Build a shed with a pitched roof from blocks. Construction of a shed from foam blocks: features, subtleties

Every person can make a shed from foam blocks with their own hands. In your own yard you will always need a utility room. For example, you will need to keep various things, building materials, tools, and equipment there. In such a building you can build a workshop or a room for various pets. To keep it warm, you need to choose the right material. One of the best options are foam blocks.

Why use foam block

Foam concrete has many advantages. These include the following:

1. The building will have good thermal insulation. This material has the same thermal conductivity as natural wood. When compared with silicate or ceramic bricks, foam blocks lose heat 3 times less. This is achieved due to the fact that the material has a porous structure. 80% of it consists of small closed cells. Because of this, the temperature changes slowly. Thanks to these properties, a building made of foam blocks will create the effect of a thermos.
2. The product is frost-resistant. When freezing, water will migrate through the block, thereby maintaining the structure of the material so that the blocks remain intact.
3. Soundproofing properties. Due to the fact that there are many cavities inside the block, the utility block will have good sound insulation.
4. Hygroscopicity. The material has hygroscopic properties, so air exchange will be normal indoors. Thanks to this property, steam will escape and mold will not form on the walls due to dampness.
5. The foam blocks from which we build the barn do not support combustion and do not ignite. This material can withstand fire for approximately 8 hours, and at the same time it will collapse.
6. Ease of use. Handling foam blocks is very easy, and much easier than with ordinary bricks. In addition, ready-made blocks standard sizes are 20-30-60 cm, so it will be much faster to build walls.
7. Light weight blocks. They usually weigh no more than 11 kg. Thanks to this, the load on the base and walls will be significantly less.
8. Low cost. Thanks to this, you can save on material costs. The financial costs for the entire construction will be significantly less than if foam blocks were used.
9. Environmental friendliness. Foam blocks are considered an environmentally friendly material, since only sand, cement and foam-forming substances are used to create them (usually a protein base).
10. It is easy to saw the block due to its porous structure.

But foam blocks also have disadvantages that must be taken into account if this material is chosen to create a shed for animals or store tools. Firstly, the disadvantages include the insufficient strength of the material, which is why it is not allowed to erect a building higher than 10 m. This disadvantage affects the transportation of the material. Secondly, due to the ugly appearance of the blocks, additional implementation will be required. facing works. In addition, it must be taken into account that if there is no additional protection, then if there is excessive low temperatures the material will begin to gradually deteriorate.

Preparatory stage: site selection, calculations and drawings

Before you think about how to build a shed from foam blocks, you need to choose the place where this building will be located. It is very important that its location is convenient for people. Usually there are 2 entrances in a building. One of them must be wide enough. This is very convenient if you need to bring in furniture or other large items. Depending on the purpose of the building, it can be placed next to the house or further away.

After choosing a place for an outbuilding, you need to think about its shape and dimensions. Then make a drawing or at least a rough diagram. After this, you can start making calculations. It is imperative to calculate how many materials will be needed for a shed made of foam blocks.

For example, the dimensions of the blocks are approximately 20-30-60 cm. The building has a length of 6 m, a width of 3 m and a height of 2.5 m. In this case, 30 blocks will be needed. To calculate, you need to calculate the perimeter of the building (that is, 6 + 3, and then multiply the resulting amount by 2). Then divide it by the length of the block - 0.6 m. In total, 30 blocks will be needed for one row. Now you can find out how many rows there will be. To do this, you need to divide the height of the entire building by the height of 1 block. Makes 8.3 rows. As a result, you will need to make 8.3 rows with 30 blocks; when you multiply both indicators, you get 249 blocks - this is the total amount of materials for the entire building. It is necessary to take into account exactly the dimensions that the selected foam block has, since the dimensions may vary. In this case, their number for the construction of the building will be different. In addition, you need to take into account that there will be openings for doors and windows.

After this, you can begin to calculate the amount of materials that will be needed for the roof. It is necessary to use roofing materials (for example, metal tiles), and also boards and beams will be needed for the rafter system. Overhangs at the front, rear and sides should be 0.5 m larger than the base parameters. This will prevent precipitation from getting on the walls. Given the selected building parameters, the following amount of materials will be needed for the construction of a 2-pitched roof:

1. Wooden beams - 30 pcs. with a length of 3 m and a cross-section of 10*5 cm. In this case, the angle of inclination will be approximately 53°.
2. Boards - 15 pcs. 6 m each. The cross-section is 10 * 2.5 cm.
3. Floor beams - 20 pcs. 4 m each.
4. Mauerlat - 2 pcs.
5. Boards for crossbars - 1 pc.
6. Metal corners, 3 rolls of insulating material, screws and nails.

In addition, you need to prepare your tools in advance. From various meters you will need a ruler, a square, a building level. To create an adhesive composition, you need a drill with a mixer attachment or a concrete mixer, a container for the solution, and bayonet and shovel shovels. You will also need a large watering can, a hose with a pump, a spatula, a hammer, and nails. You can't do without a ladder.

Stage two: construction of the foundation and walls

When all calculations have been made and materials and tools have been purchased, it is time to begin construction work. First you need to make a foundation for the shed from foam blocks. Best fit strip design. Step by step work as follows:

1. Level the area where the building will be located. After this, make markings depending on what dimensions are chosen for the building. To do this, use stakes and cords.
2. Dig pits around the perimeter of the future building. It is best if the depth is lower than the freezing level. As a rule, 0.3-0.5 m in depth is enough, but in some soils (for example, clay type) it is necessary to tear up to 1 m. Make a trench 0.3 m wide.
3. Pour sand into the trench and compact it thoroughly so that the layer is even. Its thickness should be approximately 10 cm. More crushed stone needs to be poured onto this pillow. This layer should also have a thickness of 10 cm. After this, lay a waterproofing layer along the entire trench on these 2 layers. This is required to prevent the liquid concrete solution from being absorbed into the lower layers. The waterproofing should be positioned so that it covers not only crushed stone and sand, but also the soil on the sides of the trench.
4. Before you start laying out the foundation for the barn, you need to build the formwork that will be used for pouring concrete. Metal and wooden planks are used for this design. The height should be above the soil level - it should reach the basement level of the future building. For the strength of the formwork, fixation with clamps and spacers is used. The top also needs to be secured with supports. It is necessary to install a metal frame on the waterproofing layer or use reinforcement mesh. The rods should have a thickness of approximately 1-1.2 cm.
5. The reinforcement can be filled with concrete mortar. It is best to use a product of the M200-250 brand. The entire perimeter should be poured out of concrete in 1 step. You should not do this in the heat or rain, otherwise the foundation will simply crack. Under normal weather conditions, it will take about a month for the concrete to harden.
6. When the concrete has completely hardened, the surface needs to be prepared for further work. It is necessary to clean it from dust and dirt, remove protrusions and other defects.

