Which septic tank is better for a country house with permanent residence. How to choose an autonomous sewer system for a private house - detailed instructions Septic tanks for permanent residence in the house

Septic tank - device local sewerage Location on. There are many varieties of systems and types.

These include simple structures made independently and treatment plants. This article should help you in choosing the best septic tank for a private home.

The main purpose is to collect, settle and purify wastewater. They are used in places where there is no centralized system - in dacha areas, outside the city.

There are several parameters by which this component of the local sewage system is classified:

• by the number of wells;
• by material;
• on constructive solutions.

Based on the number of wells, there are single-chamber, two-chamber and three-chamber wells. The materials used in production are steel, reinforced concrete, and plastic. Based on their design, they are classified into storage tanks, with soil purification, and with deep filtration.

Cumulative

Consists of one chamber or two interconnected wells. The waste that enters the hermetically sealed storage facility is divided into liquid and solid. Organic substances are broken down and the liquid settles. To prevent the chambers from overfilling, they should be pumped out periodically.

This option is considered not the most expensive. They are used in dachas where people live only during the season or on weekends. In this case, you can clean it once a year.

Important: storage systems should be used when there is a small amount of wastewater, for example, in dachas, otherwise the cost of their maintenance will be high.

Concrete rings and plastic containers are used in the construction of the structure.

With soil purification

In a house with permanent residence and the presence of running water, the best option would be to install an overflow structure. In it, the liquid not only settles, but is also further purified.

This type requires pumping less often. It is cleaned with your own hands every two to three years. To increase this period, special bacteria are used. As a result of their activities, the amount of denser waste is significantly reduced.

The only caveat to using this model is the soil type. It cannot be built on an area with clay soil and high groundwater level.

With biological treatment

The decomposition of waste in such a plant occurs in several stages and various methods. First, liquid and solid waste fractions are separated. Then the denser ones settle to the bottom, and bioprocessing of organic matter occurs.

This model is more of a treatment station equipped with a compressor. It is quite expensive, but it neutralizes up to 95% of waste matter. Installed in areas located near a reservoir or with high groundwater level. During operation, it does not emit any odors.

The principle of operation of a septic tank is based on connection to electrical networks. If the power supply is unstable, the station will not be able to operate.

Anaerobic and aerobic

Some types of modern settling tanks use bacteria. During their life, they absorb waste and contribute to the natural purification of wastewater. According to the principle of operation they are:

• aerobic;
• anaerobic.

Aerobic bacteria purify and clarify the liquid by 95-98%. At the exit from the aerobic system, it meets the requirements accepted for process water. This liquid can be used to water the soil or fill a pond.

An anaerobic septic tank requires constant maintenance. Every two months it is necessary to add bioactivator to ensure wastewater treatment at the proper level. The advantages of using this type include the low cost of construction.

How to choose

In parallel with the construction of the house, a sewerage system is also being designed. Previously, they didn’t really care about this, and all the masses simply merged into cesspools.

Later they began to be replaced with septic tanks - containers for collecting wastewater from a residential building. To know which sump to choose, you should study all the factors that influence its location on the site.

Taking into account the type of soil

The type of soil on the site should be taken into account. Some of them are not suitable for use in clay rock, while others are preferable to be installed in sandy soil.

You should follow a few simple rules in your work:

• at location groundwater at a depth of one and a half meters it is difficult to prepare drainage for a three-section sump;
• on sandy soil it is preferable to install a container with biological treatment. The liquid is directly discharged into the sand, where it is absorbed. Filtration drainage is arranged closer to the surface;
• If the surface water is located at a high level, the option with deep biological treatment should be used. It is made heavier using improvised means or fixed.

Clay is an unstable material, which requires additional work in installing a sump. At the end of the frost, the structure of the clay changes, it thaws and pushes the structure out of the soil. Therefore, a septic tank in clay rock is equipped with additional metal fasteners during installation.

For containers used in clayey soils, two filtration fields are installed. To do this, two trenches are brought to the sump. In one there are, and in the other there is a layer of gravel, the height of which is up to 30 cm.

Seasonality and volume calculation

An important point when choosing the type of sump is the period of residence at the dacha or in your home. When installing a minimum set of plumbing fixtures, an inexpensive single-chamber storage option is quite suitable.

Despite its simplicity, it is qualitatively different from a cesspool. Sand or crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the storage tank. Thus, a filtration layer is formed that purifies wastewater with a 50% result.

For longer stays, you should purchase a compact two-chamber version. It consists of sections for settling and infiltration of wastewater. The use of this type of equipment is effective if the volume of drainage masses does not exceed its standard value.

Important: When purchasing a septic tank, carefully consider the choice of its technical characteristics. Particular attention should be paid to the number of residents it is designed for.

If you live permanently and have sufficient funds, it is better to purchase a whole station, consisting of two or three sections. It can be factory-made or constructed independently from reinforced concrete rings.

When constructing it, a single- or double-chamber storage tank and a filter section are combined. The settling tanks are made airtight, and the filtration septic tank has a drainage bottom made of sand and crushed stone. The liquid is pumped out from the storage sections using a vacuum cleaner, and the filter is changed every three years. This multi-chamber sedimentation tank purifies wastewater by 90%.

The volume of the device is calculated based on the average daily rate of sewage per person. This figure is 200 liters. Also, when calculating the capacity of the sump, the number of people living in the house and the possibility of accumulating a three-day supply are taken into account. For example, for a family of three people, the volume is calculated as follows: 200 * 3 people * 3 days - equal to 1800 liters.

If guests arrive, the resulting volume should be increased by two thirds: 1800 * 1.66 - equal to 3000 liters.

The recommended depth of settling tanks is 1.3-5 meters. Using these data, their cubic capacity is determined and the required type is selected. For wastewater volumes up to 1 cubic meter. use a single-chamber version, with a volume of up to 10 cubic meters. choose a two-chamber type if the volume of waste is more than 10 cubic meters. – three-chamber, with a drainage field.

A settling tank with a filtration field combines two or three wells. The drainage zone covers an area underground of at least 30 square meters. The distance from the field to the house is 30 meters.

If the groundwater level is high in the area, it is recommended to install a multi-section septic tank with a biofilter. This model includes four compartments: a settling tank, an anaerobic chamber where large wastes decompose, a separator containing a filter with microorganisms, and an aerobic septic tank with forced ventilation.

The performance of the proposed wastewater treatment plants meets a wide variety of needs. There are also on sale small options to serve a family of one or two people, and entire wastewater treatment complexes to serve a holiday village.

Material for production

Most models of modern multi-chamber devices used in private homes are made from PVC. Often there are products from of stainless steel and fiberglass.

The main advantage of plastic products is their low weight. Their installation does not require the use of special construction equipment. On the other hand, this quality is also a disadvantage, since the container can float or be subject to mechanical impact from the soil. To protect the structure, concreting the walls of the pit and securing the septic tank with belts is used.

The choice of product material determines its service life and operational reliability:

• Reinforced concrete rings used in the construction of settling tanks are not subject to destructive corrosion processes. To install them, you need to use special equipment.
• Metal structures are durable and low cost. But perhaps these are the only advantages. Such types require additional waterproofing work. The inner walls are constantly in contact with the active chemical material, which leads to destruction.
• Fiberglass is a chemically neutral material, durable, lightweight and resistant to temperature changes.

For your information: Fiberglass products are the most practical to use and have a long service life.

For cleaning structures in country houses, factory-made or home-made settling tanks are used.

Options made with your own hands from scrap materials are suitable only for summer cottages with seasonal residence of several people. For a home with permanent residence, it is better to use a purchased installation that guarantees long-term and safe waste disposal.

The use of a two-chamber device allows for primary wastewater treatment and safe disposal of purified water into the soil.

Service

Trouble-free operation of a septic tank requires its maintenance. This work is carried out on our own or with the assistance of specialists.

Simple two-chamber structures, made by hand, are maintained by the home owners themselves. These works include pumping out solid fractions and sludge from the settling chamber, replacing microorganisms to decompose organic matter, and inspecting ventilation and overflow pipes.

The filter layer at the bottom of the leaking chamber should be replaced every three years. This should be done because the bottom becomes silted, which leads to a deterioration in its performance.

By performing these simple operations, you will extend the operation of your local sewage system for several years.

If your home is served by a multi-chamber treatment station, then its disassembly, filter cleaning, and membrane replacement should be carried out by qualified specialists.

Costs for local sewerage installation

The cheapest designs are sedimentation tanks or sewer tanks. If you dig a pit yourself, then the financial costs will only go to purchasing a container for wastewater. approximate price septic tanks with a volume of 1.4 to 5.0 thousand liters - 15.0-62.0 thousand rubles.

When installing a local sewer system, the costs include not only the purchase of sedimentation tanks, but also the purchase of pipes, waterproofing, and the purchase of components for.

The cost, consisting of two or three reinforced concrete settling tanks with waterproofing and a cushion of sand and crushed stone, is about 42.0-47.0 thousand rubles. The price depends on the diameter of the rings, their number, and the choice of water purification method.

Applicable deep installations biological treatment wastewater has a high cost. Arranged in the form of combined blocks, equipped with biofilters. They are made of reinforced concrete, plastic and metal. Price from 80.0 to 345.0 thousand rubles.

Popular models and principles of operation

• two-chamber septic tank with drainage field. It allows you to make drains cleaner and use the services of a sewer cleaner less often. The drainage area occupies up to 30 square meters. areas underground. The distance from the house is at least 30 m;
• multi-section settling tank with biofilter. Used in case permanent residence families of 3–4 people in a country house and with high groundwater levels on the site.

The standard model consists of four sections: the settling tank itself, a chamber for breaking down coarse waste with anaerobic waste, a separator with microorganisms, and an aerobic septic tank that plays the role of a drainage field.

Designs can be found to meet a wide variety of user requirements. These could also be wastewater treatment plants. Rating:

• "Triton". Compact in size three-chamber sump for a summer residence.

Available in models whose volume ranges from 2 to 40 cubic meters. Cleaning of coarse waste is carried out twice a year. The service life, if the rules are followed, is about 50 years.

During installation, the walls of the pit are concreted to securely secure the structure.

For small dachas with seasonal accommodation of one or two people, they use the two-chamber Triton-mini model.

• "Tank". The septic tank is made of high-strength plastic.

The principle of operation is based on the gradual purification of wastewater using sedimentation and the use of biofilters. The main advantages include ease of installation, high level of purification, and low cost. Cleaning is carried out every five years.

• "Topas". It is a volatile model, as it runs on electricity.

The wastewater undergoes purification in several stages: decomposition of large particles, reduction in the degree of their mineralization, mechanical removal components. Allows you to purify wastewater by 98%, which is the best indicator. Purified water is used to water the soil.

In order to choose the right option, you should find out the requirements of its operation and study the conditions of the site. Then compare the characteristics of models offered by different manufacturers.

Useful video

Detailed analysis:

Everything on the shelves:

It’s easy to get confused with the abundance of offers on the septic tank market. Manufacturers respond to growing demand and offer autonomous treatment facilities to suit absolutely any request. How to choose suitable septic tank? You just need to limit your choice to the most famous brands that have already earned a good reputation among users. We decided to help you with this and made a TOP list of autonomous sewers. We chose those septic tanks and stations that are widely represented on the market.

A septic tank is the common name for any suburban sewer system. This is not entirely true. There are septic tanks, and there are biological treatment stations. They're completely different wastewater treatment plants.

How is a septic tank different from a station?

• The first difference is the quality of cleaning. The water coming out of the septic tank is cloudy and has a characteristic odor. Odorless process water, purified to 98%, is discharged from the station.
• The second difference is that the water after the septic tank must be further purified in a filter well or in a filtration field. After cleaning at the station, it is allowed to drain the runoff onto the terrain, for example, into a ditch.
• The third difference follows from the second difference. Septic tanks are not suitable for clay soils and high groundwater levels. In such conditions, soil purification will not work and, therefore, a septic tank cannot be installed. For biological treatment plants this is not a problem.
• And fourth. Septic tanks are most often made of fiberglass or polyethylene, and stations are made of polypropylene. Polyethylene is plastic and dents under soil pressure. Fiberglass septic tanks are very durable, but due to the peculiarities of manufacturing (molding) they can be leaky. Station housings made of polypropylene, as practice shows, are very reliable.

Let's say right away that this rating is subjective. All estimates are based on our own experience in installation and maintenance of septic tanks and stations in different regions Russia (Northwestern Federal District, Central Federal District, Urals) for 8 years. In total, our review includes 17 septic tanks and biotreatment stations that we installed and for which we collected statistics. Let's start the rating with the most problematic septic tank and work our way up to the best.

17. Kolo Vesi Station

In last place is the Kolo Vesi sewerage system. This is a biorefinery station, which is positioned as Finnish, although all production is located in Russia. Kolo Vesi is a type of station in which there is no compressor, and aeration (saturation of wastewater with oxygen) occurs when water is sprayed over the bioload in the neck of the installation.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Kolomaki
• 8 mm
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 1
• Price: very high
• Maintenance: pumping with a vacuum cleaner every 1.5-2 years (but preferably more often, if you live permanently, the smell quickly appears)
• Warranty: 1 year

Why you should buy:

• The body is cylindrical and withstands compression well. There are lugs on the body, so the septic tank is suitable for problematic soils.
• The drain circulates by gravity, so there is no need to worry about clogging the station.
• The wires are connected in the control unit outside the station, and if the station is flooded, the electrics will not be damaged.

