Where should the vents be located in a warm dressing room? Proper ventilation in the bathhouse: main points

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Temperature background and high level moisture in the bath - favorable conditions for the settlement of all kinds of harmful microorganisms. These include bacteria, viruses, molds that destroy wood and the pulmonary system of bath lovers. Properly done ventilation in the bathhouse will eliminate the listed negativity. How to make it?

We will tell you everything about the rules for organizing ventilation systems intended for drying wet areas. Using reliable information will help you develop and implement an impeccable ventilation project. The data presented for consideration are based on building codes and practical experience of builders.

The article describes in detail the methods of constructing ventilation systems designed to remove water suspended in the air, drying finishes and load-bearing structures. The materials and components required for their arrangement are described. Photo applications and video tutorials will provide effective assistance in mastering a difficult topic.

The bathhouse needs regular air renewal. This is a safety requirement for people taking bath procedures. Also, proper ventilation can extend the service life to 50 years or more.

The type of ventilation system is selected individually and depends on the location, size of the structure, and materials used in construction.

Bath ventilation schemes

All existing ventilation systems according to their operating principle are divided into natural, forced and combined. In the first case, ventilation occurs due to the random intake of street air, its mixing in the room and the displacement of exhaust air through the holes in a natural way.

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If insulation takes place, then a counter-lattice must be installed to ensure ventilation between the insulation and other layers of the roof. It is also used to ventilate wall structures so that condensation does not form in the thickness of the layers.

To dry floors, use burst ventilation or install a ventilated floor. This option should be considered during the construction phase. To do this, a rough floor is made by carefully pouring concrete on a slope, and the finishing floor is laid from hardwood boards, leaving small gaps between them. This flooring ensures rapid removal of excess moisture.

It is important to properly organize ventilation in all rooms of the bathhouse. Particular attention should be paid to the washing/shower area, where high humidity threatens the formation of fungus and mold.

All rooms of the bathhouse need ventilation, including:

washing room;
dressing room/rest room;
other premises.

To arrange proper ventilation, you have to choose the optimal scheme that suits the requirements and conditions of a particular bath. It is important to remember that fresh air must enter and be removed from all rooms.

They build ventilation ducts, make supply and exhaust openings in the walls, or install an entire system of air ducts - everything is very individual

Experienced craftsmen do not recommend laying complex systems of ventilation ducts, preferring to stop at the very simple solution, suitable for a particular case. The rule here is that the simpler the better. And in terms of price, the simple option will cost several times less.

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Bath procedures are not only one of good ways maintain hygiene, but also the ability to remove accumulated harmful substances and toxins. However, for the visit to be comfortable and beneficial, a good one is necessary to exclude the possibility of the formation of fungi and mold due to high humidity. Ventilation in the bathhouse, equipped by specialists or with your own hands, will ensure an influx into the room fresh air and remove waste gases and fumes generated by the operation of the heater and the use of hot water.

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Is ventilation really necessary in a bathhouse or can it be done without it?

The functions of bath ventilation are complicated by the fact that it must facilitate the fairly rapid removal of moist air from the premises and efficiently regulate the temperature in the steam room. It is especially important to have a good exhaust system for bathhouses equipped with gas and solid fuel - to maintain the combustion process in such structures, an impressive volume of air is required. Lack of ventilation will lead to excessive concentrations of carbon dioxide, which has a negative impact on people's health and can lead to loss of consciousness.

Inexperienced craftsmen try to carefully insulate the premises, sealing the slightest cracks to increase the speed of warming up the steam room and retain heat for a longer time. However, this is the wrong approach, since ventilation holes must be present. Properly designed it allows:

create a healthy microclimate in the bathhouse;
reduce humidity concentration and quickly dry rooms;
get rid of carbon dioxide;
quickly warm up the steam room and other bath rooms;
eliminate stagnant and unpleasant odors;
get rid of pathogenic fungi and mold;
keep in original form interior decoration premises.

From the above, it becomes clear how important the installation of an exhaust system in a bathhouse is. Before making ventilation in a bathhouse, you must first learn about its types and basic installation schemes.

