Extension to a wooden house: projects, construction technologies, choosing the optimal option. Extension to the house - how to quickly and inexpensively make it from available materials Finishing and insulation of the roof

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An excellent way to increase space is to add an extension to wooden house. Projects of such structures amaze with their diversity and scale. After choosing a suitable project, you need to prepare special materials. An additional extension will be useful when creating a kitchen area or a luxurious terrace. You can build any room yourself, but you need to choose the right type of construction.

Extension option

Extension to a wooden house: designs of structures made from various materials

Some time after construction work, there may be a need to increase the usable area. A wonderful solution could be to create an extension to a wooden house. Projects various structures you can look at the photo.

When choosing the architectural form of a structure, do not forget about creating a single ensemble in style. For such a structure, special documentation and permission are required. Before construction work, it is necessary to study technological features and design options.

It is worth considering the following extension options:

• Simple designs include or dining area. It is used for protection from bad weather and sunlight. Under the canopy you can have picnics and receive guests. A strong foundation is not required for its construction. Pillars are installed as supporting supports, to which the frame and planned wall surfaces are attached.

Such structures are often built from logs, beams, foam blocks, and also bricks. Frame technologies are often used.

Expert's point of view

Dmitry Kholodok

"Option under common roof considered more convenient and profitable. When using superstructures, it is worth calculating the strength of the foundation.”

Related article:

Extension to a frame house: design and installation features

When making an extension to a house from a frame, no significant costs will be required. This is a budget option. The construction is made on a frame base, which consists of beams or slats made of metal. After installing the frame structure, the walls are faced on both sides. In this case, OSB or chipboard boards are used. Thermal insulating material is laid between the plates. This can be polystyrene foam or mineral wool.

In terms of thermal insulation properties, frame structures are not inferior to more solid stone or brick buildings.

Construction work is carried out in several stages:

Expert's point of view

Dmitry Kholodok

Technical director of the repair and construction company "ILASSTROY"

“For a frame structure, a foundation is required. You can use a tape structure with waterproofing.”

Extension to a house made of foam blocks: photos of interesting projects

You can build an extension to the house from foam blocks.

This design is in demand due to the following features:

• The material has an affordable price.
• To install the structure, it is not necessary to install a complex and expensive foundation.
• The elements retain heat well. This is possible due to the porous structure and low density.
• Foam blocks are produced overall dimensions, which affects the speed of construction.

Foam block structures require a special foundation. It can be a strip or monolithic base. Mandatory high-quality waterproofing. Construction work begins from one selected corner. After installing two rows. This is necessary to ensure better adhesion of the elements.

Extension to a wooden house made of timber: installation nuances and style features

A beautiful and high-quality extension to a wooden house can be made from timber. Individual projects and photos can be found on the Internet.

The material has the following features:

• The production of timber is carried out using factory technologies.
• The surface is treated with a special compound that protects against fungi and rotting processes.
• Naturalness and high environmental friendliness are considered important advantages of the material.

The extension must be connected to an existing structure. Usually the same foundation is made for the building as for the main building.

A separate foundation and a special wall should be created for the living space. The emptiness and gaps between two walls are blown out polyurethane foam. This will prevent damage to the wall of the building when the new extension settles.

A more economical foundation option is a pile foundation. The walls are erected from profiled timber. After installing the first row, the surface of the wood is treated with antiseptic compounds. Then logs are mounted on it. Voids and cracks are filled with special heat-insulating material.

Each row is secured with wooden dowels. The installation of corner areas requires special attention. To do this, logs with a protrusion and groove are used for a stronger grip.

For your information! Reinforcement is used to connect the two foundations.

Before starting construction, you should take into account some of the nuances of installing an additional structure to the main structure. The length of the new structure should be in harmony with the length of the wall of the main construction site. The width of the additional structure can be any.

The extension does not have to be adjacent to the wall where the entrance to the house is located. Exit to a spacious veranda or kitchen area maybe from the living room. If a bathroom is planned in the additional structure, then the exit can be from or. A suitable location for the structure is the front or end part of the house. The choice and amount of material depends on the type of future structure.

Article

Time passes, and it turns out that the private house no longer satisfies the owners with its size and amenities. A decision is made to expand its area with an extension. How to do this efficiently and without extra costs, we'll tell you in the article.

Save money without harming quality – requirements for premises and materials

Poorly thought out design of an extension will eventually force something to be altered or completed, or added to the country house. In order to avoid getting into such a situation, we think through all the nuances, weigh the advantages and disadvantages of our idea. We start with choosing a location and size.

Each type of additional room has its own specific characteristics in connection with its use, requirements for insulation, waterproofing, and others. If a decision is made to build an additional living room in a country house, then this is tantamount to building a small house. It is necessary to reliably insulate and prevent the appearance of dampness. If you plan to stay in cold weather, you need to think about heating.

