel

The simplest boiler is a wood or coal boiler. He completely autonomous, and does not require a connection to a gas pipeline or electrical network, nor the cost of paying for gas and electricity. All you need is a standard housing, consisting of a firebox (or combustion chamber) and a blower, and ordinary firewood.

Firewood is burning in the firebox thanks to the air supplied through the blower. At the same time, it stands out thermal energy. It heats a steel or cast iron heat exchanger in the form of a coil located in the firebox and increases the temperature of the coolant. Hot water gives off heat as it passes through a home's heating system. The cooled water is then returned to the boiler to be reheated.

Electric boiler

Electric boiler operation similar to the operation of other boilers: The water in it is heated and then circulates in the heating system circuit and radiators.

Heating of water in such boilers occurs by using electric current . It provides high performance and excellent heating speed.

In addition, installing an electric boiler does not require large expenses for installation expensive equipment, the presence of a chimney and a large room.

Warm floor

Heated floors are the most old form of central heating. The Romans also used an underfloor heating system to warm buildings and baths. Today's underfloor heating system is gaining increasing popularity in Russia.

Underfloor heating is a system that heats a home through a heated floor covering. Exists two types of such a system. In the first type warm water heats the floor, passing through a pipeline laid under the floor (“wet” system). In the second the floor becomes warm using electric coils, placed under it (“dry” system).

Concrete floor slabs heat up, and heat radiates from under the floor into the room. "Wet" system can be connected to a gas boiler to heat water. This will help you save significantly on cheap gas fuel.

Attention! For this type of heating large-scale construction work is required. Therefore, its installation is best done during the construction of the house.

Infrared heating is one of the most economical ways

The infrared spectrum is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This form of radiated heat is the most basic. This is the same 100% natural type of heat, which is emitted and absorbed by the human body every day.

Photo 2. Installation of infrared heaters under the roof of a house, this method installation allows you to completely warm up the room.

The peculiarity of infrared radiation is that it heats objects and people in its path without heating the surrounding space. This is what infrared heating does much more efficient than convection. Convective heat, which is released by conventional radiators and central heating systems, heats only the air.

Warm air is distributed throughout the room, circulating uncontrollably, and leaves objects in the room cool. Infrared heating emits direct heat and heats everything up. This type of heating brings long-lasting, comfortable warmth to the house, consuming less energy.

Infrared heaters can provide Directed heat anywhere, regardless of distance. This means that there is no need to waste electricity on heating any room, even the largest area, and heat is not lost due to air circulation.

Solar collectors - cheap and economical

Solar collectors use the heat of sunlight to heat water, which is then directed inside the building. They consist of a panel of heat-absorbing material into which mixture of water and antifreeze to collect heat. This mixture then heats the water in the hot water system, so solar collectors must be integrated into the existing heat distribution system.

Photo 3. Solar collectors installed on the roof of the house. Devices must be placed at a certain angle.

Such thermal systems can be useful not only in warm climates. Even a small increase in water temperature dramatically reduces the amount of energy required to heat it. Solar collectors create favorable conditions for the start of operation of any heating systems. It means that less energy is used overall.

How to heat a house with heat pumps in winter and summer

Heat pumps are devices for transferring warm air using an electric pump. in winter warm air is separated from the cold in the open air, and spreads inside the house. In summer, the heat pump changes the direction of flow and the warm air from the room is carried outside. Heat pumps use heat pumps to distribute heated air throughout the home. coercive systems air supply.

Exists two types heat pumps.

Geothermal

Geothermal pumps pump warm air from a pipeline placed underground. The temperature in such a source stable all year round.

In geothermal pumps, the collector circuit is a coil buried in long, shallow holes or in vertical wells.

The efficiency of heat pumps is often sometimes more than 100%, because they use electricity not to create heat, but to move it.

Air

Heat pumps with air heat source use outside air as a heat source in winter and as a heat sink in summer. These heat pumps look and install just like a central air conditioner.

Conclusion

Heating our homes is expensive and getting more expensive every year. As costs rise, each of us is looking for more available options heating and insulation. Fortunately, there are many such options. Choose carefully combine different types and heating systems and you can choose the best option in terms of price and efficiency.

What is the most economical way to heat a house?

Heating a house can be organized in different ways, but which is the most economical method available? We will try to figure this out below.