Things to consider:

• Aeration when pumping wastewater through a biofilter is considered less effective than compressor aeration. Manufacturers of Kolo Vesi do not work on this drawback (for example, in the Eurolos BIO septic tank there is additional ejector aeration).
• We think that the Kolo Vesi septic tank does not have sufficient volume for deep wastewater treatment. Recently, there have been frequent complaints about this sewage system.
• Sprinkling during installation must be done by DSP. This is a manufacturer's requirement, and it increases the cost of installation.
• Kolo Vesi is one of the most expensive stations, despite its controversial reputation.
• The septic tank is positioned as Finnish, although it is produced in Russia. Finnish technology, which is implemented in a septic tank, is a minus in this case, since European cleaning requirements do not correspond to Russian ones. The prototype for Kolo Vesi was indeed the Finnish Green Rock septic tank, but it is produced to different standards, with lesser requirements for the quality of cleaning.
• Maintenance is claimed to be infrequent and simple, but due to insufficient volume and odor, the station has to be serviced more often.
• This is the only station about which our company receives complaints. They are mainly related to smell.

• For areas with any soil conditions.
• For country houses with a small volume of wastewater, which this septic tank can handle. Experience shows that if a station is selected with a reserve, it does not produce odor. Unless, of course, you open the lid.

Conclusions:

Essentially, Kolo Vesi is a marketing bubble. In terms of the quality of cleaning, this is, at best, a septic tank with a biofilter (except perhaps in a beautiful case). Due to frequent complaints from customers and the very high price of this septic tank, we put it in last place in our rating. We are not dealers of the manufacturer Kolo Vesi, we do not sell or recommend this sewage system to customers.

The treatment technology used in Kolo Vesi has advantages. But I recommend taking a closer look at the Eurolos Bio station (9th place in our ranking of septic tanks). The volume of this treatment plant is larger, there are no complaints about the smell and Eurolos costs almost 2 times less than Kolo Vesi.

16. Septic tank Termite Pro

Polyethylene septic tank from an experienced manufacturer. Like other plastic septic tanks, Termite works well in dry soil with low groundwater level. Wastewater settles and is discharged into a drainage trench, a filtration field or a filter well.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Multplast
• Type: septic tank
• Material: polyethylene low pressure, the body is made using rotomolding
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 1 point
• Price: low
• Emergency alarm: not required, since there is no electrical equipment in the septic tank
• Maintenance: once every 1.5-2 years, order a sewer truck for pumping

Advantages of Termite:

• The body is made using rotomolding, it is one-piece and without seams.
• A bioload is provided, which reduces the leaching of microflora and improves the quality of cleaning.
• The septic tank itself is inexpensive.
• The operation of the septic tank does not stop when there is a power outage; it is non-volatile.

What to consider when choosing:

• The body of the septic tank is in the shape of a parallelepiped, the pressure on it is uneven, the septic tank can be deformed, especially if it is selected incorrectly (for clay and high groundwater level) or the installation technology is violated (sprinkling an unfilled septic tank or pouring an unfilled one).
• Sprinkling is done by DSP and it takes longer and is more expensive than sprinkling with sand.
• After cleaning, the smell remains; additional cleaning in the ground is required. But this is a feature of all septic tanks.
• The manufacturer does not provide a warranty for the septic tank. If a manufacturing defect is discovered, consumer protection law may have to be invoked.

• For owners of plots with dry sandy soil and low groundwater level.
• Those who are looking for budget sewerage, the quality of which can be trusted.

Conclusions:

Cheap septic tank with restrictions on conditions of use (sand, sandy loam, low groundwater level). The body is plastic and does not withstand strong compression by soil. In addition, the lack of warranty is surprising. We give this septic tank the penultimate 16th place.

15. Ergobox station

Biological treatment station from the same manufacturer that produces the Termit septic tank. Essentially, this is a modified Termite Transformer septic tank. It contains a compressor and an aeration element. The water is saturated with oxygen and conditions are created for deep biopurification.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Multplast
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: low-density polyethylene, manufacturing technology – rotational molding.
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 2 points
• Price: below average
• Emergency alarm: not provided, installed at the request of the customer
• Maintenance: 1 time every 1.5-2 years, pumping with a sewer truck
• Warranty: no official warranty

Why you should buy an Ergobox station:

• It is inexpensive compared to other aeration stations. Equipped with cheap Hailea compressors and Gilex pumps (if the drainage is forced)
• Lightweight and easy to install by hand.
• The drain flows from chamber to chamber by gravity, clogging is almost impossible.
• It is made on the basis of a septic tank, but produces deep cleaning and does not require filtration fields or drainage wells.

Things to consider:

• During installation, the station is sprinkled with a cement-sand mixture. Installation is expensive and difficult.
• To pump out the sediment, you need to call a vacuum cleaner. Pumping is done infrequently (once a year), but it costs money.
• The quality of cleaning is not very high.
• There is no warranty for the station.

• If you need the most budget-friendly biotreatment station
• If there is no space on the site for a filtration field or drainage well, or you do not want to maintain these structures in the future (crushed stone silts up and is replaced every few years)
• If there are pets in a country house. Hair getting into this septic tank does not lead to blockages.

Conclusions:

The station is inexpensive, but has poor cleaning performance. The case is plastic and unreliable, so it is sprinkled with DSP, which is an extra expense. Scavenger calls are not cheap. There is no manufacturer's warranty. The Ergobox station is optimal only in cases where the budget is limited and a septic tank cannot be installed due to the conditions on the site. Because of all these shortcomings - only 15th place.

14. BioPurit station

A station with compressor aeration and gravity overflow, like in a septic tank. BioPurit has been produced by the Flotenk plant for many years, it has changed its design more than once, and today the manufacturer continues to improve this septic tank.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Flotenk
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: machine-wound fiberglass
• Price: average
• Hazard alarm: not provided, can be installed as part of additional work
• Maintenance: 1 time every 1.5-2 years with a vacuum cleaner
• Warranty: 1 year

Why you should buy:

• The BioPurita body is made from fiberglass by machine winding. This is an extremely durable material that is not afraid of soil pressure.
• The lugs (protrusions around the bottom of the septic tank) take the pressure of the soil column and provide stability. BioPurit is suitable for areas with high groundwater level.
• The flow of waste from chamber to chamber occurs by gravity, there are no airlifts and there is nothing to clog.
• The volume of the septic tank was reduced by the manufacturer. A model that was previously offered for 5 people is now offered for 8. This does not allow for good cleaning.

Things to consider:

• Internal partitions may be poorly molded, leaks between chambers will occur and cleaning quality will deteriorate.
• The pipes are cut through rubber cuffs. The rubber dries out and leaks are possible over time.
• The compressor compartment is located directly in the station cover, which is not very convenient for maintenance.
• Low quality of components and assembly

• Those who have to install sewerage in clay and high groundwater.
• For those who select a septic tank for a public site (cafe, gas station, construction temporary shed). In such areas, insoluble waste is often dumped into the sewer system, but BioPurit does not become clogged due to gravity overflows.

Conclusions:

BioPurit is a good and inexpensive station. A minimum of electrics, a rigid body, no blockages - all this makes it popular. But small volume, manufacturing defects, cheap compressors and components, and instability of cleaning are the annoying disadvantages of BioPurit. Because of them, we put it only in 14th place in our TOP list.

Availability: yes

RUB 123,900

Availability: yes

71,300 rub.

Availability: yes

RUB 75,960

RUB 84,400

13. Crystal Station

Inexpensive biotreatment station from a Russian manufacturer. It is modeled after the Lithuanian septic tank Tridenis, but compared to it it has important advantages.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Crystal
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: machine-wound fiberglass reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced plastic
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 3 points
• Hazard alarm: not provided, installed additionally
• Price: average
• Maintenance: call a sewer truck for pumping once every 1.5-2 years
• Warranty: 10 years on housing and 1 year on electrical equipment

Why you should buy:

• The crystal has a durable fiberglass body reinforced with carbon fiber.
• The base of the body is conical, which facilitates good fixation of the septic tank in the ground. It is also more convenient to pump out sediment from such a housing.
• The compressor is located under the cover and it is possible to install a pump for forced pumping. This distinguishes Crystal from similar septic tanks, for example, from the Traidenis septic tank (in it the compressor is installed outside, and the installation of a pump for forced pumping is not provided).
• Sprinkling is done with sand, not DSP, it is cheaper.

Things to consider:

• Like other stations without an averaging chamber (EuroBion, Ital Antey), Crystal needs a regular supply of wastewater, and its composition must be stable.
• Crystal maintenance - pumping with a sewer truck once every 1.5-2 years. It is necessary to provide access for the sludge sucker to the septic tank at 20-30 meters. The service is paid and takes time (you need to monitor the work and immediately after pumping, fill the septic tank with water so that it does not float up).

• For country houses with permanent residence and regular flow of wastewater into the septic tank.
• For areas with problematic soils. The fiberglass body is very rigid and durable, it is securely held in the ground due to its conical shape.

Conclusions:

Relatively cheap station in a rigid case. It has an original cone design that simplifies pumping out sediment. Another plus is a very long warranty on the case. Disadvantages - lack of an averaging chamber and a long time to reach the mode. This station is not recommended for temporary residence. Therefore, we put Crystal only in 13th place.

Polyethylene septic tank for simple settling of wastewater. It has been on the market for quite a long time and has a reputation as a reliable budget septic tank for good soils (sand, sandy loam, low groundwater).

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Ecoprom
• Type: septic tank
• Material: low density polyethylene
• Degree of purification: 2 points
• Price: below average.
• Emergency alarm: no, can be supplied at customer's request
• Maintenance: pumping with a sewer truck once every 1.5 years.
• Warranty: 1 year

What is good about the Rostock septic tank?

• It has a cylindrical body with stiffening ribs and is resistant to compression.
• Inclined overflows and a two-section filtration system effectively retain impurities.
• In soil with good filtration, the manufacturer recommends sprinkling the septic tank with sand. This is cheaper than sprinkling with a cement-sand mixture (CPS). An exception is the Rostock septic tank with an elongated neck: it is buried deeper and sprinkled with CPS due to greater soil pressure.
• Decent guarantee. It should be borne in mind that some septic tank manufacturers do not provide warranties at all.
• Special overflow system, high purification rates for suspended solids.

Things to consider:

• The neck is welded to the body. At the moment, the manufacturing company is modifying the septic tank so that the neck is not welded, but solidly cast.
• The septic tank is anchored using a special set of curb stones. This kit is produced by the septic tank manufacturer.
• The Rostock septic tank is relatively expensive in its segment (for example, it is more expensive than the Termit polyethylene septic tank with the same operating principle).
• The wastewater from the septic tank smells. Additional purification into the ground is required, which limits the scope of application. But this is a drawback of all septic tanks.

• If the soil on the site is sand or sandy loam, and the groundwater level is low.
• If you need a relatively cheap, but at the same time reliable sewerage system.

Conclusions:

If a septic tank is suitable for your site, then Rostock is the best option. At the same time, after it, soil purification is required, which increases the cost of installation. Calling a sewer to pump out a septic tank costs money. The filtration field and well, like the septic tank itself, need to be maintained (dig up and change crushed stone). Well-deserved 12th place.

11. Ital Antey station

Ital Antey is an economical septic tank from the Plast-Service company, which also produces Ital BIO septic tanks and other plastic structures.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Plast-Service
• Type: biological treatment station
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 3 points
• Price: below average
• Hazard alarm: no, installed additionally
• Maintenance: pumping with a sewer truck once every 1.5-2 years, calling a service engineer once every few months

Why you should buy:

• The Antey septic tank has a cylindrical body and has lugs. Difficult soil is not an obstacle to installing this sewer system.
• The septic tank is lightweight and compact, can be installed without an excavator, which saves money and preserves the site.
• There is no risk of blockages as the drain overflows by gravity.
• Each model has both gravity and forced outlets. This simplifies the selection, since it is not necessary to initially take into account the characteristics of the soil. The outlet is selected locally.

Things to consider:

• Only 2 models are produced, Antey 3 and Antey 5.
• There is no receiving chamber for averaging wastewater, so the station can take a long time to reach operating mode. It is important that the flow of wastewater be regular and that it does not contain aggressive chemicals.
• The manufacturer does not provide an alarm system. Our company installs it in agreement with the customer, but this is paid for as additional work.
• A sewer truck is called in to pump out the sludge, and a service engineer is needed to service the station (washing, checking electrical equipment). Maintenance costs are rising.
• The station has a collector with taps for setting up aeration. If you lack experience, setting up can be difficult.

• It has an area with clay and high groundwater. Ital Antey is suitable for these conditions.
• He lives outside the city permanently, so the flow of wastewater is more or less stable.
• I am willing to periodically spend money on both a vacuum cleaner and a service engineer.

Conclusions:

Ital Antey is an unpretentious biological treatment station. It is recommended for those who are not suitable for a septic tank and who have budget restrictions. The degree of purification is low for the station. Problems may occur during service maintenance and commissioning. As a result - 11th place.