Another common type of extension is kitchens and bathrooms. The requirements for them are practically the same. First of all, we think about utilities and install them even before construction begins. It is much more convenient to lay sewer and water pipes before pouring the foundation than to dig underneath it later. Increased attention requires waterproofing flooring. We are thinking about insulation, but if the kitchen is planned for summer, then you can save on this.

The house is being expanded by adding a veranda. The structure is light, serves for summer recreation, protects the entrance from wind, snow and rain. It is carried out in many variants: from the simplest in the form of a boardwalk, low walls with a roof on pillars, to complex with walls, doors, windows. No insulation is required, otherwise it will no longer be a veranda, but waterproofing the foundation is necessary.

The extension to the house must be in harmony with the main structure. If the house has external decoration, then it will not be difficult to repeat it in the attached room. All materials go well with wood, which looks great even without additional finishing. The best option would be a frame structure:

• it is built quickly, literally in a few months;
• does not require a capital foundation because it is lightweight;
• without special knowledge and skills, it can be built with your own hands;
• will cost less.

The foundation for the extension is made on the same level as the foundation of the house. When attaching a structure to a house, we do not do it tightly - over time it will shrink - but leave an expansion joint. In this regard, frame structures that do not shrink vertically compare favorably.

If the structure is attached to the front wall, the roof continues the main roof and is pitched. We choose the slope in such a way that the snow does not linger and the rain flows off. If this is an extension to a side wall, then the roof follows the configuration of the main one. The roofing material is the same as on the roof of the house, if different, it is important that they are combined.

Columnar base - fast, cheap, reliable

For the columnar foundation of an extension to a house, concrete, brick, or a combination of both are used. It is made mainly for a living room or veranda. If used for a kitchen or bathroom, thermal insulation of the input will be required engineering communications to the house. Since the protection concerns an average of half a meter of pipes, such expenses can be incurred, and it will still be cheaper than a strip foundation. The floor is made of boards; for concrete, you will need a lot of backfill material and a fence around the perimeter.

We start by marking the area, the installation locations of the pillars are one and a half meters from each other. A separate hole of 50x50 cm is dug under each pillar, with a depth greater than freezing of the soil. At the top we expand the pits a little: about 10 cm on each side. We fill the bottom with a 10 cm layer of sand, carefully compact it, then crushed stone or broken brick, which is also compacted.

We lay out the film for waterproofing and bring the ends to the surface. If we plan to build brick pillars, pour a little concrete mortar into each hole for the base and wait for it to set. When planning concrete pillars, we tie reinforcement at the top along the entire height and lower them into the pits. We ensure equal distance between the walls. We place pieces of brick under the bottom to raise the reinforcement by about 4 cm.

We make formwork for the base, inside which we run the film. We pour the concrete in layers, pierce each layer several times with a rod to release air bubbles. It is important not to rush, it is better to wait until it sets, then continue pouring. We carefully level the top of the column and wait about two weeks until the concrete hardens. All this time, water heavily and cover with burlap or film.

When the foundation reaches the required strength, the formwork is removed. We heat up the bitumen mastic, apply it to the pillars and immediately glue pieces of roofing felt for waterproofing. There is space left between the pillars, which it is advisable to fill in to insulate the floor. We use ordinary soil mixed with crushed stone or pieces of brick. Fill in layers of 10 cm and tamp. The technology for constructing a strip foundation is practically no different, but unlike a columnar foundation, it is solid.

Getting started - bottom frame and extension floor

So, we settled on the frame option as the fastest and cheapest. In order for wood to serve for a long time, you need to adhere to two rules: make reliable waterproofing and carry out antiseptic treatment. Of course, the wood must be well dried. For waterproofing the most reliable means– bitumen mastic. It is possible to use several layers of roofing material, but it is short-lived.

Then we make the bottom trim. Usually 150x150 mm timber is used, but it is possible to use 150x50 mm boards. We lay them horizontally along the entire perimeter, aligned with the outer edges of the foundation. We do not connect the boards of the first row to each other. We lay the second row on top, overlapping the joints in the first.

In boards laid in this way on the foundation, we make through holes under the studs and connect them. If it is strip, we drill and connect it on the ground, and then lay it down. To get the effect of a single beam, we knock it down with nails in a checkerboard pattern every 20 cm. The result is a binding of the required thickness, which also has additional advantages:

• costs much less than beams;
• It’s very easy to connect with each other, but with bars it’s more difficult.

We attach the bottom frame to the beds from the same 150x50 mm boards, installed on top of the edge along the outer edge. We fasten them together and with the beds with 90 mm nails. Next we install logs made of similar material installed on the edge. The distance between them is 60–80 cm, but it all depends on the size of the frame extension: the longer the logs, the narrower we install them. They are attached to the trim board with nails, 2 on each side.

