The most economical heating system. The cheapest heating for a private home or cottage

For each residential building, whether it is a large apartment building or we're talking about on private one- and two-storey households, great value has an efficient heating system. There are quite a lot of existing heating options today, however, due to technical capabilities, not every house can be connected to gas. It is not always possible to supply solid fuel or liquid fuel boilers with the required amount of fuel. In such situations, the house will be heated with electricity.

Already at the design stage of an electric heating system, we can conclude that this heating method will be much cheaper and more economical. Moreover, if you compare the speed of installation of electrical equipment with the installation and installation of other types of heating systems. In some cases, efficiency is a decisive factor when choosing a heating system. Despite the fact that today electricity is constantly becoming more expensive, new technologies make it possible to use electric heating devices with high efficiency.

Electric heating in your home - the main advantages and disadvantages

The concept of electric heating should be understood as a fairly wide range of technical means and capabilities. Electricity is a unique type of artificially produced energy that can be successfully used for domestic purposes. Electric heating can be of two types:

• with intermediate coolant;
• with direct heat transfer.

In the first case, we are talking about a system based on an electric boiler that heats the coolant and distributes it through a pipeline system. In the second case, we are talking about independent heating elements and devices operating from the electrical network. To heat a house, like any other room, convectors, thermal electric fans, spiral and infrared heaters are actively used. Similar method heating is much easier with technical point vision. The only negative is a significant overconsumption of electricity, which will have to be paid for. Warm floors deserve a separate discussion, a technology that makes it possible to truly achieve comfort in heating living spaces.

If we consider the ratio of the possibilities and benefits obtained from using electric heating with other types of heating, then electricity will look preferable. Main advantage electrical systems heating – high efficiency. To others positive aspects should include:

• durability of operating systems;
• ease of maintenance and operation;
• fairly reasonable costs for the purchase of equipment, installation and connection.
• silent operation and high level safety of modern electric heating installations;
• lack of permits for the installation of electric heating systems.

The economic effect is achieved by installing thermostats on electric heating devices, thanks to which the power supply is automatically turned on and off.

The above advantages are offset by one disadvantage. To install sufficiently powerful heating electrical appliances and an electric boiler in a house, additional equipment of the residential building with electrical distribution devices and devices will be required.

Important! The wiring in the house must be able to withstand significant loads, especially in the cold season. In addition to everything, electric switchboard need to be equipped with a multi-tariff meter that allows intensive use of the cheap night tariff. The main task when installing electric heating systems is to optimize the operation of the entire complex.

Electric boiler or convector - what's the difference? What should you pay attention to?

From a technological point of view, an electric boiler is the most favorable in terms of price-quality ratio. Please review carefully before making a purchase. technical capabilities and characteristics of models on the market. When assessing the capabilities of the boiler, it is necessary to take into account the amount of work that the new equipment will have to cope with. To heat a house with an area of ​​150 m2, according to rough calculations, at least 150 kW of electricity per day will be required. Not every boiler is able to cope with such a volume, and not all power lines are able to withstand such a load.

The boiler is connected to a regular standard water heating system, heating the coolant during its operation.

Each model is equipped, which allows residents to independently choose temperature regime. The automation itself regulates the boiler power based on the specified parameters, without requiring human intervention, providing the necessary energy savings. The water supply is also regulated using a built-in pump, so there is no need to worry about normal pressure there is no reason in the system. Optional equipment, which is equipped with most today modern models electric boilers, increases the functionality of the system and aims to reduce energy consumption, saving you money.

In the process of optimizing operation, it is important to take into account the heat losses that are inherent in the room. This indicator depends directly on the thickness of the walls, the presence of insulation, the number of doors and window openings. The main heat loss occurs through windows and doors.

Last but not least, the heating efficiency depends on the parameters of the selected electric boiler model. There are classic boilers with heating elements, as well as more efficient ones modern options– induction and electrode (ionic). Moreover, they all have a coefficient useful action from 90%.

For reference: Often, manufacturers write in the accompanying documents for the product that the efficiency of the model is 95-98%. The numbers look impressive, although in reality the figures are much lower, in the range of 90-92%.

When used simultaneously large quantity electrical household appliances, the temperature of the coolant in an electric heating system can be reduced, saving on balanced energy consumption. Each specific case provides different options for savings, in contrast to the use of other heating systems. For example, an area of ​​50 m2 will require an electric boiler with a power of 3 kW. Having the necessary figures at hand, it is not at all difficult to calculate the number of kilowatts that will be consumed during the month with continuous operation of the boiler.