After the foundation of the building is completed, it is necessary to move on to arranging the walls. To do this, the surface of the concrete foundation must be covered with a material with waterproofing properties. For example, you can use roofing felt or waterproofing material.

After this, you need to prepare an adhesive solution for the walls. You need to use cement and sand. 3 parts of the first component rely on 1 part of the second. When the composition is ready, you can begin laying the first row of blocks. You need to start from the corner of the building and then continue along the entire perimeter of the building. The seam should be no more than 3 cm thick. When the first row is laid out, you need to check that the wall is level. To make the wall strong, it is recommended to use reinforcement bars. Their diameter should be 8 mm. They are supposed to be laid after every 4th row of blocks.

Third stage: roof arrangement and wall treatment

After the walls are erected, the roof can be made. First you need to wait until the solution hardens. The algorithm of actions will be as follows:

1. Fix the bars to the top row of the wall with metal pins, which will be used as a mauerlat. The distance between the studs should be no more than 1.2 m. There must be a waterproofing layer under the Mauerlat.
2. Secure the trusses at the edge to form gables. They can be leveled and fixed using temporary stops. The truss structure at the edge must be carefully strengthened. To do this, nail it with a board to the wall of the building. In this case, the walls must be completely flat. It is better to assemble the rafters on the ground and then raise them for further installation. Be sure to stretch the twine between the trusses.
3. Fix the trusses along the edges to the Mauerlat. The rest are installed using twine. For convenience, you can make marks. It is best to use pads and metal fasteners for fastening, since wooden elements Over time they will simply dry out, so nails will not help.
4. When the building system is completely installed, it must be covered with a special membrane with waterproofing properties. Install the sheathing on top. If you use metal tiles in the future, it is best to install beams in one layer, which have a cross-section of 5*6 cm.

Now it’s time to begin insulation work. Styrofoam is great for this. Dust and dirt must be removed from the walls. Then eliminate the defects. After this, apply a primer. Then use anchors and dowels to secure the base strips. They are used as a support for fastening corners and slabs.

Next you need to prepare the glue for the foam boards. It is necessary to fill the product only with cool water. For stirring, it is recommended to use a drill that has a special attachment. After this, the substance is left to infuse for 5 minutes. Now you need to apply this composition to the slabs at a distance of 3 cm to the edges along the entire perimeter. In the middle, also treat the surface. Place the slabs against the wall and secure them with dowels. Then cover everything with glue and install the mesh. When everything is dry, you need to apply plaster and paint.

Conclusion

Building a shed from foam blocks is not a difficult task. You can save a lot by doing everything yourself, without the help of a construction team. The main thing is to make the calculations correctly and be able to use the necessary tools. The result will be a well-built utility room that can last for many years.

Household project - visualization

Both designers and independent developers often provide one or another type of concrete stones as a building material for outbuildings. They are supported by sufficient strength, low price, and the fact that thanks to the enlarged format, you can quickly and without special mason skills build walls with your own hands.

In particular, we will look at how to build a utility block from foam blocks. Although, the information we provide may be useful in other cases.

What is a utility block

IN Lately An ordinary shed is increasingly called a utility block. But this is not entirely true, since the term “block” denotes a structure or structure consisting of several parts, or having double the size.

Accordingly, it is much more correct to call a utility block a structure that combines two or more utility functions: a barn-garage, sauna-summer kitchen, chicken coop barn. It can be just a barn, but a double one, designed for 2 owners.

Why combine?

This combination allows the building to take up a minimum of space, which is why today this is how outbuildings are most often designed. And if you consider that two functional buildings If there is a common wall, then the savings will be expressed not only in square meters, but also in rubles.

Of course, if you have a fairly large plot and there is no need to save, you can pay attention to summer kitchen projects made from foam blocks, build a gazebo, a chicken coop, or from this material separately.

Whichever of the above-mentioned objects would not be your priority will be the same. The only thing that needs to be taken into account for a bathhouse is the wet operating conditions, which require proper interior finishing.

In other cases, for commercial buildings it will be enough only to protect the walls from constant wetting from the outside. But first things first.

Building dimensions

As for the parameters of buildings, everything is individual and depends on the specific purpose:

• If you just want to build a shed with one interior room, then it can be quite compact - for example, 3 * 4.5 m.
• When you need to make a utility block with several storage rooms, an area of ​​18 m2 will be quite enough. Accordingly, the length and width of the building along the axes will be 6*3m, as in the photo.

• If a garage or carport is attached to the utility unit, then the dimensions of the car must also be taken into account. A minimum passenger car requires 24 m2 of area (6 m in length and 4 m in width). Accordingly, taking these parameters into account, the overall size of the building should increase.
• When there is a vegetable garden on the site, you cannot do without a basement in which you can store crops and preparations. It is very convenient to do it under the shed because:
  1. firstly, the presence of a ground structure helps maintain a stable temperature in the dungeon;
  2. secondly, it is better than looking for a separate place for a cellar or arranging it under a residential building.
• When constructing a utility block with a cellar, the structure must be divided into two parts:
  1. In one half, in which it is stored garden tools and other tools, an ordinary door will lead;
  2. In the second half, where the entrance to the cellar is located, the door should be a barn - so that you can bring bags and boxes in a wheelbarrow, and not carry them on yourself.