Now let's start insulating the floor. The cheapest, although not very environmentally friendly option, is tile polystyrene foam with a density of at least 15 kg/m3. Its advantage is that it is the only insulation material that is not afraid of moisture. We nail 50x50 mm bars to the lower edges of the logs, which will hold the polystyrene foam. A thickness of 15 cm is required: we use sheets of 10 and 5 cm. We lay them so that the seams of the bottom and top rows overlap.

The base is ready. We lay the subfloor on top. To prevent it from warping over time, we lay it alternating the direction of the annual rings. We look at the cut: we place one board with an arc up, the other - down. We make the finishing floor from plywood, the joints are staggered. A rough base is not necessary if there are edged tongue-and-groove boards with a thickness of 30 mm or more or 15 mm plywood. We lay it directly along the joists.

Wall installation - two assembly technologies

There are two technologies for assembling frame buildings. The first is called frame-panel, when the entire assembly is carried out on the ground, then the finished structures are installed in place and fastened together. Sometimes the frame is immediately sheathed, which makes it even stronger. Another method involves gradual installation on site. Which one is more convenient - everyone decides for himself. A shield assembled on the ground cannot be lifted alone; assistants will be needed.

We begin the construction of the frame with the corner posts. For them and intermediate posts we use timber 150×150 mm or even 100×100 mm. The distance between the racks is determined by the width of the insulation, which we find out in advance. We position the pillars so that the gap between them is 3 cm narrower than the width of the insulation. This way we will save on waste-free use of material and improve the quality of insulation without leaving gaps.

Fastening can be done simply and reliably using metal corners installed on both sides of the racks and secured with stainless steel screws. Before finally fixing the stand, we carefully check its verticality, this is especially important for the corners. One incorrectly aligned beam will cause the entire extension to bend.

Temporary bevels, which are installed from the inside and serve until attachment, help maintain the correct shape of the frame. external cladding. If the casing is made of hard and durable material like plywood, OSB, GVK, it is capable of independently strengthening the base, which will stand securely after removing the temporary slopes. When soft material is planned for the cladding: siding, lining, then permanent braces cannot be avoided. It is better to install them two at the bottom and at the top of each rack.

At the places where windows and doors are installed, we attach crossbars. We make double racks next to them: they experience increased loads and must be stronger. The final fastening of the frame is carried out by installing the upper trim. In order not to invent anything, it can be similar to the bottom one: a bed made of two boards fastened together and the actual harness made of the same boards installed on the edge. To it, in the same way as the floor joists were attached, we nail the floor beams from 150x50 boards on the edge.

We constantly check the geometry of the entire structure, as well as the correct installation of the racks and crossbars: the racks are strictly vertical, the crossbars are horizontal.

Shed roof - design and technology

The roof of a house with an extension consists of two parts, which should be harmoniously combined into one. If the extension is built on the side, the roof will be a continuation of the main one; all that remains is to repeat its design in order to lengthen it. When an attached building is located along its length, its roof is made of a pitched roof. The slope is ensured by the difference in height of the front and rear pillars. The height of the rear ones should ensure that the roof of the extension goes under the main canopy.

The roof is supported by rafters, which we lay on beams. They are made from thick boards, to ensure fixation, we make special grooves. We cut them out on the ground according to a template so that they are all the same. Then after installation in place there will be no need to align horizontally. We treat the grooves with mastic, install them and fasten them to the walls with brackets and metal corners on studs. If the length exceeds 4 m, we install additional vertical supports.

We lay the sheathing on top of the rafters. Depending on the roofing material, we make it continuous or in increments of 0.3–0.6 m. The need for continuous wooden flooring occurs when a soft material is used; thinner material is used for all other types of roofing. We make fastening depending on the type of roof. We fasten corrugated sheets and metal tiles with special self-tapping screws having sealing washers, and ondulin with nails with a wide head. We provide wave overlap. Don't forget about the final design: wind strips not only protect the roof, but also give it a finished look.

Insulation is a mandatory operation for an extension

They are mainly used for insulation of buildings. mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Mineral wool resists fire and has low thermal conductivity. They are light in weight and have a consumer-friendly release form: rolls, mats. Another popular insulation material is polystyrene foam. Its advantages: it is inexpensive, not afraid of fungus, moisture, rotting. But there are two big drawbacks: rodents love it, and in case of fire it emits toxic gases.

We carry out insulation from the inside in the following sequence:

1. 1. We install the waterproofing, having previously cut the strips required sizes. We fasten with staples using construction stapler, so as to ensure overlap. We sheathe the frame completely, driving in staples every 10 cm.
2. 2. Place insulation between the studs. We ensure a tight fit to the wooden structures, close the seams between the individual elements of the insulating material, overlapping the next layer.
3. 3. We attach the vapor barrier, even if we use polystyrene foam. The fact is that it is necessary to protect not only the insulation, but also the wood. We perform fastening in the same way as waterproofing.
4. 4. We cover the walls from the inside. We use plasterboard over a perfectly flat frame or OSB if there are any unevenness. It is tougher and smoothes out imperfections.