Eg:

• house area – 50 m2;
• electric boiler – power 3 kW;

We make arithmetic calculations using the following formula: 3x24x30, where 24 is the number of hours in a day, 30 is the number of days in a month. We get 2160 kW per month with the boiler running, and now we multiply this figure by the electricity tariff that is set in your region.

All calculations are approximate. The real amount of energy costs will be visible only after some time. Only then can you make independent adjustments to the operation of the heating system in the house and decide on the advisability of using other electrical appliances in your home.

If you need to organize heating in your own home without laying mains and installing numerous equipment, you can get by with convectors. Unlike electric water heating in convectors, the main operating principle is convection warm air. Due to work heating elements The surrounding air is heated. The system is almost completely autonomous, compact and capable of quickly warming up small interior spaces.

Convectors are equipped with temperature regulators, with which you can set the optimal heating parameters. The presence of automation ensures automatic switching on/off of the device depending on the temperature conditions inside the room. To install heaters of this type, you must have high-quality sockets and reliable wiring.

Convectors can be installed both on walls and on the floor. The cooled air falls down, falling into the field of action of the heating elements, heats up again and rises up, and so on in a vicious circle. Thus, the process of convection of air masses is achieved. The operating mode for heating convectors is 60-100 0 C. Additionally, the room can be equipped with fans, the action of which will speed up the air exchange of the air mass. Despite the apparent simplicity of the design and the elementary principle of operation, heating of the room with the help of convectors is carried out unevenly. The air near the ceiling will be warmer, while the air masses below will feel cooler.

To achieve savings when using convectors, it is enough to carry out a simple mathematical calculation that allows you to determine the required number of devices for normal heating of the room. Practice shows that convectors are effective in heating small wooden residential and domestic buildings. In capital, stone buildings with large premises, it is not advisable to use convectors. Large volumes of air quickly cool down, the time for heating the room by convection of air masses increases significantly. Consequently, the energy consumption of the heating system increases.

Warm floor - economical heating of a private house

An electric boiler and convectors are not the only options for equipping a private home with an efficient heating system powered by the electrical network. Warm floors, which today have become fashionable to install in country houses and in apartments it can be a successful alternative to any other heating option. From a physics point of view, noticeable effect a warm floor does not provide heating for residential premises, however, in comparison with the operation of other electric heating devices, thanks to a warm floor, it is possible to achieve a reduction in energy costs for heating.

The required effect is achieved through rational heat distribution. Floors are known to be the coolest part of any room. Thanks to heated floors, the coldest part of the room is automatically repurposed from a cooler into a source of thermal energy. The air heated from below throughout the entire area of ​​the room rises upward in uniform flows. For residential premises, heated floors provide savings of 30-40%; for heating other premises, savings can be 50% or more.

With the help of temperature regulators, optimal heating parameters are achieved. By independently determining the temperature conditions inside the room, you can achieve significant savings in energy consumption.

The advantages of heated floors are:

• an effective way to quickly warm up rooms;
• acceptable economic indicators;
• a comfortable indoor microclimate is maintained (oxygen is not burned);
• simplicity and reliability in operation.

Compared to the advantages that underfloor heating has, the only drawback of this electric heating option seems insignificant. The problem lies in the complexity of installing such a heating system, associated with the need to reorganize the floor covering.

A preliminary calculation of the cost of heating costs in this case is as follows:

The approximate power of standard models used in everyday life is 1.5 kW per 10 m 2. We calculate the average daily consumption and get a figure of 360 kW. For rooms of other sizes, calculations are made according to the same principle, the power varies in proportion to the area.

For reference: 360 kW x 2.5 (tariff 2.5 rubles, approximately) we get 900 rubles. Now let’s multiply the resulting figure by real square meters, for example 50 m2. As a result, we face a figure of 4,500 rubles.

Today there is big choice options to achieve the necessary comfort inside a residential building using electric heating.

Each of us has the right to choose which heating option suits him best. An electric boiler, heated floors or electric heating devices are options that solve certain problems. You can solve the problem globally by creating a major heating system or resolve issues locally. You can achieve savings in any case if you rationally equip your home with heating elements, reduce heat loss in the room and optimize the operation of the entire energy system in the house.

Heating a private home requires certain financial costs - consumers need to regularly pay for the energy they use. Therefore, the issue of efficiency of heating systems worries many. How to do the most economical heating private house with your own hands? Which heating boiler to choose? To do this, you need to understand what a particular heating system is and what its potential is in terms of ensuring efficiency.