The picture above shows an option with the most optimal parameters of the building itself, and the sizes of openings for doors and windows. Below we present to your attention small instructions, telling how to properly build a utility block. The video in this article will help you understand this issue.

We are building a utility block

Most often, owners decide to build outbuildings from foam blocks when this material was used for the construction of the main house and there is a surplus left. In this case, you have to build from what you have, without thinking about selecting stones according to dimensions. Otherwise, the question of block sizes arises.

Note: If you purchased a project for a utility block made of foam blocks, then it will also contain an explanation of the materials - including their types and parameters.

• In principle, many manufacturers produce only one, the most running option wall products made of foam concrete: 600 mm length, 200 mm thickness and 300 mm height.
• But if you wish - if, for example, you need to make thicker walls, you can find other options (250, 300 or 400 mm thick). For this you can take products with a thickness of 100-120 mm.
• In addition to the blocks themselves, to build walls you will need masonry mixture. If it is important for you that the building be warm - for example, if you are building a room for winter poultry keeping, a garage or a bathhouse, then it is better to use special glue for masonry.

Note: Since perlite sand is added as a filler to adhesive mixtures for cellular blocks instead of quartz, the joints have the same thermal conductivity as cellular concrete.

If on the site you are simply building a shed, a fence or a gazebo made of foam blocks, then it is quite possible to use ordinary cement-sand mortar for masonry.

Foundation for masonry

Before you start building walls, you need to take care of reliable support for them. There may be several options - but it depends on what exactly you will build.

Construction of masonry and its protection

Once your foundation is ready, you can begin building the walls. Regardless of the type of base, it is necessary to lay a roll of waterproofing material under the masonry.

And it is better if it is glued to the concrete with mastic. This immutable rule is used not only when working with foam blocks, but also for any other wall materials.

• Even if the blocks are installed using glue, the first row is laid on the DSP. This makes it possible to level out all the unevenness of the foundation surface.
• First, corner blocks are laid, and a mooring cord is pulled between them, which will serve as a guide for further laying.
• The position of the blocks is checked with a level and adjusted using a rubber hammer.
• To continue further work, the first row needs to stand for a day to gain strength.
• From the second row you can already lay the blocks on glue, but for the utility block you can continue to use the solution.
• After bringing the masonry to the required height, you will need to make a roof for your utility block, which can be either single-pitch, gable or hip.
• You can create a slope on a pitched roof due to differences in the heights of opposite walls, or you will have to install wooden posts for this purpose.

In any case, the main load-bearing element of the roof is the mauerlat beam, which is mounted directly to the top of the masonry. To do this, an armored belt is first installed around the perimeter of the walls, into which metal studs with threads are embedded. It is due to them that the timber will stay on the walls.

The design of the roof depends on which version will be constructed. It can be covered with absolutely any material - but it is better if it is similar to what was used for other buildings on the site.

And finally, about protecting the walls. Foam concrete belongs to the category cellular concrete, and due to their porous structure they are quite hygroscopic. Therefore, it is advisable to protect the outside of the masonry from moisture. At a minimum, it can be hydrophobic impregnation or plaster.

Ideally, the walls are covered with foam blocks using a ventilated facade system. As in the case of the roof, the same option as on the facade of the house will look ideal, but you can choose something else: siding, corrugated sheets, plastic lining.

Gone are the days when foam concrete blocks served as insulation. Today, the strength of the material allows them to be used to build houses, garages and bathhouses. Such a shed will cost at least half as much as a brick one, and it will be built five times faster.

The most serious disadvantage is shrinkage. Foam concrete sometimes shrinks up to 4 mm for every meter of wall height. The result will be hairline cracks in the plaster, in areas where other buildings adjoin. The second is the low strength to mechanical damage and crushing, which is inherent in all cellular concrete. It's easy to get into the barn if you want. In the same summer cottage, attackers will cut through a wall in half an hour without making much noise.

Positive properties:

• Low water absorption. The foam block absorbs about 7% of water from its volume (for comparison: aerated block - up to 40%).
• Thermal protection parameters. A 40 cm wall has the same thermal insulation as two meters of ceramic brick, and is inexpensive in comparison.

Even in a barn with a wall thickness of 20 cm, it will be possible to arrange economical heating. It can be used for keeping pets or as a warm warehouse.

1. The strength of the D500 brand is about 13 kg/cm2 - more than enough for a two-story utility block or just a high box where you can put a minibus or small truck.
2. Ease of construction. Laying one block of foam concrete replaces six single bricks. An additional bonus is four times less load on the foundation from the weight of the walls.

Step by step guide

A small country shed with pitched roof. It does not need to be heated, which means the base will need to be shallow. For central Russia - about 60-80 cm, depending on the soil.

Let us take as a construction project a 6x4 shed with a wall height of 2.5 meters, half a block thick (200 mm) with a monolithic strip foundation and a cellar. We are designing a gable roof using a wooden rafter system, covered with corrugated asbestos cement sheets. Ventilated cold attic useful for drying hay and brooms for a bath. We will provide a gate at the end so that the utility block can be used as a garage.

1. Tools and equipment.

Another plus is the possibility of easy processing. Foam concrete is perfectly cut not only with a disc with diamond coating, but even hand saw However, its canvas should be made of high-quality steel. We will need:

• concrete mixer;
• corner (“grinder”);
• shovel, trowel (trowel), mason's pick, rubber mallet;
• tape measure, level, plumb line, string;
• scaffold;
• solution container.

Since construction is required on a turnkey basis, for roof work you will need:

• electric saw;
• axe, hammer;
• screwdriver;
• ladder.

Auxiliary tools: pliers, hacksaw, screwdrivers, mounting crowbar.

2. Foundation structure.

We will build it ourselves, starting from the foundation pit, but to dig the soil for the cellar it is better to hire an excavator. After the soil has been dug up and part of it has been removed, we level the bottom and compact it with crushed stone. Next, we carry out concrete preparation, install the formwork and pour the strip foundation. At the same time, it will serve as the walls of the cellar.

