Everything you need to know about gas heating boilers. All about gas boilers for heating a private home - types, principles of operation, advantages and disadvantages Advantages and disadvantages of combined boilers

Wall-mounted boiler in the bathroom

The installation of gas boilers for heating a private home is most often resorted to when it is necessary to resolve the issue of organizing high-quality heating of the home. And this is no coincidence.

WITH centralized systems heating, some incidents always happen, and at the most inopportune moment you may be left without heat. A gas boiler is a great way to create and constantly maintain comfortable conditions in your home according to your wishes.

Main advantages of gas boilers

Modern wall mounted boiler

Compared to other devices that provide heat to the house, gas boilers have a number of advantages:

1. Relative ease of installation and operation. A gasified heating system involves the use of standardized fasteners and connecting pipes. This feature minimizes the occurrence of any difficulties during installation.
2. You can easily do some of the work on installing a gas-powered heating system yourself. However, commissioning and commissioning activities must be carried out by qualified specialists.
3. A home gas boiler room has a high efficiency. When using a pump in its design for forced circulation of water, such a system is capable of heating the furthest rooms with a large area in a short period of time.
4. Gas-fired boilers for heating a private house will significantly save your cash. After all, this type of fuel has a fairly low cost. At least for now. You can calculate your estimated expenses using a special formula. It is necessary to multiply the price of 1 cubic meter of consumed energy resource by the heated area of ​​the building.
5. Subject to all requirements fire safety This heating system provides high level fire protection. In addition, the equipment diagram for gas heating a private building or apartment is designed in such a way that the risk of poisoning by products of incomplete combustion of fuel is reduced to zero.
6. The system is equipped with special sensors. They control fuel supply, flame presence and parameters temperature regime, which makes the system absolutely safe.
7. Emission percentage harmful substances generated as a result of gas combustion is very small, which has a positive effect on the environmental cleanliness of the process.
8. Despite their high power, modern boilers are as compact as possible. They fit into any interior without any problems, without violating its integrity.
9. The service life of steel boilers can reach two decades, and the durability of cast iron units is about half a century, and sometimes more.

On a note! You can organize heating using cylinders without any particular difficulties if you do not have access to a centralized gas pipeline.

Some disadvantages of gas boilers

Checking the boiler operation

But along with the advantages, gas boilers also have disadvantages, of which there are much fewer:

1. If you intend to install gas heating in your country house, be prepared for the fact that you will have to coordinate all measures with special government services who will develop a gasification project for your home. Moreover, all these procedures can take a significant amount of time.
2. Installing gas boilers will be especially beneficial only if the total area of ​​the heated house is at least 100 square meters.

Types of gas equipment

Modern boilers can be designed for both floor and wall mounting.

• Floor-standing devices are the most common option. Their installation must be carried out in rooms specially designated for these purposes with good ventilation. The area of ​​the boiler room should be about 9 square meters. Installation is carried out at a distance from the walls of at least 0.5 meters.
• Wall-mounted units are designed for heating small areas. Such boilers take up very little space and can be made with a combustion chamber or with a flow-through heating system.

It is necessary to mention the design features that you should pay attention to when choosing heating equipment. The most important thing in this case is the material from which the main heat exchanger is made.

Types of heat exchangers

Boiler operation diagram

They come in 3 types:

• Steel structure - used in economy class boilers.
• Products from of stainless steel- widely used in wall-mounted devices.
• Cast iron heat exchangers are the most reliable models that are mounted in a floor-mounted version.

Steel heat exchange systems are inferior to others in terms of technical characteristics, but are significantly cheaper. Cast iron boilers and stainless steel design options are approximately equal in power.

A cast iron boiler has a high heat capacity due to its impressive mass and wall thickness. Stainless steel heat exchangers are more modern high-tech products. But a boiler for heating a private home, made of cast iron, can reliably serve much longer than other devices.

Therefore, when installing the system gas heating, it is preferable to choose cast iron units. One of the main advantages of such equipment is its practicality, reliability and durability. It is quite possible that in the future you may simply not need to repair such a boiler, and occasionally you will only need to carry out its maintenance.

The principle of operation of a gas boiler

Operating principle of a gas condensing boiler

The boiler works quite simply. The gas enters a special automatic unit. Its sensors regulate the fuel supply depending on the temperature in heating system. It is then sent to the burners and mixed with air.

After this, the combustible mixture enters the furnace - a chamber where its direct combustion occurs. This releases a large amount of energy, which is used to heat the building.

The combustion products, passing through the heat exchanger, heat the water in the heating system. After this, they are released into the atmosphere through the chimney.

The exhaust gas leaving the chimney has a temperature several tens of degrees higher than the air temperature outside the building. Therefore, chimneys must be made in full accordance with building codes and rules.

Types of heating boiler designs

In addition to dividing according to the materials from which they are made, boilers are also classified according to the design of the firebox.

Designs with a closed firebox

Floor heating boiler

The boiler of such a gas heating system is equipped with a fan that provides forced injection air flow into the firebox. This is necessary for high-quality combustion of fuel.

Through the coaxial pipe through which air is supplied, combustion products are also removed. Such units do not require the construction of chimneys, and they are ideal for installation not only in houses, but also in apartments.

Important! The undoubted advantage of this design is that the furnace is purged with air both before fuel is supplied and after the combustion chamber is turned off. At the same time, the risk of gas fire directly in the firebox itself is significantly reduced.

Heat exchange between incoming air and exhaust gases has a beneficial effect on the operation of the boiler. At the same time, the ignition moment improves, and the combustion torch becomes more uniform. The overall efficiency of such a device is quite high, due to which owners receive significant savings.

Designs with an open combustion chamber

In the designs of classic boilers, the draft required to support high-quality combustion is created by the chimney. Such units are equipped with fireboxes open type. At the same time, the cost of the design is much lower than that of models with a closed combustion chamber.

But the absence of a fan in the device significantly reduces the efficiency. At the same time, the requirements for high-quality installation of the chimney duct pipe increase significantly.

Important! If in a boiler with a forced-injection fan you can easily ensure that exhaust gases are discharged through the wall directly to the street, then in heating unit with an open firebox this will no longer work.

Some features of gas boilers

Wall boiler

Gas heating works mainly due to the pressure of the liquid circulating in the system. The value of this indicator is extremely close to the atmospheric level or is in slight excess.

In the first case, the system operates under the influence of a water column. The system has free communication with the atmosphere from the expansion tank mark to the control point.

In the second case, the complex operates at excess pressure. The exact numbers are indicated in the passport of the heating gas generator. If the pressure rises above the limit specified in the documents, the machine responsible for safety automatically reduces it. If it crosses the minimum mark, then either the boiler is turned off, or the system operates due to a special valve.