Heating methods and their efficiency

Traditionally, autonomous heating systems are used to heat private houses. The energy sources for their operation are natural gas, liquefied gas, solid fuel, liquid fuel and electricity. Natural gas systems are considered the most economical. But in some conditions their efficiency does not play any role. For example, if the house is not connected to a gas main, then comparisons with gas are not appropriate.

Gas heating systems

Economical heating systems for a private home are systems that run on cheap coolant. If there is a gas main nearby, feel free to connect to it and use one of the most inexpensive sources of energy. Comparing gas costs with costs for other sources, you begin to understand that this is one of the most inexpensive types fuel.

In the absence of a gas main, liquefied gas is often used, supplied in cylinders or stored in gas tanks. But this option cannot be called the most economical, although it is very simple in its implementation - just purchase a regular gas boiler and reconfigure it to work with liquefied gas.

Solid fuel heating systems

Economical heating of a private house without gas can be built using a solid fuel boiler. To power it, coal, coke, briquetted fuel and even ordinary firewood are used. Coal burns the longest, but it is also quite expensive. But the heating system is not only economical, but also inexpensive - the simplest solid fuel boiler is quite affordable.

The most cheap heating a private house without gas is built using solid fuel boilers, sometimes homemade. If you want to ensure more convenient operation of the system, you should take a closer look at a boiler with a small bunker for pellet fuel (fuel granules). Such pellet boilers operate automatically, requiring only periodic loading of new portions of pellets.

The operation of solid fuel boilers using wood is complicated by the need to load firewood too often. In addition, you need a lot of firewood, which increases the cost of operating the heating system. As soon as you miss the moment of loading the next portion of fuel, the house will begin to become cooler. The problem is solved by installing special long-burning solid fuel boilers.

It should be noted that heating systems powered by wood can be economical, even completely free - you can chop firewood in the forest yourself, which is used by people living in small settlements.

Liquid heating systems

Liquid fuel heating systems cannot be called the most economical. After gas and solid fuel they take an honorable third place. Used engine oil and diesel fuel are used as fuel. Because of this, in houses heated by liquid boilers, there is always a characteristic smell. There is also a need to create a special storage facility for liquid fuel, and at a distance from residential buildings - this creates additional costs.

Electric heating systems

It is difficult to create cheap heating of a private house with electricity - you need a source of free electricity. The whole point is that classic electric boilers unusually gluttonous. And it is almost impossible to do anything here, since their efficiency is 99% - that is, almost all the energy is converted into heat. Some savings can be achieved induction boilers, but many experts are not ready to confirm this fact.

Economical electric boilers for heating a private home exist, but they are much more expensive than their simple, small-sized counterparts. Savings are achieved through the use of weather-dependent automation and room temperature sensors. That is, they are able to automatically adapt to the characteristics of outdoor and indoor temperature conditions, adjusting the heating power - if a person were to make the adjustments, the costs would be higher.

The disadvantages of electrical systems are the need for good electrical wiring and the availability three-phase network for powering the most powerful boiler models.

How to make economical heating in a private house

How to make cheap heating for a private house with your own hands? To do this you need:

• Use the most economical and efficient heating boiler;
• Pay attention to the thermal insulation of your home;
• Use alternative heat sources.

The operating principle of a condensing boiler, one of the most profitable devices for heating a private home.

If there is gas in the house, take a closer look at condensing boilers - they have high efficiency and almost completely transfer heat from the burner to the heating system. If you want to create the cheapest heating for a private home without gas, consider purchasing a solid fuel boiler - by purchasing a truckload of firewood, you will provide yourself with relatively cheap heat for the entire cold period. Also you need to pay attention to installing radiators with high heat transfer.

Are there rooms in your home that require minimal heat? Create a heating system with the ability to shut off individual radiators. For the greatest efficiency, invite an experienced heating engineer who will perform more accurate calculations of your heating.

Thin entrance doors, lack of proper thermal insulation of walls, old windows - all this contributes to heat leakage outside your home. We recommend that you install normal entrance doors with effective thermal insulation, order plastic windows and think about lining the house with a layer of brick (it is also possible to apply a cement “jacket”, which creates good thermal insulation) - this will reduce heat loss and reduce heating costs.

Alternative heat sources

As for alternative heat sources, they can be:

• Infrared film for creating warm floors;
• Solar panels;
• Heat pumps.

A heating scheme in which heat is generated using electricity obtained from solar panels.