There is no need for a high base for a garden shed; it is enough for it to rise 20-30 cm above the ground level. Let the concrete sit for a week, then install the ceiling of the cellar. As load-bearing structures we use I-beams 25 cm high with a step of 1 m. We reinforce the gaps between them and fill them with monolithic concrete.

3. Laying walls.

We will lay a strip of roofing felt dry along the edge of the base, and build walls on this layer of waterproofing. Maintain millimeter accuracy when concrete works foundation is unrealistic. Therefore, we level the first row with a layer of cement-sand masonry mortar. What composition we will work with depends on the quality of the blocks. If the scatter of their geometry is more than 2-3 mm, we continue to use the usual cement mixture, if less, use glue.

We reinforce the masonry seams across the row with galvanized steel mesh. Above the gates, windows, door blocks we install jumpers. For large openings, a steel I-beam is installed. When flying less than a meter it is enough to lay four bars of periodic cross-section reinforcement with a diameter of 16-18 mm. We will cover the walls of the barn. Let's make it from boards on wooden beams.

Concentrated loads crush foam concrete. To avoid this, we install a monolithic reinforced concrete belt 15 cm high along the entire upper edge of the wall. We let the concrete gain strength for at least a week, after which we lay the floor and install the roof trusses. We install door and window blocks, gates, we are installing a concrete floor.

A garden shed does not require plaster; the foam block will stand without it without any problems. But it is better to finish the inside with cement-lime mortar, and the outside with siding.

Another subtlety is that the building shrinks. Therefore, it is not worth plastering it earlier than in a couple of months. We will make a blind area 600 mm wide around the structure.

Construction estimate

On average, the price per square meter for the construction of a turnkey barn is in the range of 10,000-14,000 rubles, including labor.

Of these amounts, the largest part is the cost of foam blocks. The magnitude largely depends on their size and characteristics. Let's tabulate the average values ​​in the markets of the European part of the Russian Federation:

We select materials and calculate estimates at the design stage. It will be convenient to calculate costs in a simple table. For example, let's fill in a few lines.

Each owner summer cottage there is a need to erect a building in which you can store garden tools and other things necessary for business activities. A do-it-yourself shed can be used for keeping poultry, rabbits, pigs or goats. A workshop or warehouse for storing crops is often set up here. In the utility block you can equip a toilet with a shower, adding a bath room to the building.

Such a building can be temporary or permanent. The second option requires drawing up a project for a shed linked to the site plan. The structure can be intended for specific purposes or be multifunctional, consisting of several compartments. The building is quite often used as a barn for keeping livestock and feed supplies. There are special requirements for the construction of such structures.

A multifunctional building most often consists of several zones where storage space is organized, a toilet and shower are equipped. By adding a veranda or terrace, you can expand functionality structures, providing a place for rest and eating.

A number of requirements are put forward for an outbuilding in the form of a barn. The structure must be erected quickly and cheaply. Despite the fact that it is classified as non-residential, the structure must be solid, reliable and durable, and have the minimum comfortable conditions necessary for further operation. Depending on its purpose, the building must be insulated to the required extent. The size of the shed should be selected based on the dimensions of the site and the purpose of the building. It must ensure comfortable and free movement of a person.

Helpful advice! You should not build a structure that is too high. However, it should be taken into account that a person must move in it at full height, without bending.

The construction of the barn is carried out taking into account technical, sanitary and fire safety requirements. If they are stored here gas cylinders, flammable liquids and other combustible materials, you should take a particularly responsible approach to the issue of fire safety. An important role in utility units is assigned to the proper organization of good ventilation.

How to build a barn at the dacha: construction technologies

There are three options for building a shed in the country:

• monolithic technology;
• frame construction;
• modular method.

Monolithic technology consists of erecting a structure from building elements in the form of cinder blocks, foam concrete and aerated concrete, brick, cobblestones or log frames. This method allows you to get a high-strength, capital and durable building, which will be quite expensive. You can speed up construction while reducing costs by using cinder blocks or foam blocks. Such masonry is used quite often today for large structures with an area of ​​20 m² or more.

The most popular method for building sheds is frame technology. Its principle is to create a strong frame, which is the skeleton of the building, from wooden beams or profile pipe followed by covering it with panels, panels, slabs or wood. This type of DIY shed construction is carried out at a fast pace and is relatively inexpensive. At the same time, the proper strength and reliability of the structure is ensured.

The modular method involves assembling a house from ready-made modules, which can be made of metal or plastic, as shown in photos of beautiful sheds. The elements are fastened to each other through the use of special parts. Main feature One of the main features of such structures is their mobility. The building can be disassembled and moved to another location.

How to build a shed with your own hands: preparatory activities

Before making a barn, you should plan the site area and determine the location of the future structure. This issue has its own characteristics. The barn is being built on an area not used for growing summer cottage crops. The building should not be located in a low area. In the event of heavy precipitation, the building will be subject to constant flooding.

Depending on the purpose of the shed, it must be located at a remote distance from the residential building and the interface with the neighboring plot, which is regulated by current regulatory documentation.

Then you will need to draw up a plan for the future construction with the design of the premises. All sizes should be listed here. You can make the drawing yourself, taking into account personal preferences, or use ready-made standard designs for a garden shed presented on specialized websites.

The next step is to compile (based on the do-it-yourself barn drawings) a list of building materials, which depends on the construction technology of the structure. For frame construction the amount of material required to create the frame of the structure and finish the building is calculated. In the case of using a monolithic option, the number of masonry materials and the amount of mortar that will be needed to complete the work are determined.

Building a foundation for a barn with your own hands

Under the shed, you can make one of two types of foundation: strip or columnar. The first option is suitable for permanent frame structures with a concrete base. Light buildings are recommended to be placed on a columnar base.

Important! Strip foundations cannot be erected in areas with sedimentary soil or peat.