Important! The placement of the safety circuit breaker equipped with a pressure gauge and expansion tank may vary. It can be installed either separately or built directly into a gas boiler, which depends on the manufacturer and the specific model of the unit.

Water circulation in the heating system can be natural or forced - under the action of a pump. However, most units designed to use devices for forced circulation are not supplied with them. Therefore, we recommend purchasing such pumps without fail. This will provide not only better heating of the premises, but also cost savings.

Attention! If you need not only to organize gas heating, but also to provide a bathroom and kitchen hot water, then a double-circuit boiler will cope best with such tasks.

Modern gas boilers operating on liquefied gas are characterized by a significant degree of automation. They are equipped with an abundance of all kinds of sensors and valves electromagnetic type. All larger number models are equipped with electronic control, so that now the consumer can independently set the optimal heating modes for him.

Finally

Now you know what you should first pay attention to when choosing gas boilers, what they come in design, and what surprises you can expect from them in operation. We recommend that you use double-circuit units and pumps for forced water circulation.

We hope that the materials presented will help you choose the right gas boiler. And if it is properly maintained, you will receive a reliable heating system.

Residential buildings that are not equipped with a central heating system require individual independent heating. A heating boiler will cope with this task perfectly. The main thing is to choose the right heating equipment for your home so that your family nest is warm and cozy.

The main parameters of the heating boiler - power And fuel type.

Power- main parameter. Approximately, the power of a heating boiler is calculated as follows: for 10 sq. m of heated area of ​​an insulated building with ceilings up to 3 m high, 1 kW of power is required. To finally determine the required boiler power, it is necessary, with the help of engineers and designers, to make a competent thermal calculation taking into account such factors as: the thickness and material of walls, ceilings, the number and size of windows, the presence of a fireplace, the purpose of individual rooms of the house, the presence of heated floors, etc.

Fuel type- the second most important factor of a heating boiler. The fuel on which the boiler operates is: liquid (diesel), electricity, gas (mainline or bottled) and solid fuel (coke, pellets, wood, coal, etc.).

Heating boilers are divided according to the following significant criteria:

• manufacturing material - cast iron and steel;
• installation method- wall and floor;
• number of circuits- single-circuit and double-circuit (with built-in boiler and coil);
• and energy-dependent (a heating system with forced circulation of coolant is impossible without the use of electricity);
• exhaust removal method(exhaust gases) - forced draft (using a fan) and natural draft.

Types of heating boilers and their features

There are several types of heating boilers. They are distinguished by installation method and energy source.

• Gas heating boilers . Today, gas boilers are the most popular type of heating boilers - they are used approximately 70% of the total number of boilers, due to low cost of gas and the widespread use of gas pipelines. Gas boilers are divided into wall-mounted and floor-mounted.
• Wall mounted- equipped with an expansion tank and a circulation pump, which significantly saves space in the room. In turn, wall-mounted heating boilers are divided into single-circuit and double-circuit . Dual-circuit- provide heating and have the ability to heat hot water. In view of small sizes This equipment is ideal for a private home due to its small size, ease of installation and maintenance. Single-circuit boilers operate only in the heating circuit to heat the coolant.
• Floor-standing- require, in accordance with safety standards, a separate boiler room in compliance with all requirements and standards of the gas service. They operate on the basis of a steel or cast iron heat exchanger. Floor-standing heating boilers are divided into floor-standing gas boilers with inflatable and atmospheric burners. The first option is quite easy to use, cheaper in cost, boiler operation does not cause much noise. The second option has high efficiency and more expensive.

Gas boilers with inflatable burners have an important advantage - options for installing burners that run on both gas and diesel fuel.

• Diesel heating boilers. Their main feature is a replaceable burner. By changing the burner, you can change the type of fuel used on this boiler. The diesel boiler has an open combustion chamber, operates on one heating circuit and is exhausted only in floor version.
• Solid fuel heating boilers. The oldest and most popular type of heating equipment among the population. They are used to maintain warm air and preparation of hot water in country houses and industrial complexes. This type of boiler is used in buildings remote from the city. Solid fuel heating boilers are working offline and are completely independent of electricity.
• Electric heating boilers. They do not require special permission or approval to work in a private home. Their main difference is the built-in equipment of systems and temperature programmers. Electric boilers are used as a reserve for solid fuel boilers in case the firewood burns out. This scheme is convenient in a small heated area, where it is not possible to install a solid fuel boiler with a large firebox, as well as in places where there is no gas supply.

Universal boilers

The main difference between universal or combined boilers is the ability to use several types of fuel at the same time. The operation of a universal boiler is based on solid fuel, and other types - liquid, gas or electricity - as a supplement. This feature allows the boiler to be used in different areas under different conditions.

The minimum configuration of a universal boiler includes water jacket, furnace And frame. In addition, the boiler can be equipped with a pump, automation, security system and thermostat. The burner for the boiler is usually not included in the kit; it must be purchased separately.

The boiler body is made of either steel or cast iron. Practice shows that owners resort to repairing cast iron boilers more often than steel boilers. In addition, a cast iron boiler is heavier.

Types of universal boilers

• the most common type of universal boiler is boiler with a chamber for burning solid fuel with additional installations of mounted burners for liquid fuel and gas;
• boiler with replaceable burners for gas and liquid fuel and with built-in electric heating element;
• wood gas generator boiler or wood-gas- when wood burns, it is released flammable gas, which, unlike conventional boilers, does not escape into the atmosphere, but is completely burned in the boiler, which significantly increases the heating effect.

To increase the efficiency of using universal boilers, a heated water accumulator is connected to them. The accumulator is a reservoir into which excess water is removed from the boiler. Using a pump from the battery through the valve, hot coolant - water or antifreeze for heating - enters the system, ensuring uniform heating and high system efficiency.

To choose a gas boiler and not make a mistake, it is recommended to study this material:

How to choose the right heating boiler for your home

Among the many types of heating boilers, choosing the right boiler (suitable for your home) is not easy. The choice is made based on the following criteria: price, type of fuel, power, method of removing exhaust gases, installations, by number of circuits.

1. Price. On the market, heating boilers are divided into three main price groups - high-quality and expensive (as a rule, Swedish and German production); average in price, but without losing quality (made in Italy, South Korea, Spain, Czech Republic, Japan, Slovakia); cheap - made in Russia.
2. Power. The power of the heating boiler is taken into account depending on the size of the area of ​​the heated room. The calculation takes into account all heat conductors - doors, windows, floors, wall material, etc. You can correctly calculate the boiler power with the help of engineers or special calculators.
3. Fuel. Depending on the conditions and location of your home, everyone chooses best option heating boiler.
4. Number of circuits. If you only need to heat your house, then for you the right choice There will be a single-circuit type of boiler. If you would like to receive not only heat, but also hot water, purchase a double-circuit heating boiler.

