Copy device for a lathe. Wood lathes

Lathes and copying machines are used to make many identical parts, for example, balusters for stair railings, fence posts, etc. You can make a functional design with your own hands, using devices that are unnecessary on the farm.

Making a lathe

homemade turning and copying machine

The most primitive model lathe made from conventional drill. But this is not the only solution. Main parts of the future device:

  • bed;
  • front and rear pillars (headstocks);
  • electric motor;
  • master and slave centers;
  • tool rest.

The bed is the base for placing all elements and mechanisms. Therefore, it is made of thick timber or metal. The headstock is securely fixed to the base; the part will be attached to it. The front pillar houses a device that transmits movement from the electric motor to the driving center and then to the part.

The rear post (headstock) moves along a guide on the bed; it holds the free end of the workpiece. A tool rest is placed between the headstocks. The headstocks must be positioned strictly along a single axis.

For a do-it-yourself machine, an electric motor with a power of 200 - 250 W, with a speed of no more than 1500, is suitable. If you plan to process large parts, a more powerful motor is required.

A faceplate is placed on the electric motor pulley, which secures large workpieces. The faceplate contains points on which the part is pressed. The opposite end of the part is fixed with a corner.

To turn a regular lathe into a copying machine, you need additional device- copier

The basis of the copier will be an unnecessary manual router. It is placed on a surface made of 12 mm plywood, the size of the platform is 20 x 50 cm. Holes are made in the platform for fasteners and cutters, and stops are installed - bars for fixing the cutter. The router is placed between the clamps and secured with a pair of large nails.

The remote part of the platform moves along the frame along a guide - a pipe. Its ends are fixed in wooden blocks. The bars are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws. When fixing the pipe, you must use a level and align the axis of the pipe with the center of the machine. Before installation, a pair of bars with holes are put on the pipe and can be easily moved along the guide. A platform on which the router is placed is attached to the bars.

Second important element installed with your own hands directly on the lathe - a block in a horizontal position on which the templates will be attached. A 7 x 3 cm beam is suitable; it is attached to the vertical stands with self-tapping screws. The stands are screwed to the frame. The top surface of the block must clearly coincide with the axis of the machine.

When the copier is not in use, the block is dismantled, the platform with the milling cutter is moved back and the machine turns into a regular lathe.

The stop is made of thick plywood and is attached to work surface. In fact, the stop plays the role of a copier in this design. It is fixed vertically and fixed to the end of the working surface on a transition beam made of wood. The copier can be removed, it is installed on the stand with self-tapping screws. The stand must be fixed firmly, without the possibility of removal.

The templates are made of plywood and are screwed to the front surface of the block using self-tapping screws. The upper surface of the beam should be aligned with the axis of the template.

Disadvantages of the proposed design

  • The working surface with the router has to be moved with both hands, since during operation it warps and jams;
  • you can only copy enough simple elements, for example, it is impossible to repeat twisted patterns on posts;
  • to move the cutter it is more convenient to provide a screw drive;
  • It’s better to replace the cutter with a circular saw; such a device will be more universal.

Videos demonstrating the operation of homemade turning and copying machines:

Wood lathe with copier: prices and characteristics

Copy wood lathe CL-1201

The CL-1201 machine is used in manufacturing industries for turning rounded products with a diameter of up to 1200 mm and processing cylindrical parts. Wide range of possibilities For processing, clamps are provided: faceplate, chuck, centers.

Features of the lathe:

  • The heavy spindle is equipped with a device that controls the rotation speed, which allows high-quality processing of workpieces based on weight, dimensions, and type of wood.
  • The spindle can change the direction of rotation, providing good processing wood of any density.
  • The lathe is controlled and configured from a portable console, which, at the user’s request, can be placed on the front or rear column.
  • The stability of the machine is ensured by a frame made of steel, and the rear columns are made of cast iron. This ensures minimal vibration during operation and improves the quality of processing.
  • The base allows you to process workpieces up to 1270 mm long, and to increase it you can use additional sections up to 1270 mm.
  • The copying mechanism is included in the basic package, which significantly expands the possibilities.
  • The milling attachment allows you to produce longitudinal grooves along the entire length of the workpiece.
  • The mobile support moves over the entire surface of the part. Control is carried out by a flywheel. The processing depth is adjusted by lever
  • With the help of a tailstock, the machining accuracy of long parts increases.
  • The degree of protection of the machine is IP54, the engine is reliably protected from overheating and overload, and electronic parts are protected from moisture and dust.

The standard package includes:

  • Copier and template holder.
  • Knife support 254 mm.
  • Mounting washer 254 mm.
  • Rotating center.
  • 2 straight cutters
  • Chisel stand.
  • Mobile rest.
  • Devices for regulating spindle speed.

Copy wood lathe CL-1201A

The device is manufactured by the Austrian company Stomana, which has been supplying equipment for more than 20 years. The device is intended for processing wood and rounding products up to 1270 mm long, made of materials of different densities. The copier is supplied in a basic configuration; it is used to produce products according to the sample.