The step-by-step technology for laying a strip foundation for a barn with your own hands is as follows:

• making markings for the future building according to its dimensions;
• preparing a trench 40 cm deep and 30 cm wide;
• filling the depression with a layer of sand and crushed stone 15 cm high;
• strengthening the bottom and side walls with roofing felt;

• installation of formwork around the perimeter of the trench;
• laying a reinforcing frame in the form of a box of 12 mm thick rods over the entire area of ​​the recess;
• pouring concrete mortar.

Important! The foundation must protrude above the ground level to the height of the plinth.

After two to three weeks, you will be able to start building a barn at your dacha with your own hands.

Installation of a columnar base involves the following steps:

• making holes 80 cm deep under the foundation pillars at the corners of the structure and at the junction of partitions, which should be spaced at least 1.5 m;
• filling the bottom of the holes with a layer of crushed stone or gravel with sand 15 cm thick;
• installing pieces of metal or asbestos-cement pipe or roofing felt sleeves into the holes;

• filling the space between the stand and the ground with sand and gravel;
• filling the pipe cavity with reinforcement 10-12 mm thick, tied with 2 mm wire;
• pouring pipes with concrete.

Helpful advice! To improve the waterproofing of the base and extend its service life support pillars should be coated with special mastic.

The posts can be made of brick or concrete blocks. You can also use oak or larch logs with a thickness of at least 300 mm. Wooden crafts must be thoroughly treated with an antiseptic. Bottom part logs, which is buried in the ground, covered with bitumen mastic and wrapped in several layers of roofing felt. After installing the posts in the holes wooden supports filled with concrete.

Frame barn: features of construction technology

Frame technology is very popular in the construction of sheds, according to which the skeleton of the building is erected, which is subsequently sheathed with finishing material. The frame is made of wood or metal. The last option is used to create a shed from corrugated sheets with your own hands. Wooden is widely used frame construction, which is characterized by increased strength and the ability to withstand significant loads.

Frame technology makes it possible to erect a structure in a short time with minimal costs. Since wood is a high-tech raw material, it becomes possible to add additional elements. The material is quite durable, with high thermal insulation characteristics and environmental friendliness.

Wood is characterized by hygroscopicity, which contributes to high moisture absorption with the formation of rot, mold and fungal infections. Therefore, the material needs to be treated with special moisture-resistant and antiseptic compounds, and to extend its service life it can be coated with an outer protective layer of varnish or paint.

The durability and design of the shed directly depend on the cost of materials. You can build a barn cheaply and quickly with your own hands from unedged spruce, birch or pine boards, but the building will have an unsightly appearance. A more aesthetic structure will be made from high-quality material in the form of edged boards, profiled timber or lining.

We build a barn with our own hands using frame technology

After the base for the shed has completely hardened, you can begin to build the frame of the wooden shed with your own hands. Its production begins with the lower frame, which will serve as the basis for the future structure. Therefore, for its manufacture you should use high-quality wooden beam without knots or mechanical damage.

Before you make a shed from boards with your own hands, you need to waterproof the foundation. To do this, the base must be covered with two sheets of roofing material. This procedure will protect the wooden frame from dampness.

Related article:

Types of garages. Premises arrangement plan. Finishing walls and floors in the garage. Choice of lighting. Placement of shelving. Useful tips.

The lower frame is created from timber with a section of 100x100 mm. In the corners, the elements are attached using dowels. Logs made of boards with a cross section of 50x100 mm are attached to the strapping crown at a distance of 50 cm from each other. The next step is the construction of wooden racks from timber of the same cross-section as for the lower frame. They are fixed using invoices metal plates or can be nailed obliquely.

Important! If a pitched roof is installed, wooden posts are installed at different heights, which will facilitate further roofing work.

Distance between wooden stands should not exceed 1.5 m. 0.6 m is considered optimal. In this case, each support will coincide with the upper floor beams and become a reliable basis for the roof. To create additional rigidity, struts are attached to the vertical posts and the lower frame using bolted connections. In the upper part, at a distance of 2 m from the lower crown, the racks are tied by creating a wooden frame. Door and window openings are formed using vertical racks and horizontal crossbars. The distance between them is determined by the dimensions of the structure.

To create the frame of a shed, not only wooden beams can be used. Here you can use a steel pipe, angle or profile. The order of constructing the frame in this case remains unchanged. The only difference is that everything metal elements are connected to each other by electric welding. Such a frame does not require the construction of a foundation. It can be installed on a sand and gravel embankment.

Helpful advice! Before sheathing metal carcass should be painted. The exception is galvanized profiles.

Do-it-yourself floor and walls of a wooden building at the dacha

After creating the frame and laying the joists, you can begin installing the floor. For a cold shed made of boards with your own hands, it is advisable to use OSB sheets, which are nailed to the joists. Waterproofing in the form of a sheet of roofing material is laid on top of them. Next, a finishing floor is made from tongue-and-groove or edged boards. The first option is more preferable due to the fact that there are special grooves at the ends of the boards that eliminate the possibility of cracks forming, thereby increasing the strength of the floor.

The floor can be insulated. To do this, use mineral wool, expanded clay or polystyrene foam, which are laid before installing the floor covering. For this OSB boards the joists are tapped from below. This process is carried out before the stage of erecting the frame racks. If this moment was missed, then the subfloor made of this material is filled with logs on top. A counter-lattice is mounted on the slabs, which is necessary to create cells in which the insulation is laid. Waterproofing is laid underneath it on the subfloor. The top of the insulation is covered with a layer of vapor barrier. Next, the clean floor is installed.

Helpful advice! The height of the insulation should be slightly less than the height of the joist to provide a ventilated gap between it and the floor covering.

Before finishing the walls, the frame must be strengthened with permanent jibs. They are especially needed if the structure will be sheathed with boards or clapboards. The jibs are installed at an angle of 45°, which provides better structural rigidity. Near doors or windows it is allowed to maintain an angle of 60°. The joining of elements to the frame is carried out “in a paw” or “half-tree”, which eliminates the formation of gaps.