With reviews about gas boilers can be found in this article:

Afterword

If finances allow you - entrust installation to specialists. Then, in the future, all responsibility for the operation of the heating equipment will fall on the shoulders of the manufacturer (of course, if correct operation), and if problems arise, you will be able to solve them quickly and competently.

First of all, heating boilers are classified according to the type of coolant used:
. gas
. electric
. solid fuel
. diesel
. combined

If gas is supplied to the house, the choice is obvious - most likely and in all respects suitable a gas boiler. And we will help you understand the features, advantages and imperfections of gas heating boilers, their modifications and installation methods.

In gas boilers it is usually used natural gas. This energy carrier has both advantages (relative efficiency and environmental friendliness, compactness and ease of operation) and disadvantages. The main disadvantage of gas boilers is the risk of explosion. Gas boilers are subject to serious fire safety requirements. To install such boilers, a whole list of special permits is required. One of the requirements is to install the boiler in a separate, well-ventilated room equipped with a chimney. It is forbidden to place the gas boiler close to the wall. Another requirement is the need to equip the gas heating boiler with an automatic system that blocks the access of gas in the event of a threat of leakage.

Installation gas boiler- an extremely responsible matter. Take care of your safety - be careful when installing a gas heating boiler.
The key parameter of a gas boiler is power. The choice of power is determined by the estimated heat loss of the house and climatic conditions.

Gas boilers are divided into:
. low-power - 4-65 kW
. average power - up to 1700 kW
. high power - up to 15000 kW

Pay special attention to the power of a gas heating boiler - it is this that determines the reliability and efficiency of the boiler.

The boiler power, in turn, determines the control method:
. in boilers low power single-stage regulation is used, less often modulated;
. for medium-power boilers - two-stage or modulating;
. for high power boilers - only modulated regulation.

Single-circuit and double-circuit boilers perform different functions. Single-circuit ones are used exclusively for heating; double-circuit ones provide not only heating, but also water heating. The latter are of the flow type and with a built-in boiler.

Since “flow tanks” do not provide simultaneous water heating and heating, they are used only in cases of very low hot water consumption.

The water in boilers with a built-in boiler is heated by an additional gas burner, which ensures constant heating of the water. However, there are also a number of disadvantages: the cost is higher; weighting and complication of the design; the need to regularly clean the boiler from scale formed when heating water.

There are gas heating boilers that can provide water heating in swimming pools and “warm floor” systems - their cost is very high.
Gas boilers are equipped either an atmospheric burner or a ventilation, very noisy in operation - such a design will require a separate room.

According to the installation method, boilers are divided into floor and wall. These groups are distinguished due to various materials and designs.

Wall-mounted boilers are produced with heat exchangers made of copper, floor-standing ones - with heat exchangers made of steel or cast iron. Cast iron is more resistant to corrosion, and such a boiler can last up to half a century. Steel boilers will cost less, they are lighter and more resistant to mechanical damage. However, their service life is shorter - up to 20 years.

High-power boilers are made exclusively floor-standing.

Wall-mounted boilers have a number of advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include lower cost, light weight, compact size, and the ability to use not only in the house, but also in the apartment. The disadvantages are that the service life is shorter than that of floor-mounted ones; restrictions on the power and use of antifreeze; significant sensitivity to water and gas quality.

Boilers with natural and forced draft are also differentiated, in which gases are removed by a fan through a hose. For heating boilers with natural draft, you need to install a chimney: the higher it is, the better it is.

When choosing a heating boiler, you should remember the fundamentally important points that you should not skimp on:

On the efficiency (efficiency) of the boiler;
. on its reliability (which is especially important for gas boilers);
. on the equipment regulating the operation of the boiler;
. for service.

If you choose and install a heating boiler correctly, your home will always be cozy, warm and safe. We wish you to make the right choice!

Each of us dreams of living in comfort and coziness. And even if we're talking about about a country house, I want it to greet its visitors with warmth and hospitality. And if you decide to spend a quiet winter evening away from civilization, sitting comfortably behind a wide dining table Having prepared a wonderful dinner and gathered your whole family, you don’t want this evening to be ruined! And this will happen if you don’t take care to install it in advance boiler. Heating systems have always been in the first place for people when building homes. Various methods have been used for these purposes. Today the most popular wall-mounted gas boilers - practical and convenient means for maintaining heat around the clock. These boilers can be installed both in a country house and in any room with an autonomous heating system.

We offer you a wide range of boilers, among which you will surely choose the ideal sample for yourself. And if it’s difficult for you to make a choice, our experts will tell you which one to choose. heating equipment best suited for your home.

Boilers are different.

All heating equipment offered by us can be classified according to a number of criteria. One of them is the type of fuel used for work. Depending on the fuel used, boilers are divided into solid fuel, diesel, waste oil, electric and gas boilers.

Depending on the number of heating circuits, boilers can be single-circuit - they perform the heating function and double-circuit - they are used both to solve problems of heat supply and to prepare hot water.

There is another one important point when selecting boilers - the combustion chamber, it can be open or closed. The difference between them lies in the installation of a smoke removal system. Boilers with an open chamber, also called atmospheric, require a classic chimney with natural draft, while boilers with a closed chamber require combustion products to be removed forcibly through a system of coaxial chimneys using a fan. The choice of the appropriate boiler depends on your preferences, planned operating conditions, required technical characteristics, etc. Therefore, we advise you to take into account the uniqueness of each individual heating system.

The next principle underlying the division of boiler equipment into groups is location. According to your taste, you can choose wall-mounted or floor standing boilers. However, the point is not only in aesthetic appearance, but also in power, technical and functional features boilers For example, floor boilers - more powerful heat generators, which means that for large rooms they are better suited than wall-mounted boilers, as they can provide heating for the entire area. However, in order to acquire them, you will need to organize a special boiler room and attract a team of installers. Wall boilers They are compact in size and light in weight, but their power will not be enough for heating industrial and utility premises.

For owners of country houses and cottages, we recommend that you pay attention to wall-mounted gas boilers , and for owners of large premises - floor heating boilers , since boilers of this type will allow you to significantly save on fuel!

However, even with certain knowledge of heating equipment, the correct choice of boiler still remains difficult due to the huge number of brands of imported and domestic production with a variety of technical characteristics. Therefore, let's move on to detailed description and systematization of all types and types of boiler equipment.

Gas boilers.