Selecting a heating method - nuances

To decide which option is the most economical method in your case, you should accurately answer a number of questions. The list is as follows:

For example, for houses in which the owners are visiting, it is not advisable to use constant heating.

Fuel

The very first thing is to find out what kind of fuel is most affordable in your region. The main criteria here are the following:

• uninterrupted supply;
• resource cost.

It is the availability of energy in this particular area that is the main starting point.

In most cases they are used in private homes:

• natural gas;
• firewood;
• coal (both hard and brown);
• fuel oil;
• peat briquettes.

Sometimes they heat with electricity - this is far from one of the most economical methods, but in the absence of an alternative, this possibility must be taken into account.

Depending on the list of available resources, a boiler is selected. Calorific value This device directly affects the overall efficiency of the entire system.

The weakest property mentioned above is found in systems operating on solid fuel. This is followed by:

But, as statistics show, today on average in Russia (if all the described energy carriers are available in any area without exception), then natural gas is certainly the cheapest.

The least economical heating is undoubtedly electric. Other ways to do without gas, although much cheaper, will still require twice the cost compared to the cost of blue fuel. However, if there is no alternative, you won’t have much choice.

Depending on which resource is available in your region, the choice of heating system is also made. There are 2 types most widely used in Russia:

Electricity

If we're talking about about electricity, then proven ways to heat a house are:

• warm floor;
• infrared panels (film heaters, etc.);
• convectors;
• boilers.

The first three types are suitable for relatively economical heating of buildings where people do not live permanently. Their consumption is far from small, but a few days of use per month is not critical. For wooden capital country houses The most convenient are probably film heaters. They consume only 40 watts per square meter.

The advantages of electric heating are:

• low cost of installation;
• ease of maintenance;
• fine adjustment;
• noiselessness.

Water heating

Such systems work the same regardless of the type of boiler installed in the house:

• the carrier, heated to operating temperature, is fed into the pipes;
• circulates through all radiators (the latter, due to the convection of air masses, ensure heat transfer);
• The cooled water returns through a closed circuit back to the boiler.

At the same time, one of the most economical is heating with natural circulation. Since the system does not install pumps for pumping coolant, this means there is no need to consume additional electricity.

At the same time, if the house has an area of ​​more than 100 square meters, the described option will not work. The large length of communications leads to an increase in hydrodynamic resistance in the pipes, which means that the movement of water will be too slow.

The disadvantages of water heating are:

• the boiler must work constantly;
• It is almost impossible to accurately regulate the temperature in each room.

Air heating

Compared to the methods described above, this one is quite economical. It is ideal both for houses where people always live, and for those in which they visit.

The principle of this system is simple:

• the air is heated directly through the heater;
• is supplied to the premises through special hoses and grates installed either in the floor or in the wall.

The undoubted advantage is:

• literally lightning-fast heating of the entire house;
• economical use of fuel;
• high efficiency (about 90 percent);
• low duct maintenance costs.

• noise occurs during operation;
• Installation of the heater requires, according to safety regulations, a fairly large room area.

List of other methods

For economical homeowners, it will be useful to know that insulation will allow you to reduce costs, and quite significantly. A well-insulated house consumes much less resources (about half) while maintaining comfortable conditions for its inhabitants.

Such work must be carried out comprehensively:

• the walls are covered with foam plastic or pressed mineral wool;
• windows are installed with double-glazed windows;
• The attic floor and floors must be insulated.

Installing a programmable heat regulator will also allow you to spend energy more efficiently on heating. This device:

• can independently monitor the temperature in different rooms;
• turn off the heating when there are no people present;
• controlled remotely via a built-in SIM card.

Heating a house with electricity: the most economical method and advantages of choice

It is known that the most inexpensive option heating is considered gas system. But there are situations when it is not possible to use it, for example, if there is no gas main nearby. IN in this case It is recommended to heat the house with electricity. The most economical method can be selected by analyzing all the options available. This is what we will do in this review.

This option is suitable for buildings outside the city and country houses

Why you should choose heating your home with electricity: the most economical way

The electric heating system has the following advantages:

• Electricity-based devices are virtually silent and do not require additional fuel. They do not pollute the atmosphere. To use them, you only need an electrical network;
• installation of equipment does not require significant investments;
• to save electricity, you can use a system of two-tariff meters or install solar panels on the roof;
• You can connect a convector or boiler yourself.

Heating with electricity is carried out using various devices

Options for electric heating of a private house

Such a heating scheme involves the use various types equipment.