Lathe Features:

Included in delivery lathe includes:

  • Copier and stand for templates.
  • Knife support.
  • Mechanism for applying spiral channels.
  • Rotating center.
  • Leading center with a diameter of 20 mm.
  • Fastening washer.
  • 2 incisors.
  • Stand for lunette.

Copy wood lathe KTF-7

The KTF-7 turning device is used for processing wood on stationary and rotating workpieces. Equipment uses disc milling tool. which increases productivity and service life. This scheme allows you to obtain parts that cannot be made on a conventional lathe:

  • Profile polyhedra.
  • Surfaces with helical profile.
  • Profile grooves on the product.

Work on a turning device is carried out according to a template with automatic feeding of the workpiece in two passes. When moving forward, roughing occurs; when moving backwards, finishing occurs. Semi-automatic operation increases productivity and the number of irregularities on the wood surface during processing. The device is equipped with a mount for a hand cutter.

  • Voltage - 380V.
  • The maximum length of the part is 1200 mm.
  • Center height - 215 mm.
  • Weight - 740 kg.
  • Dimensions - 2100x900x1049 mm.

A homemade copier for a lathe is easy to make

Very often the file holder (handle), chair leg and much more break down. To cope with this problem, a little help homemade device for a wood lathe - a homemade copier for a lathe.

Read also an interesting article on the topic - DIY woodworking machines. Now let's continue:

What does a copier consist of?

The basis of the copier is the upper and lower carriages, both of which move along guides. The upper carriage moves in the transverse direction, and the lower one in the longitudinal direction. And their connection must be strong enough. The upper carriage has the main part of the copier, the so-called cutter. It is installed on a small wheel (roller).

When using the copier, the wheel moves along the copier slot, using it as a guide, and the upper carriage on which the cutter is mounted moves behind it. Moving in this way, the cutter repeats the path laid by the wheel, and accordingly the contour of the copier. All these actions process the workpiece installed on the lathe. A very simple and original way.

Manufacturing and assembly of the carriage

Both carriages should move quite easily along the guides indicated by them, while the formation of backlash must be avoided. To do this, a drawing is created with the specified allowable dimensions. When making a copier, strictly follow the data from the drawing. If you cannot make a drawing yourself, there are a whole lot of them on the Internet.

Correct and quality work The copier depends on precise assembly and manufacturing.

The finished device is attached between two headstocks (front and rear) to the cushion, which in turn is attached to the frame using a screw.

In each workpiece, it is necessary to punch (make a recess) the center at the end on one side. This is necessary to install the workpiece clearly in the center of the tailstock. On the other side, slots should be made, the depth of which is 6 mm. This slot fits onto a comb mounted on the headstock. Ultimately you should end up with a fixed system between the two headstocks.

Using the handwheel handle, move the cutter all the way to the right side. Then, with the machine turned on, gradually move the cutter towards the workpiece, tightening the nut. While rotating the flywheel, pay attention to the operation of the cutter. It is he who will give the workpiece the shape of a copier. After the cutter reaches the end point of the headstock, it is necessary to cut off the finished product. To do this, push the cutter nut forward.

This describes the operation of a manual drive, but the same copier can be made for a machine with a reversible motor.

More on the topic:

How to make a homemade metal lathe Homemade milling machine wood Milling cutter - What are the types of cutters for a lathe? We study the main components of a milling or lathe

File handles often break. A small adaptation to a wood lathe helped out the young craftsmen of school No. 1139 in the Babushkinsky district of Moscow. This is a copier for a lathe. Handles for files made on it are not inferior to ready-made ones.

The main components of a copier for a lathe are the lower and upper carriages. Both move along guides. The lower one is in the longitudinal direction, and the upper one is in the transverse direction. The carriages are firmly connected to each other. A small roller is installed on the upper carriage, which carries the main working body of the copier - the cutter.

1 - base of the device, 2 - cushion, 3 - guides of the lower carriage, 4 - squares, 5 - bushings, 6 - lower carriage, 7 - guides of the upper carriage, 8 - square, 9 - nut, 10 - square of the lower post, 11 - stand, 12 - upper stand square, 13 - copier (of two plates with a figured cutout), 14 - shaft, 15 - upper carriage, 16 - copier stand, 17 - nut, 18 - roller, 19 - nut for screw 14, 20 - flywheel, 21 - cutter nut, 22 - cutter, 23 - square, 24 - washer 60x40x5, 25 - screw M10X165x10, 26 - wing nut M10, 27 - corner of the lower carriage, 28 - lock for the nut. 29 - M6 screw (4 pcs.), 30 - M6 nuts (8 pcs.), 31 - M5 nuts (4 pcs.), 32 - M6x12 screws (4 pcs.), 33 - M5X10 screws (4 pcs.).