Effective ventilation in the bathhouse - diagram and device

Before you further understand the exhaust system and begin its arrangement, you should know that ventilation can be natural or forced. There are also differences in ventilation systems and their designs depending on their location. Well, now let's talk about everything in order.

Natural ventilation

This option is optimal for most baths, since it is the cheapest and quite effective. The placement of ventilation holes must be determined based on the size of the room, the location of the heater and shelves, as well as the material from which the bathhouse is built. Whatever the ventilation schemes in bathhouses, there is one general rule– the supply opening should be located at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor level, and the exhaust opening at the same distance, but from the ceiling.

The dimensions of the vents should be approximately 300-400 mm 2. If the air exchange is too rapid, which will cause the temperature in the steam room to drop, the ventilation openings must be covered with special control flaps. For improvement appearance It is advisable to mount on vents decorative grilles, which can easily be bought in specialized stores or made with your own hands.

However, this type of ventilation is not suitable for a steam room. All ventilation openings (inlets and outlets) must be at the same level from the floor. Thus, the incoming air flows are heated from the furnace and rise upward, while the cooled ones fall down and fall into the exhaust vents. To preserve heat in the room, the holes can be closed with special dampers.

Forced ventilation

Air is moved mechanically by installing special devices on the ventilation openings (). This will allow you to quickly refresh the air, which is very important, especially in the washing room. This ventilation option is well suited in cases where a forced exhaust system in the bathhouse has a number of advantages over the natural one:

it is possible to filter incoming air masses;
maintaining a given microclimate;
uniform distribution of heated air.

To allow large volumes of fresh air to enter the steam room, it is necessary that the ventilation openings be located diametrically to each other. When installing, you should not place the inlet and exhaust vents at the same level to avoid short circuiting of air flows, which will cause a concentration of cooled air below, and on the contrary, it will be very hot at the top.

Important! Since high humidity and high temperature are the main enemies of any electrical equipment, the fan housing must have reliable moisture protection, and the connection must be made in full accordance with the PUE.

The advantage of forced ventilation is accelerated air exchange and advanced adjustment parameters. This exhaust system is equally effective regardless of the strength and direction of the wind, as well as weather conditions.

Installation of floor ventilation in bathhouses

Floors in bathhouses are exposed to extreme conditions. The impact of moisture on the floor occurs both from below from the ground and from above. The most difficult conditions are created in the steam room, where hot steam comes into contact with wood covering floor, cooling and condensing. The resulting condensate penetrates and creates a favorable environment for the development of fungus and mold.

An effective floor ventilation scheme helps prevent the destructive effects of mold and remove excess steam. Floor ventilation can be done naturally or forced. However, for efficiency when designing ventilation system the following conditions must be adhered to:

prevent the floor from cooling during procedures;
ensure fast and effective drying, but it is important not to overdo it to prevent cracking of the wood;
The arrangement of the ventilation system must be carried out at the construction stage.

When locating ventilation vents, climate, wind conditions, terrain, sources of pollution, and internal factors– type and placement of the heater, design doorways, the presence of windows. Most often, ventilation vents are located at 3 different levels:

under floor covering or in ;
under the heating structure or at the level of its foundation;
in the wall at a distance of 350-450 mm. from the floor level (best done behind the heater).

Installing ventilation under the floors in baths has a number of advantages. In addition to eliminating condensation and improving the quality of drying the floor covering, the air flow from below does not create drafts and, therefore, ventilation can also be used during bathing procedures. For greater efficiency, it is important to properly create a drainage system to remove wastewater outside the building.

Creating air exchange in the foundation of the bathhouse

Creating an exhaust system in a bathhouse is extremely necessary, since it not only prevents the formation of mold, but also protects the building from rot. The characteristics of the ventilation system are calculated at the design stage. The type and location of bathhouse ventilation largely depends on the prevailing winds, topography and the presence of bodies of water, which often cause flooding of buildings.