What remains is internal and external finishing, where there is room for the owner’s imagination. A frame extension is built quickly, cheaply, lasts for decades, and can be built with virtually no outside help.

The construction of an extension allows you to significantly expand the area wooden house and make it more solid in appearance. Similar structures are assembled from a variety of materials. This could be, for example, wood, brick or gas blocks. Of course, when constructing an extension, certain technologies must be followed. We’ll talk further about how such structures are assembled correctly.

Drafting

When planning a structure such as an extension to a wooden house, first of all you should decide:

• With material for walls, foundation and roof. A frame block or log structure is usually attached to a wooden building. Sometimes walls are made of brick or gas blocks. It is better to choose the roofing material for the extension that is the same as the roof of the building itself. In any case, you should try to ensure that the colors of the coating sheets are at least in harmony with each other. The foundation for the extension is chosen of the same type as the foundation of the building itself.
• With the dimensions of the structure. The area of ​​the extension should not be more than 2/3 of the area of ​​the house. Otherwise, the building will look awkward and ugly. The house looks most harmonious when the area of ​​the new building is 1/3 of the old one.

The extension of a terrace to a wooden house, a veranda or a closed permanent structure is carried out in such a way that their roof is located just below the main roof. Of course, the angle between these two structures should not be negative. Otherwise, snow and water will accumulate at the junction.

Construction of the foundation

Marking for a structure such as an extension to a wooden house is done in the usual manner - using a level or the “Egyptian” triangle method. The foundation of the extension should be laid at the same depth as the foundation of the building itself. Rigid concrete strips of houses and extensions are usually not connected. Otherwise, when the new structure shrinks, cracks may appear at the joint. However, sometimes the foundation of an extension is still tied to an existing one. If cracks subsequently appear, they are simply covered with cement mortar.

The choice of type of interface depends mainly on the type of soil and wall material. If severe shrinkage is expected, it is better not to tie the foundations. The foundation for the extension is poured in the usual manner: with the device sand cushion, waterproofing and reinforcement.

Frame structures

This is the cheapest type of extension, characterized by good performance characteristics. Such structures are erected in just a few days and do not shrink at all. Even a not very experienced private builder can assemble a very convenient and aesthetic frame extension to a wooden house. The designs of such structures are incredibly diverse. If necessary, using this technology it will not be difficult to build an ordinary summer extension-veranda, an insulated residential structure, a workshop, a kitchen and even a boiler room.

Construction Features

The foundation is pre-conditioned for a month. When erecting under frame walls, it should be filled with anchor bolts in increments of approximately 1.5 meters. The lower harness is attached to them. Its corners are usually connected using the “half-tree” method. A frame extension to a wooden house will be even more reliable if metal rods 40 cm long are poured into the corners of the foundation so that they protrude 20 cm above the surface. In this case, holes are drilled in the appropriate places in the framing beam.

The assembly of the frame begins with the installation of corner posts. Holes are drilled at their ends for the dowel rods. Next, intermediate posts are attached (in increments of 1.5 m). Fixation is usually done on galvanized steel corners. To ensure that the pillars do not deviate from the vertical during the construction process, they should be secured with temporary jibs. At the next stage, begin assembling the upper trim. They also attach it to the corners, and in the corners using the “half-tree” method.

They continue the construction of such a structure as a frame extension to a wooden house by fastening the logs to the timber bottom trim and covering the floor with edged boards. The floor beams are fixed to the top. After this, you can start covering the walls. First, on the room side, a vapor barrier membrane (with blocks) is attached to the frame pillars. Next is executed interior lining. Then insulation is installed between the pillars on the street side (if the extension is for winter). At the final stage, the structure is covered with waterproofing film and sheathed with clapboard, board or siding.

Construction of cobblestone walls

This extension to a wooden house looks beautiful and is durable. It is also not too difficult to erect, but it is more expensive than a frame one.

The lower crown of such an extension is laid on a waterproofed foundation in the same way as tying a frame structure - that is, with fastening to anchors. Logs are fixed to it, and the floor is covered with boards. The walls are assembled in the usual manner. Corners can be connected using the “butt” or “half-tree” methods.

Expansion joint

The timber makes a very reliable extension to a wooden house. Projects may involve the construction of both open verandas and capital heated buildings from this material. However, in any case, one simple rule should be observed: you cannot immediately connect the walls of the extension to the house rigidly. The timber shrinks very strongly after construction. Therefore, an expansion joint should be installed at the junction of the walls. It's very easy to do. On both sides of the extension wall (from the indoors and outdoors) beams 100 x 100 or 50 x 50 mm are nailed to the house itself. All the cracks are filled with something plastic material- for example, mastic or special sealant.

If necessary - no less than two years after construction - an extension to a wooden house or any other, made of timber, can also be attached rigidly. In this case, either staples or special pads with screws are usually used.