When the device operates, the roller moves along the copier slot as if along a guide and leads the upper carriage with the cutter. The cutter, repeating the line of movement of the roller, and therefore the line of the copier, processes the workpiece mounted on the lathe. Original and simple.
Before you start making your copier, we want to
warn you about the precision of manufacturing and assembly of both carriages. They should move easily and at the same time without play along their guides. To do this, you must maintain the tolerances indicated on the drawings.
From correct production and correct assembly depends on the success of the entire device and the quality finished products.
The device is installed on a wood lathe between the headstock and tailstock. It itself is attached to pillow 2, and the pillow is attached to the machine bed with a thumbscrew (parts 25 and 26).
Having square or round pieces of the required length, previously cut on a circular saw, you must first find the centers at their ends. The center at one end must be punched, that is, a depression must be made in it. It is needed to install the headers in the center of the tailstock. From the other end of the workpiece, use a hacksaw to make a slot in the center to a depth of 5-6 mm. With this slot you will place the workpiece on the headstock comb. The result is a permanent connection between the headstock and the workpiece.
When the workpiece is installed in the lathe, move the copier cutter by rotating the flywheel handle to the right side until it stops.
Turn on the machine and, tightening nut 21, feed the cutter to the workpiece. Now, when you rotate the flywheel, you will see how the cutter starts working. It will shape the pen according to the copier. And its shape can be different depending on the tool for which the handle is made. For files you need handles of one shape, for chisels - another, for awls - a third. In our device, the copier is made for a standard handle of medium files.
Once the cutter reaches the end of the headstock, push the cutter nut forward and it will cut the finished handle.
Our device, as you noticed, operates by hand drive. But it is quite possible to install a reversible engine. Decide for yourself how to do this.
The processing of the handle depends on the rotation speed of the lathe spindle and on the smallest allowances on the workpiece. Therefore, depending on this, the cutter makes one, two, or even three passes over the workpiece.

S. KOKOREV
Supplement to UT 1981 No. 10

Copier for wood lathe with manual router

Copier for wood lathe with manual router

We suggest you make your own copier with minimal costs according to time, the machine can be started in " industrial production» turned parts by evening. The “cutting tool” will be a manual milling cutter; the technical characteristics of the parts being manufactured depend on technical characteristics wood lathe. Despite the fact that the copier is made using plywood, it can produce up to hundreds of products from one copier, you will agree that this quantity is quite enough to fulfill most wholesale orders.

The device doesn’t look exactly “attractive”; from a design point of view, but we did not set ourselves such a task. We tried to make our “equipment9raquo; as simple as possible to manufacture and more or less reliable. Which is what happened in the end. How is a copier made? Let's get to know him better.

Homemade copier at work

An ordinary hand-held milling cutter is used for the cutting tool; the specific model does not matter. Place the router on the support platform, our platform dimensions are 500×200 mm, made of sheet plywood 12 millimeters thick. You can slightly increase or decrease the linear parameters of the site depending on the size of the hand cutter. On the site, make holes for the cutter to exit and holes for installing mounting bolts. In order to completely eliminate unauthorized spontaneous movements of the cutter during operation, we advise you to install additional stop bars around the perimeter on the site, secure the bars with self-tapping screws, the length of the screws is selected taking into account the thickness of the fixing bars.

The router must be installed between the stop bars, check the reliability of its fixation, any vibrations are completely eliminated. The far end of the site should “drive9raquo; along the pipe for the entire length of the wood lathe, we used a Ø 25 mm pipe, you can use other pipes for making. The main thing is that they can withstand the weight of the router without bending, that they are absolutely flat and have a perfectly smooth surface. Secure the ends of the pipe with two wooden blocks; in our case, 80x35 mm blocks were used. Screw the bars to the body of the lathe using metal screws; you do not have to cut threads for the bolts. If your machine design does not allow you to fasten the bars in this way, then solve this problem in your own way.

Platform for the router

Installation of the main structural elements of a homemade copier

Strong advice - do not rush during the manufacture of equipment, turned parts for a copier are not even forgiving the slightest violation not only technology, but also the location of the working axes. It follows from this that the axis of the pipe along which the milling cutter will move must be perfectly parallel to the axis of rotation of the lathe. We naturally found that the axis of the pipe coincided with the axis of the machine, but this condition is not necessary. The main thing is that the cutting tool of the cutter in its lowest position coincides with the axis of the machine, and this parameter can be adjusted by the level of the copier.

The pipe is fixed in the blind holes of the bars; before fixing it, you need to put two bars on it, on which the bearing platform of the router will be installed. Important condition- the bars for the platform should slide easily along the guide pipe, but wobbling is prohibited. Check this parameter and, if necessary, manually lap the pipe and bars. Then attach the router support pad to the bars and install the router on it. Check the smoothness of sliding again, making sure that there is no wobble at all. Don’t be afraid of such “strict” ones. sliding quality requirements. If you have a pipe with a normal surface and completely flat, then achieving smooth sliding is not difficult.

Installation of a horizontal bar

This is the second “worker” element of a homemade copier; in terms of installation accuracy, you must comply with all the above requirements. The profile template of the parts is attached to the horizontal bar. A 70×30 mm block is quite suitable for manufacturing; it is attached with self-tapping screws to vertical wooden posts; fix the posts in any convenient way to the lathe bed. The upper edge of the horizontal bar must be parallel to the axis of the machine and be flush with it. If the copier becomes temporarily unnecessary, the block can be easily removed, the mounting platform for the router tilts to the rearmost position and the wood lathe can be used for its intended purpose.