Boiler application

It is not uncommon to install an electric boiler for heating a 220V home. A similar device belongs to budget options and is easy to install.

Electric boilers are of the following types:

• heating element models are among the traditional options. The heating element is heated by electricity and transfers heat to the coolant, which transfers it to the installed radiators. This unit is equipped with a thermostat that allows you to maintain the temperature at a certain level. The disadvantages include scale that collects on the heating element;

The diagram shows the principle of working with heating elements

• In an electrode type boiler, instead of a heating element, there is an electrode that acts on free ions, which creates heat. This is a safe design option, since if water leaks, the device stops working. With this method, heating does not occur limescale, but only water can be used as a coolant;

Electrode model device

• The device of an induction electric boiler includes a pipeline and a radiator. In this case, the radiation mechanism forms an electromagnetic field that interacts with metal elements. Electricity produces vortex currents that transfer energy to the coolant. This product is characterized by ease of installation and maintenance. Water, oil compounds or antifreeze are used as heating fluid.

Installation of induction device

Selecting IR panels

When determining how to heat a house economically with electricity, you can consider the option of installing infrared structures. Such products do not warm up the air inside the rooms, but various objects. If, in the version with a boiler, the air masses move upward and then cool, then in this case the hot flows are directed to the floor.

Infrared designs do not take up much space

If you add thermostats to IR devices, they will work more efficiently. One controller is enough to control three heaters. This equipment is economical to use, but expensive in terms of installation and construction costs. IR devices do not consume a large number of electricity. In addition, they efficiently distribute heat. They can perform spot and zone heating. Even after the structure is turned off, objects emit heat for a long time.

Infrared panel device

You can install such equipment yourself. Infrared system used both as the main type of fuel and as an additional one. The advantages of this option include a long service life, up to 80 years.

Heating a house with electricity is also done using infrared heated floors. This is an economical and effective remedy. This design is not afraid of unexpected power surges and does not break due to minor damage. Such a device can be installed under various floor coverings except parquet. Infrared rays only heat solid objects, so when the floor is heated, the elements themselves do not heat up.

Installation of infrared floor covering

Infrared panels for ceilings

Advantages of convectors

When choosing the most economical electric heating without a boiler, it is worth exploring the capabilities of convectors. According to manufacturers, a convector powered by electricity heats the space efficiently and at the same time consumes a small amount of electricity.

It takes about two minutes to warm up the heating element, which is much faster than when heating with water devices. The advantages of such structures include:

• low cost of equipment;
• fire safety;
• The heating system can not be completed immediately, purchasing additional radiators as needed;
• modern design;
• uninterrupted operation even with sudden voltage changes;
• small sizes.

This method maintains the desired humidity ratio in the room and does not destroy oxygen. Excellent technical properties and excellent power indicators make it possible to use electric convectors for heating both large and small private houses.

Such designs are compact in size and mobile.

The main element of the design is the heating element, which converts electrical energy into heat. The operating principle is air convection. In this case, the cooled flows penetrate the slots in the lower part of the housing and then exit through the upper openings. The convector can operate separately or in a system controlled by a temperature controller.

Wall-mounted models are characterized by functionality and allow you to free up space

Which option is better not to choose?

When choosing the most economical way to heat your home, it is worth exploring the options that you should not buy. An expensive option is an oil cooler. It has increased power, but when operating in winter it consumes a lot of electricity. Despite the significant power, such products have low heating efficiency. Interestingly, IR panels of the same power will heat the space in the house faster. Low-efficiency devices include fan heaters. They reduce oxygen, make noise and move dust.

An oil heater can be combined well with other heating methods.

How to increase the efficiency of electric boilers for heating a private home: prices and methods

To get the most economical method, heating your home with electricity must be properly organized. The efficiency of the entire structure can be reduced as a result of poor thermal insulation. Various gaps, cracks and lack of insulation on the windows contribute to the rapid cooling of the rooms.

If no one is home all day, you may not need to heat the house all day. In such a situation, you can install a special controller that will start the heating system several hours before the residents arrive. Two hours is enough to fully warm up the rooms.

Electrical equipment operating diagram

Of great importance is a skillfully designed heating system design, taking into account the location of the heaters and power. Good decision installation of a multi-tariff meter is considered. This device allows you to save electricity at night, when the heater will work.

Helpful information! At good insulation ceiling and walls, heating quality can increase by up to 80%.