Among all types of heating boilers, perhaps gas boilers have the most extensive classification according to a number of fundamental characteristics (criteria):

· Installation method - wall and floor option accommodation;

· Number of circuits - single-circuit and double-circuit boilers;

· Combustion chamber type - open (natural draft) or closed (forced draft);

· Heat exchanger material - cast iron, steel, copper, stainless steel;

· By type of gas burner - atmospheric or inflatable boilers;

· Boiler starting system - piezo ignition and electric ignition;

· Heat exchanger design - plate or bithermic;

· Electrical connection - non-volatile and mandatory connection to power supply;

· Use of waste gas energy - classic and condensation;

· Type of hot water preparation - flow-through, built-in boiler, external storage boiler;

· Scope of application - household and industrial.

Using the example of wall-mounted and floor-standing boilers, we will consider the main of these criteria.

Wall-mounted gas single-circuit and double-circuit boilers with open/closed combustion chamber.

Wall-mounted boilers are perfect for heating and hot water supply of small residential premises, for example, country houses or apartments with an area of ​​up to 250 m2 . Thanks to their compact size and low weight, they can be easily installed on walls or partitions anywhere in the living area of ​​rooms and premises.

Wall-mounted gas boilers can be single-circuit, i.e. their main mode of operation is heating, or dual-circuit - they combine the functions of heating and preparing hot domestic water. Most wall-mounted boilers have a flow-through principle for heating water, both in the heating circuit and in the DHW circuit, thanks to a plate (separate) or bithermic (combined) heat exchanger. Boilers with a plate type heat exchanger are more reliable and durable in operation. However, there are situations when, with an increase in water withdrawal points, boilers with flow-through mode do not provide the required amount of hot water, then boilers with a built-in boiler come to the rescue. Depending on the manufacturer, the boiler volume is 40- 60 liters . Such boilers, firstly, are capable of producing a larger volume of hot water per unit of time. And secondly, a boiler is always a supply of water, with a maintained temperature of 50-60 degrees, and when consumed, this volume is even greater, because water is mixed with cold water to a temperature of 35-42 degrees.

Another important feature that wall-mounted boilers have is their design. They are, in fact, a mini-boiler room, because... their device includes not only a burner, heat exchanger, automation and other main units, but also shut-off and safety fittings, expansion tank for the heating and hot water system (if the boiler is double-circuit), circulation pump(s), etc. Therefore, during installation, boilers only need to be connected to engineering systems and put it to work.

Wall-mounted boilers, based on the type of combustion chamber and the method of exhaust gas removal, are divided into boilers with an open or closed combustion chamber. The first ones consume air directly from the room for the combustion process, and the combustion products are removed through a classic chimney and natural draft, respectively.

In cases where the laying and installation of a chimney is complicated or impractical, then in this case it is most optimal to install boilers with a closed combustion chamber and forced draft using a fan at the outlet. For such boilers, you need to purchase a coaxial smoke removal system with a chimney diameter of 60/100 or 80/125 mm. In addition, closed chamber boilers have two important advantages: they require an inexpensive chimney, and they do not burn air from the room. In connection with why such boilers were found wide application when organizing apartment heating.

As for the automation of wall-mounted boilers, it can be used to control temperature conditions in several main circuits - heating, hot water supply, heated floors, swimming pool, winter garden, etc. Automation performs the most important functions, such as: self-diagnosis and provision safe work boiler due to constant monitoring of all systems. For example, the draft in the chimney, gas supply and pressure, the presence of coolant in the system, etc. and immediately turns off the boiler, as well as turning it on and autostarting when the corresponding failures are eliminated. Also, the automation of most modern wall-mounted boilers is weather-sensitive, which allows for significant savings in gas consumption depending on the outside temperature.

When choosing the desired model wall-mounted heating boiler, it is necessary to calculate its power in advance, determine the number of circuits based on the needs for hot water supply, the method of placing the chimney and removing combustion products, etc.

Floor-standing gas boilers with atmospheric and fan (mounted or forced-air) burners.

Floor-standing boilers are optimally suited for heating residential and non-residential premises large area. Previously, most boilers were single-circuit in design, intended only for heating. In order to prepare hot water, external storage boilers (capacitive water heaters) with a powerful, high-performance indirect heat exchanger and a volume of 100 to 500 liters . Now on the market there are also dual-circuit models boilers with built-in boiler from 50 to 130 liters . These boilers are convenient and practical for installation, because... represent a finished boiler room. Plus, they are capable of producing large volumes of hot water from 600 to 1300 l/h. They basically have only one drawback - a fairly high price. But if we compare the 2 amounts spent on organizing boiler houses based on boilers with a built-in boiler and an external one storage water heater, then the costs of the latter will be no less, and in some cases even more...

Externally, floor-standing boilers are characterized by large dimensions and significant weight compared to wall-mounted boilers. However, their main advantage is their high thermal power, which is achieved by the operation of a very important unit - the gas burner.

Based on the type of gas burner, they are divided into boilers with atmospheric and boilers with forced-air (mounted or fan) burners. Boilers with an atmospheric burner generally have a thermal power of no more than 300 kW (in a cascade 1500-2000 kW). While boilers with a pressurized gas burner can reach enormous power of up to several tens of thousands of kW. In both cases, there are pros and cons.

Gas boilers with an atmospheric burner cost significantly less than forced-air ones, because... the burner is already part of the boiler. During operation, they are absolutely silent and environmentally friendly. However, there is one drawback - when the gas pressure decreases, the flame on the burner “sits” at its very base and the burner gradually burns out.

Gas boilers with a pressurized gas burner, due to their significant power and efficiency, are mainly used for heating country houses and cottages with an area of ​​​​from 500 m2 , or production, warehouse and other utility premises up to 100,000 m2 . Boilers with a fan burner are subject to more stringent requirements for placement and operating conditions; in addition, they operate with a lot of noise, which can only be partially reduced by using a heat-sound-insulating casing of the mounted burner, or by installing exhaust gas silencers.

Floor-standing gas heating boilers can be:

· Single stage , i.e. constantly operate with the same power, close to the rated one. These boilers are the most uneconomical and have a shorter service life;

· Two-stage - have two levels of installation and power control. The 1st stage provides, depending on the manufacturer, up to 50-60% of the boiler power, and the 2nd stage from 50 to 100% of the power. Boilers with two stages are more economical in gas consumption, because... about 70-75% of the time heating season can work at the 1st stage, and only 20-30% of the time they move to the 2nd stage. In addition, two-stage boilers have a longer service life by reducing the frequency of burner switching on/off.