Both in production and at home, there is often a need to make a part whose shape and dimensions are completely identical to the original sample. At enterprises, this problem is solved using a device such as a copy-milling machine, which allows you to produce copies of the original part in large series, differs high speed, as well as the quality of the processing performed.

What is the milling process?

Copy-milling machines and any other equipment of the milling group can be found on almost any industrial enterprise. This is explained by the fact that the milling operation is one of the most common methods used to perform machining. This technology allows you to perform a wide range of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing operations with simple and shaped workpieces made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and to work on wood and plastic. On modern milling equipment with high accuracy and productivity, even the most complex shaped parts are processed.

There are two main types of milling: counter (feed and rotation of the tool are in different directions) and down milling (the tool rotates in the same direction as the feed). The cutting part of tools performing milling is made of various materials, which makes it possible not only to successfully work on wood, but also to process (including grinding) even the hardest metals and alloys, artificial and natural stone.

Milling equipment is divided into two types: general purpose and specialized, which includes a copy-milling machine.

Capabilities of copy-milling equipment

The copying machine, which belongs to the milling group, is designed for copy-milling work with flat and three-dimensional parts. In addition, such a device can be used to engrave shaped profiles, apply inscriptions and patterns (even of high complexity) to products, and carry out light milling operations on wood and other materials.

Using tools with cutting parts made of various materials, parts made of cast iron are processed on copy milling machines, different varieties steel and non-ferrous metals. Such devices for producing parts in small and large batches successfully produce blades for turbojet engines and steam turbines, propellers for ships, cutting and forging dies, impellers for hydraulic turbines, molds for pressing and casting, molds, etc.

A copy-milling machine performs technological operations that are practically inaccessible to universal equipment. The operating principle of such a machine is based on the copying method, for which a special template is used. Using a template excludes human factor when processing even the most complex parts, due to which all finished products have the same shape and geometric dimensions. Conveniently, one template can be used to accurately manufacture a large batch of parts that will be completely identical to each other.

In order to copy the shape and dimensions of the template as accurately as possible, a copier (pantograph for a router) is installed on a copy-milling machine. The purpose of such a device is to accurately transfer all movements from the copy head to the cutting tool.

How does a copy milling machine work?

Copy-milling machines, as mentioned above, are used for planar (processing of profiles) and volumetric (processing of reliefs) milling. They use cutters as a working tool, which, when processing the contour or volumetric surface of a part, repeat the movements of the copier. The connection between the working body and the tracking system in manual machines is ensured by mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic elements, necessary to generate the force transmitted from the copier to the working body of the copy-milling machine.

The template on such machines is a flat contour or spatial model, a standard part or contour drawings, and the element that reads the shape and dimensions of the template is a copying finger or roller, a special probe, or a photocell. To make a template, you can use an aluminum sheet or a sheet of other metal, plastic or wood. The template and the workpiece are located on the rotating work table of the machine.

The working body of copy-milling equipment comes into motion thanks to such structural elements, such as a screw, spool valve, solenoid, differential or magnetic clutch. Relays installed in the amplification devices of copy-milling machines can be electromagnetic, hydraulic or electro-optical.

The quality of the workpiece (surface roughness, accuracy of shape and size) depends on such a parameter as the speed of movement of the tracking device. In this case, the following characteristics of the finished product can be achieved: roughness – No. 6, profile accuracy – 0.02 mm. The main elements of the executive circuit of such equipment are Electrical engine and hydraulic cylinder.

A pantograph installed on copy-milling equipment ensures copying at a given scale. The pantograph structure consists of a guide pin, its axis, a tool spindle and a separate axis of rotation. The spindle and guide pin are located on the same rail, the ratio of the arms of which determines the copying scale.

Moving along the contour of the template, the finger sets in motion the rack, which rotates freely on an axis. Accordingly, on the other side of the rack, the machine spindle makes identical movements, processing the workpiece. On do-it-yourself copy-milling machines, such a device will also not be superfluous; its presence significantly increases the functionality of the equipment.

Types of copy-milling machines

The equipment of a copy-milling machine may include drives various types. Based on this parameter, the following are distinguished:

  • equipment with a pantograph (suitable for processing parts in 2–3 dimensions);
  • devices with a copier mounted on a rotary rack moving in a vertical plane;
  • single and multi-spindle machines equipped with rotary tables round or rectangular shape;
  • machines, the feed on which is ensured by mechanical, electrical, hydraulic devices;
  • photocopying equipment.

A homemade copying machine can be any of these types (including copying and grinding machines). You just need to find drawings on the Internet and select components.

According to the degree of automation and the method of fixing the workpiece, the following categories of copy-milling machines are distinguished:

  • manual or tabletop, on which the workpiece is fixed mechanically(on these devices you can drill holes various shapes according to the template);
  • automatic equipment of a stationary type, the workpieces on which are fixed using pneumatic clamps (such machines work with aluminum);
  • automatic equipment of a stationary type with pneumatic clamps, on which a three-spindle head is installed (on these copy-milling machines, triple holes are simultaneously drilled, which does not allow the production of units of the two previous types).