10. EuroBion Art and Rusin stations

An interesting station from the NEP company, developed and patented by engineer Yuri Bobylev. The design turned out to be extremely successful, which ensured great demand for this sewer system.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: NEP (National Environmental Project)
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: integrally foamed polypropylene 8 mm thick
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 4 points
• Price: average
• Alarm: lamp on the lid and float in the receiving chamber, not included
• Maintenance: pumping out sludge with a service air lift every few months, calling a service engineer once every six months
• Warranty: 3 years for housing and technological equipment (airlifts, aerators), 1 year for electrics

Why you should buy:

• The body is made of foamed polypropylene and equipped with lugs. Suitable even for wetlands.
• The station is reliable, equipped with one compressor and operates in one mode. The electrics will not let you down.
• Thanks to the vertical arrangement of the chambers and gravity overflows, EuroBion does not clog.
• EuroBion has a large salvo discharge, thanks to the proprietary Aerosliv system. It doses the removal of water from the station, which allows not only to increase the volume of volley discharge, but also to reduce the removal of sludge.
• You can pump out sludge without a sewer truck; for this purpose, EuroBion has a standard airlift.

Things to consider:

• This station does not have a receiving chamber for effluent averaging. In the first chamber, aeration and biological treatment begin immediately. Because of this, EuroBion takes a long time to get into operation and for normal operation, waste water must be supplied at a certain frequency.
• When using this station, you need to especially carefully monitor the composition of the wastewater. Do not use chlorine-containing detergents.

• For those who have installed a bathtub in the house and need a septic tank with a large discharge.
• For a private home with year-round use.
• For public areas where insoluble waste enters the septic tank. This septic tank is not afraid of blockages.
• For areas with high groundwater and/or clay.
• For those who want to pump out a septic tank without a sewer truck. EuroBion has a service airlift for this.

Conclusions:

EuroBion is one line higher in our ranking than Ital Antey. The Aerodrain system prevents the removal of sludge during volley discharges. A wide range of models is offered, there are extended modifications. There is also a budget modification of Rusin. A vacuum cleaner is not required for maintenance. At the same time, it is only suitable for permanent residence and is sensitive to the chemical content in wastewater.

Availability: yes

RUB 70,650

Availability: yes

RUB 75,960

RUB 84,400

Availability: yes

77,400 rub.

Availability: yes

RUB 86,670

RUB 96,300

9. Station Eurolos BIO

Durable station made of monolithic polypropylene. It uses a special type of aeration. The pump pumps water into the neck, where it is sprayed over the bioload and saturated with oxygen. This solution makes the septic tank cheap and at the same time quite effective.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Eurolos
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: homogeneous polypropylene.
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 4 points.
• Price: average
• Hazard alarm: not provided, installed additionally
• Maintenance: call a vacuum cleaner once every 1.5-2 years
• Warranty: 3 years for housing, 1 year for electrics

Why you should buy:

• The body is cylindrical, the soil pressure is uniform over the entire area of ​​the body, compression by soil is excluded.
• There are lugs that take the weight of the soil and make the septic tank stable.
• The Eurolos BIO septic tank has a simple and reliable design. It does not have a compressor; the only electrical equipment is a pump with timer control.
• The septic tank is equipped with an ejector. It takes part of the flow passing through the pump and uses it for additional aeration. This improves the quality of cleaning.

Things to consider:

• The degree of purification is lower than in stations with compressor aeration. In Eurolos BIO this problem is partially eliminated with the help of jet aeration (ejector).
• It is important to select the right septic tank in terms of performance so that the system can cope with the volume of wastewater and there is no odor in the area.
• Not very convenient electrical part. We recommend retrofitting the Eurolos BIO septic tank with a remote control unit, like Kolo Vesi.
• The declared salvo discharge is small, but it is not overestimated.

• If the area has high groundwater or clay.
• If you want to install a sewer system and forget about it. To pump out Eurolos BIO, they call a vacuum cleaner once a year, and the rest of the time no maintenance is required.
• If insoluble debris, for example, dog and cat hair, will definitely end up in the sewer.
• If you need an inexpensive and reliable septic tank that will purify the wastewater to the state of industrial water with the possibility of being discharged to the ground.

Conclusions:

Good and inexpensive station. It is designed in the same way as Kolo Vesi, but costs 2 times less, with the same declared performance, the volume is 1.5 times larger and, in addition, it has ejector aeration. We recommend this station for installation, but we only put it in 9th place. The degree of purification is still lower than in stations with a receiving chamber for averaging wastewater and with compressor aeration.

8. Tver station

An original Russian development, it has been produced for more than 20 years and receives many good reviews.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: TD Engineering Equipment
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: homogeneous polypropylene
• The price is high
• Emergency alarm: not provided, installed additionally and connected in a remote electrical box
• Maintenance: call a vacuum cleaner once every 1.5-2 years.
• Warranty: 1 year for housing and equipment

Why you should buy:

• The station has a large volume, can receive a significant salvo discharge and copes well with wastewater treatment.
• The body with a semicircular bottom, made of homogeneous polypropylene 5 mm, has lugs and stiffeners, is adapted to soil pressure and is suitable for high groundwater.
• Tver is a single-mode station with one compressor, reliable and unpretentious.

Things to consider:

• Tver station is expensive. It surpasses in price the most famous aeration stations Unilos Astra, Topas, BioDeka.
• The case thickness is only 5 mm. Stiffening ribs do not fully compensate for this shortcoming.
• Installation is complex and expensive. The compressor is placed in the house or in a utility room and connected to the station by an air pipe. The pump is connected via a shrink sleeve. It is recommended to install an external electrical box to disconnect the wires. Our company offers such a solution.
• Installation alarm is not provided, we install it additionally.
• It is necessary to change crushed limestone and expanded clay. Crushed stone dissolves over time and you need to periodically fill up 1 bag at a time. The silted expanded clay is first pumped out, and only then a new one is poured. Not every sewer specialist undertakes such work.

• Does not plan to service the septic tank frequently.
• He wants to install a sewer system and forget about it.
• It can provide access for a sludge sucker to the septic tank at 20-30 meters.
• There is a non-residential premises on the site for installing a compressor.
• Knows that insoluble waste will end up in the sewer system.

Conclusions:

The station is original in design and relatively expensive. We place it in 8th place in our ranking. Reasons: a compressor in the house, inconvenient electrical connections and thin plastic. These disadvantages do not allow Tver to rise higher, despite the high degree of purification.

7. Station Ital BIO

Large-volume biological treatment station with a rigid body. Excellent for difficult soil. It has a simple design and does not cause problems when used.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Plast-Service
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: homogeneous polypropylene 8 mm thick
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• The price is high
• Hazard alarm: not provided, installed additionally
• Maintenance: calling a vacuum cleaner every one and a half to two years, calling a service engineer once every six months
• Warranty: 5 years for housing and 1 year for equipment

Advantages of Ital BIO:

• The special arrangement of the chambers allows you to maintain the temperature in the aeration tank that is optimal for cleaning.
• There is an additional chamber for anaerobic cleaning, and, as a result, the volume is larger and the quality of cleaning is greater, and there is more volley discharge.
• Cylinder body with lugs. Suitable for clayey, heaving soils and high groundwater levels.
• All models have two outlets, gravity and forced. The drainage method is selected locally, depending on the type of soil and the height of the groundwater.
• All overflows are gravity-fed and do not become clogged.
• Reliable device: single-mode station, with 1 compressor.

What is important to consider:

• The pipes are made in production, so it is important to accurately determine the depth of the pipe connection during measurement.
• An emergency alarm is not provided and is installed optionally at an additional cost.
• Ital BIO is more expensive than top-end septic tanks BioDeka, Topas, Unilos Astra.
• To pump out, you need to call a sewer truck; accordingly, the sewer truck must be 30 meters away from the station.
• To wash airlifts, check equipment and aeration settings, it is better to call a Zagorod service engineer. These are additional expenses.

• For any soil and any groundwater level.
• Those who are willing to pay for both pumping with a sewer truck and for service.

Conclusions:

The station is durable, has a large volume and a salvo release. There are two outlets at once, gravity and forced. These are all advantages. But the station is expensive to maintain - you have to call both a vacuum cleaner and a service engineer from our company. Sewage Ital BIO is quite expensive, but it does not provide, for example, an emergency alarm. We install it additionally, while the system itself, the lamp and the float, are offered free of charge by our company as a bonus with the purchase.

6. Unilos Astra Station

This is a station with a polypropylene body, suitable for any type of soil and groundwater level. The SBM-Group company is a large manufacturer of wastewater treatment plants. Production is located in the Yaroslavl region, in the city of Uglich, and there are warehouses in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg (in the same cities where branches of the Zagorod company are located, we ship septic tanks directly from manufacturers’ warehouses).

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: SBM-group
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: integrally foamed polypropylene 15 mm
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• Price: average
• Alarm: LED lamp on the lid and a float in the first chamber, not included, a gift from our company

Why you should buy:

• The body is made of polypropylene foam, it is durable and has good thermal insulation.
• There is a receiving chamber for effluent averaging.
• No need to call a vacuum cleaner for service. For self-pumping once every 3 months there is a service airlift. For complete maintenance, they call a service engineer, who is easier to communicate with than a vacuum cleaner.

Things to consider:

• The building, like that of the Topas station, is rectangular. Accordingly, the risk of deformation is higher, although if the station is not left empty after pumping, it will not be damaged.
• The body is welded manually (with an extruder) from 4 sheets of polypropylene. The soil presses unevenly and tension occurs on the ribs.
• There are no lugs, although, as in the case of Topas, this is not critical. The filled station is stable in the ground.
• Operating modes are switched via a solenoid valve. It is sensitive to voltage surges, so when installing the station in the house, a stabilizer is installed. This increases the cost of installation, but without it the manufacturing company does not provide a warranty on electrical equipment.
• The drain is pumped by airlifts, and blockages are a common occurrence for Astra.
• There are difficulties with maintenance. The nozzles on the distributor are metal, and in order to remove the hoses, they must first be heated with a hot air gun. In general, you can do the maintenance yourself, but this requires skills and expensive equipment (hair dryer, Karcher).

• For any soil conditions and for any type of residence.
• For situations in which servicing with a sewer truck is impossible or undesirable (there is no access for a sewer truck, you don’t want to waste time and money on it).
• For those who are willing to pay for a voltage stabilizer (about 10 thousand rubles) in order not to have problems with electrical equipment in the future.

Conclusions:

Astra is a workhorse. If it is installed and used correctly, it works very well, cleans the drain efficiently and does not break. But the electrics are still not very reliable; you need a voltage stabilizer, which adds another 2,500 to 10,000 rubles to the price. There are no lugs on the hull, and the airlifts periodically become clogged. All this pushes Astra to 5th place in the ranking.

5. Topas-S station

It differs from the standard Topas in that it has one compressor with a solenoid valve, and not two compressors operating alternately. The electrical circuit is the same as in the Unilos Astra and Volgar stations. But in some respects Topas-S is better.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Topol-Eco
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: integrally foamed polypropylene
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• The price is high
• Alarm: lamp and float switch, not included
• Maintenance: self-pumping of sludge once every 3-4 months, calling a service engineer once every six months
• Warranty: 5 years on body, 2 years on hardware, and 1 year on solenoid valve.

Why is it worth buying Topas-S:

• Housing made of foamed polypropylene with high thermal insulation. Such a housing will not compress during frost heaving of the soil, and the water in the septic tank will not freeze in winter.
• The body, like the standard Topas, is made using a special technology, from two sheets bent and welded to the full thickness. There are no seams on the ribs and therefore higher strength.
• Purified water can be drained onto open ground, without soil purification. The degree of purification in Topas-S reaches 98%.
• Suitable for installation in any soil. There are no lugs on the body, but the station is quite heavy and does not float up unless left empty.
• Maintained independently or by a Zagorod service engineer. There is no need to call a vacuum cleaner.

Things to consider:

• A parallelepiped-shaped housing is more susceptible to compression than a cylindrical one, although operating experience shows that the risk is minimal.
• A voltage stabilizer is optional and not a condition of the warranty, but its installation is recommended.
• The phases are switched using a float sensor. Hair and other insoluble debris may become entangled in it, causing the station to malfunction. It is important to maintain the septic tank and remove garbage on time (at least once every 6 months).
• The septic tank is heavy. To install models for 8-10 users or more, an excavator and a manipulator are rented; installation costs increase. At the same time, access for special equipment is needed; the landscape of the site may suffer.

• For any soil (clayey soil, quicksand, high groundwater level).
• If you prefer to do it yourself or with the help of a service engineer.

Conclusions:

Topas-S has one compressor and two operating modes, just like Astra. But for Topas-S, a voltage stabilizer is not a warranty condition. It turns out that with the same characteristics, Topas-S is more reliable than Astra. To this we must add improved technology for manufacturing the case. We take all this into account and put the Topas-S station in 5th place.

4. Volgar station

The Volgar biological treatment station was designed according to the model of the Topas, BioDeka, and Unilos Astra stations. The station is relatively new, but is already actively selling and receiving feedback from owners. When creating Volgar, the best was taken from other aeration septic tanks, but it also has its own advantages.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Volgar76
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: homogeneous polypropylene
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• Price: average
• Alarm: pulse strobe lamps and float sensor, included
• Maintenance: self-pumping of sludge once every 3-4 months, calling a service engineer once every six months
• Warranty: 3 years for the case, 1 year for the equipment (for electrics - only if a voltage stabilizer is installed)

Pros of Volgar station:

• The cylindrical body is not afraid of compression by soil.
• The station is relatively lightweight and is installed manually, saving money, special equipment does not spoil the landscape of the site.
• The body has lugs, so the station can be installed in high groundwater.
• Emergency alarm with pulsed strobe lamps. It is important that the alarm is already included.
• The instrument compartment can be easily unscrewed for easy maintenance.