· Boilers with modulating burners , are able to provide consumers with the most comfortable heating and hot water preparation modes. In such boilers, the burner power varies in proportion to the temperature requirements of the heating and hot water systems. Are the most economical boilers with low gas consumption and low emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

The next important issue when choosing floor-standing gas heating boilers that you should pay attention to is the heat exchanger material. There is no consensus on this matter. Every material has two sides to the coin. Cast iron heat exchangers are thicker-walled and, most importantly, less susceptible to corrosion processes, which has a positive effect on their overall service life. However, cast iron heat exchangers are not solid (like steel ones), but consist of a certain number of sections twisted together with steel nipples. Therefore, under excessive local thermal or hydraulic loads, microcracks form in cast iron sections and gradually fail. In addition, cast iron is quite fragile and heat exchangers are often damaged during loading and unloading operations. Now let's look at heat exchangers made of steel. Boilers with steel heat exchangers are much lighter in weight and are not afraid of impacts during transportation and rigging. However, the steel in these boilers is much more susceptible to corrosion, so when using them it is necessary to ensure the correct operating conditions. The main thing is that the temperature in the boiler is not lower than the “dew point” temperature for the exhaust gases, otherwise condensate, which is essentially a weak solution of carbonic acid, will constantly form on the walls of the heat exchanger. To avoid these negative phenomena, it is necessary to maintain a sufficiently high flow temperature, and this leads to more high costs fuel.

When choosing a floor-standing gas boiler, you need to take into account such an aspect as the dependence of its automation on electricity sources. In our country, this issue is quite relevant, even for the Moscow region, and in the regions it is sometimes even more acute. Most Russian boilers (imported analogues) can operate without electricity due to their primitive automation, but such boilers will not be able to solve even 1/3 of the tasks that they can easily perform imported boilers Most of them are energy dependent. What to do in this case? This issue of autonomy can be solved mainly in two ways: by installing an inverter with rechargeable batteries. The inverter converts D.C. battery (12 or 24 V.) alternating current 220 V. It is only necessary to correctly calculate the power of the inverter and the operating time of the batteries. The second way is to purchase a diesel or gasoline electric generator. This method is simpler, but less environmentally friendly.

Now, let's consider the requirements that must be taken into account when installing gas heating boilers in a specially designated room. Below are these basic requirements:

· When placed in a separate room on the ground floor, in the basement or in the basement, it must have access directly to the outside;

· The area of ​​the premises according to the conditions of convenient maintenance, but not less15 m2 ;

· Room height not less than2.5 meters ;

· Natural lighting based on glazing0.03 m2 on 1 m3 premises;

· The room must be provided with ventilation at the rate of: exhaust in the volume of 3 times the room's air exchange per hour, inflow in the volume of the exhaust plus
amount of combustion air; (Minimum opening area for air supply at the rate of 5 cm2 for every 1.16 kW of equipment power, but not
less than 150 cm2, the area of ​​the upper ventilation opening, exhaust, is selected at the rate of 1 dm2 per 17 kW of installed power);

· The room must be separated from adjacent premises by enclosing walls with a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours, and the fire spread limit is
construction is equal to zero;

· It is advisable to provide a second entrance/exit to the room, the door must comply with fire safety type 3;

· Buildings with autonomous water supply and heat supply systems must have grounding loops;

· The gas pipeline entry into the building must pass through an insulating flange;

· The boiler room must be equipped with a sewerage system or a drainage pit with a pump.

As for chimneys, there are two main options for smoke removal for floor-standing gas boilers:

· Classic chimney;

· Coaxial systems.

Bi-fuel boilers (combined: gas/diesel).

Bi-fuel boilers belong to the group of universal boilers, because... can operate on gaseous and diesel fuel, when connecting appropriate fan (mounted) burners. Such boilers, compared to gas boilers with a built-in atmospheric burner, have higher efficiency and thermal power. In connection with this, they have found the widest application in autonomous heating systems not only of private houses, but also of industrial enterprises, warehouses and other utility premises.

For those who plan to use bi-fuel boilers only on diesel fuel (another name for diesel fuel), they receive an additional important advantage. In this case, there is no need to collect a whole package of permits, plus incur significant financial and time costs for all kinds of bureaucratic approvals. However, when installing heating boilers with a liquid-fuel diesel burner, you need to be prepared for the need for large-capacity fuel tanks and the need for regular refueling. To do this, it is necessary to provide access roads for tank trucks to drain fuel. Besides, diesel boilers less environmentally friendly and require more frequent chimney cleaning.

Bi-fuel boilers have another advantage: they can be used on liquefied gas (propane-butane) in situations where there are no gas lines or it is impractical to supply them to the facility.

Solid fuel boilers.

Solid fuel boilers in modern Russian realities are gaining increasing momentum and demand. Their use is not only justified, but often the only one Possible Solution heating issues in those areas where main gas and power lines do not reach, or there are supply interruptions diesel fuel. In such situations, solid fuel boilers of imported or domestic production will be able to take on the role of heat generators, providing residential buildings and industries with heat and hot water.

The main advantage of solid fuel boilers is their unpretentiousness to operating conditions and high efficiency indicators, as well as absolute “omnivorousness” to various types solid fuel. They can work on firewood, wood waste (chips, shavings), any fractions of brown and hard coal, anthracite, coke, peat briquettes and Euro-firewood, as well as when converted to pellets.

All heating boilers use solid fuel due to their diversity circuit diagrams The operation and design features of boilers of this class can be divided into three main groups:

· Traditional (or classic) boilers. These include about 90% of all solid fuel boilers on the market. These boilers are very easy to install, maintain and operate. They have one undeniable advantage - energy independence from any power source. For this reason, they are very popular among owners of country houses and summer cottages. In addition, their design includes a flow temperature thermostat (another name for a draft regulator). Its main function is to monitor the temperature at the boiler outlet and control the angle of the ash door damper, thereby regulating the intensity of the combustion process. This class of boilers includes a large number of foreign and Russian boilers. Here are their main brands - boilers Protherm DLO, Viadrus Hercules, Sime Solida, DON.

· Pyrolysis (gas generator) boilers. Currently, there is literally a boom happening precisely among this class of solid fuel boilers. They have taken leading positions in their market segment and continue to confidently increase their share of the boiler equipment market as a whole. Why did they become so popular? Everything is very simple - these boilers can operate on one load of wood for up to 12 hours, and on coal for up to 15 hours, due to the fact that they burn not only the fuel itself, but also the wood gas released from it. The efficiency of these boilers can reach 90-93%. Among them there are even record holders, for example Stropuva boilers. The models of these heating boilers can operate on one stack of firewood for at least 24 hours, and on coal for 2 days. As an example, we give figures for traditional boilers (they are also called direct combustion boilers). So, the maximum values ​​for the operating time of these boilers are as follows: they work on one stack of firewood for 2-3 hours, and on coal for 5-6 hours. That is why even at industrial enterprises there is now a massive replacement of direct combustion boilers with pyrolysis boilers. However, that's not all. The main reason lies not only in the operating time, but also in the amount of solid fuel burned. If you look at the statistics and calculate the economic benefits of using pyrolysis boilers, you can see that they are 3-4 times more profitable. To all of the above, we add that gas-generator heating boilers almost do not produce soot, and the amount of ash is several times less than that of classical boilers. The only drawback of these boilers is the higher price. The most prominent representatives of this class of boilers are the F.B.R.Zh. all models, Bourgeois-K boilers, Teplov boilers and Stropuva boilers.