How does a copy milling machine work?

As noted above, on a copy-milling machine the workpiece is processed using a master device - a copier. All movements of the copier along the contour or surface of the template are transmitted thanks to a special (copying) device to the working head of the machine in which the cutter is fixed. Thus, the cutting tool exactly repeats all the movements made by the copier used to equip the router.

The movements of the elements of a copy-milling machine during the processing of a part are divided into main (rotation and movement of the spindle when cutting the tool into the workpiece material, movement along the contour of the work table and slide) and auxiliary (movement of the spindle head, slide and table in accelerated mode, as well as installation movements made by the tracer table, the copying finger, the stops and the clamp that secures the spindle head).

In copy milling machines working on aluminum, two tracking schemes can be implemented: simple action and action with feedback. When implementing the scheme direct action the working part of the machine makes movements due to the fact that it is rigidly connected to the copier. The reverse action scheme does not provide for such a connection and movements from the copier to the working element are transmitted not directly, but through a tracking system.

As mentioned above, contour and volumetric milling is performed on copy milling machines. When contour milling, the movements of the copier occur in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the tool. In the first case, the movement of the equipment working table can only be longitudinal, and the cutter and copying finger move vertically. In the second case, the table moves both longitudinally and transversely. In volumetric milling, the part is processed in stages - thanks to several movements of the table and tool performed in parallel planes.

The direct action scheme can also be implemented through a pantograph, which allows you to reduce the size of finished products in relation to the size of the template used (scale). Most often, such an additional device, which is easy to make yourself, is installed on machines used for engraving and light milling work.

Another variation of a self-made machine

How to make a copy milling machine with your own hands

Many home craftsmen would like to purchase a copy-milling machine to equip their workshop, but the cost of such equipment is quite high. Meanwhile, having the desire, having spent not so much time, effort and financial resources, you can make such equipment yourself.

Naturally, homemade copy-milling equipment cannot be compared with professional ones in terms of power, reliability and functionality, but such machines can also make high-quality copies, work with wood and process workpieces from other materials. Many people try to attach a copying device to an existing one, but this is impractical, since it would require redoing almost the entire machine. As practice shows, it is better to assemble your homemade copy-milling machine from scratch, selecting the appropriate components for this.

The photo below shows an example homemade machine with a video supplement. The creator of the machine narrates the story in English, but in principle everything is quite clear even without translation.

The easiest way to make a copy-milling device with your own hands is by standard scheme, which includes load-bearing structure– frame, work table and milling head. The drive to ensure the rotation of the working tool is an electric motor that transmits movement through a two-stage mechanism, allowing two speeds to be obtained. Desktop of this homemade device can be adjusted in height.

Many of those who have made a copy-milling machine with their own hands note that when changing operating modes, such equipment begins to show a lot of shortcomings. The most common of these shortcomings are vibrations of the machine frame, curvature of the workpiece and its deflection, poor-quality copying, etc. To avoid such problems, it is best to make the copy-milling device highly specialized and immediately configure it to process workpieces of the same type. This is explained by the fact that it is almost impossible to take into account all the shortcomings that will arise in universal equipment when changing operating modes.

Making a lathe copy with your own hands is not the most difficult task. But in order to achieve the desired result in terms of quality and efficiency, you will have to make some efforts. You will find it useful detailed drawing, a copy template and a few hours of free time. We offer you a version of a copier machine based on a hand milling cutter as a cutting tool.

The proposed copier for your lathe requires little financial, time and labor costs. This is what attracts him a large number of craftsmen who need a copier for a lathe.

The cutting device will be a hand router. At the same time, the operational capabilities of the copier directly depend on the characteristics of the turning equipment itself.

You should not count on the attractiveness of the design of a device you create yourself, since its main task is to create copies according to a template without unnecessary energy consumption.

The device of the machine with a copier

  • To begin with, to create a lathe with a tracer, you will need a hand router. Choose its type yourself, depending on the planned work;
  • The router is mounted on a support platform with dimensions of approximately 50 by 20 centimeters. It can be made from 12 mm thick plywood sheets;
  • At your request, the copying machine can have a larger or smaller platform. The dimensions largely depend on the parameters of the selected router;
  • On the support platform, make holes through which the routers will come out;
  • Holes for fastenings are also made here. It is optimal to use bolts as fasteners;
  • Thrust bars located around the perimeter and fixed with self-tapping screws will provide protection against accidental movements of the cutter when processing products;
  • Having installed the cutter support between the bars, make sure that it is securely fixed and there is no vibration or play;
  • Far end support platform must be able to move along the guide pipe along the entire length of the turning equipment;
  • Use a guide pipe with a diameter of 25 millimeters, or adapt it to your machine parameters;
  • The main condition when choosing pipes is that they must cope with the loads from the weight of the router, not sag, and maintain an even, smooth surface;
  • Secure the ends of the pipes with a pair of wooden blocks of a suitable size;
  • The bars are mounted to the machine body with self-tapping screws or through bolts.