Things to keep in mind:

• Volgar is a station with 2 operating modes and 1 compressor. The phases are switched through a solenoid valve, which is sensitive to voltage changes. It is necessary to install a voltage stabilizer, as for the Unilos Astra station.

• If the site has clay, high groundwater or quicksand.
• If you want to save on installation and not overpay for renting special equipment and for sand (more is required when installing with an excavator).
• If the customer does not want to deal with septic tanks and prefers to pump out the septic tank himself or with the help of a service engineer. Also in cases where it is impossible to ensure access of the sewer truck to the septic tank at the required distance (20-30 meters).
• Also, if you need to install the station manually, without special equipment.

Conclusions:

Volgar, like Topas and Astra, is a dual-mode station, but it has a cylindrical body and has lugs. In addition, an alarm system comes with the station. These are xenon strobe lamps with a pulse signal (up to 60 flashes per minute). Such a signal is visible even in winter through the snow. Due to these advantages, Volgar takes 4th place.

And now the top three!

He was one of the first to Russian market and still remains the best-selling. Septic tank Topas is manufactured by Topol-Eco. The company has large production capacities and produces more than 20,000 units of equipment annually. The advantage of the Topol-Eco company is that it makes polypropylene sheets for its septic tanks. Other manufacturers usually purchase the material and cannot control the quality of its manufacture.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Topol-Eco
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: integrally foamed polypropylene 15 mm thick
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• The price is high
• Emergency alarm: a lamp on the lid and a float in the receiving chamber, purchased separately and installed during installation (from the Zagorod alarm company as a gift).
• Maintenance: self-pumping of sludge once every 3-4 months, calling a service engineer once every six months
• Warranty: 5 years on the housing, on technological equipment (aeration elements, airlifts) and on electrical equipment (compressors, pump in forced models)

Why you should buy:

• The body is made of integrally foamed, three-layer polypropylene. The intermediate layer is porous and retains heat well.
• In the manufacture of the body, 2 sheets of polypropylene are used, which are bent and welded on a machine to the full thickness. This is more reliable than manually welding a body from several sheets of polypropylene.
• The wastewater is purified to 98% according to BOD5 (an indicator of organic matter content at the exit from the station) and discharged onto the ground without additional treatment.

Things to consider:

• The body has the shape of a parallelepiped, so the soil pressure on it is distributed unevenly. There is a higher probability of deformation under strong pressure from the outside (soil) or from the inside (water).
• Topas does not have lugs, which, theoretically, reduces its stability. In fact, a filled septic tank is quite heavy and, when used correctly, is stable in the ground.
• Topas is a heavy septic tank. Models from 8 and above are already mounted using an excavator and a manipulator.

• For dachas and country houses, regardless of the type of soil and groundwater level on the site.
• For any mode of residence - all year round, seasonally or intermittently.

Conclusions:

Topas is a time-tested biotreatment station, with a reliable design, with a chamber for effluent averaging. We definitely recommend this station. The disadvantages include 2 operating modes, lack of lugs, and relatively high cost. These are not critical shortcomings, but stations such as BioDeka and Genesis do not have them. Therefore, Topas only has 3rd place.

2. BioDeca Station

One of the most popular and, of course, one of the most reliable bioremediation stations. The manufacturer tried to make the station as simple as possible, but at the same time durable and effective. Wastewater is 98% purified and discharged directly into the ditch.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Deca
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: integrally foamed polypropylene with a thickness of 8 mm (models for 3 and 5 people) to 10 mm (models for 8 people and above)
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• Price: average
• Alarm: lamp and float level sensor, already included.
• Maintenance: self-pumping of sludge once every 3-4 months, calling a service engineer once every 6 months
• Warranty: 5 years for the body and all equipment (subject to timely maintenance)

Advantages of BioDeca:

• Cylinder-shaped body, resistant to heavy loads.
• The body has lugs for greater stability. They make the station suitable for installation in high groundwater.
• A filter for coarse fractions with holes at the top and blowing from bottom to top, the station is well protected from blockages.
• One compressor and one operating mode: a simple and reliable solution, no voltage stabilizer required.
• The station comes with a special kit that allows you to quickly convert the station from gravity to forced. This is very convenient if conditions on the site have changed (groundwater has risen, neighbors have filled up the ditch and made gravity drainage impossible).
• The company provides an extended 5-year warranty on the housing, electrical and technological equipment when serviced by an authorized dealer (the Zagorod company).

Things to consider:

• ·Due to the cylindrical body, the volume of the BioDeca is smaller than that of stations with a rectangular body (for example, than that of the Unilos Astra station). This is not critical, but if the estimated volume of waste is large, this nuance should be kept in mind.
• BioDeck has one operating mode, the compressor distributes air to all airlifts, which means that it is more powerful (consumes more electricity) and noisier than a compressor, for example, in Astra, in which air is supplied in two modes and the compressor performance may be less . This is important if you are saving energy and, moreover, do not want to hear the sewer system running all the time.

• For waterlogged and/or clayey soils.
• For any type of accommodation (permanent, seasonal or visiting).
• If you are not sure that the conditions on the site will not change and you will not have to redo the allotment.

Conclusions:

BioDeka and Topas are the most famous and popular septic tanks. But we put BioDeca one line above Topas? Why? Firstly, BioDeka has a better body design; it is cylindrical and has lugs. Secondly, BioDeck has one mode, which increases reliability. And thirdly, BioDeca, despite all its advantages, is simply cheaper.

1. Genesis Station

Genesis is the most modern aeration station. It incorporates the best of other biorefinery stations and at the same time has features that its competitors do not have.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Deca
• Type: biological treatment station
• Material: integrally foamed polypropylene 10 mm
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• Price: very high
• Emergency alarm: GSM module with SIM card, included.
• Maintenance: pumping out sludge using a service airlift or calling a service engineer once every 8 months
• Warranty: 5 years on the case and all equipment, same as BioDeca

At Genesis Station:

• The body is reinforced with ring bandages. Wall thickness – 10 mm. This is more than other polypropylene stations. That is, the Genesis septic tank has the most durable body.
• Grousers are provided. They prevent groundwater from pushing the station out.
• There is an additional expansion chamber that receives excess wastewater. Due to this, Genesis has the largest salvo discharge.
• The coarse fraction filter has a special design. It is completely protected from debris.
• There is a narrow inclined overflow between the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank. This is additional protection against clogging.
• An alarm system with a GSM module is installed. A SIM card is inserted into the module and if the station is flooded or there is a power outage, the owner receives an SMS notification.
• The longest warranty on the market - 5 years for the case and all equipment.

Things to consider:

• The Genesis septic tank is one of the most expensive on the market, although its cost is fully compensated by its high level of cleaning and reliability.
• The station is not 100% protected from blockages, despite a special filter for coarse fractions.
• Genesis has a powerful compressor that makes noise. But at a distance of 2-3 meters it is no longer felt.

• To those who have suburban area high groundwater, quicksand or clay.
• For those who live on the site seasonally or on short visits and cannot constantly monitor the sewage system. The station itself notifies the owner about the problem.

conclusions

A long warranty, the most durable housing, one operating mode, protection of the main airlift from clogging - these are the real advantages of the Genesis station. In addition, it also has an alarm system with a GSM module, which allows you to control the station remotely. The only negative is the high cost, but with such advantages it is completely justified. Remember Kolo Vesi station. It costs the same as the Genesis, but is at the other end of the scale.

General results

So, we briefly told you about the top sewage systems, described the advantages and disadvantages, and gave advice on selection. On our website you can learn more about all these devices in the sections Septic tanks and Biological treatment stations. But we recommend that you immediately call our company and order a high-quality septic tank:

• In installments for six months with a down payment of 0% and an overpayment of 0%.
• With an official guarantee from the manufacturer for the equipment (septic tank body, electrical, technological equipment).
• With turnkey installation in 1 working day (7-8 hours). The quality of all installations is controlled.
• With a guarantee for installation work from our organization.

The central office of the Zagorod company is located in St. Petersburg, but we also work for you in Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Pskov and Veliky Novgorod.

71,300 rub.

Availability: yes

RUB 75,960

RUB 84,400

rating of septic tanks for a country house 2018 (TOP -10)

And now the moment has come when the terrain of the site has been planned, the dream house is built from reliable material, there are only a couple of points left to be completed related to convenience and nature... A private country house/dacha for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence - without a connection to the central sewerage system requires proper and competent solution to this issue. Namely, the choice of an autonomous sewerage system or septic tank, which will purify wastewater and preserve the environment. Therefore, the only solution is to install a septic tank, which decomposes sewage and fecal matter into almost clean water and harmless sludge. Is it better to choose a waste tank or a septic tank for a country house? But which is the best septic tank or waste tank? Which is right for me for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence? What does the rating of volatile or non-volatile septic tanks look like? This is probably one of the most difficult issues when building a house. We strive to always get the best in our lives, as this guarantees us peace of mind and reliability. Everyone asked this question when building their dream home, choosing a plot or materials, which of those offered on the market is the most reliable and of the highest quality. I would like to compare to understand the rating. Choose the best septic tank for yourself. Understand which high-quality septic tank has a great guarantee.

History of the septic tank

Long gone are the days when everyone in a private home had a “birdhouse” on the street. The modern standard of comfortable life, even in a country house, presupposes the presence of a normal toilet and, at a minimum, a shower. And in a house there is often more than one bathroom, and in addition there are many household appliances. To ensure the required level of comfort, sewerage for a private home must be done correctly and its basis is the choice of method for processing wastewater. Since the correct selection and subsequent disposal of wastewater will ensure a comfortable stay on the site.

Article about the best /

What will we get from this article? — MAXIMUM for choosing a septic tank/septic tank. We will also pay attention to the definitions, operating principles of various treatment plants, the most popular and effective models. Let's determine how to choose the best septic tank for your home or cottage. And what characteristics need to be taken into account when choosing the best septic tank or VOC for a country house. It is important not to make a mistake in choosing for yourself best solution for sewerage.

Variations of the best septic tank or in 2018

Today is already 2018 and in our modern world There is a lot of competition and it is very difficult for any consumer to make the right choice in favor of reliability, quality and peace of mind. Plunging completely into this very interesting topic, You understand how many there are, variations, materials, pros and cons. Septic tanks, VOCs and storage tanks - will we fully define which is which? Since many people confuse the name septic tank with autonomous sewerage system.

For temporary residence

For permanent residence

DESCRIPTION: Storage tank, or .

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the general definition of what systems there are and what they are intended for. Below is a block of information to understand the principle and operation of wastewater treatment and storage systems. Therefore, the best septic tank for your home and dacha will be your own. We will start with the simplest thing - definitions and explanations of what is what.

A storage tank is a reservoir, from the word (French réserve from the Latin reservare - to preserve), intended for the accumulation of household wastewater from the sewer. The main purpose is the accumulation and storage of sewage, household waste, etc. The purpose of the storage tank, in the case of wastewater collection, is to exclude direct emissions into the environment (ditch, soil, water). This technological solution allows you to preserve the ecological environment on your and neighboring sites. The storage tank does not process or purify wastewater from the sewer system.

• The wastewater comes into a storage tank, from where it is periodically pumped out by a sewage disposal machine.

A septic tank is a complex structure consisting of a reservoir and a system of perforated drainage pipes, designed for treating household wastewater from sewers. As mentioned earlier, this structure consists of two parts:

• The first part of the septic tank is a reservoir, or receiving chamber, into which wastewater from the house flows.
• The second part of the septic tank is a structure (field filtration or soil treatment) made of perforated pipes laid on a layer of crushed stone.

The first part of the septic tank, or the receiving chamber, can be made of a variety of materials, but we will talk about this in the next article. He will also tell you about all the pros and cons of these solutions with a septic tank.

VOC is a local treatment facility designed for mechanical and biological treatment of household wastewater from sewers. This building is a multi-chamber closed system, in which all steps and cycles of wastewater treatment occur. The entire range of activities in the LOS allows us to ensure complete and reliable cleaning with a degree of 98%, which allows the reuse of treated VOC wastewater. It can be washed, used for watering plants, washing a car, or simply thrown into a ditch, storage tank or absorption well. True, it meets these criteria only after the installation reaches operating mode (when the colony of bacteria has multiplied in sufficient quantities). This may take up to 2-3 weeks.

Since everyone has different situations and conditions on the site, first you need to know the following:

• GWL—groundwater level. The GWL is the first underground aquifer from the surface of the earth. It lies above the first water-resistant layer, which does not allow water to pass through and does not allow it to seep deeper). But it is also worth considering that ground water level is a constant phenomenon. First of all, it depends on the time of year. For example, in the spring the snow melts, during which the groundwater level increases, while in the winter it decreases.
• Availability of water protection facilities/zones - a limited regime for carrying out any activity is established on them. Which are aimed at preventing pollution and clogging.
• The area for a septic tank/wastewater is the size of the area that you are willing to give up for organizing wastewater treatment.