Brick construction

Wooden outbuildings are, of course, beautiful structures and are simply ideal for a country residential building. However, many owners of cobblestone and log houses prefer to build more durable and permanent structures made of brick. Such an extension is assembled in the usual way with ligation of the seams, the thickness of which can be 1-1.5 cm.

Of course, you should also not make a rigid connection between the walls of the extension and the house. The brick structure has a very large weight and settles significantly. Therefore, the interface between the walls is simply arranged end-to-end, filling the seam with foam, or in the same way as in the first case between the beams.

Features of roof construction

Thus, the addition of a veranda to a wooden house or a more permanent structure is usually carried out without rigidly fastening the walls. The same rule should be followed when assembling the roof. The roof of the extension can have any shape, but most often a conventional lean-to structure is erected.

At the first stage, the ceiling is hemmed from edged boards or plywood. Next, any vapor or waterproofing material is laid on top of it. Then - insulation. After this, the resulting floor is covered with boards on top.

The rafters are attached on one side to the top frame or mauerlat. In this case, metal corners or “knot” fastening are used with preliminary cutting of the mounting sockets. On the side of the house, you can either simply place a wide beam on the edge, or install it on racks. Waterproofing material (with a slight sag) is stretched onto the rafters and the sheathing is filled. Then the roofing sheets are attached. The joint between the roof of the extension and the wall of the building can be sealed with mastic or foamed.

• The junction between the foundation of the extension and the base of the house, if they are not rigidly fastened, should be laid with a strip of roofing material.
• All wooden elements buildings are pre-treated with an antiseptic against fungus and a composition that increases the fire resistance of the material.
• It is best to build a cobblestone extension in the cold season. In winter, this material shrinks less.
• When assembling an extension of any type, you should use only galvanized fasteners. This will extend the life of the entire structure.

The construction of extensions, as you can see from the article, is a completely simple matter. The most important thing is to comply with everything required technologies. In this case, you will get a reliable, durable and convenient structure.

Without first obtaining permits, adding an extension to a house yourself is an illegal increase in the area of ​​the home. It cannot be legitimized in fact if it violates the interests of neighbors, is built from materials that do not meet SNiP standards, and is located near underground utilities. The optimal solution is registration before the start of work with preliminary design by specialists.

Extension to the house – perfect solution to expand the free space in a country house of any type. It is important that all construction work can be completed independently.

Of course, this will require certain construction skills and knowledge of work technologies, but there is nothing particularly difficult about it. The help of specialists may be required at the design stage of the structure, as well as when connecting communications inside the structure. In addition, certain problems often arise when legitimizing an extension with regulatory authorities.

The attachment can perform a variety of functions.

Most often, an extension is built to form an additional room, summer kitchen, garage, veranda, terrace, canopy, porch. There are a huge number of options - everything will depend on personal requirements and wishes. Of course, building something will be very difficult from a technological point of view, but often all construction is done with one’s own hands.

The main thing here is to correctly construct the foundation, walls, roof, insulate and isolate the room from moisture, and also correctly attach the new foundation to the old one.

Types of extensions for country houses

Before starting any construction work, it is necessary to clearly determine the type of structure, because making an extension to a house is only possible if you have a clear plan and project. There are several of the most common types of extensions in our country:

Canopy

This is the simplest and most cost-effective extension for country house. The main functional task of such a structure is to protect people and things located under the canopy from sunlight, rain and other precipitation. Under such a canopy it will be good to relax in the warm season and have lunch, or you can park your car.

Carport.

An important advantage of installing a canopy is that the construction of a foundation is not required, because the foundation will be support pillars(made of metal, wood, concrete). The canopy frame is attached to these supports.

Summer room

To form a summer room you will need more capital construction than in the case of a canopy. Such rooms are intended for relaxation in the warm season, gatherings, reading books, etc. Naturally, a foundation will be required.

It is recommended to use a columnar or strip base, depending on the type of building material and the dimensions of the room. Boards are usually used to create walls, foam concrete blocks, frame panels. For better lighting, the walls and roof, entirely or partially, can be made of glass.

Summer room.

Such an extension usually has a lean-to or gable roof. It is recommended to use the lightest roofing material. Installation of thermal insulation materials, as a rule, is not carried out, because such premises are not used during the cold season.

Living room

Before adding a room to the house, it is necessary to complete all the required calculations and draw up a project. In this case, a thorough approach will be required, involving the construction of a foundation, capital construction of walls and roofs, installation of waterproofing and thermal insulation materials, and supply of all necessary communications.

Warm living room.

Particular attention is paid to the insulation of the premises, so that one could live here in winter time without spending a lot of energy on heating.

Kitchen

As a rule, extensions are not intended to accommodate a kitchen. Such a structure must be capital, so it needs to be insulated as efficiently as possible.

Kitchen made of wood.

Correctly building such an extension can only be done using quality project, created by professionals, because the kitchen needs all communications: sewerage, water supply, electricity, gas, ventilation system. This, of course, leads to serious financial costs, which not everyone is ready for.