Installation of structural elements

In order for a lathe with a copier to work efficiently, and the copying process does not raise quality issues, do not rush in any case. It is precisely the rush that prevents craftsmen from making a really good copier for a lathe with their own hands.

Having studied the drawing on the basis of which you decided to build a copier with your own hands, stick to the suggested dimensions. If you make even a small error, the copying technology may be completely disrupted and the working axes may be disrupted.

To prevent anything like this from happening, follow a few important rules.

  1. The axis of the pipe intended for moving the router must be exactly parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  2. The coincidence of the pipe axis and the machine axis is also an important plus, although this condition is not mandatory.
  3. The main point is the coincidence of the milling cutter in the lowest position with the axis of the turning device. This parameter is controlled and changed as necessary due to the level of placement of the copier.
  4. Fix the guide pipe through the blind holes of the wooden blocks. But immediately before fixing, place two bars on the pipe on which you plan to install the supporting platform.
  5. The wooden blocks for the load-bearing platform must move very easily, or rather slide along the guide pipe. If loosening is noticed, the copying unit will have to be redone.

Many fear the moment when increased demands are placed on gliding. But making a machine with such operating parameters is not difficult if you use an even, smooth pipe.

Horizontal bars

The next step is to install the horizontal wooden block, which is the second most important operating component of your lathe with a tracer.

  • Adhere to similar precision requirements as in the operations described above;
  • The horizontal beam is connected to the workpiece profile template;
  • To make a block with your own hands, you can use a workpiece measuring 7 by 3 millimeters and fix it with self-tapping screws to the vertical posts;
  • Sami wooden racks mounted to the lathe bed using any method convenient for you;
  • Make sure that the top edge of the horizontal element is parallel to the axis of the machine and is located at the same level;
  • If at some point you don’t need the copying functionality, you can easily remove the block with your own hands, fold the mounting platform onto the edge of the machine and use the turning unit for its intended purpose without a copier;
  • A vertical stop is mounted to the milling table. A leaf will do just fine here. thin plywood. Although if you require a more durable structure, use steel sheets;
  • This element is used to move around the copier when sharpening parts. It sets the spatial position for the working milling cutter. Therefore, the copier should be fixed as securely as possible;
  • Thickness plays an important role. The thinner the vertical stop is, the more accurately the lathe can copy your template. But even if the stop is too thin, the device begins to move according to the pattern with certain difficulties. Therefore, the optimal way out of the situation is to search for an intermediate option;
  • If you use plywood to make a copier, be sure to consider using a removable design. This will allow you to easily dismantle the copier when it wears out and replace it with a new one with minimal time investment.

Sample

The last but not least important element of a lathe with a copier function is the copy template itself. It is not difficult to make, but the configuration completely depends on the parameters of the products that you want to obtain using your machine.

  • Take a sheet of plywood or OSB board;
  • Apply markings on the sheet according to the contours of the future product that you want to turn on a lathe;
  • Be sure to compare all dimensions with the required parameters;
  • Using an electric jigsaw, carefully cutting blade walk along the contours, cutting out the necessary part;
  • Finish the edges grinder or regular sandpaper. The template should not have any irregularities, burrs or nicks;
  • Secure the resulting template to the horizontal rail using self-tapping screws;
  • Carry out fixation strictly in accordance with the installation parameters.

Using drawings and video instructions, you can easily make a fairly efficient, productive copy lathe unit yourself. You just need a little patience and time.

Lathes are specialized equipment used for making wood products. It is on this machine that furniture legs are made, door handles, balusters and other wood products. There are many models of modern lathes with different prices.

Models of wood lathes

There is a large number different models lathes, they can be divided into the following types:

  • Standard machines, depending on the product, processing on such a device is carried out in the center, in a special chuck or faceplate. The equipment design includes an electric motor, a steel frame, cutters, chucks and a control system.
  • Copying tools, with their help, produce the same type of wood products in large quantities. Manually operated devices are cheaper and will be a profitable option for small industries.
  • Milling machines, on which wood processing is done along the axis of the product. The work is done using a milling cutter and a circular saw.
  • Machines for twisted flutes; the equipment can carry out standard operations, as well as figured cutting on the sides of products. Electronic control significantly simplifies the work, and the ability to simultaneously process two products increases productivity and saves time.

Copy wood lathe Proma DSL-1200

The lathe is designed for processing wooden products, turning profiles and decorative details. Feature apparatus - presence of two incisors. One is installed on a steady rest and is used for processing round workpieces, removing up to 10 mm of material in one pass. With this cutter you can make round blanks different diameters. The settings are set on a special device.

The second cutter is installed in the copying carriage and turns the parts according to the copying machine. Original mount, allows you to quickly prepare the machine for work.

For the manufacture of long products, the delivery set includes a steady rest, which is mounted on guide rods as a support and prevents deflection of the long workpiece. By installing a faceplate, the machine will allow you to process multi-faceted products.

Characteristics:

  • Voltage - 380V.
  • Center height - 215 mm.
  • Weight - 395 kg.
  • Dimensions - 2105x1000x1225 mm.

Price - 255803 rub..