IMPORTANT: Bacteria for cleaning wastewater in and

Why are they and why are we writing about them? Bacteria - bacteria are everywhere, but even here you can’t do without them. Let's look in detail at what and how bacteria are formed in a septic tank or VOC for (all-season) permanent residence. It is important to understand not only the external structure, but also the internal processes. Proper work and conditions for bacteria will ensure reliable operation of the VOC and septic tank for permanent residence. They play the most important role in the purification stages. Let's get to know them better...

Anaerobic bacteria for and

The waste enters the septic tank, where a reaction of decomposition and the formation of bacteria occurs. They form and require a minimum concentration of air or an oxygen-free environment. It is recommended to choose septic tanks that are sealed and durable. It is advisable to look at the warranty and production method. The cleaning process using these bacteria is quite slow. It is also called anaerobic treatment or simply wastewater clarification.

As a result, after anaerobic treatment, wastewater is not allowed to be discharged into the ground or ditch, since it is not sufficiently purified and is not industrial water. To dispose of it, a storage tank is used, and in case of additional cleaning, aeration fields are used/arranged.

Aerobic bacteria for

They are formed in the aeration tank chamber. This is a special tank or structure located after the preliminary settling tank in which anaerobic bacteria are formed. Pre-treated wastewater with activated sludge flows or is pumped into the aeration tank chamber, where deep biological treatment occurs. This process occurs due to the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen. For the life and reproduction of aerobic bacteria, a favorable environment is needed - oxygen-enriched water. This process consists of separating natural waste into its components. This type of bacteria is the most effective because it quickly affects biological substances.

• For normal functioning, activated sludge organisms require small amounts of dissolved oxygen. The critical concentration is considered to be 0.2 mg/dm³, and 0.5 mg/dm³ of dissolved oxygen is considered quite satisfactory.
• The maximum percentage of purification for anaerobic bacteria is 60%.
• The maximum percentage of purification with aerobic bacteria is 98%.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE or how it works: , or .

Since the process and principle of operation of the storage tank is already clear, let's take a closer look at how processes and work occur in a septic tank and/or. The wastewater flows through a pipeline or sewer into a septic tank or. The operating principles of all cleaning systems consist of several stages. The partial stage cannot provide the required quality of treatment and is not recommended by law and regulations for disposal into the ground. First of all, let's look at the information about the septic tank...

The septic tank is a “beta” version of a local treatment plant. To begin with, how does the cleaning process take place in a septic tank?

• After the wastewater enters the septic tank (reservoir), primary settling occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen. This stage is necessary to carry out preliminary wastewater treatment. First of all, settling, fermentation and reproduction occur anaerobic bacteria. As a result of the first stage, heavy fractions settle to the bottom, fat floats up and the effluent is clarified. After preliminary settling and all biological processes, the degree of purification is 60%.
• After the first stage, the degree of purification is not sufficient to allow wastewater to be safely discharged into the ground. It is not technical and does not comply with standards and regulations. The water needs additional purification; for this purpose it is necessary to release the settled wastewater to soil additional treatment (field filtration). At this stage, wastewater has the opportunity to form aerobic bacteria, passing through the soil and being cleaned of possible impurities. This event provides cleaning with a degree of 90%.

These cycles consist of several cleaning stages, which is why the container consists of several parts/compartments. Sewage effluent ends up in VOCs, which are mainly composed of 3 parts.

• The first compartment or preliminary settling tank. It uses a mechanical/anaerobic cleaning method. Bacteria arise as a result of sedimentation and fermentation of wastewater in a septic tank and autonomous sewer system. The same is true for the first stage in a septic tank. The flow of wastewater into the second compartment occurs through an airlift system or by gravity.
• Second compartment or aeration tank. It uses a biological/aerobic cleaning method. Aerobic bacteria arise and continue their vital activity as a result of the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen, resulting in the biological decomposition of organic matter. Pumps or compressors are used to produce beneficial microorganisms. The flow of wastewater into the third compartment occurs through an airlift system or by gravity.
• The third compartment or secondary settling tank. Here the last stage of purification occurs - the remaining organic matter turns into sludge and settles to the bottom. Process water comes out of the secondary chamber with a degree of purification of 98%. This water suitable for watering the garden or discharging into the river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.

• Septic tank - purification degree 90%
• VOC - purity 98%

TO WHOM WHAT? how to choose OR OR

Let's take a closer look at the technical features and intended use for consumers. Most likely, after reading this block you will understand exactly what you need for temporary residence and what for (all-season) permanent residence. And the most important thing is that you will choose the best septic tank for your dacha and home, and maybe even a VOC.

A storage tank is an ideal option for a small country house inhabited by 2-3 people, and not in all cases, since they do not recycle wastewater. First of all, this option is suitable for those who plan to live in a house or cottage seasonally: 2-3 months a year (summer). This option is the simplest of all sewerage drainage solutions. Considering the direct purpose of the storage tank, you need to select the most optimal tank volume.

Service

There is only one service for storage tanks and it is quite simple. To carry it out, you need to call a sewage treatment machine and pump out the wastewater from the storage tank when it is completely filled.

First of all, a septic tank for a home with field filtration is used on well-permeable soil. It does not require electricity and is popular for temporary and seasonal residence. If everything is properly organized and taken into account, it is an ideal option for country houses(all-season) permanent residence. Of course, if it is possible to organize and install a septic tank with soil treatment (filtration field) taking into account laws and regulations. And Low level groundwater is the main factor in the selection of existing options for the disposal of treated wastewater. Minimum groundwater level (min. 1.5 m from drainage pipes).

Filter field

The main visual differences between a storage tank and a septic tank are the additional construction of the second stage of cleaning.
The filtration field is an underground system of drainpipes located on a layer of gravel on which wastewater is treated. The receiver of treated wastewater is the soil. In case of high groundwater levels, a pumping station should be installed and the entire treatment structure should be placed higher and installed in the embankment.

At the moment it is an ideal, practical and correct solution for a home, cottage or cottage for permanent and temporary residence. First of all, installing a deep biological treatment station requires quite a bit of space compared to a septic tank or storage tank. All biological treatment processes take place in one tank; there is no need to organize filtration fields or other technical solutions. All you need to do is discharge the treated wastewater into the ground, ditch or water body.

Degree of purification

VOC is modern building for wastewater treatment with a high degree of purification of 98%. Thanks to all the processes and new technologies, MBBR can be used and is suitable for any area - size and conditions. It is clear that there are situations when it is impossible to organize the release of treated wastewater. Then the filter fields in the bulk are applied. But these are unique cases that make it possible to organize the absorption of treated wastewater into the soil.

Facilities

Manufacturers immediately indicate the number of users in order to perfectly select the los for your needs. But it is necessary to correctly understand the processes inside the station, since some deep biological treatment stations require a constant supply of wastewater. Therefore, everything in the Delfin VOC is implemented by gravity.

For permanent or temporary residence - DIFFERENCES: , or .

All systems are designed to purify wastewater after a home or cottage, but it is necessary to understand not only the positive side, but also the negative, in order to accept correct solution. Below is a table that contains reviews, facts and technical features use of one or another cleaning system. A septic tank for permanent residence, according to its parameters, must fully cope with the expected volumes of runoff, so when purchasing, you must take into account how many people will live in the household. It is also worth noting that for temporary accommodation it is worth paying attention to inexpensive stations that require minimal financial expenses. When it comes to a septic tank for permanent use, we recommend taking a deep cleaning station.

	Concrete septic tank/storage tank	Plastic
	Frame
Possibility of self-production	You can do it yourself	Factory version only	Factory version only.
Equipment tightness	When making it yourself, it is difficult to seal, especially when high level groundwater	The housing is sealed and requires anchoring or special devices. The simple design ensures stable operation of the preliminary cleaning stage. Durable. Environmental Safety.	Sealed housing, does not float (always full). All equipment is manufactured at the factory, so reliability will be higher than that of a self-made design. Durable. Environmental Safety.
	Cleaning of drains
Wastewater treatment options	No	Filtration well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrators. Limited service life of the filtration field. Fragility and high risk of contamination of soil and groundwater - especially important for cesspools and concrete wells	Autonomous sewerage is small in size. It can be placed on absolutely any site and in any conditions. Filter well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrator, drainage ditch.
Degree of wastewater treatment	Degree of purification - 60%.	Degree of purification - 90%. Unpleasant smell coming from storage septic tank, overflow well or filtration field. Penetration of sewage (fecal water) into groundwater, and then often it ends up in water intake wells. The need to use special bacteria for maximum environmental friendliness.	High degree of purification - 98%. Thanks to all treatment technologies, a high degree of purification is achieved, which allows water to be discharged into a ditch or drainage (process water, reuse).
Electricity addiction	No	Energy independence. There are no compressors or pumps in the septic tank design. No electrical connection required. But a permanent stay is required. Necessary for all cleaning processes to take place. Without wastewater, wastewater rotting occurs, which entails unscheduled maintenance of the station.	Energy dependence. This factor is not a disadvantage for all autonomous sewers. Depending on the principle and operating modes of the station, energy dependence can play a key role on the operating cost of the entire station. Since the automation and compressors with pumps operate constantly, the station quickly consumes its service life and the reliability of the station’s components.
Requirement for regular “replenishment”	Doesn't matter	Doesn't matter. Bacteria living in a septic tank do not need daily feeding.	Reacts poorly to uneven flows of wastewater; it is better to use for permanent residence
Salvo release	Handles large volumes perfectly	It copes well with large volumes. If the volume is correctly calculated, the septic tank is not afraid of increased volley discharge of wastewater.	Handles only a certain amount of waste
High groundwater level (GWL)		To ensure pumping of settled wastewater, it is necessary to use a pumping station, which will affect the final cost of the entire station and will become comparable to an autonomous sewerage system.	Can be used when groundwater levels are high. Organization of CNS or additional modifications.
	OPERATION and SERVICE
Service	Regular pumping with a sewage disposal machine (1-3 times a year). Service as the tank is filled. Limited storage capacity. Constant monitoring of wastewater levels.	Regular pumping with a sewage disposal machine (1-3 times a year). Convenient for houses with non-permanent residence. Minimum maintenance and operating costs. Regular calling of sewage trucks (necessary even for TANK-type septic tanks that require constant filling of anaerobic bacteria) for pumping out unprocessed wastewater	Minimum service costs. Periodic maintenance by specialists. Many manufacturers strive to reduce the cost of their products, requiring systematic intervention by the manufacturer's service department. Compressor technical service. Convenient and simple operation, without constant attention.
Smell	Unpleasant odors during service. An excellent breeding ground for bacteria and viruses that are dangerous to health.	Siltation filtration field. Depending on the use and correct design and installation of the entire station system, the need to reinstall the filtration field arises on average after 10-15 years, which entails additional costs.	No smell. All gases exit through ventilation.
	INSTALLATION
Excavation.	Simple installation under the container.	Area by Field Filtration. Complexity of installation and rather large volume earthworks. Since soil purification is required, it is necessary to have additional free area for field filtration. Cumbersome and not everywhere possible installation of primitive septic tank treatment, the need to provide access for a sewage disposal truck.	Easy installation. For autonomous sewerage, it is not necessary to organize field filtration (soil post-treatment), which entails an additional volume of excavation work (without restrictions on area and geological conditions).

RATING: Description of top IMPORTED (Finnish, Polish) and domestic Russian / for permanent residence

This article will provide a general comparison of existing autonomous sewers/VOCs in the Russian Federation. We will try to highlight the most popular autonomous sewers produced in Russia or Europe. Despite the fact that there are many different septic tanks on the market currently, not all of them are of high quality and reliable. When choosing, you also need to take into account not only the characteristics, but also the manufacturer. When comparing home septic tanks with each other, it is impossible to say definitely which one is the best, since each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. But in general you can...

Since there are currently many types of septic tanks on the construction market, which differ not only in types, technical characteristics, but also in prices, it is quite difficult to choose them. Therefore, it is worth clearly analyzing all the nuances and choosing it according to technical characteristics, quality of the cleaning device and parameters, as well as depending on its manufacturer.

Delfin

Since 1993, one of the most popular European manufacturers of professional equipment for the treatment of any wastewater. Joint production with the largest company in Europe for the production of local treatment facilities - SEBICO.

TOPOL ECO

Topas is one of the most recognizable stations in Russia. Production c. It has been produced for a long time and has its own history. Topas is a sealed system for biological treatment of wastewater from the sewer system.

Alta Bio

The Russian manufacturer offers an integrated approach to water treatment. For more than 10 years, it has occupied a leading position in the market.

Tver

The stations are produced relatively recently compared to everyone else. But they have good reviews and design features from their analogues.

UPONOR

Finnish septic tanks and autonomous sewers. Known for their quality and competent design. Like all European septic tanks, they are made to be minimally included in the service of their customers.

UNILOS ASTRA

SBM-Group is the largest Russian manufacturer of UNILOS ® autonomous sewage systems for various types of facilities.

EUROBION

In 2005, the National Ecological Project group of companies was created. Production in Russia of VOCs under the EUROBION and YUBAS trademarks.

TANK

Appearance of VOC and Septic tank

Appearance can sometimes tell a lot in this case too. How the station will feel depends on the ground conditions.