Important! Before fastening the jibs, you should check the evenness of the corners of the frame using a building level or plumb line.

After completing the installation of the jibs and flooring, the walls are insulated. To do this, use polystyrene foam or mineral wool. On the room side, the material is covered with a vapor barrier followed by cladding, and on the street side - with waterproofing, to which a counter-lattice made of planks with a cross-section of 20x40 mm is nailed to create a ventilation gap.

Do-it-yourself roof installation for a frame barn

To create a shed roof with your own hands, wooden boards with a section of 50x100 mm are used, from which the rafters are made. It is most convenient to assemble the structure on the ground and fix it ready-made on the frame posts. The rafters are attached at a distance of 0.7-0.8 m from each other. The sheathing is mounted on top of them. To do this, strips of unedged boards are installed with a gap of 15-20 cm from each other (in the case of using slate as a roofing material). If rolled products are used, then the lathing pitch should not exceed 2-3 cm.

Important! The sheathing must be covered waterproofing material.

You can do without rafters. To do this, the front wall of the frame is made 50 cm higher than the back wall, as shown in the drawing of a 3x6 do-it-yourself dacha barn with a pitched roof. In this case, the floor beams are placed on the top frame at a certain slope. They will act as rafters. With this option, it is necessary to organize an overhang of the roof, which is ensured by overlapping the beams by 50 cm in front and behind the structure.

For getting attic space A gable roof is erected over the barn, which is formed by triangular rafters that are attached to the top frame frame. In this case, the front and back wall frames must have the same height.

Types of roofing for a country shed

You can use metal tiles, slate, ondulin, flexible tiles, roofing felt or corrugated sheets as roofing for a barn at your dacha with your own hands. One of the most budget-friendly options is slate, which is characterized by durability, good strength, and weather resistance. However, it is quite fragile and therefore requires careful handling. When installing it, there is no need to stuff a reliable sheathing. The material has low aesthetic properties, which is not so important for a barn in the country.

Metal tiles are also inexpensive material, which is characterized by durability, wide range and attractive appearance. When installing the coating, you should be wary of scratches and other damage, which will become a prerequisite for the formation of corrosion.

The professional sheet is similar in its technical and operational characteristics on metal tiles. However, it costs much less and has a simpler appearance, which is clearly shown in the photo of a do-it-yourself shed made from corrugated sheets.

A cheap and simple roofing covering is rolled roofing felt. It is characterized by ease of installation, carried out in several layers, and low aesthetics. Soft slate is represented by ondulin, which is lightweight, flexible, easy to install and has an aesthetic appearance. However, the material is flammable.

Flexible metal tiles have good performance and aesthetic characteristics. However, the material has a relatively high cost, so it is not practical to use it as a roofing covering for a barn.

How to inexpensively cover the outside of a shed: popular options

To cover frame wooden sheds with your own hands, you can use lining, wooden boards, OSB sheets or profiled sheets.

The most popular and cheapest option is to use unedged boards. They are dissolved into elements required size, which are used for the outer cladding of the frame. However, over time, cracks form in such cladding, which can be closed with wooden planks. But it is better to do the sheathing with overlapping herringbone boards. With this technology, each subsequent row of boards is placed on the lower tier with its own edge.

A little more expensive, but easier to cut and install OSB boards. It is important to arrange the elements so that their joints are in the center of the frame posts. This material does not deform under the influence of moisture and does not rot. However, to create additional protection and give the structure a more attractive appearance, the surface should be coated with paint.

To organize a cold warehouse, you can use a profiled sheet, the elements of which are attached to a wooden frame with self-tapping screws. The sheets should be overlapped by 15-20 cm. If the structure is used for keeping animals or as a workshop, the walls of the barn made of corrugated sheets are sheathed from the inside with insulating material.

A polycarbonate barn is being built for indoor poultry walking. The technology for installing honeycomb plastic is similar to installing OSB boards. Fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws with a wide head and a sealing washer.

Budget-friendly and environmentally friendly options for frame cladding

One of the cheapest and most popular materials in rural areas is pressed straw blocks, which are also environmentally friendly. Such bricks are treated with a special compound that protects them from fire. They have good strength and ability to retain heat. Straw bricks fill the gaps in the wooden frame, so when constructing it, intermediate posts are installed.

The resulting timber barn walls are finished with clay plaster, which is applied to a steel mesh fixed on top of the straw. Thatched construction is characterized by minimal cost, and in terms of thermal characteristics it is superior to sheds made of cellular concrete and brick.

One more budget option is the use of sawdust concrete. To do this, a smooth and durable formwork is constructed from OSB sheets, which is securely attached to the building frame. Next, layer-by-layer pouring of a mixture of sawdust and cement mortar is carried out in a ratio of 2:1.

You can make a cheap and at the same time environmentally friendly shed for domestic animals using a clay pot. This is a mixture of clay, wood and cement-sand mortar, which fills the voids in the frame of the structure. The result is a durable structure with high energy-saving performance.

DIY shed made of foam blocks: main advantages

For the construction of solid outbuildings, blocks of cellular gas or foam concrete are most often used. The main advantages of the material are:

• large size of products, which allows you to perform work quickly and conveniently;
• precise geometry, reducing the labor intensity of the process;
• light product weight of 11 kg;
• low thermal conductivity due to the porous structure of the material, which allows it to retain heat for a long time;
• increased frost resistance;
• good sound insulation properties;
• high hygroscopicity, which allows the material to breathe, removing water vapor outside, while preventing the possibility of mold and dampness in the room;
• non-flammability;
• flexibility of the product when sawing (due to the porous base);
• environmental friendliness of the material;
• low cost.

However, the material can be used for buildings no higher than 10 m, which is due to the limited strength of the material. Another drawback is the unattractive appearance of the products, which requires additional finishing of the walls of the barn for a summer residence with your own hands from foam blocks.