Solar panels use the free energy of the sun - they generate electricity, which can be used to heat the coolant or operate other heating equipment. Their disadvantage is their very high cost.– you need to spend a lot of money to buy required quantity batteries

Heat pumps use the energy of reservoirs, soil or air. The principle of their operation is based on taking heat from the environment and transferring it to heated rooms. Without delving into the laws of physics, the operating principle of a refrigerator is used here. To power heat pumps you need external sources electricity, but even with this taken into account, the heating system turns out to be quite economical. But the cost of heat pumps so far negates their advantages.

If you need to create an economical heating system for a private home without gas, you can use infrared film. It runs on electricity and provides floor heating - under the influence of infrared radiation they heat up and begin to give off heat to the rooms. According to experts, the film provides up to 30% efficiency compared to the use of conventional electric boilers.

Every home must be equipped with a heating system

Owners of private housing have a huge advantage over residents of apartment buildings. They can decide for themselves which room service systems to use and how to save on installation and operation costs. Those who live in apartments, as a rule, cannot influence the quality and quantity of utility services provided, especially in the direction of increasing them. Owners of private houses can foresee the nuances even at the construction stage and choose the most profitable solution. To the point that the most economical home heating can be installed with your own hands.

The main advantage of electric heating is the rapid spread of heat around the source

This source is available almost everywhere. But it’s unlikely that heating a private home with electricity can be called the cheapest. If you decide to use electrical appliances for heating, be prepared to see large numbers on your electricity bill. The main advantage of electric heating is the rapid spread of heat around the source. Literally within a few minutes after switching on, you can feel the result. That is why electric heaters are most often used not for constant heating of homes, but in some in case of emergency. The fire hazard of electric heating devices is also quite high. It is not recommended to leave them on for long periods of time unattended.

Solid fuel

This name most often refers to firewood and coal. Firewood, although a very common fuel in Russia, will not help you solve the problem of cheap heating at home.

Fuel briquettes can have different compositions

In private homes, they are usually used to light stoves before laying coal. In large country houses, where, as a rule, there are fireplaces, firewood is also used. Coal is the cheapest and most commonly used solid fuel for heating private homes. Thus, if you want to provide economical home heating with your own hands, add to the project a stove that will be heated with coal and heat your home. In some areas, briquetted fuel is also used. This can be peat or pressed wood chips. However, due to geographical features, such types of fuel are not very common in Russia.

Liquid fuel

Derivatives are commonly used as liquid fuels. chemical production– fuel oil, diesel fuel, etc. In private homes, these heat sources are rarely used. Because combustion produces acrid smoke. Also, due to their increased flammability, it is quite unsafe to store these types of fuel near residential premises.

Gas

Cheapest heating country house can be organized using gas equipment. The cost of fuel is very low, and modern equipment can be installed and assembled in a matter of hours. However, the cost of high-quality equipment is quite high. And the final price of the project will depend on the distance of your home from the gas pipeline.

Alternative energy sources

Installing solar panels can help you save money

Of all the alternative sources known in the world, wind can be used on a more or less large scale in Russia. For this, solar panels or wind turbines are respectively needed. These sources can give you virtually free energy and provide truly the cheapest heating for your home. Moreover, both of them can be very different in size, and, accordingly, cost. However, due to climatic conditions, they cannot be used constantly and everywhere.

So, if you want to make cheap heating for a private house with your own hands, you need to choose which type of fuel will be your main and which auxiliary. First of all, you need to proceed from the location of your home and the availability of certain heat sources. Then you need to calculate the costs of installing equipment for each resource and choose what suits you best. In such an important matter, it is advisable to consult with specialists. Typically, equipment supplier companies own complete information about this question.

In a private home, it is advisable to have several heat sources. To heat the main living space, you can use a pipe or one that supplies heat from a distribution boiler. It can be heated using solid fuel, gas or electricity.

To create a special coziness, owners of country houses often use fireplaces. Of course, fireplaces should only contain natural wood or charcoal. True, there are also electric fireplaces, but those who like this imitation of living heat are more likely to be residents of apartment buildings than owners of a country house. Also, the design of private houses often includes a bathhouse. Both natural wood and electric stoves can also be used for heating.

Using solar panels is a good way to help your budget. Since solar energy can be accumulated, in most regions of Russia this equipment can be used to have a backup heat source in case of force majeure. In addition, the electricity obtained from solar panels is 100% environmentally friendly.

In any private home, when installing a heating system, it is necessary to provide for various situations. Including emergency ones. So that in case of failure gas boiler or a pipe burst, it was possible to switch to a backup option without any problems. And while repairing the main equipment, you will not be left without heat and energy. Thus, the cheapest heating for a country house is a competent combination of various heat sources. Using them in various combinations, you will ensure uninterrupted operation of the life support system of your home.