VOC PRO from Delfin

LOS TOPAS from TOPOL ECO

VOC from Alta Bio

VOC Tver

UPONOR

LOS UNILOS ASTRA

VOC EUROBION

TANK

Principle of operation

PROCESS of reliable autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO6

Premium class means no interruptions, no rotting of drains and no unscheduled maintenance

1st Camera

Pre-settler

Processes: Accumulation of wastewater, preliminary treatment and sedimentation of wastewater (sedimentation of the heavy fraction).

2nd Camera

Aerotank + MBBR Technology

Processes: Active purification of wastewater in the water column by aerobic bacteria through forced aeration.

3rd chamber

Secondary settling tank

Processes: Secondary settling of treated wastewater before discharge from the station.

The process of deep biological purification in autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO /VOC occurs by gravity through all 3 chambers (preliminary settling tank, aeration tank, secondary settling tank) without stopping recirculation. This ensures reliable operation in case of power outage VOC. European Reliable Autonomous sewage system PRO continues to work on the principle of a three-chamber septic tank.

• VOC No flooding
• Stable operation of drains
• No unscheduled maintenance

Topas and Principle of operation

is a treatment station built according to a four-chamber design. The transition of purified water from one chamber to another occurs not by gravity, but by airlift, so the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. Stopping the power supply blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant disadvantage that outweighs the very deep treatment of wastewater (almost 98%). The compressor ensures the operation of the septic tank, so the installation requires a connection to the power supply. Therefore, it is worth planning the installation of such a septic tank only where the electricity supply is stable. If the compressor stops, the station will not be able to function.

Receiving chamber

Wastewater enters the receiving chamber. Unlike “classical installations” in Topas, the receiving chamber is equipped with an aerator to mix the drain and saturate it with air oxygen. Aeration in the receiving chamber is turned on when the flow level in it decreases to the operating minimum. Thanks to this, instead of sediment settling and rotting, the flow in the receiving chamber is averaged in composition, and purification processes begin - the decomposition of molecules of organic compounds occurs under the action of enzymes secreted by bacteria. Coarse particle filter Small particles of contaminants mixed in the drain and passed through a filter with cells with a diameter of 10 mm enter the main pump. Large particles of dirt and debris remain in the receiving chamber. The main pump is an airlift, in which the air supplied by the compressor (9) lifts waste water through a pipe and pumps it into the aeration tank reactor. Pumping occurs evenly with low productivity and, unlike other types of pumps, without large expenditures of electricity and voltage surges caused by starting the pump. Float switch To switch operating modes of Topas, a float switch is installed in the receiving chamber. In the first phase, when the receiving chamber is filled with wastewater, the float rises and the first compressor turns on. It supplies compressed air to:

When the drain level in the receiving chamber drops to the operating minimum, the float is lowered and the second compressor is turned on. The air supply switches to:

• aeration of the receiving chamber,
• airlift for pumping sludge from an aeration tank to a settling tank-stabilizer,
• airlift for removing grease film in the secondary settling tank,
• aeration in the secondary settling tank.

Aerotank reactor

The chamber in which the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge microorganisms. Thanks to aeration, the runoff is maintained in suspension and saturated with air oxygen. During the settling phase, the sludge begins to settle to the bottom and the sludge particles combine into flakes. Due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the drain, bacteria begin to use dissolved nitrogen compounds - nitrates - for respiration, reducing them to nitrites and then to molecular nitrogen. Denitrification occurs - the removal of nitrates and nitrites.

Secondary settling tank

A chamber in the shape of a truncated inverted pyramid and located in an aeration tank-reactor. Sludge settles in the settling tank and returns to the aeration tank through an opening at the bottom. Additionally, the mixture of water and sludge flows from the aeration tank-reactor into the secondary settling tank from above, using a recirculation airlift (6). This accelerates the process of sedimentation of sludge and clarification of water. A film of light fractions (fats, oils) is agitated by a bubbler in top layer water and is removed to the aeration tank by an airlift built into the pyramid. Treated wastewater is discharged outside by gravity through an outlet in the installation body or collected in a forced discharge tank with a pump installed in it. Most quickly, dying sludge settles to the bottom of the aeration tank-reactor, which, during the settling phase in the aeration tank, is pumped using an airlift (8) into the sludge stabilizer settling tank (D). This is the smallest chamber in which sludge accumulates and mineralizes. Through the existing hole in the upper part, clarified sludge water flows back into the receiving chamber, thus closing the internal circulation process. A standard airlift pump is installed in the settling tank-stabilizer for pumping out sludge. This pump is turned off and the air supplied to it stirs up the sludge mass, preventing it from settling and compacting at the bottom. As part of self-service, a standard pump is used to pump out sludge; to avoid compaction of sludge in the stabilizer, pumping must be done once a quarter. You can pump out sludge 1-2 times a year (as part of maintenance) with a drainage (sewage) pump for contaminated water.

The principle of operation of the autonomous sewage system Alta Bio

At the heart of every autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is a septic tank, which is designed to purify water from harmful impurities. This is where most organic waste breaks down. Today there is a large number of different autonomous sewers. The Alta Group company offers a more advanced design, which is a system for completely purifying water from waste.

Two stages of water purification in the Alta Bio autonomous sewage system:

The first stage of wastewater treatment involves sedimentation of suspended particles in a three-chamber settling tank. The settling tank (lower part of the Station) consists of 3 separate sections with overflows through which domestic sewage flows. The overflows are located in such a way that wastewater flows at the lowest speed, due to which coarse suspended particles settle to the bottom in each chamber. The volume of the first section is 50%, and the second and third are 25% each of the total volume of the sump. The total volume of the settling tank is designed for two-day wastewater treatment.

Second stage of wastewater treatment

Additional purification in a biofilter. From the third chamber of the settling tank, clarified wastewater is pumped into the top part stations and through a rotating sprayer are evenly sprayed over the entire area of ​​the bioload (biofilter). The filter is a habitat for microorganisms. At the moment of spraying, the wastewater is saturated with oxygen and filtered through the loading material.

Autonomous sewage system for a private house Alta Bio uses electricity in its work. However, even if it is turned off, the station will continue to operate as normal, but as a regular septic tank. And when the power supply is restored, the station will return to operating mode.

Brief description and scope of application of the Alta Bio septic tank

The treatment plant in question is intended for use in private homes or in public places with few visitors. It can be used for arranging sewage systems in dachas, cottages or other types of country buildings. Septic tanks are often installed in country cafes, restaurants or snack bars.

Design and principle of operation of a septic tank Tver

The container is delimited by internal partitions, which form the following chambers:

• septic. This is where the wastewater gets first and foremost, and this is where the main processes of settling insoluble suspensions take place. Over time, some of them enter the soluble phase and are sent to the next stage of purification;
• anaerobic bioreactor. The next chamber along the wastewater route is the aeration tank. An aerator is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank, through which air is supplied from a compressor installed in the house through a pipeline. Fired expanded clay is poured onto the aerator, which does not float up. A biofilm of microorganisms is formed on the expanded clay loading, which, together with activated sludge, absorb and oxidize pollution. In this chamber, the components of the wastewater are mechanically destroyed as they pass through the structural elements of the chamber (brushes) and are partially hydrolyzed due to the activity of anaerobic microorganisms (yeast) - this is where the process takes place waste fermentation;
• aeration tank This chamber contains an aerator, thanks to which the wastewater is saturated with oxygen. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, which are always found in domestic wastewater as natural microflora. The oxygen-saturated liquid is sent for further processing;
• settling tank Before entering the aerobic bioreactor, the wastewater passes through a settling chamber, which retains heavy suspended matter, which has a beneficial effect on subsequent processes of biological decomposition of organic matter;
• aerobic bioreactor. Two processes simultaneously occur in this chamber: aerobic microbes actively multiply and absorb organic inclusions that make up the wastewater, and the limestone located at the bottom of the section gradually dissolves in water and binds with phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, which are highly toxic. In the aerobic bioreactor, just like in the second chamber, a brush load is located. A layer of biofilm on the load collects and oxidizes organic contaminants remaining after deep cleaning. At the bottom of the bioreactor there is a layer of dolomite crushed stone, which gradually dissolves in wastewater, which helps remove phosphates from it due to their binding with calcium and magnesium ions. The final chamber is a tertiary settling tank, where dead biofilm is retained, then the wastewater is discharged by gravity to the discharge point.
• settling tank-stabilizer. In this chamber, the liquid is further clarified by the natural sedimentation of heavier inclusions, and only after this, 95-98% purified water leaves the Tver septic tank. Additionally, this chamber contains floats with chlorine-containing reagents, which are responsible for water disinfection.

The septic tank is light in weight and has fairly thin walls; this cannot be considered a plus or minus. These factors make installation easy, and the thin walls are made of high-quality polypropylene. Under the influence of heavy loads, they may bend, but will not collapse.

FINNISH SEPTIC Uponor

WehoPuts on-site treatment plants are biochemical type treatment plants for use throughout the year as a wastewater treatment system.

Local treatment plant for a country house or cottage WehoPuts 5 and WehoPuts 10 are designed for treating wastewater from one household. The model number indicates the number of people living. For the calculation, a daily water consumption of at least 150 liters per person is used. Both systems are designed for year-round use.

The line of Finnish local treatment facilities (septic tanks) Uponor Bio is represented by products for complete biochemical treatment of household wastewater. Those. After passing through such installations, the liquid can be drained without subsequent soil treatment. The stations are volatile, and their normal functioning requires the use of special floating (precipitating) additives. The operating principle of such stations is as follows:

• The wastewater flows by gravity into the receiving chamber (settlement tank), where the bulk of light and heavy inclusions are retained. There are several settling tanks, which allows you to get rid of obvious contaminants as completely as possible;
• Next, the wastewater enters a technological tank equipped with an aerator, in which the potential of activated sludge is activated (microbiological processes actively occur). Part of the sludge is periodically pumped into the receiving chamber;
• at the next stage, a special reagent is dosed into the wastewater in portions, which promotes the precipitation of fine suspended matter. It is also responsible for binding phosphorus compounds;
• after the entire cleaning cycle, the liquid can be discharged into the ground

Advantages of this system: wastewater is processed in portions, which allows achieving the same quality of cleaning; containers are strong and durable; products are accompanied by all necessary documents, easy to operate. The disadvantages can be considered the overpriced cost of Onor Bio septic tanks (compare, at least, with the cost of Tver or Topas septic tanks), the need to use additional reagents.

VOC Uponor BioClean is one of the innovative solutions from the Finnish manufacturer: compact, durable, easy to use, both in private homes and in summer cottages. Fits all sanitary requirements. It consists of a solid container in which the following processes take place:

• there are leaks in the sump preliminary processes rough wastewater treatment;
• in the next reservoir, the wastewater is aerated, the inclusions are actively processed by aerobic microbes;
• then a flotation reagent is added to the wastewater (the process is the same as in Uponor Bio);
• excess activated sludge is pumped into the receiving chamber;
• treated wastewater is pumped into a well for sampling

Astra Unilos. This is a well-known treatment station for cleaning the sewerage of a cottage, private house or a whole group of houses. Considering the relatively high cost of this model, consumers often save money on purchasing one powerful unit, which is installed for several families. Advantages: reliable operation, high cleaning efficiency. Disadvantages include: relatively slow operation, high price. The septic tank body is divided into four sections: a receiving compartment, an aeration tank, a settling section and a system for discharging purified water into the external environment. The septic tank comes with pumps and ventilation systems that are required to move water from one section to another and to aerate the wastewater.

Receiving chamber or surge tank

Untreated wastewater through the sewer line (1,2) enters the receiving chamber (A) of the installation, where it is prepared - crushed and partially oxidized due to aeration - forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen from the air, which occurs during the operation of an air pump installed in a special compartment (I). compressor. Then, the evenly mixed wastewater is pumped through the coarse fraction filter, which prevents large mechanical and non-degradable contaminants from passing further, and is pumped into the aeration tank chamber (B) by the main pump.

Aerotank

It should be noted that all pumps that pump between chambers in Unilos are made according to the airlift (or mamut pump) principle, where pumping occurs by supplying air into a tube lowered into the pumped liquid. In the aeration tank, the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge - biomass dissolved in water consisting of different types microorganisms that, in the process of vital activity, decompose the substances that make up wastewater. The condition for the formation of activated sludge is the process of aeration in the aeration tank chamber, which occurs in the direct (first) phase of operation.

Secondary settling tank

After the aeration tank, the mixture of purified wastewater and activated sludge enters the next chamber - the secondary settling tank (C), where the sludge settles to the bottom under the influence of gravity, and clarified purified wastewater, which is technically pure water, exits the station (3). A grease film trap (grease trap) is installed between the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank, which removes possible fat accumulations from the secondary settling tank back to the aeration tank for further processing.

Sludge stabilizer

The sludge that has settled to the common bottom of the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank is pumped into the sludge stabilizer (D), where it also settles to the bottom, gradually accumulating until removed. To maintain a high degree of purification, a level sensor (float switch) is installed in the receiving chamber, which regulates the switching of aeration modes in the aeration tank and the receiving chamber depending on the level of wastewater in the latter.

How Eurobion works

The operation of the Eurobion station is based on the biochemical method of wastewater treatment, which consists in the ability of microorganisms, in the presence or temporary absence of dissolved oxygen, to use waste pollutants as food. Below is a technological diagram of the operation of the Eurobion deep biological treatment station.