To get a cheap home heating system with electricity, you need to choose the right equipment and calculate the location of all devices.

Due to the constant increase in energy costs for owners country dachas and homes, there is naturally a demand for savings in heating one’s home. It is also important that the majority of residential buildings were built during the Soviet Union. Back then, they did not attach importance to how much a certain energy carrier costs. Today, the home owner needs to figure out what the cheapest heating is before organizing it.

To choose the right one inexpensive way heating, you need to answer some questions that can determine what is best suited in each particular case.

When choosing the cheapest type of heating for a private home, You must adhere to certain requirements:

1. Determine what the concept of savings consists of: the low cost of the initial installation of equipment or its operation.
2. Decide how the living quarters are used: periodically or regularly. This determines how the heating will work: all the time or turn on only while the owners are in the house.
3. Decide on the location of the premises and their area.
4. Decide what type of fuel is most convenient to use in the heating system.

Main types of fuel

An economical boiler should be selected taking into account the minimum cost of thermal heating, so first you need to decide what is the cheapest fuel for heating . At the same time, its availability should consist of several factors:

• cost of fuel;
• its uninterrupted supply.

The last factor is the main one when choosing. The most commonly used types of fuel are:

• briquettes;
• firewood;
• diesel fuel;
• coal;
• electricity.

When choosing a boiler, you need to take into account the thermal capabilities of any type of fuel, as well as its heating costs. Thermal capacity will determine how efficiently it releases thermal energy during combustion.

Taking into account the decrease in the thermal capacity of the fuel, the following series can be distinguished:

• electricity;
• diesel fuel;
• coal;
• pellets and firewood.

The cost of fuel is different in all areas. But on average, if any type is available, gas is considered the most economical. Firewood and coal cost twice as much, and electricity is the most expensive.

Electric heating

Direct electric heating can only partially heat the house, since operating costs are high, and therefore the purchase of equipment of the appropriate power can lead to large utility bills. However, you can organize cheap heat yourself using some electrical-based circuits, and they will be reliable and cost-effective. Electric heating there are several types:

1. Convection method. This economical heating of a country house is based on the circulation of air flows in the room, heated special element, which is built into the convector. In this case, convectors are stationary and portable.
2. Warm floor. The design is a heating cable in Teflon braid. When connected to electricity, it releases thermal energy, thereby heating the floor. The heating temperature can be adjusted with a special relay. Among different options This is the best way - to independently organize the cheapest heating for your dacha.
3. Infrared systems. At the heart of this heating is the transformation electrical energy into radiation from the electromagnetic spectrum. Heating rooms using infrared heating is that it is not the air that is heated, but the objects that are nearby.

If we describe the generally economical heating of a house using electricity, we can note many advantages. The main advantages are:

• quiet operation;
• ease of installation;
• ease of adjusting the temperature in specific rooms;
• ease of maintenance;
• heating does not dry out the air.

But there are also some disadvantages: stopping the heat supply during emergency shutdown electricity, as well as the high cost of operation due to the high cost of electricity.

Water systems

At the core general principle The operation of water heating involves heating water or another heat carrier in the boiler, after which the liquid circulates through a pipeline that is laid in the house, transferring the accumulated heat through heating batteries, and returns back to the boiler.

Based on the method of circulation of the coolant, this economical heating option is divided into several types:

• forced;
• natural:
• combined circulation.

• forced;
• natural:
• combined circulation.

Natural coolant supply

The movement of coolant in natural circulation systems occurs due to the different densities of cold and hot liquids. Hot water is lighter than cold water and is displaced in the heating boiler in top part thermal system. Over time, cooling, it descends down the pipeline, heating the premises with the help of radiators, and goes back to the boiler. While the boiler heats water in the heat exchanger, the heating is constantly running.

The main advantages of natural systems, which have a positive effect on their efficiency: long operating time due to the minimum of elements that can become unusable, as well as independence from electricity.

But when determining efficiency, one must also take into account negative points these systems:

• difficulties with adjusting the temperature in the rooms;
• required Full time job boiler equipment;
• the inability to warm up a house with an area of ​​more than 150 m² due to the hydrodynamic resistance of heating networks of significant length.

Forced circulation

These heating circuits differ from natural system by what is in them circulation pump. It can be installed either autonomously or located directly in the boiler.