The most economical heating method for a private home is considered to be the use of a gas system. However, not everyone has the opportunity to use it, for example, if there is no highway nearby. In such a situation, you need to heat the room in another way. The most profitable option can be selected if you analyze everything possible methods and consider the advantages and disadvantages of specific options.

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  Choosing inexpensive heating

  Before you pick best option economical heating of the house, you need to take into account several factors. The following points need to be analyzed:

  

  Heating in a private house is a super new feature!!

  

  Types of fuel

  The most economical home heating involves minimum consumption coolants, so you need to understand which fuel will be the most accessible. This factor is calculated based on two indicators:

  1. 1. Fuel price.
  2. 2. Possibility of uninterrupted supply of energy.

  The second factor is the most preferable. If the owner finds himself in a situation where the necessary fuel cannot be obtained, it will not be easy to get out of the situation. The most popular types of coolants are:

  

  Before purchasing a boiler, you need to consider the size calorific value different types of coolants. The quality of energy release during combustion depends on this criterion. Rating of the most efficient fuels in descending order:

  1. 1. Electricity.
  2. 2. Liquefied and natural gas.
  3. 3. Coolants in liquid form.
  4. 4. Stone type of coal.
  5. 5. Fuel brackets and firewood.

  Prices for these types of coolants vary in each region. If we take the average data as a basis, gas still remains, coal, pellets and firewood will cost 2 times more. Liquid coolants cost several times more than gas, and electricity is the most expensive type of heating.

  It is impossible to say for sure which type of fuel is most profitable to use for. This is influenced by many individual factors. On average, the following fuel rating, presented as the price increases, would be appropriate:

  1. 1. Natural gas.
  2. 2. Various types of coal.
  3. 3. Firewood.
  4. 4. Pellets.
  5. 5. Liquefied gas.
  6. 6. Liquid types of energy carriers.
  7. 7. Electricity.

  Cheap heating in a private house. Personal experience

  Once your preferred fuel type has been selected, you can move on to the next step. Now you need to decide which heating in a private house is the most economical: water, air or electric.

  

  Electrical heating

  There are several ways to heat your home using electricity. The following types of heating can be distinguished:

  

  If we talk about electric heating In general, we can highlight a lot of advantages of this method. The advantages are as follows:

  • Easy to install.
  • Quiet operation.
  • No dryness in the air.
  • Easy maintenance.
  • The ability to quickly and easily adjust the temperature in a separate room.

  How to heat a private house without gas? But! Comfortable. Comfortable. And low cost.

  However, any type of heating also has its disadvantages. The disadvantages of electric heating include:

  • Expensive to operate due to high energy costs. This method is more preferable for a city apartment.
  • The likelihood of being left without heating in the event of an unexpected power outage.

  

  Water heating

  The operation scheme of water heating is as follows: water is heated in the boiler, after which it moves through laid pipes and transfers its thermal energy in radiators, and then returns to the boiler. This method can be divided into three types according to the type of circulation.

  During natural circulation, the coolant moves due to the difference between warm and cold water by density. Water warm temperature lighter than cold water, so it is displaced and enters the upper region of the heating network. Next, it cools smoothly, after which it begins to circulate to the lower region of the system and heats the space in the radiators, and then goes back to the boiler. This scheme is very economical due to the following factors:

  • It is completely independent of electricity and does not require a pressure pump for circulation.
  • The system is durable because it contains a minimum number of parts that can break.

  However, this method has significant drawbacks. It is important to pay attention to such factors:

  • Natural circulation cannot be used to heat a large house with an area of ​​100 square meters. Water will not circulate due to the high hydrodynamic resistance of long networks.
  • The boiler must be turned on constantly.
  • Adjust the temperature to separate rooms It won't be easy.

  
  

  Systems with forced circulation differ significantly from the first type of water heating. The pump can be located in the boiler itself or be built separately. The following advantages of this method can be highlighted:

  • For installation, you will need smaller house pipes than with the gravity method.
  • Thanks to the pump, heating efficiency will increase by 30 percent. This type of work allows you to heat even a large two-story house.
  • You can easily adjust the temperature in each room.

  Cheap heating for a private home

  This method is very popular. However, it is necessary to take into account the following features:

  • Electricity is required to operate the circulation pump.
  • The system will not operate during a power outage. This disadvantage can be compensated for by using additional energy sources, for example, a generator or a special battery with constant power.

  Systems with combined circulation are very similar to gravity flow systems. The difference is that the former have circulation pump, which pumps energy. If the power goes out, the system will continue to function without it, although the performance factor will decrease. Nevertheless, the house will always be warm. This heating method has the same advantages and disadvantages as the two previous methods, depending on the operating mode.