· Pellet boilers. These solid fuel boilers are deservedly in great demand in European countries due to their environmental friendliness and comfortable conditions operation due to full automation. By design, they are a boiler unit consisting of a solid fuel boiler, a pellet burner, an auger for feeding pellets from the hopper to the burner, and the pellet storage hopper itself. The main convenience when using such boilers is that when purchasing a large-volume bunker, for example800 literssame as conversion kitsWirbel Pellet Set , You can forget about adding fuel for 5-7 days. And you will agree that this is very convenient, especially in cases where you need to be away for several days, and it’s winter outside. In this case, there is no need to worry that the next stack of firewood or coal will soon burn out and the heating system will begin to cool down and move towards defrosting. The most famous models of boilers of this class include - Wirbel Pellet Set (manufactured in Austria).

Universal (multi-fuel) boilers.

The name of this class of heating boilers speaks for itself. They can actually operate on at least 3-4 types of fuel, with appropriate conversion, for almost any known energy carrier: gas, diesel, electricity (model WirbelEKO- EL), solid fuel, including pellets. For their operation, it is necessary to replace only the mounted burners and, in some cases, the automation for the same burners. Boilers with such wide possibilities, are a very practical purchase, because... You will never be left without heat and hot water. Even in the temporary absence of the main fuel, heating can be continued using other energy sources. Today, the most popular multi-fuel boilers include boiler models WirbelmodelsEKO- CKAndEKO -CKB Plus. The boilers have two separate fireboxes: left and right. The left firebox is designed for burning solid fuel. The right firebox is for installing a fan burner (gas, diesel). The control panel (automation) of the boiler turns on/off the mounted burner, depending on whether the furnace is currently running on solid fuel or not. Thus, it can be noted that universal (multi-fuel) boilers are the most practical heat generators among the entire range of boiler equipment.

Electric boilers .

All electric boilers by their design are fairly simple heat generators. Their main components, as a rule, are represented by automation (control unit), electric heating elements and a heat exchanger made of materials with high heat transfer values ​​(most often copper). Such boilers are very simple and reliable in operation. Single-phase and three-phase boiler models are available, with the ability to connect to both 220 and 380 V power supplies.

An important point characteristic of electric boilers is their multi-stage power control. For example, for the Rusnit boiler model 209 M (9 kW), you can set the power in three positions: 36 and 9 kW. Operation in several power modes allows for the most economical use of electricity, depending on the period of the heating season.

Waste oil boilers are automatic gas-tube sealed boilers connected to a chimney, equipped with a block burner using liquid fuel, having a horizontal inversion combustion chamber and a bundle of concentrically located smoke tubes. The boilers are adapted and have been in operation for a long time in various weather conditions in Russian regions.

Exhaust boilers are heat generators with high performance Efficiency (more than 85%) and designed for heating water in space heating systems, as well as for producing hot domestic water, when equipped with a boiler.

· Hot water boilers. These boilers are mainly designed to burn gas and diesel fuel. Also very common are solid fuel boilers that use almost any type of solid fuel (firewood, wood waste, coal, peat). Hot water boilers are widely used in industrial enterprises, housing and communal services, warehouse and logistics complexes, car service centers and other facilities that require powerful equipment for heating systems and the production of hot water for household purposes. Distinctive feature hot water boilers are that they are designed to operate in a basic temperature range of 60 to 95 °C. The most popular models of hot water boilers are: Unical Modal, Unical Ellprex, ICI CALDAIE REX, F.B.R.Zh. KO from 102 to 2500 kW.

· Steam boilers. Their main functional task is the production of dry or saturated steam to support the production and technological processes of enterprises. Widely used in many industries: food, pharmaceutical, woodworking, textile, construction materials, etc. Steam boilers are divided into steam generators low pressure(up to 0.7 bar), medium pressure (up to 5 bar) and high pressure(12 and 15 bar). Boiler steam output range ICICALDAIE And Unical characterized from 50 to 20,000 kg/h. The most popular boilers include steam generators ICICALDAIE models BX, SIXEN And GX.

· Superheated water boilers. Ideal for use in technological installations and heating systems of enterprises where a high temperature regime of the coolant is required from 100 to 150 ° C. These boilers are very high-tech and energy efficient, have high efficiency, as well as a significant service life.

· Boilers using diathermic oil. Among industrial boilers, this group of heat generators is the most exotic. The main feature of boilers is the coolant used. In boilers and heating systems of this type, instead of water, mineral or synthetic oil is used, which has very high heat capacity and heat transfer values. The operating temperature in the boiler and heating system can reach 300 °C. The scope of application of these boilers is mainly industrial and technological, to ensure stable and high-temperature heat supply.

Modern industrial boilers are able to offer consumers effective options solutions to the most complex technical problems, and high performance characteristics and low emissions of harmful substances into the environment make them environmentally friendly, reliable and safe.

With this, we will probably finish the description of the fundamental aspects of the world of boiler equipment, arming you, dear customers, with the knowledge that will serve as a navigator and help you make an informed choice of the necessary and useful models of heating boilers.

The purpose of this article is to review all kinds of boilers, indicating their advantages and disadvantages. Descriptions are not advertising in nature; the brands and models indicated are given as an example and cannot be considered as binding.

Gas boilers and convectors

• A) Wall-mounted boilers
• B) Floor-mounted parapet boilers
• B) Floor-standing gas boilers
• D) Gas convectors
• D) Gas boilers using liquefied gas

The most common in the world are gas boilers. They are presented in the widest range of designs: floor and wall mounted, turbocharged, parapet, single and double circuit. A separate variety - gas heaters- convectors.

A) Wall-mounted boilers

Advantages: small dimensions, ease of placement, the turbocharged version does not require a chimney, everything necessary equipment: pump, gas removal from the coolant, pressure stabilizer already available, built-in automatic system safety, a two-circuit system is simply implemented.

Flaws: small heating area - 200 m2, short service life - on average 7 years, due to the use of steel heat exchangers.