4-spindle copy lathe T4M-0

Model T4M-0 is equipped with a horizontal sanding unit, which is capable of processing 4 workpieces simultaneously using a copier (lace legs of tables and chairs, musical instruments).

  • The cast bed and balanced parts eliminated vibration, increasing the processing speed of large workpieces.
  • The shaft is installed automatically at the beginning of the cycle and returns to its original position after completion of processing.
  • Pneumatic clamping on spindles.
  • Adjustable shaft feed speed.
  • Smooth adjustment of spindle speed using a block.

Characteristics:

Additional equipment:

  • 7.3 kW motor.
  • Inventory rotation speed control.
  • Expansion of working space up to 1500 mm.

Price - 49,700 rub..

Copy wood lathe CL-1201

The CL-1201 machine is used in manufacturing industries for turning rounded products with a diameter of up to 1200 mm and processing cylindrical parts. Wide possibilities for processing are provided by clamps: faceplate, chuck, centers.

Features of the lathe:

  • The heavy spindle is equipped with a device that controls the rotation speed, which allows high-quality processing of workpieces based on weight, dimensions, and type of wood.
  • The spindle can change the direction of rotation, providing good processing of wood of any density.
  • The lathe is controlled and configured from a portable console, which, at the user’s request, can be placed on the front or rear column.
  • The stability of the machine is ensured by a frame made of steel, and the rear columns are made of cast iron. This ensures minimal vibration during operation and improves the quality of processing.
  • The base allows you to process workpieces up to 1270 mm long, and to increase it you can use additional sections up to 1270 mm.
  • The copying mechanism is included in the basic package, which significantly expands the possibilities.
  • The milling attachment allows you to produce longitudinal grooves along the entire length of the workpiece.
  • The mobile support moves over the entire surface of the part. Control is carried out by a flywheel. The processing depth is adjusted by lever
  • With the help of a tailstock, the machining accuracy of long parts increases.
  • The degree of protection of the machine is IP54, the engine is reliably protected from overheating and overload, and electronic parts are protected from moisture and dust.

The standard package includes:

  • Copier and template holder.
  • Knife support 254 mm.
  • Mounting washer 254 mm.
  • Rotating center.
  • 2 straight cutters
  • Chisel stand.
  • Mobile rest.
  • Devices for regulating spindle speed.

Price - 153588 rub..

Copy wood lathe CL-1201A

The device is manufactured by the Austrian company Stomana, which has been supplying equipment for more than 20 years. The device is intended for processing wood and rounding products up to 1270 mm long, made of materials of different densities. The copier is supplied in a basic configuration; it is used to produce products according to the sample.

Included in delivery lathe includes:

  • Copier and stand for templates.
  • Knife support.
  • Mechanism for applying spiral channels.
  • Rotating center.
  • Leading center with a diameter of 20 mm.
  • Fastening washer.
  • 2 incisors.
  • Stand for lunette.

Copy wood lathe KTF-7

The KTF-7 turning device is used for processing wood on stationary and rotating workpieces. Equipment uses disc milling tool, which increases productivity and service life. This scheme allows you to obtain parts that cannot be made on a conventional lathe:

  • Profile polyhedra.
  • Surfaces with helical profile.
  • Profile grooves on the product.

Work on a turning device is carried out according to a template with automatic feeding of the workpiece in two passes. When moving forward, roughing occurs; when moving backwards, finishing occurs. Semi-automatic operation increases productivity and the number of irregularities on the wood surface during processing. The device is equipped with a mount for a hand cutter.

Characteristics:

  • Voltage - 380V.
  • The maximum length of the part is 1200 mm.
  • Center height - 215 mm.
  • Weight - 740 kg.
  • Dimensions - 2100x900x1049 mm.

The design of woodworking lathes is similar in basic parameters to metalworking equipment. They also have a front and tailstock, caliper, spindle with cutters. The purpose of the equipment depends on its weight, equipment with additional devices and automated systems management.

Construction of a woodworking lathe

The design of a wood lathe differs from that of metal lathes in that it does not require a cooling system; therefore, there is no coolant supply system. The power of a manually controlled woodworking lathe is less, but it has adjustable rotation speeds. To work on manually operated wood lathes that are not intended for the production of one type of product, use special devices– cutters and removable faceplate.

Main nodes

The faceplate serves to securely fasten the material of the maximum permissible diameter, and the cutter is used to self made on equipment that does not have a permanently installed support. They are more often used for making simple blanks for painting, turning cuttings needed on the farm for shovels, ax handles and other household utensils.

The school wood lathe gives a complete idea of ​​how you can make household items and beautiful souvenirs. A machine operating at low speeds will allow the novice master to understand the basic operating principle of all turning units and mechanisms. The skills acquired at school will help you master more complex CNC turning equipment.

One of the most common equipment in mass production in woodworking shops is a wood turning and copying machine. For its operation, devices are needed - stencils, according to the outline of which the outline of the object will be created.

Classification of woodworking machines

Many types of equipment are used in the woodworking industry. The main characteristics by which classification is made are the technological process and design features.