  The advantage of all water systems is the huge selection of boilers that can be connected to them. The disadvantages include difficulties in installation compared to other heat supply methods. This method certainly applies to cheap heating of a private home, but it is extremely difficult to do it yourself.

  Air heating

  With this method, air is heated in a heat exchanger or heater, after which it passes through built-in channels and is distributed throughout all rooms. Each room must have several openings through which air will enter the room. The main advantages of such a system:

  • The method allows you to heat rooms very quickly.
  • The efficiency is at least 90 percent.
  • Heat supply channels do not require inter-seasonal maintenance, which means you can save a lot of money.

  However, it also has several disadvantages. You need to remember that:

  • Such a system will not be able to function silently. For those who value silence, this option is not suitable.
  • In order to complete the installation, a large area will be required.

  Ways to save more

  Maximum savings can be achieved if a certain thermal regime is observed. Even when designing a private house, the owner should take into account the fact that rooms that border external walls are more susceptible to cooling in the winter than those that are closer to the central part of the house.

  Using seals

  When doing installation, do not forget about effective insulation private house. Even the best-quality heating will not produce any results if all the heat is blown out of the room. If there are no drafts in the house, uninsulated walls still cool air currents. Cold floors also negate all the efforts of the owner. In addition, you need to take into account the quality of doors and double-glazed windows.

  
  

  If the house is effectively insulated, heating it will cost half as much as otherwise. Keeping this in mind, when planning a house, you need to select materials that have maximum heat-insulating functions. However, even an already built private house can be very well insulated. There are many coolants with low thermal conductivity. Old proven materials are glass wool and polystyrene foam. Of the new ones, you can focus on the following varieties:

• Expanded polystyrene.
• Extruded polystyrene foam.
• Polyurethane foam.

Each material has its own advantages, disadvantages and features of use. Sellers of building materials are very well aware of this and will always be able to recommend which sealant is suitable in a particular case.

Modern devices

The market does not stand still. There are several effective devices that will help you save a lot of money:

There is no consensus on which heating is the most economical. The choice of heating method depends on many factors and individual characteristics Houses. However, after studying information about all methods of heat supply, as well as learning about their advantages and disadvantages, you can choose the most suitable option for yourself.

Heating a private home in the cold season is always associated with significant financial costs. In this regard, the owners have a reasonable question about how to save on heating so that it remains quite efficient and warms up the entire house well. This article will talk about the most profitable heating systems and how to create economical heating in a private home.

Fuel cost comparison

To understand which heating is economically beneficial, it is worth making a direct comparison of the cost of one kilowatt-hour of heat for different types of fuel.

When figuring out which heating is economical and which is not, it is worth comparing the cost of energy resources in increasing order, which can be presented as the following list:

• Main gas;
• Dry firewood;
• Pellets;
• Coal;
• Propane from gas tanks;
• Bottled gas;
• Diesel fuel;
• Electricity.

Of course, it is always worth taking into account the terrain factor, which greatly affects the cost of energy resources, but in general the price picture corresponds to the list. The most economical heating of a private house is associated with the use of main gas, and if possible it is worth installing gas heating– but this opportunity is not always available, so you have to explore other options.

Ways to increase heating efficiency

There are several ways to create economical heating for a private home and reduce heating costs. For example, there are different ways using the same fuel with different heat output, and additional features There are also a lot of options that can improve heating efficiency.

One way to reduce costs is directly related to the heat loss of the building. Thus, about 35% of all heat is lost through the walls of a house, about 25% of thermal energy comes out through the roof and windows, and up to 15% through the floor. If you reduce heat loss, you can improve the efficiency of your heating system - and this is what you need to do first, instead of trying to figure out which heating is cheaper.

There are several ways to insulate a private home:

1. Foam coat. The foam sheets are attached to the building using cement adhesive and dowels. Subsequently, the sheets are covered with reinforcing mesh and puttied.
2. Mineral wool fur coat. This type of insulation is structurally identical to the previous one, but in quality thermal insulation material sheets of mineral wool protrude. Unlike foam plastic, this material It is characterized by minimal flammability, i.e. Due to its use, the fire safety of the building also increases.
3. Facade insulation. In this case mineral wool attached to the walls and covered with a windproof membrane. A metal or plastic cladding is installed over this structure, which is attached to a wooden or metal frame.
4. Insulation of the screed. Actually, correct styling Screeds initially require the presence of a thermal insulation layer. The screed is mounted on top of the existing base on a layer of polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene.
5. Insulation wooden floor . Thermal insulation material is installed in the space between the support beams on top of the decking layer. From above it can be covered either with waterproofing, which is practiced in unheated attics, or with a flooring installed on joists.
6. Bulk insulation. A layer of expanded clay or slag about 20-30 cm thick is poured into the space between the beams or slabs.
7. Installation of energy-saving windows. Energy-saving windows use glass with a minimal layer of metal coating. In the infrared spectrum, this design is opaque, so thermal energy (both cold and heat) cannot enter the room.
8. Roof insulation. For implementation this method insulation in the space between rafter legs On the roof, slabs of thermal insulation material are laid, on top of which a layer of vapor barrier is attached. If desired, you can use multi-layer insulation, which further reduces heat loss.

All of the methods described can reduce heat loss, resulting in more economical home heating. Even minor insulation of a home can significantly affect the cost of heating it. Professional formulas can use insulation coefficients from 0.6 to 4, and in the most extreme cases, the spread of heat losses in buildings with and without insulation can reach 6 times.

However, all this concerns savings by reducing heat losses - but there is also the opportunity to save on the heating system itself. For example, you can choose more economical heating equipment - after all, various know-how in heating private houses periodically appears on the market, and it is worth paying attention to them. Various methods of economical heating will be discussed below.

Condensing gas boilers

A condensing gas boiler allows you to create the most favorable heating private house. The design of such a boiler includes two heat exchangers, one of which receives the heat generated by burning gas, and the second provides condensation of combustion products. The condensate itself is discharged into the sewer through a drainage outlet.

Condensing-type boilers differ from conventional gas devices in the extreme degree of use of thermal energy. The heat generated by the condensation of water vapor is also used to heat the building, i.e. energy losses are minimized. When operating such boilers, savings of approximately 11-13% are achieved, and gas combustion efficiency can reach 107% (taking into account the heat from condensation of water vapor).

Pyrolysis heating boilers

Wood heating equipment in itself is quite profitable - but savings can be increased further by using a pyrolysis boiler, the installation of which creates a fairly economical heating system for a private home. In addition to economic benefits, such a boiler also reduces the frequency of laying firewood (regular boilers need to be heated every 2-4 hours, and pyrolysis boilers increase this time to 10-12 hours).

All this benefit is made possible by the fact that the fuel is burned in two stages. At first, the firewood smolders slowly due to the limited access of oxygen when high temperature. Most of the fuel during combustion is processed into carbon monoxide and volatile hydrocarbons. Combustible gases enter the afterburning chamber, where oxygen ensures their complete combustion with decomposition into carbon dioxide and water.

Possible savings of up to 30% in these devices are achieved due to complete combustion of firewood and limited heat transfer. In conventional solid fuel boilers, the heating power is regulated by the blower damper, and this design does not allow the maximum use of the fuel resource - part of the potential heat simply escapes into the atmosphere.

Solid fuel boilers with heat accumulator

A standard solid fuel boiler can also be made quite economical by equipping it with a heat accumulator. The device of this design looks simple: the battery is an insulated container with pipes for connection to the heating system. The heat accumulator, as its name implies, accumulates the thermal energy generated by heating equipment.

The efficiency of the storage device largely depends on its volume - for example, a 3000-liter battery that has accumulated a sufficient amount of energy can independently heat a house with an area of ​​90 m2 throughout the day. The battery tank acts as a kind of jumper between the boiler and heating devices.

Savings are ensured due to the fact that the boiler operates in normal mode and produces maximum efficiency. Excess energy that is not currently required by the heating circuit remains in the heat accumulator and is used to maintain heating in the future. In addition to saving 10-30%, this design also allows you to reduce the number of fuel additions to the boiler.

Electric boilers with heat storage

Another option for economical heating of a private home is an electric boiler connected to a heat accumulator and operating as follows:

• The buffer tank is located between the boiler and heating devices, dividing them into two circuits;
• At night, the boiler starts up and heats the water in the tank;
• During the day, the heat accumulated by the battery is used to heat the house.

Savings in this case become possible if the region has a night tariff, which is usually about 70% cheaper than the day rate.

Warm floor

Warm floor is economical heating country house, which can be arranged in a number of ways:

• Laying pipes in an insulated screed and supplying coolant to them;
• Laying the heating cable under the tiles in a layer of tile adhesive;
• Laying film heaters under different types floor coverings(parquet, laminate, linoleum).

Warm floors, which provide complete heating of living spaces, turn out to be quite economical, regardless of the fuel used. Economical heating of the house when using such systems is ensured by reducing the average temperature in the house while maintaining a comfortable atmosphere.