How to make a barn with your own hands from foam blocks

Before building a shed from foam blocks, a strip foundation is erected, the manufacturing technology of which is described above. The blocks are laid on a waterproofing material covering the base. In this case, you can use roofing felt or waterproofing material. To lay the blocks, you should prepare an adhesive mixture, which consists of sand and cement in a ratio of 1:3. The first row starts from the corner of the building and continues along its entire perimeter. The thickness of the seam between products should not exceed 30 mm. After laying the first row, the wall is checked for evenness using a level.

Helpful advice! To obtain a durable and strong structure, after every third row, reinforcement bars with a diameter of 80 mm are laid on the blocks.

The last row is covered with waterproofing material. Next is the creation of the barn roof. For small building(no more than 3 m wide) a lean-to option is suitable. For do-it-yourself sheds 6 by 6 m, it is better to equip a gable roof, the installation description of which is given below.

Using metal pins, a mauerlat in the form of a wooden beam with a cross-section of 50x150 mm is attached to the top row of the masonry. The distance between the studs should not be more than 120 cm. Outer trusses are installed on the mauerlat, which form pediments. For ease of installation, the rafters are assembled on the ground and then raised for installation. All elements should be connected to each other using metal fasteners and overlays. Installed truss structure covered with a waterproofing membrane, on top of which the sheathing is placed. The selected roofing material is attached to it.

Next, you insulate the outer surface of the walls of the dacha building with your own hands using the selected material. Most often, foam boards are used, which are glued using a special compound. Slopes of windows and doors should be strengthened using aluminum angles. Next, the insulation is covered with an adhesive mass 3-4 mm thick, into which the reinforcing mesh is embedded. After the surface has completely dried, which occurs after 48 hours, the walls are plastered and painted. They can also be sheathed with siding or corrugated sheets, which will give the structure a more aesthetic appearance.

Other options for block material for building a shed

Alternative foam concrete blocks– wood concrete. It is often used for construction utility rooms. The material is characterized by increased strength, high vapor permeability, low thermal conductivity, and resistance to rodents and mold. At the same time, in comparison with foam concrete, it is less fragile. The material has low frost resistance and moisture resistance.

To build a 3 by 3 m shed with your own hands, you can use brick. The material is reliable, moisture-resistant, fire-resistant, durable and resistant to rodents and mold. Having an attractive appearance, walls made of brick do not require subsequent cladding. However, brick has a high cost. Bricklaying is a labor-intensive process. In addition, the material is characterized by significant weight, which requires the construction of a reliable base, and this will entail additional costs.

To construct an outbuilding, you can use stone from a quarry, which is laid on a cement-sand mortar. Such a structure cannot be called warm, so it requires additional insulation from the inside with mineral wool. The outer surface of the walls can be covered with clapboard.

How to make a barn for your dacha from logs, beams or sleepers

You can build a barn with your own hands from logs or timber. The material is characterized by high thermal insulation properties, so it can be used to equip a workshop or place for year-round keeping of animals. The service life of the structure can reach 70 years. The assembly of the structure must be carried out by specialists to eliminate the possibility of errors and blunders in the work.

Important! Firewood should not be stored in a log or lumber shed because there is insufficient ventilation in the room to dry the heating oil.

To erect a building on suitable for a dacha timber with a section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. The elements are laid on a strip or column foundation. The first crown is treated with an antiseptic. The bars are cut to half the width of the product, which ensures good grip. The length of the elements must match the width of the wall. In logs, recesses are made in the shape of a semicircle or angle along the entire length. Between the rows it is necessary to lay a layer insulation material. Tow or jute is used for this. To ensure structural strength, the crowns must be connected to each other with dowels, which is clearly shown in the photo of barns made of timber.

The shed can be made from old wooden sleepers. Such a structure will be solid and durable. The walls are built by stacking sleepers on top of each other. In the corners, the elements are tied using steel staples, which are driven into the upper edges of the beams, connecting the joined crowns. Along the perimeter, staples are driven into the side faces of the elements.

There is another installation option. To do this, one part of the sleepers is dug into the ground along the perimeter of the building. The remaining elements are cut at the ends with a chainsaw so as to form a spike. A groove is formed on the pillars by hammering two beams onto the sleepers. Next, sleepers are inserted into the prepared grooves. The elements are fixed together using brackets.

Prefabricated barn for a summer residence: design features

A prefabricated shed is made from individual elements according to the principle of a designer. The cost of such a structure will exceed the costs required for the construction of a frame or block structure. The buildings are characterized by mobility and high speed of construction. Do-it-yourself prefabricated shed (photos clearly demonstrate different variants) can be made on the basis of:

• sandwich panels;
• SIP panels;
• plastic panels.

SIP panels consist of two layers of wood, between which insulation is placed. Sandwich panels have the same structure, only metal sheets are located on the sides of the insulating material.

The first stage of assembling the structure involves creating a frame. Then they attach to it typical elements, specially manufactured for a specific construction option. The assembly of the structure is carried out on the basis of detailed instructions with a drawing.

SIP panels can be made independently. For this you will need OSB boards, foam plastic, glue and wooden beams. Assembly takes place according to the “sandwich” principle. On an OSB sheet laid flat, apply adhesive composition. Foam plastic is laid on it in such a way that there is free space along the contour of the product for the joining beam. Glue is applied to the insulation, and then the second sheet is laid. The load is distributed evenly over the entire area on top of the resulting structure.

Plastic shed for a summer residence: characteristics of the structure

This beautiful shed is made from frost-resistant composite plastic, which is characterized by strength, wear resistance, reliability and practicality. The material is resistant to sunlight, moisture, is not subject to corrosion and attack by harmful insects, and mold and mildew do not form on it. Despite its light weight, such a structure can withstand constant and long-term loads. For a long service life, plastic, unlike wood, does not need to be treated with special compounds. At correct use such a building will last at least 15 years.

The roof ridge is made from transparent material, making the room bright during the day. The design is characterized by passive ventilation, which ensures the unhindered movement of air masses inside the barn, so that the air does not stagnate and the room remains dry. The service life of the structure is about 25 years. The plastic structure is suitable for creating a workshop or storage area for garden tools. It is not recommended to use this building for keeping animals, due to its small area and lack of insulation.