There are three-circuit boilers, a radiator heating circuit, a water heating circuit, and an additional one for heated floors. Allows you to maximize the capabilities of all heating systems.

The cost varies widely depending on the brand, efficiency is 85-92%.

A little about condensing boilers. Although they are different, let’s consider the gas ones, which are the most widely used. We will not consider the principles of condensing boilers - they are widely described. Let's focus on the high efficiency mode of the boiler - low temperature coolant. Realization of high efficiency indicators, real 97%, is possible with a coolant not higher than 50C - ideal condition for heated floors. The rest of the time it is an ordinary boiler.

Advantages: economical fuel consumption, efficiency – up to 97%.

Flaws: a protected chimney is required that allows a lot of condensation to pass through,

condensate disposal is required - up to 15 liters per day, reduced durability due to the increased acidity of the heat exchanger volume.

Adequate cost when implementing an economical mode.

B) Floor-mounted parapet boilers

Advantages: low price, no chimney required, flat design, 30-40 cm from the wall, non-volatile, dual-circuit design possible. An attempt to combine floor-standing and convection boilers.

Disadvantages: the design of the chimney is the main problem with boilers of this type, due to the low pressure of the exhaust gases. Attenuation, frost on the chimney, suction of exhaust gases, increased gas consumption. Heating area – up to 150 m2, steel heat exchanger.

One of the main advantages is low price, efficiency up to 90%.

B) Floor-standing gas boilers

They can be anything - naturally aspirated or turbocharged. Advantages: almost any power for a private home, cast iron heat exchanger with a service life of 25 years. For electrified versions, all the functions of modern boilers are realized.

Flaws: large dimensions and weight.

Adequate price, highly dependent on the brand, efficiency – 85-92%.

D) Gas convectors

Gas convectors are heating device with catalytic, infrared burners, ensuring fuel combustion with minimal gas emissions into the room. Built-in automation shuts off the gas when the permissible concentration of combustion products is exceeded. There are models with gas outlet to the street and a fan for intensive air exchange.

Advantages: there is no heating system - pipes, radiators, well suited for heating industrial, periodically visited premises.

Disadvantages: not used for heating homes permanent residence, premises with many rooms.

The specific heat power is quite expensive, the efficiency is 85-92%.

D) Gas boilers using liquefied gas

We cannot ignore gas boilers running on liquefied gas in the absence of mains gas. It’s hard to call this the right choice; setting up a gas storage facility, pipeline, and transfer pumps is very, very expensive. It makes sense if there is no other fuel, or if you have money for comfortable heating.

Solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel boilers are boilers in which solid fuel is used for combustion: coal, peat, oil shale, firewood. They can be used as the only source of heat or as an additional one. They can be double-circuit, but more often boilers are used to heat water.

Conventionally, solid fuel boilers can be divided into categories:

• A) Classic.
• B) Pyrolysis.
• B) Automatic.
• D) Long burning.

A) In classic boilers combustion products of solid fuel are used to produce heat. They differ in the material of the heat exchanger - cast iron or steel. Cast iron ones are more durable - up to 20 years; it is possible to repair the heat exchanger in the sections of which it consists. But they are afraid of mechanical shocks and temperature changes. For example, adding cold coolant (water) to a heated boiler can destroy a cast iron heat exchanger. Steel heat exchangers can withstand temperature changes and shocks, but are less durable; modern ones last up to 6 years and require complete replacement.

To increase boiler parameters, air is forced into the combustion chamber (not to be confused with gas turbo boilers, where combustion products are removed by a fan). There is a coolant temperature regulator - a bimetallic mechanical damper that regulates the air supply and, as a result, the temperature in the combustion chamber.

Advantages: use of any solid fuel, energy independence (even when the boost is turned off, the boiler works), when installing circulation pumps, efficiency increases.

Disadvantages: frequent loading of fuel (minimum: coal - 5 times, firewood - 8 times), high requirements for the chimney - ( SEE PREVIOUSLY – CHIMNEYS), dirt from fuel, the need for a room for storing fuel, especially for coal that can freeze.

The cost of good wood-burning boilers with cast iron grates is quite high, starting at $1,500, efficiency – 70%.

B) Pyrolysis or gas generator boilers They use pyrolysis products for heat generation - gases released from fuel in the absence of air and high temperature. The fuel used is mainly wood, less often coal.

Advantages: highest efficiency - up to 90%, long work on one tab – up to 10 hours, complete combustion fuel - reduced requirements for the quality of the chimney, high environmental friendliness, no need to frequently clean the ash pan, laying solid, unsplit firewood, easily adjustable.

Disadvantages: high cost, energy dependence, instability of combustion when not fully loaded, demands on dry wood, changes in boiler parameters up to 40% in modes: start of combustion, peak of combustion, end of combustion, high return temperature - at least 60C, cannot be automated, requires a separate room .

B) Automatic boilers– solid fuel boilers with automatic fuel supply, and more often automatic ash removal. For stable combustion, fuel must be homogeneous in composition and size. Coal is used by calibrated sifting. Wood waste is pressed into calibrated granules - pellets. These homogeneous combustion products make it possible not to run to the boiler every couple of hours, adding fuel and removing ash. Superchargers are widely used to increase efficiency and adjust the coolant temperature.

Advantages: high efficiency - up to 85%, long operation limited by the capacity of the automatic feed hopper, fuel homogeneity allows you to fine-tune the combustion process.

Disadvantages: high cost - start from $2000, energy dependence, you need a large separate room for an automatic boiler system, you need a separate fireproof ash receptacle, qualified maintenance is required.

Other problems and advantages are inherent in classic solid fuel boilers.

D) Long-burning boilers- boilers in which fuel burns for a long time, releasing heat. In principle, pyrolysis boilers can also be classified as long-burning boilers. Although the principle is a little different. Currently there are two systems providing long burning. This is the Canadian Buleryan boiler system, and the Baltic Stropuva boiler system.

Buleryan ensures long-lasting combustion through a dosed supply of air, during which the wood smolders rather than burns. The air is heated in heat exchange tubes that go around the horizontal barrel-firebox and transfers heat to the room. According to the instructions in the passport, it should be used in non-residential, temporarily visited premises. Well suited for a summer house and garage. They are quite common and have proven themselves well. The price is reasonable, there is a range of standard sizes for different areas.

Stropuva is a high barrel - up to 3 m, filled with firewood and covered with a movable lid with a chimney. The firewood is ignited and burns economically from top to bottom, heating the coolant along the barrel jacket; to control the temperature, the air supply is automatically regulated. It is not widely used - the price is high, the parameters declared by the manufacturer are questionable, and the settings are difficult. After finishing the fire, you need to cool the combustion space, remove the ash and reload 50 kg of fuel. Ignition and return to heating mode.