To understand this principle, it is worth comparing the temperature conditions of underfloor heating and traditional convection heating. In the latter case, the average temperature is about 25-26 degrees - approximately 22 degrees near the floor, and up to 30 degrees near the ceiling. Since such a temperature is simply not needed at the upper level, we can say that heat is wasted.

Any most economical heated floor primarily transfers heat to the lower level of the room - i.e. the temperature near the floor is still 22 degrees. The average temperature is reduced due to the fact that the space under the ceiling warms up to 16 degrees. This difference creates economical heating for the home.

Infrared heating

Another way to reduce the cost of heating a home involves the use of infrared heaters, which are available in several formats:

• Heaters with a quartz tube, inside of which there is a high-temperature heating coil;
• Film heaters that are installed under finishing walls or representing imitation of various interior objects;
• Glass, metal and ceramic panel heaters.

The main difference between infrared devices is that they heat not the air, but the objects in the room. In order for savings when using IR heaters to be possible, they must be positioned correctly - for example, a device installed under the ceiling will heat the surfaces below. The result is a cheaper and less difficult to install analogue of heated floors.

Among the advantages infrared heating and the fact that it can warm people directly, and no energy is used to heat the mediator in the form of air. Due to this, the room temperature can be reduced to 14-15 degrees, and it will feel quite comfortable. With this heating option, you can save up to 40%.

Solar collectors

Unlike solar panels, collectors are designed to heat water. There are two forms solar collectors– flat and tubular. The most efficient models of these devices can process up to 85% of the data received from sunlight energy - and this is a fairly high indicator.

However, collectors also have a number of disadvantages. First of all, it is worth noting that solar collectors can only work during the daytime. In addition, even during the day, the performance of the device may vary depending on external conditions– cloudy weather significantly reduces the efficiency of the collector.

Savings when using these devices are achieved through solar energy - it is absolutely free, i.e. direct heating costs are zero. If we look at this issue from this angle, we can make the erroneous conclusion that solar collectors are the most profitable heating system possible. During a long sunny day, a collector battery with an area of ​​60 m2 produces up to 240 kW/h per day. Even a small collector under suitable weather conditions can significantly increase heating efficiency.

Of course, we can talk about noticeable economic benefits only under favorable conditions. climatic conditions– and for the domestic space this state of affairs is unusual. In addition, the cost of solar collectors is very high, and the refund process can take a long time. long years. When deciding which heating is the most economical in a private home in your case, you need to take all these nuances into account.

Heat pumps

Heat pumps require electricity to operate - but even so they are very economical option heating a private house.

It's all about the principle of operation of such a device, which looks like this:

1. The compressor compresses freon, which is in a gaseous state. Increasing pressure converts freon into liquid and causes heating.
2. The heat generated by freon remains in the heat exchanger and is used to heat the building.
3. At a certain moment, the refrigerant reaches the expansion valve, and in this area it cools, and very sharply - the temperature of the freon instantly drops by several tens of degrees.
4. Entering the external heat exchanger, freon is heated by the environment.
5. The heated gas is again compressed in the compressor, and the working cycle is repeated.

The outside temperature should be lower than the air temperature in the house. Freon must be even colder when passing through the heat exchanger.

The heat source for a heat pump can be:

• Street air(air heat pumps can operate at ambient temperatures down to -25 degrees);
• Priming(the soil temperature at a level below the freezing depth is always above zero, which allows connecting a heat exchanger to it);
• Water(the source of heat can be either an ice-free reservoir or groundwater).

Economical heating of a private home in the case of heat pumps is possible due to the fact that each kilowatt of compressors consumed allows several times more energy to be pumped into the heating system. Such savings put heat pumps on the same level as wood boilers - and there is no inconvenience during operation, since the heat pump operates autonomously without any problems.

The savings compared to more conventional devices range from 3 to 6 times and vary depending on two parameters:

• Temperature of the external heat exchanger, which directly affects the possibility of heat intake;
• The temperature of the internal heat exchanger, the increase of which leads to a decrease in the heat transfer of the pump.

Most often, heat pumps are used in conjunction with warm floors or low temperature radiator heating. The most popular are inverter air conditioners - air heat pumps. For a house with an area of ​​150 m2, four air conditioners with a total power of 14 kW will be sufficient. About 1,500 kW of electricity will be consumed per month for their operation.

Conclusion

This article discussed the most economical devices for heating a private home and ways to reduce heating costs. There are different ways to heat a country house, each of which has its own characteristics, and the choice is the most suitable option always individual.