Advantages of forced circulation systems that increase their efficiency:

• thanks to the operation of the pump, efficiency increases by 35%;
• For installation, pipes of a smaller cross-section can be used.

The disadvantages of the systems are that, in addition to fuel consumption for heating the thermal fluid, electricity is consumed to operate the pump, and during a power outage the system stops functioning.

Combined method

Combined method

These schemes are based on the principle of operation of natural circulation systems. But they contain a pump that pumps up the coolant. During power outages, the system will be able to operate normally, although not as efficiently. The advantages and disadvantages of the combined system are exactly the same as those of the two heating schemes described above, taking into account the operating mode.

The general advantage of water heating systems includes a huge selection of boiler equipment that can work with any type of coolant liquid, and the disadvantages are the complexity of installation, unlike other heat supply options.

Air heating

This economical option heat supply is that the air is heated in the heat exchanger and established channels redistributed among premises. In all rooms there are several openings at the floor level, through which heated air enters the room.

Advantages of the system that make it economical:

1. The network of heat supply channels is almost not subject to wear and does not require inter-seasonal maintenance.
2. Efficiency of at least 95%.
3. Fast heating speed.

The disadvantages of the air heating circuit include the fact that this heating is quite noisy. Therefore, for those for whom silence during time is important, this option is not suitable. A room is also required to install the generator. large sizes, unlike other types of heating systems.

Savings when designing a home

Economical heating systems can operate as efficiently as possible only when the optimal temperature regime is organized. When planning a house, you need to take into account that the rooms that border external wall, in winter they cool much more strongly, unlike those located in the center.

Therefore, if you provide for the location of rooms that need a higher temperature, and rooms where the temperature can be lowered, then thermal system will work much more efficiently and not consume a large amount of energy:

1. Rooms where a temperature of at least 22−27 degrees is required: children's room, bedroom, living room, bathroom.
2. Rooms where a lower thermal regime is possible: office, kitchen, pantry, dressing room.

Thermal insulation of the building

When organizing economical heating of a building, it is necessary to remember about high-quality thermal insulation of the house. Even the most efficient heating system will run idle if the heat it gives off starts to leak out into the street. Even when there are no drafts on walls without thermal insulation, not only will the air begin to cool, but condensation will also accumulate. Cold floors can reduce the operation of any heating circuit to zero. Poor quality doors and windows will also contribute to this.

Of course, the lower the temperature in the area where the house is built, the more you will need to spend on its thermal insulation. But a well-insulated building will require half as much energy for heating, unlike an ordinary house. Thus, savings on fuel during any heating option will be quite significant.

This factor must be taken into account at the stage of planning a house, selecting materials with high thermal insulation rates for its construction. But an already constructed building can also be successfully insulated. Today on the market there are a large number of different insulation materials that have low thermal conductivity and are suitable for DIY work.

The following insulation materials can be used:

• glass wool;
• Styrofoam;
• polyurethane foam;
• expanded polystyrene;
• mineral or basalt wool;
• expanded polystyrene.

Each of the materials has certain advantages and disadvantages, and the possibility of using any will depend on the installation location and the material of the walls. Experts know all these nuances very well and will be able to recommend which insulation to choose in each specific case.

Additional features

Thanks to modern devices The house can be made even more economical with the help of the following devices:

1. Geothermal heating systems, solar panels and condensing boilers. These devices help save money because they can supply cheaper or even free energy. But these systems require quite significant initial costs, which can take a long time to pay off.
2. Programmer. Using the device, you can automatically adjust economical heating, setting the required thermal regime by day or hour. For example, when residents are away from home, you can set the temperature to 15-16 degrees, and by the time they arrive, increase it to 23-25 ​​degrees. Lowering the temperature by one degree approximately saves up to 7% of energy resources.

Choosing the most economical heating option for your home is quite difficult. Heating can actually be inexpensive, but you just need to take the choice of a particular technology with the utmost responsibility, find out all the main advantages and disadvantages, spend a lot of time studying all the information and monitoring construction market equipment.

Peculiarity geographical location Our country is such that it forces property owners to think about what type of heating in a private home is the most economical. Right choice should be carried out at the design stage, when all options can be calculated and compared with each other in terms of efficiency.

This approach will reduce the costs of installation work, and will also provide aesthetic appearance system. Finding an answer to the question of which heating is the most economical forces us to pay attention to alternative heating methods, as well as to analyze the installation of several parallel heating systems.