Modern models of plastic sheds for summer cottages - the photos clearly confirm this - attract attention with their neat and stylish appearance. Such a shed can become a real decoration of a summer cottage. This design can be assembled without outside help in 2 hours. The work is carried out without the use of additional fasteners, complex tools or welding. There is no need to build a foundation for this structure. The object is mobile, which makes it possible to transport the structure to a new location.

Helpful advice! You should not move a plastic shed frequently, as its fastenings will become loose, as a result of which the structure will lose its proper strength and reliability.

Ready-made shed in the form of a container: compact and functional structure

Today you can buy ready-made metal shed for a container type cottage. The basis of such a monoblock structure is a rigid metal frame, sheathed on the sides with metal with an insulating layer where the electrical wiring is laid. This shed looks like a container.

The internal contents of different models may vary significantly. There are models with shelves in a barn, which resembles a pantry. Some designs are equipped with a canopy to create an open terrace. It is possible to purchase a ready-made shed for a summer residence with a toilet and shower. Multifunctional containers are recommended to be used as a small country house while the main building is being built. The container can be sold later.

For installation finished design no foundation construction required. It can be placed on concrete slab. The container is delivered ready-made and installed using a truck crane. Such sheds have a high cost and not very attractive appearance, which is compensated by the durability and practicality of the structure.

Animal sheds: design features and requirements for them

Animal sheds belong to a separate category of outbuildings, which are subject to special requirements. The building for domestic animals should be well ventilated. This is primarily due to the large amount of animal droppings located indoors. It is chemically active and releases ammonia. The consistency of droppings and the speed at which they dry out vary for different animal species. The barn can be additionally equipped with a place for storing litter and manure, which are valuable fertilizers.

The location of the livestock shed on the site is strictly regulated by regulatory documentation. The structure must withstand significant loads and mechanical influences. This especially applies to cowsheds. You should also take into account that some species of animals like to chew wood. Therefore, you should not build a shed from wood additionally impregnated with bactericidal and water-repellent compounds, which can be destructive for some species of animals.

For chickens, the building must be made of chemical-resistant material and equipped with good ventilation. For pigs, a prefabricated one is suitable wooden shed for a summer residence with a reinforced frame. A wooden shed is not advisable for goats. The barn should be warm and secure. It can be done on a strip foundation made of block material with subsequent insulation.

A shed in the country is irreplaceable multifunctional building, which can be built from any building material. The installation technology directly depends on the purpose of the building, its size and the financial capabilities of the owners. To build a shed in a country house, the price of which will depend on the type of building, it is important to use high-quality material and follow the algorithm of actions when constructing a structure of the chosen type. If you have good financial resources, you can purchase a ready-made mobile shed for a turnkey summer cottage in the form of a container or a set of structural parts for self-assembly.

Video “How to build a shed cheaply with your own hands”

A utility block is any room on a country site that is not intended for residential needs. You can provide such an extension with a functional load depending on your own preferences: as a rule, it is convenient to store conservation goods here, place garden tools, equip a workshop and Summer shower and so on. Some owners country houses They prefer to equip storage here for harvest during field work.

If you have a lot of work in the garden, you simply cannot do without a small summer “relaxation room”. Here you can always take a shower and lie down in the cool, store unnecessary equipment and work clothes. If you spend most of your time in the carpentry workshop, you need to equip an additional room. Summer cuisine- another functional option that is suitable for housewives who are accustomed to making preparations for the winter in specially designated rooms.

We build a utility block from foam blocks: quickly, efficiently!

Structures made from foam blocks fit perfectly into the landscape design of any country house. If the main buildings on the site are made of this building material, you know how effective it is during installation, economical and convenient when carrying out finishing activities. The optimal size and weight of the blocks allow us to reduce construction time and save the overall budget. Its dimensions are an excellent option for the rapid construction of a structure with perfectly adjusted geometry, allowing finishing to be carried out at a high professional level.

On initial stage it is necessary to determine the location of the object. Experts recommend planning the construction behind the residential sector so as not to attract attention and not introduce dissonance into the overall design style of the site. If you decide to use an extension to create a certain accent in landscape design, then you may not follow generally accepted standards. Consultations with our specialists will help you find the best option. You should not plan to build a utility block in a low-lying part: this is where water will accumulate in large quantities in the autumn and spring.

Choosing a construction strategy: from design to operation mode

A competent approach to determining the specifics of the project will allow you to accurately calculate the functional load. As a rule, for economic needs use standard projects. We offer various options design, with the help of which you can quickly solve work problems and effectively complement the overall style of the site. This option is economical and effective, designed for customers with any financial capabilities and preferences.

If you have not finally decided on the modification and functionality of the utility unit at the initial stage of work, the project may be changed during the implementation of construction activities. A strong foundation means unnecessary effort when constructing a building of this type. As a rule, in such work a strip-type foundation is planned: the site is prepared, recesses are made, which are filled with building mixture.

The construction of wooden formwork has a special role: it is installed just above the ground surface. After pouring concrete, the principle is determined: corners are formed (as in brick construction), foam blocks are placed on cement mortar or construction adhesive. In this case, care should be taken to ensure that the laying is carried out smoothly, in accordance with the technical requirements.

Despite the fact that foam block and brick construction They have a lot in common, but there are differences. Seam size is visually distinguishable depending on use Supplies(standard cement and glue give different joint thicknesses). The rows in such work are interlocked with metal mortgages (which is common in construction brick house). This makes it possible to achieve super-strength wall structures.

The simplicity of masonry is due to the specifics of the building material: the convenient shape and lightness of the structure reduce energy costs and save time. This approach guarantees overall savings in the event budget (salaries of specialists, transport and logistics costs, etc.).

Arranging a lintel over a door requires special skill. As a rule, one of several methods is used here: the most common method is using concrete mortar. Our specialists will help you carry out the phased construction of utility blocks, providing the necessary information on cooperation issues.