Receiving aeration tank

The wastewater flows through the supply sewer pipe (1) into the receiving aeration tank (2) in which, with the help of the aeration element “POLIATR” (3) and the operation of the compressor (19), the process of saturating the wastewater with air oxygen occurs - aeration. In the presence of dissolved oxygen, wastewater is mixed with activated sludge - a biomass of microorganisms that process contaminants.

Primary aerobic settling tank

Partially treated wastewater passes through two holes in the intermediate bottom (4) and enters the upper zone of the primary aerobic settling tank (5). This zone is characterized by a high concentration of activated sludge and a minimum level of dissolved oxygen. Under these conditions, intense the process is underway denitrification, which is the destruction of nitric acid salts (nitrates) to molecular nitrogen. Further, as the wastewater moves downward, it enters the aerobic sediment zone, where the processes of self-oxidation and decomposition of difficult-to-process contaminants take place. Part of the activated sludge through the overflow (6) enters the lower part of the secondary settling tank (10).

Secondary settling tank

The sludge settles to the bottom of the secondary settling tank and is returned to the aeration zone by the recirculation pump (9), i.e. to the beginning of the technological chain. The process is repeated until the effect of deep biological cleaning is achieved. The biofilm that is formed during the cleaning process in the secondary settling tank enters the biofilm degasser (14) and, under the action of bubbling, is destroyed in the vertical pipe of the degasser (11). The clarified wastewater enters a tertiary settling tank installed directly in front of the AEROSLIV (12) outlet dispenser, the task of which is to regulate the flow rate of purified wastewater to the outlet of the installation. Treated wastewater up to the level of technically pure water is discharged by gravity through a pipe (13) outside the installation, or enters a storage tank and is pumped out from there drain pump, in case of forced execution of the station.

AU BIOTANK

This series has proven itself as absolutely unpretentious in use and practically maintenance-free station for deep biological wastewater treatment. Does not require additional purification in the ground. The advantages of this system: no additional treatment fields, no complex electronics, no operational problems, quick access to the operating mode, not afraid of temporary power outages, the output is clean, odorless water.

The most modern deep biological treatment station BIOTANK, developed by Triton Plastic, is available in four modifications.

Firstly, the division of septic tanks is based on the shape of the body, vertical And horizontal. The vertical BIOTANK is designed for installation in small areas, because it requires a narrow but deep pit. Accordingly, a horizontal BIOTANK, consisting of universal buildings, which allows you to build a septic tank for any volume and capacity, is installed where there is no limitation on the area of ​​the pit.

Modifications are also provided for each of the two cases with gravity water release, and with forced reset on the terrain using a pump. These series are marked as - MYSELF And ETC.

Modern polymer material is used to make the case. Inside, a polypropylene insert made by injection is used to divide the container into compartments. The tasks of each of the compartments: The first, as in other septic tanks, serves as a receiver and settling tank for separating undissolved impurities. The second compartment is equipped with an aerobic type nitrifier, which has a floating load covered with biofilm. The main cleaning process takes place in this compartment, that is, the processes of oxidation of organic inclusions and ammonia nitrogen. To ensure the chemical reactions take place, air is supplied to the chamber. The next chamber serves as an additional settling tank, in which the medium is separated and the water is freed from residues that formed during the cleaning process. The last compartment is a chamber with a biofilter, which operates on the principle of a separator. Pure water(98% purified) is supplied to the output.

ATTENTION, THERE ARE SUCH AUTONOMOUS SEWERS IN 2018

• Requiring accurate calculation of station performance. There is a risk of a decrease in the degree of purification if there are more or fewer users, but not all autonomous sewers have an accurate calculation.
• When there is a power outage, most stations, due to their design features, lose the ability to continue treatment and the degree of overall wastewater treatment tends to 0%.
• The design of many autonomous sewer systems requires frequent and periodic maintenance, repair and replacement of station components.
• A long break in the use of the station is not allowed if it is not equipped with automatic circulation of wastewater and activated sludge.
• The dimensions of the receiving chambers in some autonomous sewers are not designed for large household waste. Also, a volley discharge (draining the bath and simultaneous use of the entire sewer system) can disrupt the processes in the preliminary settling tank, which will lead to a decrease in the degree of wastewater treatment. The volume does not cope well with large household waste and with volley discharge.
Alta BIO 7Tver 1 - PBiotank 6ASTRA 6Biozone Energy consumption, kW/day0,32 0,90 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,44 1,44 3,00 Experience, years25 20 15 10 6 5 20 14 Warranty, years10 5 3 3 1 3 3 3 Service, 1 year1 2 4 1 1 1 4 2 Work without electricityYesYesNoNoYesNoNoNo Susceptibility to chemicals, garbage, food.NoNoYesYesYesYesYesYes MBBR cleaning technologiesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo Location of the controller insideNoNoYesYesNoYesYesYes Salvo discharge, liters.660 500 250 270 250 250 280 260 Capacity in m3/day1,36 1,1 1,15 1,4 1,0 1,00 1,20 1,50 Recycling process (SNIP)YesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo Weight, kg220 210 200 200 165 130 210 220 Station shapehorizontal rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangular Station operability during short-term power outagesWhen there is a power outage, the station starts operating as a regular storage septic tank, which does not in any way affect general work the system as a wholeWhen there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdownWhen there is a power outage, the station starts operating as a regular storage septic tank, which in no way affects the overall operation of the system as a whole.When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown
• Fully automatic control operation of the station with an alarm system → very low energy consumption
• Simple and quick installation
• Only high-quality raw materials and components from American, Japanese and European manufacturers are the key to high-quality, reliable and safe operation of autonomous sewage systems DELFIN for many years.

Basic parameters when choosing

Since all residential plants are designed and built to treat wastewater, we need the hard facts to make the best possible comparison and provide you with a winner. It won't be that easy, since each station has its own twist. And we’ll tell you how much of a positive effect it has a little later. We compare the parameters and properties of deep biological treatment stations so that you get the result you expect. Facts and logic will be our guides in comparing all autonomous sewers. A high-quality septic tank or waste tank with a great guarantee is the key to quality and your peace of mind.

not susceptible to chemicals, hair and small debris

Oddly enough, there are also stations that have direct restrictions on discharge into an autonomous sewer system. It is clear that the station is not a garbage can, but we will still take into account how these problems were solved. In some they are completely excluded in order to be as comparable as possible with the central sewer system, but in others, unfortunately, due to design limitations, this problem has not been solved. Below is a brief comparison and description of how the problem was solved.

controller location

Stable operation of electrical appliances depends on many factors environment. Ambient temperature, sudden changes, and humidity create a dew point that can be critical. They affect the service life of electrical equipment, worsen their operating conditions, cause accidents, damage and even destruction of the entire installation. The electrical properties of insulating materials, without which no one can do, especially depend on environmental conditions. electrical device. These materials, under the influence of climate and even weather changes, can quickly and significantly change, and under critical circumstances, lose their electrical insulating properties. The influence of adverse environmental factors on electrical equipment must be taken into account when designing, installing and operating electrical installations.

The energy consumption of an autonomous sewage system depends on

• Operating mode
• Power of devices and equipment

guarantee

When purchasing a product or receiving any services, we always want to be sure that we will not be left alone with the purchased product. You need to be careful not to make mistakes in marketing moves, such as a service life of more than 1000 years, when the official warranty is only 1 year. Therefore, in this column we would like to simply rank companies in descending order by the guarantee they can provide to their client. This is necessary: ​​to carry out repairs and replacement of parts free of charge. This parameter guarantees you peace of mind and reliability for many years, during which you can contact the seller in case of malfunction or loss of product quality, such as:

• breaking
• poor quality material
• defective parts, etc.

Regarding autonomous sewerage, some manufacturers offer pumps, 2 compressors, controllers, brushes, etc. Others use the laws of physics and gravity.

When a residential building is built, a sewer system is planned, as a rule, an independent one. Previously, a cesspool was used for all sewage; today, an autonomous septic tank for a private home has become popular. These are innovative designs for wastewater treatment, which are an air- and water-tight vessel, usually divided into several chambers.

In this device, household wastewater is first settled, then special microorganisms process it, and then the wastewater is filtered. A huge selection of bio purifiers poses pressing questions to consumers: which is the best septic tank for a summer residence with periodic rest, and which disposal is more suitable for a permanent home? Should I buy a ready-made unit or make the purifier myself? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

Bioseptic tanks are a local installation, which is a system of an autonomous sewer system for a private house. This treatment plant is installed in those areas where it is impossible to connect to the central sewer system, that is, near country houses of non-permanent residence and country houses.

It is advisable to install a deep cleaning station next to a river or pond.

To choose the best bio septic tank, you need to understand the operating principle of this design, which will help you pay attention to the appropriate parameters when choosing a tank. Therefore, let's look at how this design works:

1. Wastewater flows through sewer pipes into the first chamber, where it settles. Heavy contaminants settle at the bottom, while light fractions and fats remain at the top.
2. Then the wastewater after primary settling enters the second section, in which the process of purification from organic matter continues with the involvement of biobacteria.
3. In the third chamber, the wastewater is finally settled and purified. After this, they descend to the filtration field and fall into the ground, where the liquid is filtered and completely cleared of impurities.

When answering the question of which septic tank to choose for a permanent or temporary home, experts advise paying attention to waste disposal units that are equipped with a deep-cleaning biological filter. Autonomous treatment stations of this type provide complete water purification, eliminating the need to construct filtration fields.

What types of septic tanks are there?

There are many types of local septic tanks that can be used to clean the drains of a private home: from the simplest DIY structures to autonomous installations, which allow you to purify wastewater to almost 100%.

Treatment stations are systematized according to various criteria:

• by the number of wells: one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks;
• by material of manufacture: steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass;
• By design features: volatile and non-volatile.

Bio purifiers are also classified into three types, depending on the set of functions they implement:

1. Cumulative. Such a waste disposal unit consists of one chamber or two interconnected wells. The wastewater in a sealed vessel is separated into liquid and dense fractions, then the organic matter is broken down and the liquid settles. To prevent the tanks from overfilling, waste is pumped out periodically (1-2 times a year). This type of septic tank is suitable for a country house where people relax only on weekends.
2. A settling tank with a soil post-treatment compartment. This purifier is divided into several infiltrators - chambers without a bottom, which act as filtration fields. Inside the aeration areas there is bioactive sludge, which accelerates the rotting of sewage. This type of septic tank is suitable for a residential building for seasonal use, for example, from May to October. Cleaning is necessary once every 2-3 years.
3. Station for deep purification of wastewater. This is a tank with three chambers in which sewage decomposes in stages. First, solids settle, then the liquid with organic suspensions undergoes bioprocessing. The best models of septic tanks of this type are equipped with a compressor. The installation is expensive, but effective. Ideal for a private permanent residence. Pumping will be required no earlier than after 5 years.

In order for a closed sewer system to work more actively, it is recommended to equip an anaerobic septic tank, which involves the colonization of special bacteria in the primary treatment chamber. These microorganisms feed on organic matter and do not require oxygen. This measure will speed up the disinfection and dissolution of waste.

If you remove the ventilation pipe from the post-treatment chamber or connect an air compressor, you will have another aerobic septic tank. To do this, you need to add special microorganisms to it that process organic substances when oxygen is available.

Biological decomposition of sewage by one or another type of microorganisms allows waste to be purified to the state of industrial water.

What to look for when choosing?

To solve the problem of which bio septic tanks are best to choose for a private home, you need to consider the problem from several perspectives:

First, you need to decide whether to make a sump yourself or purchase a ready-made tank. In the first case, the structure is made of brick, concrete rings or tires. However, such a cleaner is only suitable for homes with seasonal or periodic occupancy. For long and safe use, it is better to choose a factory model, even the cheapest one, since the purchased version meets all environmental and sanitary standards.

At the same time, it is not advisable to purchase the most expensive treatment plants, which allow purified water to be discharged directly into a reservoir, for private use, but it is not so expensive for several farms. For individual use, it is better to choose a two-capacity disposal unit. The first compartment collects sewage and performs its primary purification, and the second compartment filters the liquid and releases it into the ground, and not into water bodies.

Secondly, you need to choose the material for making the tank. This criterion affects the service life of the vessel. So, for the manufacture of cleaning stations they use:

1. Reinforced concrete rings. High-quality reinforced concrete rings are not subject to corrosion for a long time and have a large margin of safety, but their installation requires the use of special equipment.
2. Plastic. Reservoirs made from various polymers are lightweight and low in price. However, this design is very unstable, and during installation the vessel must be kept vertical at all times. In addition, plastic is damaged by rodents and frost.
3. Metal. Septic tanks made from this material have the greatest strength, as well as affordable cost. However, metal is easily susceptible to corrosion, so the tank must be waterproofed, both inside and outside. In addition, installation of a metal sump is impossible without special equipment.
4. Fiberglass. The most durable and practical recyclers are made from this material, since they have chemical neutrality, as well as other positive qualities: strength, lightness, resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Thirdly, you need to consider the type of soil on the site. Recommendations for specific conditions:

• for sandy soil, it is better to install a disposal unit with a biological treatment function, as a result of which the water is immediately drained into the sand. It is recommended to place the filtration field higher;
• in clay soil, in addition to bacterial purification, wastewater must overcome the sand filter. Then the purified liquid is poured directly onto the ground;
• in the case of a high line of surface water deposits, the most optimal solution would be a polymer tank with a bio-purification function. In this case, the septic tank must be weighted or securely fixed.