Liquid fuel boilers

Liquid fuel boilers use any liquid fuel for combustion, from kerosene to heating oil. Low-quality diesel fuel is most often used.

Advantages: high efficiency - up to 95%, operating time is limited only by the fuel container, easy to set up, easy transition to a gas burner.

Disadvantages: high cost of fuel - up to 5 m3 of diesel fuel is required per season, energy dependence, a separate, insulated room for fuel is required, insulation of the pipeline, pumping facilities, adjustment of nozzles and periodic cleaning of the filter are required. Increased requirements for the chimney in terms of acid resistance and cleanability due to significant soot. The smell of diesel fuel permeates everywhere - you need a room for a boiler room with a separate entrance from the street.

The cost of boilers is average, the burner with a fuel pump is expensive, the efficiency is up to 95%.

Electric boilers

The most convenient boilers to use, which do not require installation permission. Most often installed as an additional heating source.

Advantages: high efficiency - up to 100%, ease of installation and control of the temperature of the heaters in each room, silent, easy automation, no chimneys required, the most environmentally friendly. With the transition to multi-tariff electricity metering, electric heating becomes competitive.

Disadvantages: high cost of heating at a regular tariff (comparable with liquid fuel boilers), energy dependence in the literal sense, the need to supply a power of 7-20 kW with three-phase power to the house, which may not be provided by the electricity supply organization, high demands on water hardness.

The cost of boilers is average, they only fail a heating element, which is easy to replace, efficiency is up to 100%.

Universal boilers

Universal boilers are an echo of the recent past, when they were heated by solid fuel boilers. With the advent of gas and a shortage of gas boilers, a simple gas burner with automation was installed in an existing boiler or stove - and it worked for 40 years. Gas consumption was high, but who paid attention to this before when 5% of the family budget was spent on heating. Currently universal boilers made for two or three types of fuel, combining the design of the combustion chamber for solid fuel and gas or liquid fuel. Often heating elements are built into the boiler, allowing for complete versatility. Switching from one fuel to another involves installing a burner in a special holder, or changing doors with built-in burners.

Advantages: versatility of the types of fuel used in one boiler, no need to install 2-3 boilers to implement alternative heating (often there is simply no space).

Disadvantages: any versatility reduces parameters - reduced efficiency for gas version up to 80%, Additional requirements to the chimney - after solid fuel and liquid fuel heating, soot may settle on the gas burner.

alternative energy

• A) Heat pumps
• B) Solar energy
• B) Wind energy

I would like to warn against the euphoria of advertising brochures promising almost free heat and electricity. Let's objectively evaluate the cost of energy from alternative sources for heating and providing electricity to an average house of 150 m2.

A) Heat pumps, like all low-temperature boilers, make sense only when installing heated floors. The cost of turnkey heat generation starts from $17,000. At current prices for the main fuel - gas, heat pumps are unprofitable. The stated payback period of 10-15 years is questionable due to the high cost of starting, repairs, components, and narrow temperature conditions efficient work systems - 30-40C.

It makes sense to consider a heat pump as an additional source of heat for heated floors, water heating, when implementing it as a hobby. It’s not difficult to make a heat pump yourself, if your hands grow correctly, there are many examples on the internet. The cost of a homemade product is comparable to a set of tires for a car if there is a well on the site. A homemade heat pump will provide your home with free heat; repairing the pump and system will be easy for you.

B) Solar energy, as a source of electricity, makes sense in southern regions having the most sunny days of the year.

1. Photocells, power supply systems based on them consist of components: photocell panels, mounting device, turning after the sun - option, batteries, industrial voltage inverters. The cost of a mid-budget version with 5 kW of installed power will cost $7,000. The peak of consumption must be adjusted to the peak of illumination - noon. It is realistic to use solar photocells during the midday period for household needs: washing, ironing, cooking, heating water and accumulating it.

In the absence of sun, batteries can only realistically provide economical lighting and one refrigerator. Frequent cleaning of photocells from dust and snow is required.

In any case, we do not consider heating the house based on photocells; the maximum cold occurs at night, when there is no sun, batteries are used to heat the road.

We are encouraged by the constant search to reduce the cost of solar cells; there are plans to switch to oligomer technologies, which are effective in our latitudes and cost much less than silicon ones.

2. Using solar energy to heat water is a real way to save money. Even homemade device A black hose in a box under glass will provide your home with warm water most of the year through a heat accumulator. Modern year-round gel water heaters are effective even at the latitude of St. Petersburg, and with the constant increase in energy costs, they are becoming more and more attractive. An average brand water heater for a home costs $500.

IN) Wind energy– a very controversial alternative energy for the home. The number of sunny days per year is greater than windy, the sun is cyclical and predictable. Very often, nearby buildings, trees and terrain folds serve as obstacles to the wind. Installing masts 10-15m high does not save the situation; installing higher ones is financially problematic and spoils relations with neighbors. The constant noise from the fan blades also spoils the relationship.

The cost of a turnkey wind generator is $1,700 per kilowatt. The specified nameplate power is the maximum power produced by the generator at the maximum permissible wind. The actual power will be 30-50% less.

It makes sense to install wind turbines as an additional alternative source electricity, combined with photocells.

Our compatriots have quite widely described on the Internet working home-made structures costing about $300 - a 3 kW generator with blades. Worth repeating as a hobby, guaranteed not to provide electricity to the house.

A little more about the alternative. All Natural resources: water, wind, sun, heat of the subsoil, etc. belong to the state. How much longer statesmen will turn a blind eye to the use of resources is unknown. All over the world they pay extra for the use of renewable resources, but it is difficult to predict what will happen here. They are trying to collect a tax for the use of wells.

conclusions

Summing up the rather long opus, we need to draw conclusions:

1. Mains gas is the cheapest fuel for the foreseeable 10 years.
2. It is better to use coal and firewood as additional fuel.
3. The use of renewable energy sources is not as rosy as the advertising hype. It is necessary to critically evaluate the economic feasibility of newfangled trends. Has the meaning self-made, large-scale assembly of alternative energy equipment.

A little about the requirements of equipment suppliers economical heating. As a rule, the requirements are standard: install our boiler, insulate the house as much as possible, heated floors, etc. Installation of all equipment costs up to $30,000. Calculate, if you put this money on deposit, maybe it will be more profitable? Or insulate cold walls and install an economical burner in an existing boiler.

The seller needs to sell a product, you need an economical and reliable way to heat your home. In remote areas, modern high-tech boilers are difficult to repair if they fail; the house will cool down in 3 days. What if the wires break during 5 days of troubleshooting? And the previously replaced gravity boiler for $200 would continue to work.