Garage

Using an extension to create a garage is a very common trend in last years. A garage will require the construction of a strip or monolithic foundation, and foam concrete blocks or bricks are usually used to build walls.

Two garages.

The roof, in most cases, is made of profiled sheets or metal tiles, slate or roofing felt. Mandatory communications for the garage - ventilation system and heating.

Connection of an extension with a country house

Many people spend a long time choosing where to add a new room to their home, so that it would be easier to connect it with the main building. Here you have to choose from two options:

• Independent building. In the event that difficult soil conditions are observed in the area (for example, heaving soils or high level groundwater), it is recommended to build an independent structure that will not be connected in any way to the main house. In this case, the extension and the main structure have no points of contact, so they do not depend on each other. At the same time, the minimum possible distance is maintained between the two buildings, which is a technological gap that must be filled with thermal insulation and waterproofing materials.
• Implementation of an extension to the structure of an old building. Such a solution involves a certain amount of labor, because construction will require compliance with all necessary technologies and carrying out many calculations and studies. First of all, you will need to properly build and insulate the foundation, which must be correctly connected to the base of the country house. This is usually done using reinforced rods. Using approximately the same technology, the walls and roof of structures are connected.

Features of roof construction for an extension to a house

The roof of an extension to a house can have any shape - here again everything will depend on the requirements and wishes of the owners. At the same time, most often country homeowners choose a pitched roof because it is simple to implement, it is easy to insulate it yourself, it combines well with other types of roofs that the main structure may have, and also removes precipitation well, preventing the entire structure from experiencing additional loads.

To ensure that rainfall from the roof of the extension drains normally, the design of the roof involves installing a roof slope of 20 degrees or more.

In addition, special attention must be paid to installing the roof of the extension under the roof of a country house. If everything is done correctly, the wall located between the extension and the country house will be protected from water entering through the joint between the two structures. In addition, the roof of the extension must be extremely harmoniously combined with the roofing material of the main building and fit harmoniously into the exterior of the building, without standing out from the general background.

During the design process, it is very important to correctly calculate the load that the roof structure will provide. You should take into account the weight of rafters, roofing material and other structural elements, used in roof construction.

It is important to understand that an extension to a house on screw piles or pillars is not designed for too heavy loads, unlike a monolithic or strip concrete foundation. You also need to insulate the roof (you can insulate it using any suitable thermal insulation materials, with which it is recommended to cover the top with waterproofing).

How to legalize construction?

Building an extension to an old or new country house is half the battle. Any additional premises erected on a land plot must be documented and obtain permission to carry out construction work from regulatory authorities.

An extension to a house with your own hands can be done in any way you like - no one will force you to invite builders, however, the country homeowner must present to the employees of the regulatory services a competently drawn up design of the building.

The procedure for completing all the documentation for an extension to an old country house usually takes from several months to a year.

An interesting point is that you can start collecting documents and obtaining a building permit after all the work is completed. This is permitted by current law.

At the same time, when reviewing documents, employees of the regulatory authority may have some complaints that will have to be corrected (for example, the location of the building relative to underground communications or the use of inappropriate building materials).

Let's consider buildings to the house and not extensions

Pergola is the simplest structure and perfect place for relax.

A barbecue is a great place for entertaining guests and celebrating.

Quite often it happens that the construction of a private house was carried out without the construction of outbuildings, but then the need for them arose. Modern projects houses often imply only the utilitarian function of the house - they will live there. And what if the person will also conduct some kind of economic activity - no. In addition, sometimes there is an urgent need to increase the living space of the house. Extension made of foam blocks, brick extension, wooden - the creation of these structures will help solve this issue once and for all.

Types of extensions

The type of building is determined depending on what exactly should be in it. This could be a room, a toilet, a garage, a kitchen, or anything. By the way, in middle lane In Russia you can often find a structure in the form of a greenhouse in which you can grow fruits and vegetables even in winter.

Diagram of the garage-extension

Indeed, in this case, all the necessary engineering communications can be easily extended from the house. Of course, the construction of a structure must be approved, even if we are talking about wooden terraces or simply adding a veranda to the house.

Creating a project and choosing the location of the extension

Projects and construction of such structures involve the following stages:

As for the choice of materials, it is better to be guided by the following rule: it is necessary to create projects and build an extension from the same materials that the house itself consists of.

Construction of a frame house in section

For example, if you need to attach terraces to a wooden house, then it would be better if it was wooden. Of course, this rule cannot always be observed.

Let's say a person wants to raise chickens, he needs a high-quality, windproof, warm brick extension. In this case, this option should be preferred, despite the fact that the house is wooden.

Options for the location of extensions to a standard wooden house

Estimate calculation

Actually, drawing up the estimate itself is not so difficult, it is necessary to take into account the following:

An example of a veranda attached to a wooden house

Construction estimates should be drawn up immediately after the projects are ready, regardless of whether terraces will be added or just wooden utility blocks. This will avoid unpleasant surprises in the future.