How to choose the volume and size of a drain cleaner?

The capacity of the waste disposal facility is calculated based on the average daily rate of sewage per person (bath or shower, toilet, sink - about 200 liters), the number of people living in the house and a three-day supply. If a family consists of four people, then the required volume of the septic tank is calculated using the following formula:

200*4 people*3 days. = 2400 liters

If in country cottage If guests often stop by, the result obtained is increased by 2/3:

2400*1.66 = 3900 liters.

The optimal depth of the septic tank is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.

Depending on the final result of the required cubic capacity, according to the table, a tank model is selected:

In this case, the depth of groundwater is important. For a single-chamber model, groundwater must be below the bottom of the tank. For a two-chamber version, they must pass 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter). If the groundwater is at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip filtration fields for a three-chamber reservoir, especially on waterproof clay soils.

Tips for choosing a summer house with periodic residence

If household members visit their home on weekends and use a minimum of plumbing equipment, then a multi-section septic tank is not needed. Summer residents, as a rule, prefer low-performance, inexpensive, single-chamber waste heaters. Unlike a cesspool, crushed stone and sand filter layers are poured into such storage tanks, which provide 50% purification.

Experts recommend that it is better to choose a compact two-section mini-septic tank with settling and infiltration chambers. If the volume of drained sewage does not exceed the passport standards, then such a design perfectly performs the functions assigned to it.

Before choosing a small storage septic tank for a country house, you should familiarize yourself with its features:

• mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, which is populated with anaerobic biomaterial;
• after processing organic waste, the water is settled and purified in a well, after which it enters the ground;
• storage septic tanks are made of reinforced polymer, which is resistant to temperature changes;
• compact containers are easy to transport in a regular car, and they will not cause hassle with unloading;
• You can install such a waste disposal alone, but it’s better to do it together.

Recommendations for selection for a home with permanent residence

For the average family that permanently lives in a country house, the best option would be a septic tank with two or three sections, which is a combination of a one- or two-chamber storage tank and a septic tank filter. The first two containers (settlements) are sealed, and the third is without a bottom; a layer of sand and crushed stone is poured into it, which additionally filters the liquid before draining it into the soil.

If the disposal tank is full, it is pumped out by special sewage disposal services; the bio components and filters of the septic tank must be changed every 3-5 years. The multi-chamber settling tank purifies sewage up to 95%.

Which unit should I choose for a home with permanent residence so that the drains are as clean as possible and pumping is done as rarely as possible?

A good option if there is a high groundwater flow limit would be a multi-chamber utilizer with a biofilter. This one is factory. The model, manufactured industrially, consists of 4 sections:

• settling tank;
• anaerobic chamber for decomposition of large waste;
• separator with filter with bacteria;
• aerobic septic tank (analogous to a drainage field).

The best choice would be a septic tank with a drainage field that combines several wells and a filtration zone. Such a complex requires an area of ​​at least 30 m2. At the same time, the minimum distance between the sump tank and the house is also at least 30 m.

Rating of septic tanks for a country house

It is enough to go to a specialized store and see the variety of septic tanks that are offered there, and the consumer will be faced with the problem of choosing the best option. Therefore, we invite you to study the rating of the best non-volatile and non-volatile waste water purifiers, which is compiled in accordance with expert opinion, analysis of sales volume and customer reviews.

TOP 3 non-volatile septic tanks:

Such containers operate without electricity and are suitable, first of all, for country houses with temporary residence.

1. Tank. A simple septic tank that works on the principle of preliminary wastewater treatment by settling, biodecomposition and subsequent distribution of purified water into the ground. This unit is made of durable polymer with stiffening ribs, which contributes to resistance to increased loads in summer and winter. Approximate service life is about 50 years. Periodic cleaning is carried out every 3-4 years and pumping out a third of the tank once a year.
2. Triton. This utilizer is equipped with three chambers that carry out the process of removing fractions from the liquid, as well as anaerobic decomposition of biological material with the subsequent supply of purified waste water to the filtration platform. There are models from 2 to 40 m3. When installing, it requires weighting for reliable fixation. Service life 45-50 years. Requires annual cleaning.
3. BARS-Bio. Optimal choice, both for periodic and permanent residence in a private house with the possibility of creating a filtration field. In such a unit, wastewater passes through three chambers and two biofilters that do not require maintenance. Provides a high degree of sewage purification, which reduces the cost of reconstruction of drainage fields. Service life - more than 50 years. Requires cleaning every 5 years.

TOP 3 volatile septic tanks:

These devices require a constant connection to electricity and oxygen supply to microorganisms, so they are better suited for cottages with permanent residence. These are real deep sewage treatment stations with a high degree of efficiency.

1. Tver. This design provides comprehensive wastewater treatment through a multi-chamber system for receiving and purifying large volumes using various bioadditives and reagents. This septic tank is suitable for installation in any soil, even in peat with an aggressive environment. The durable plastic tank does not corrode, providing a service life of up to 60 years. Cleansing – once every 3-4 years.
2. Leader. A unit of six chambers provides comprehensive wastewater treatment without the use of special bio-activators. Allows you to organize an ecological drain to any place (well, ditch, pond) due to the complete purification of sewage using anaerobic bacteria, polymer fishing line that imitates algae, aeration tanks, activated sludge, and an alkaline environment. Service life 55-60 years. Pumping out - once every 5 years.
3. Ecopan. Another multi-chamber device made of airtight plastic. Available in two versions: for ordinary soils or for high flowing groundwater. The two-layer design of the septic tank prevents the destructive effects of any soil. Completely environmentally friendly, provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. Service life – up to 50 years. Requires cleaning every 3-5 years.

All of the listed models of autonomous septic tanks for private homes have proven themselves worthily in the field of wastewater treatment and have a well-thought-out design with a large margin of safety. Therefore, you just have to choose the required volume.

1. What types of septic tanks are there?
2. Cesspools or storage tanks
3. Settlement tank with soil additional wastewater treatment
4. Deep biological processing of wastewater
5. How to choose a septic tank? Key criteria
6. What types of septic tanks are there based on production materials?
7. What methods of installing a septic tank are there?

To create the necessary level of comfort in a cottage or country house, you will need to connect a water supply system and a sewerage system. The optimal solution for autonomous wastewater collection in such a situation is a septic tank. The owner remains to decide on a suitable option among the variety presented on the market.

What types of septic tanks are there?

Treatment facilities for country houses are usually classified according to three main characteristics:

• Method of operation;
• Materials used;
• Shape, location, and type of installation.

Cesspools or storage tanks

In fact, such a treatment facility is an improved cesspool. By design, it is a sealed tank, the key and only function of which is the accumulation of wastewater from the house. In the chamber, the wastewater is divided into fractions. For example, heavy particles fall to the bottom. In turn, light substances (fats, oils, etc.) gradually accumulate on the surface. The advantage of such septic tanks is ease of installation and simplicity of design. The main disadvantage is the need for regular cleaning using vacuum cleaners.

A cesspool structure is suitable for a facility where the volume of permanent wastewater is small. For example, this is a good option for a summer house where several people live and water consumption is insignificant. The main requirements for such a septic tank are sufficient volume, complete tightness, as well as increased strength of the storage tank. Compliance with these standards will reduce the frequency of cleaning the device and protect the soil from the ingress of waste that accumulates when using sewage.

Settlement tank with soil additional wastewater treatment

Overflow septic tanks are suitable for homes where the daily volume of waste water is small, but people live there and use the water supply on a regular basis. In such treatment structures, in addition to the accumulation of wastewater, it is partially processed and purified. It is necessary to remove accumulations in the septic tanks in question much less frequently (you have to turn to the help of sewer trucks once every few years).

Overflow septic tanks in most cases have two chambers. The first one receives wastewater from the house. This chamber acts as a sump. After separation into fractions, the liquid, which has a low content of solid particles, enters the second chamber, which performs cleaning functions. Here, aerobes are used to process waste, decomposing organic matter. The final level of water purification is approximately 65%. Such purified water can be used for irrigation of the site or it is discharged into natural reservoirs, undergoing additional purification in equipped ground filtration fields. This is a complex of rock layers that have increased water permeability and remove fur-type dirt. filters.

The advantages of overflow septic tanks are:

• ease of maintenance;
• significant interval between cleanings due to reduced residue accumulation;
• recycling of most waste contained in wastewater.

The problem with a septic tank with additional cleaning in the ground is the inability to operate in areas with clay soils with low water permeability. Another obstacle is the increased groundwater level.

Deep biological processing of wastewater

These are full-fledged stations designed for thorough wastewater treatment. They process large volumes and can be installed in large cottages where families of 3-4 people permanently live. Biochemical septic tanks purify water almost 100%. The design of these treatment facilities involves the use of three chambers for:

• separation into fractions of substances contained in wastewater;
• bioremediation using aerobic or anaerobic bacteria;
• disinfection using chemicals.

The advantages of such septic tanks are:

• complete wastewater treatment reaching 99-100%;
• no unpleasant odors during operation;
• there are no restrictions for installation based on soil type, as well as groundwater level;
• minimal installation costs and high commissioning speed, since the stations are sold already equipped;
• the system does not require constant human maintenance;
• replacement of chambers or selection of dry residue should be carried out once every five years due to its insignificant accumulation.

The main disadvantage is the high cost. Please note that if the mode of residence involves a long absence from the house (for example, in winter), then treatment plants with biofilters are not used, since without a constant supply of nutrient medium in the form of waste, the bacteria that process them will die.

How to choose a septic tank? Key criteria

Performance

The volume of processing of wastewater generated in the house is a key technical characteristic of a treatment plant. The size of the drains or volley discharge depends on the number of people who live in the house, as well as the intensity of use of the plumbing. Of course, in a dacha where a couple of people live in the summer, using only a bathroom, the volume of wastewater will be an order of magnitude less than in a huge country house, which is intended for permanent life family, with swimming pool, washing and dishwasher, as well as a number of other equipment that uses water for operation.

In terms of productivity, treatment facilities are selected based on:

• if the daily volume of wastewater is up to 1 m³, then a storage septic tank for one chamber is enough;
• if the daily volume of wastewater is 1-10 m³, then use a two-chamber septic tank with additional soil filtration;
• if the daily volume of waste is more than 10 m³, then you should choose a septic tank with deep biological treatment.

Note! When using a single-chamber storage septic tank, you need to take care of its subsequent cleaning. If the volume of wastewater is large, then sanitation workers will need to be called on a regular basis. In terms of costs, this will be more expensive than using more expensive, but functional two-chamber and three-chamber septic tanks.

It is important to know!Existing sanitary standards provide for the minimum size of chambers in treatment facilities. The septic tank must accommodate the wastewater that forms in the house over the course of three days.

Soil type and groundwater level

The above factor should be taken into account only in the case of using a septic tank with additional cleaning in the filtration fields. At the same time, only soils with an increased coefficient of water permeability can be used for the use of such treatment facilities. At the same time, on heavy clay soils, natural filtration has certain difficulties. In such a situation, it is necessary to remove the required volume of soil, replacing it with a complex of crushed stone and sand. Carrying out these works requires time and money. A septic tank of biological or chemical treatment is more economically profitable in this aspect.

What types of septic tanks are there based on production materials?

Septic tanks are installed directly on site or ready-made options are purchased. The first category consists of treatment facilities, which are made of brick, reinforced concrete or improvised materials.

• A brick septic tank is easy to manufacture and does not require the use of special equipment during the installation process. But the brickwork is not airtight, which can cause wastewater and hot water to leak into the ground. To avoid such problems, pits are sealed with cement mortar and waterproof mastics.
• Reinforced concrete structures make it possible to form septic tanks with sufficient reliability and tightness. Well rings are used for the construction of prefabricated structures. When arranging such a structure, it is fundamentally important to seal the joints between the rings.
• The construction of a wastewater treatment plant from scrap materials is mainly used in dachas. You can find it online detailed instructions for the construction of a septic tank from tires or an overflow installation using plastic barrels. In this case, you only need to worry about sealing the septic tank and ensuring productivity that is enough to serve the residents of the house.

A more expensive and reliable solution is ready-made septic tanks with bodies made of polymers or fiberglass. Such treatment plants have a number of advantages:

• a wide range of performance - from small septic tanks for a two-person cottage to semi-industrial models that process wastewater from a small cottage community;
• complete reliability and tightness;
• provision of ready-to-use equipment, which allows minimizing the installation and startup time of the system;
• Complete with equipment and cleaning products for proper operation.

Note! Treatment plants with bodies made of polymers or fiberglass need protection from floating in the event of groundwater growth, as well as destruction of soil masses under increased pressure or displacement of soil layers. To do this, purchased septic tanks are placed in pre-concrete pits, after which they are anchored - the tanks are attached to the walls, as well as to the bottom of the pit.

What methods of installing a septic tank are there?

Purchased sewage treatment plants and homemade septic tanks are manufactured vertically, as well as horizontal options. Structures of the first type are installed deep into the ground, which leads to a problem, since on heavy soils or high groundwater levels, installation becomes labor-intensive and requires the use of special equipment, as well as special techniques to guarantee reliability and environmental safety. Horizontal septic tanks are most often installed on the surface. To obtain the required productivity, such structures occupy a large area, which, if there is limited or no free space on the site, creates additional difficulties.