Technological features:

  1. Cutting;
  2. Gluing and assembly;
  3. Presses;
  4. Finishing;
  5. Dryers.

Equipment of different designs for performing the same operations may differ in operating technology.

  • Processing 1 or many items;
  • Number of threads;
  • 1-axis or 4-axis;
  • By the number of spindles;
  • Along the trajectory of movement of the processed material;
  • By the nature of the presentation.
  • By cyclicality.

The scheme of operation on a turning and copying machine is as follows:

  1. At the top of the frame, a stencil made of wood is installed on special fasteners - a copier.
  2. The rolling roller moves along outside copier
  3. By connecting the roller to the cutting tool using a rigid fastening method, the cutter accurately transfers the movement of the roller along the copier to the wood. Where there is a recess on the copier, there will be a convex element on the wood, and the protrusion on the stencil will appear as a notch in the finished wooden object.

For the production of identical elements wooden decor a machine with a copier is the most convenient solution.

A lathe on which machining is carried out using hand tools: reyer, meisel, scraper, is not particularly accurate. When making several similar parts from wood with the same density characteristics, you have to rely only on the skill of the turner and his eye, but it is still very difficult to give a 100% guarantee that they will be identical. The use of different types of wood in the production means that cutters and devices will need to be different from each other.

The wood turning and copying machine is distinguished by the accuracy of reproduction of the stored data. The copier is a kind of CNC prototype. One copier allows you to make identical things an infinite number of times, which is necessary for the manufacture of balusters for railings or legs for cabinet furniture sets. In workshops where production is on stream, it is more advisable to use CNC-equipped copying machines.

When working with wood, there is always manual process bringing details to perfection using sandpaper. Grinding is carried out at the stage while the object is secured between the lathe heads. Rotation is programmed at lower speeds than those at which cutting was performed.

Lathes are used for turning wooden elements oblong shape. The workpiece is mounted on a spindle with approximately equal weight distribution. To do this, holes are drilled in the center of the end ends of the wooden workpiece - this is necessary so that the rotation of the shaft is uniform. Most often, cylindrical wood or timber with planed corners are used. Cutting is carried out not only on the external, but also on the internal surface of the workpiece. The shapes of finished products can be complex, conical, cylindrical - symmetrical relative to the center of the product.

A desktop wood lathe equipped with a computer programming system has high precision in reproducing complex designs. It can be used to create very complex carving elements.

Classification

Lathes are divided into:

  • center ones with mechanized feed. It is possible to perform work on this equipment using manual cutting tools(when installing a special support on the bed). An oblong piece of wood is held by a spindle and a movable tailstock. The longitudinal feed of the caliper is mechanized. These machines can be used to work with a copier. When working with short, light workpieces, the tailstock fastening may not be used. During processing inside The wooden part is fastened with a faceplate. The moving elements in the operating mode on these lathes are the cutters moving along the piece of wood being processed and the rotating spindle.
  • Lathes are used to produce parts on a flat, wide wooden base. Beautiful multi-level carvings, bas-reliefs, high reliefs - this is what can be produced on machines that work with a wide faceplate, on which the workpiece is mounted. Work is carried out only on the front part of the part. The rest of the revision will be done manually.
  • round sticks process wood, giving it a shape with round. When working on this equipment, the workpieces do not rotate or move. The only moving parts of the machine are the cutter heads. There are also machines in this group for processing long products. Then they will feed the workpieces with rollers under the cutters.

Shaping wood occurs by rotating the material being processed and using a cutting tool.

Device and equipment

Woodworking lathes differ in the type of support feed and the shape of the items being manufactured.

  1. Wooden blanks not exceeding 40 cm in diameter and 1 m in length, 60 cm, are processed on a lathe with a tool rest.
  2. Lathes with mechanical support feed are adapted for processing wooden blanks with the same size restrictions as hand-cutting fixtures.
  3. The device for disc-shaped wooden blanks has the ability to place parts up to 3 m in diameter on the working surface. The thickness of the wood is limited by the parameters set by the machine manufacturer.

Diagram of a lathe with a mechanical support feed, equipped with an attached frontal device:

  • bed on 2 pedestals;
  • headstock and tailstock;
  • calipers;
  • spindle rotated by a 2-speed motor;
  • V-belt drive connecting the 3-speed gearbox to the engine;
  • a pulley mounted on the spindle drives the longitudinal slide;
  • the cutters are mounted in a rotating holder;
  • the main - transverse and additional - longitudinal supports set the direction of movement of the cutters.

When working with hand cutters It is necessary to install a tool rest on the guides of the frame. The support at this stage of processing is retracted beyond working area all the way.

Accessories for lathes Tools for wood lathes

The head device also has a rotating holder. This device is used for processing workpieces with a diameter of up to 60 cm, fixed on one side to a faceplate connected to the spindle, and fixed by the tailstock of the machine. When processing a short workpiece, the clamp may not be used, which simplifies internal processing of parts.

Wood edge cutting speed different points different, which is determined by the distance of the cutter from the axis of rotation. This is most clearly seen when working with a copier. The spindle speed is determined by the diameter of the wood material being processed and its strength.