Basic criteria

You can decide on the most economical heating for a private home by relying on the criterion by which the result will be assessed. Most often, the main characteristics are the following:

• reduction in quantity Supplies;
• selection of heating system;
• using combinations of systems or universal heating elements;
• increased automation;
• use of a night tariff.

In each case of using these methods, the homeowner can easily obtain economical heating of a private house with his own hands. All methods have both a set of advantages and their disadvantages.

Less consumption

It will be possible to reduce the required amount of fuel after carrying out insulation measures. The house or apartment must be provided with reliable thermal insulation. Sealing all cracks and bridges of cold helps to keep the cold inside the room maximum quantity thermal energy.

At the same time, the need to generate additional energy is reduced. Carrying out insulation work will require financial expenses, but they will quickly pay off due to economical heating of the house.

In some cases you will need to install more modern equipment instead of the old one, with high flow rate. Even operation under the same conditions will reveal lower consumption of new units of any type of fuel or electricity.

Smart system choice

The use of traditional heating systems is not justified in all cases. The costs for it will be significant, and the return will not always be high level. For small premises, installation of water systems will not be much cheaper than for medium or large facilities.

In this regard, preference can be given to new technologies, for example, infrared heating. It has high efficiency and also performs well in a small space. At the same time, its installation will cost significantly less than some other heaters.

Combining systems

IN modern conditions homeowners can make the most economical heating possible by combining several traditional types in one room. The following heating options can be used in combinations:

Costs for combined systems will be high initially. Next, home owners will be able to independently choose which heating is the most economical in a private home.

Using automation

In order to figure out how to economically heat a house with electricity, it is worth paying attention to automating most processes. A significant amount of temperature control equipment will make it possible to more accurately identify the current temperature state. Thus, when the operating parameters are reached, the heating will be turned on/off in a timely manner.

Lowering the room temperature while there are no residents inside will also bring the heating of a private house closer to the most economical type. The setting is performed through timing services, when temperature values ​​are set according to a schedule. On weekdays during the day, fuel consumption decreases, and in the late afternoon or on weekends, consumption increases.

Multi-tariff meters

Almost every heating system uses a connection to household electrical networks. If the owners have an electric meter that can recalculate the tariff depending on the time of its use, then operating heating at night and in the evening will be cheaper. As a result, the homeowner will receive economical home heating. To register such a meter, you must contact the energy supply organization of your district or district. You will be required to submit an application, pay for installation, order a meter from this organization or buy from a third party, wait for the technicians and save on electricity bills.

In words everything is very simple, but in reality the procedure is often delayed due to bureaucratic delays.

It is not prohibited to connect a multi-tariff meter that was not purchased from an energy supply organization. In this case, the metering device must be certified, entered into the State Register and programmed to work at different tariffs.

It is strictly forbidden to install the meter yourself, as well as dismantle it. Firstly, these works are associated with an increased risk to life and health. Secondly, any interference with the operation of a sealed meter or self installation entail the imposition of an administrative fine.

Application of alternative sources

In addition to classic heating systems, alternative heat sources will help you convert everything into the most economical heating.

Such systems include the following installations:

• solar panels;
• geothermal heating;
• use of heat pumps, etc.

In most cases, installing these circuits can significantly improve heating efficiency. Their use is often justified even if gas heating is possible, since it allows in the future to minimize dependence on increasing hydrocarbon tariffs.

The operational period of some systems can be measured in decades with proper use and timely repair and maintenance work. The main cost is at the time of purchase and installation. During operation, such systems are less resource-hungry and have high degree automation.

The work of heat pumps, which have recently surpassed even thermal pumps in popularity, deserves special attention. The operating principle is to convert natural energy into heat. Most often this is a ground-to-air design, where the pump is immersed to a design depth with a constant ambient temperature. The coolant moves along the circuit, passes into the evaporation chamber to interact with the refrigerant, which transfers heat to the room. This cycle is named after the inventor Carnot and is used in the operation of heat pumps. To make it more clear exactly how such a unit works, watch the video.

Along with classic central heating, people are increasingly using alternative methods of heating their homes. This is especially true for private households. The owners of such houses can choose the cheapest heating available in their region of residence. But in order to understand which type to give preference to, you will need to conduct a simple analysis.

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Types of heating

Heating is the process of heating the surrounding air or surfaces, resulting in an increase in room temperature. To produce heat, various types of energy are used, which are further converted into heat. There are three ways to organize home heating:

• centralized;
• autonomous;
• individual.