Construction of the foundation and connection of the foundation

In Russia, bathhouses are often attached to wooden houses.

Even the construction of an ordinary terrace for a wooden house involves the creation of a new foundation for it. The option of lengthening the old foundation disappears immediately: it is impossible to do this, but connecting both foundations into a single whole later is not only possible, but also necessary.

For example, even for wooden terraces you will need to make exactly the same foundation as the main house. So, first you need to decide on the type of foundation itself.

General scheme frame house pediment devices

Actually, there are 3 foundation options that can be used as a base for an extension:

1. Monolithic;
2. Columnar;
3. Tape.

Columnar foundations are used extremely rarely in Russia, since they can only be installed on very hard soils such as mountains.

It can be used, for example, to build a gazebo, but such structures are usually not attached to the house, but placed next to it. By the way, for a gazebo, instead of a foundation, you can use old tires - this will be quite enough.

Layout diagram for an extension made of foam blocks

Monolithic foundation will be the most durable, but its installation is not always advisable.

Monolithic is the most solid foundation, as they say, “for centuries.” However, the cost of its construction, as you might guess, will amount to a tidy sum, and the labor costs will be very, very impressive. In general, it is better to choose a classic strip foundation, which is ideal for any extension to a wooden house.

Placement of communications

An example of a garage extension to a wooden house

As noted above, placing any communications in the extension is as easy as shelling pears, because the room will be adjacent directly to the house itself. What does this mean?

For example, it is enough to just extend the existing water supply, sewerage or heating system- that’s it, no foundation pits or grueling welding work. The same applies to gaskets electrical wiring, which probably even the most careless schoolboy can implement with the help of a hammer drill.

It’s a different matter when we are talking about truly complex engineering systems. Let’s say you need to run a branch into the extension from main gas pipeline. Firstly, no one will let you do it yourself.

Construction of a veranda attached to the house

Secondly, this will require, speaking without a shadow of exaggeration, colossal expenditures. So it's worth thinking about. For example, in Kuban you can often find kitchen extensions to wooden houses.

And even if gas is installed in the house itself, there will still be gas in the extension. gas cylinder or the same electric stove(the oven is also a common option). Such nuances must be taken into account.

Communication with other premises

The question of how to make an extension to a house, even if we are talking about such a type of work as adding a veranda or another extension made of timber, should also involve solving the problem of communication between the attached structure and the rest of the house.

There are 2 solutions to this problem:

A covered terrace is an excellent extension option

1. An extension to a house made of timber can communicate with the house using doorway made in the main wall of the house;
2. The entrance can be from the street (an extension to a house made of timber makes it easy to implement both options, but another material made of wood does not).

In the first case, the solution will be convenient, because, in fact, the living area of ​​the entire house increases. But there is one extremely important nuance: the approval process in this case can last for many months, because changes must be made to many documents.

And the load-bearing wall of the house can be seriously damaged. If the owner of the house is ready for such a development of events, then, of course, it is better for him to prefer this option rather than any other.

Cut out the opening in load-bearing wall must be done with extreme caution!

If there is not enough money and there is no desire to go through the bureaucratic circles of hell, then the option of entering from the courtyard will not be so bad. Moreover, in terms of cost, it will be much cheaper.

Video

You can watch a video on how to make a frame extension to a wooden house.

Most individual house projects provide only a residential part without additional outbuildings. Over time, residents, if they have free space near the house, often need to expand the structure with their own hands or with the involvement of qualified specialists. This may be due to a variety of reasons, for example, an increase in the number of residents, the purchase of a car that will require a garage, and other circumstances. An extension is an auxiliary part of a building that is adjacent to its main walls on one or more sides.

Types of attached buildings

The structure can be:

1. Open, in the form of a canopy, summer veranda, porch or terrace adjacent to the main wall.
2. Closed:
   • living room with panoramic windows;
   • several additional living rooms;
   • kitchen with barbecue and dining room;
   • a separate recreation area, a children's play complex or a sports gym;
   • insulated garage;
   • workshop with storage rooms;
   • sanitary facilities with a swimming pool or bath;
   • Russian bath or sauna, made mainly from wooden logs or beams as an extension to wooden houses;
   • greenhouses for year-round cultivation vegetables, greenhouse or winter garden;
   • for placement of boiler equipment for heating.
3. A superstructure in the form of an attic, provided that the load-bearing capacity of the existing foundation allows such an increase in load.

Depending on the purpose, a heated warm extension or without heating is installed.

Necessary approvals

A project for an extension to a private house can be ordered from specialized design organizations or developed independently. To change the structure of a building, it is necessary to obtain a building permit from the local administrative authorities, which is necessary, as is the case for the construction of the main house. The project must be coordinated with the Sanitary authorities. and fire supervision, utility department. If the distances from the border with neighboring areas, regulated by building codes, written consent of the neighbors is required, preferably notarized. The illegality of building an extension is also recognized in the absence written consent all co-owners of the building for the work.