In the first case, the classic method is used, when heating radiators (radiators) are installed in the rooms. Hot water circulates through them, supplied through branched pipelines. This coolant is generated outside the home, and the price for its use is calculated not in the cost of energy conversion, but in the heat actually sent to the consumer.

Since heating companies involved in supplying coolant are trying to save money, almost all heating networks are in a deplorable state. Because of this, losses only when heated water passes through pipes amount to about thirty percent. For example, in Europe this figure does not exceed two percent. Therefore, the heating temperature of the battery is often insufficient to achieve comfortable conditions. In addition, the consumer cannot influence the heating on and off in any way, not to mention self-adjustment temperature. At the same time, due to wear and tear of equipment, frequent interruptions are also possible.

Autonomous heating involves finding a source of thermal energy in a special building built on the territory of the building management. This place is called the boiler room. The advantage of this approach is the absence of operating costs, stable and regulated heat supply. But the initial start-up of this system is associated with high costs, so the boiler house is not completely shut down, even at the end of the heating season. In this case, the cost of heating depends on the type of fuel used and the required power of the entire system. Therefore, it is important to choose the right cheapest fuel for heating.

The source of individual heating is located directly in the room that needs to be heated. This type is characterized by simplicity and precise temperature control. But its disadvantages include self-repair of the system in case of failure. The emergence of dependence on suppliers of transformed energy into heat, for example, gas, electricity.

How to make heating in a country house? Full review in 5 minutes!



Energy resources used

To obtain heat, in addition to the equipment that will accumulate and release it, energy is needed. Its source can be substances with high energy potential, that is, a parameter characterizing their feasibility of use. Its unit of measurement is usually expressed in joules (J) or kilowatt-hours (kW/h).

All existing resources are divided into two classes: primary and secondary. The origin of the first involves natural processes: thermal waters, minerals, sunlight, wind. The latter are by-products of human activities: waste, emissions of flammable gases.

Primary resources are conventionally divided into renewable, inexhaustible and limited. Renewable energy includes energy obtained from sunlight, plant products (wood), and the movement of water and air. Thermal waters and substances that release thermonuclear energy are considered inexhaustible. But the most widespread use is natural resources, the supply of which is limited. These are substances such as coal, oil, gas, peat, shale, as well as uranium and thorium.

Since these resources will eventually run out, their use becomes more expensive every year. Therefore, technologies are being developed aimed at using practically unlimited energy, and more and more new devices are being invented to use it.

When solving the problem of choosing the cheapest type of heating for a private home, people, although rarely, give preference to alternative energy sources. In particular, the use of solar panels and collectors, wind generators, biogas devices, heat pumps. Building a heating system using alternative energy sources is a rather expensive process, but over time, due to the practically free energy received, the installation costs pay off. The average period is about ten years.

Previously, it was impossible for residents of multi-storey buildings to refuse centralized heating, but now such an opportunity has arisen, so the choice of an advantageous heating method has become relevant for them too. Although for residents of high-rise buildings, compared to people living in the private sector, not all options are available.

What is cheaper to heat a country house?



Heat-reproducing devices

Modern manufacturers in the field of heating technology can offer consumers a wide selection of heating devices. The offered equipment differs both in the type of energy source used and in power. For private use, this can be a budget device that allows you to warm up a small room or an expensive one, but intended for autonomous heating big house. But despite this, There are three classic types of equipment using as an energy source:



Each type of equipment has its own advantages and disadvantages. For one type, the cost of consumed resources will be low, but the purchase and installation of equipment will be very expensive, and for the other - vice versa. Therefore, in order to find out what the most economical heating will be for a country house or apartment, you will need to take into account not only the cost of resources, but also the costs of installation, adjustment and maintenance of heating devices.

When choosing the cheapest heating for a dacha, private house or apartment, you must adhere to a single average indicator, since buildings can be made of different building material and is located in different climatic zones. Therefore, it makes sense to consider financial costs as the cost of one kilowatt per square meter of surface.

The best heating system for a private home!



Gas boilers

For gas heating devices are used to burn gas. As a result of this process, thermal energy is generated, which is transferred to the coolant (water). This water circulates through closed system pipelines, giving off their heat to radiator structures, which already heat the air in the room.




Gas boilers differ in their operating principle, which affects the efficiency factor (efficiency factor). Thus, as of mid-2018, the average price of gas in the country was 6.63 rubles per cubic meter. Respectively, the cost of heating using gas per 1 kW will be:

The most interesting is the condensation type. Such boilers are more economical than classical designs due to the use of the heat of condensation of water vapor and the shape of the burner. The cheapest such boiler will cost about 60 thousand rubles. It will cost about 4 thousand rubles to install it and the same amount of work to set up the system. In addition to the boiler, you will need to purchase pipes, radiators, all kinds of fittings, as well as draw up a heating system installation project and obtain permits.

Heating a country house with wood

Electric tanks

The operating principle of such a boiler is based on the use of tubular electric heating elements (TEH) or passing an electric current through water located between two electrodes. Electric heating boilers are mini-boiler rooms. Their design includes a circulation pump, an expansion barrel, and an automation system. The average cost of electricity is 3.1 rubles per kilowatt. At the same time, the tariff may be cheaper if you use the boiler only during preferential times (from 23-00 to 7-00), but for this you will need a two-tariff electricity meter day-night.

The efficiency of electric boilers is quite high and averages 98-99 percent. Thus, costs will be approximately:

It is believed that for every ten square meters the boiler needs to expend one kilowatt of its power.

That is, if it is necessary to warm up a home with an area of ​​one hundred square meters, while the boiler will operate for about six hours a day, you will need 60 kW/h, and 1860 kW per month. But, as practice shows, on average heating season in cold winter the costs are about 10 thousand rubles.




Electric boilers are divided into wall-mounted and floor-mounted. For the former, the power ranges from 5 to 60 kW, and for the latter it is more than 60 kW. In addition, electric boilers differ in the type of coolant circulation. It can be natural or forced. Buying a boiler will cost about 7 thousand rubles, another 4 thousand will cost to install and connect it. In some cases, it will be necessary to change the electrical wiring to provide the boiler with the required power.

Water and heating of a country house // FORUMHOUSE

Solid fuel

Although solid fuel devices have made a technological breakthrough recently, their efficiency still does not exceed seventy percent on average. Wood, coal, and pellets are used as fuel. The furnace can be loaded automatically or manually. If you use automation, electricity costs can be ignored.

The heating cost will look like this:

The principle of operation of the boiler is based on the transfer of heat generated during the combustion of fuel in the firebox of the device, a water jacket communicating with the circuit of the heating system. The price of the cheapest modern solid fuel boiler is 40 rubles, its setup costs about 3 thousand. To equip the heating system, you will also need batteries, pipes, a chimney, and a place to store fuel.




Alternative sources

Building systems on alternative sources allows you to really get cheap heat with your own hands. Such systems are built on solar panels or collectors. The use of photocells makes it possible to achieve an efficiency of about fifteen percent. The resulting energy is converted into electricity, which can be used to heat water or connect thermal electrical appliances.

Solar collectors consist of a black metal plate placed under a layer of water. The plate transfers heat to the water. If the circuit is placed in a tank and cold water is connected, the liquid will begin to circulate through the circuit using a pump.



Wind generators also make it possible to obtain inexpensive heating by rotating the propeller. When it rotates from the wind, an EMF is induced on the generator. After the generator, the voltage goes to the transformer, where it increases to desired value and is sent to the power grid.

The heat pump operates on the Carnot principle. This is a complex high-tech device. He collects external heat and transforms it into the inner. Its efficiency value is much greater than unity. For example, if the device consumes 1 kW, then at the output it will be able to produce about 4.5 kW of thermal power.

Alternative sources look attractive, but in order to have enough power for heating, you will need to make a rather impressive initial investment. For example, a system of solar panels will cost about half a million rubles.

How to make cheap heating for a private home?

System selection

Thus, it is possible to heat a house cheaply in several ways. The most economical ways are to use inexhaustible energy. But due to the cost of the devices, their use has not yet gained sufficient popularity. That's why By type of resources used, heating systems are arranged in the following order:



Using solid fuel boilers, it will be possible to burn coal, wood or other solid fuel. Pellets are used to automate the process. But a rather significant disadvantage of this heating method is the need to find a place to store fuel.

If gas is supplied to a private household, then heating with it will also be a good option. But it will be inconvenient to obtain permits to install such a system. Electric heating of large areas will not bring significant savings. Due to high energy consumption. Its only advantage will be ease of installation, which does not even require connection to the chimney.