It should be borne in mind that a permit to carry out work is issued only if the rights to own a land plot and a house are registered in Rosreestr and taken into account in the state cadastre. In the absence of the necessary approvals, the structure may be declared illegal and subject to demolition. It is not necessary to obtain permission to build simple sheds or porches.

Structures and materials for the construction of the superstructure of buildings

The added part must fit harmoniously into general interior Houses. A two-story extension to a one-story building will look ridiculous, which will also significantly complicate construction. It is recommended to use the same materials from which the main structure is constructed for the construction of walls. For an extension to a wooden house, use wood, and brick brick. You can use foam or aerated concrete blocks, and for a harmonious combination with the structure of the house, clad it in wood or brick. A high or turning porch, as well as open verandas and terraces, must be framed with railings.

It is advisable to build the foundation of a major extension to an old house of the same type as the one existing under the main building. Of course, for construction simple canopy, porch or open veranda there is no need for a strong foundation. In most cases, a columnar foundation with a shallow depth or screw piles.

For permanent buildings and garages, reliable and durable foundation structures are needed. Mainly prefabricated and monolithic tapes or monolithic slab. When using pillars and screw piles, it is necessary to tie it with a grillage, and to protect the space under the floor, cover it with basement siding with insulation made of basalt mineral wool or other similar insulation materials. Along the top of the foundation, horizontal waterproofing from roll waterproofing materials (glass insulation, waterproofing, rubemast or roofing felt) is required.

A good option is a frame extension to the house. The frame is constructed from wooden blocks filled with insulation (for example, mineral wool slabs) and facing with thick moisture-resistant plywood, OSB boards or other materials. The attached building can be made with window openings. The doorway is more conveniently internal, which allows passage into the attached part without going outside. But an entry device directly from the street is also acceptable.

The roof is most often constructed with a pitched roof. It is important to ensure that snow does not accumulate at the junction, so the roof is made with a slope angle of ≥ 25 degrees. The canopy is most often covered with sheets of monolithic polycarbonate or ondulin.

The floor, depending on the purpose of the room, can be concrete (mainly in garages, workshops and storerooms), wooden, lined with porcelain stoneware or tiles. “Warm floors” are often installed.

It is recommended to construct garage walls from non-combustible products (brick, concrete or lightweight concrete blocks) with a ceiling reinforced concrete slabs or corrugated sheets. It is imperative to provide a number of ventilation holes.

How to connect an extension to a house

Connecting an existing building with an extension is one of the most critical moments of construction. If construction technologies are not followed, cracks will inevitably form in the junctions, opening to large gaps. This is caused by the difference in operating loads and the complete absence or slowdown of settlement of the foundation of the old house.

Connection of the attached part is carried out in the following two options:

1. WITH expansion joint without direct contact of foundations, walls and roof. Recommended for problem soils (peat or clay). A gap is provided between the structures, which is later filled with elastic heat and waterproofing materials. It is permissible to lay boards processed in several layers bitumen mastic. The resulting seam is closed decorative inserts. It is imperative to eliminate the possibility of the formation of “snow bags” on the roof at the junction points.
2. Inclusion of all constructs in joint work. The new foundation is laid at the same depth as the existing one. It is used on bases made of soils that are not subject to heaving. The contacting surface of the old one is cleared of soil and waterproofing layer and a notch is made using a hammer drill. Reinforcing bars are driven tightly into the drilled holes to seal the holes. The resulting embedded parts are connected by welding to reinforcement cage foundation of the extension, and concreting is carried out with careful compaction of the mixture using an internal vibrator. Brick walls connected in the same way. The rods are placed every two rows in the seams of the new masonry. Wooden structures tightened with steel bolts or studs with double-sided threads, complete with wide washers, nuts and locknuts. To mate the roof, a part will need to be removed roofing and joint fastening of rafters and beams of the house and extension with the addition of new additional nodes and racks. In some cases, it may be necessary to construct a common rafter system or replace it with longer elements.

The second option is more complex, labor-intensive and costly, although it cannot be guaranteed that the joints will not come apart over time.

Depending on the design, materials existing house and the purpose of the attached premises, the foundation type, material and thickness of the walls are selected, rafter system And roofing materials for a new building.

Before deciding how to build an extension, you need to provide for all possible nuances of future construction and guarantee to protect yourself from possible administrative sanctions.

Advantages of an extension compared to a free-standing building

• Reducing the amount of work required to install utilities (electricity, water supply, heating, sewerage, ventilation).
• Less material consumption and cost of construction, since at least one already existing wall is used.
• Rational use territory without cluttering with additional buildings.
• Additional insulation, preventing cold air from penetrating directly into the house and reducing heat loss.