You can ensure normal air circulation by installing several holes, the number and dimensions of which are calculated in accordance with the size of the bath. The diameter of the vents must be at least 110 mm. Ventilation openings are usually made opposite each other. If the building is located in a low area, tightly surrounded by other buildings, or there are natural barriers to the free movement of air flows, then vents must be installed on all sides of the foundation, since this is the only way to achieve high-quality ventilation.

Ventilation system in bathhouses in steam rooms

Traditionally, a heater stove is installed in the steam room, which forms the basis. The air from the steam room passes through the blower, which ensures good circulation. To obtain maximum outflow of air masses, the stove should be installed below the level of the finished floor, and to start the process of ventilating the room, it is enough to slightly open the window or entrance door. The disadvantage of this ventilation scheme in steam rooms is that when there is no combustion process, air circulation stops.

In addition to the heater, ventilation in the steam room is provided by additional openings with special dampers to regulate air exchange. After each bath procedure, you should open it for a while, otherwise the air in the room will be heavy and humid, and there is a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

When the stove is firing and the room is heating, the ventilation in the steam room should be closed. After the steam room has completely warmed up, the exhaust dampers can be opened. To prevent the formation of reverse draft, it is necessary at this stage to ensure that the exhaust openings are larger in area than the supply openings.

If the stove is not installed in the steam room itself, then a different ventilation scheme is used in steam Russian baths. Near at a height of 300 mm. An inlet opening is made from the floor level, and an exhaust opening is installed on the wall opposite it at a distance of 300 mm. from the ceiling. Sometimes an inlet opening is made at the bottom of the wall behind the stove so that the air coming from the street is heated by the heater and the room cools down moderately. On the wall opposite the heating device, make 2 holes that will form a single exhaust duct. The first opening is located at a height of 1,000 mm. from the floor level, and the other under the ceiling. With this ventilation scheme, the steam room warms up faster and, accordingly, fuel is saved.

Air exchange device in the washing room

In the washing room, as well as in the steam room, there is high humidity, which contributes to the appearance of mold and fungi. To avoid this, it is necessary to create an effective ventilation system in washing baths. In the washing room a large number of moisture accumulates under the floor, so to remove it, it will be enough to lay an asbestos pipe, one end of which is located under the floor covering, and the other is brought to the roof and equipped with a deflector.

Creating effective controlled ventilation in bathhouse sinks will ensure dryness, moderate temperature, fresh air flow, carbon monoxide removal and fuel economy.

Ventilation diagram in dressing rooms

The proximity of the dressing room to the steam room leads to the fact that wooden surfaces condensation settles on the casing. To preserve the cladding and prevent rotting processes, the room must be well insulated and drafts excluded. Most simple circuit ventilation for the dressing room consists of removing moist air through a washing or washing room. It is best to organize a forced-type ventilation system for this room.

How to properly ventilate a bathhouse

Having more or less understood the ventilation system in the bathhouse, you also need to take into account other important points. The exhaust device must not:

cause a violation of the temperature regime in the premises;
allow cold air to rise to the ceiling;
remove fresh air from the room.

The principles by which proper ventilation of rooms is created in a bathhouse depend on architectural features building structures. If the floors have special slots for water drainage, then fresh air can flow through them and there is no need to make additional exhaust openings.

Often small windows are made, which, when opened, act as a hood. In addition, if the heater’s firebox is located directly in the steam room, then ventilation is even easier - just open the combustion chamber and adjust the air exchange by changing the position of the damper. These are the simplest, but most effective and low-cost options for installing a ventilation system.

Features of air exchange in frame baths

If in or air circulation is carried out through the rows lower crowns, then in frame-type buildings sheathed with a large number of thermal insulation material, natural ventilation is absent and for this reason it is necessary to provide for the creation of special openings with dampers.

Most effective system for the bath is supply and exhaust ventilation. To organize high-quality air exchange, it is necessary to create two channels. One of them is located near the floor and serves to bring fresh air into the room (if necessary, you can install a fan), and the second is located at a short distance from the ceiling and is necessary to remove hot and humid air masses and carbon monoxide. Ventilation openings in frame baths must be equipped with special adjustment dampers.

When creating a ventilation system, it is necessary to take into account the area and shape of the steam room, as well as the location of the heater.

Ventilation of a chopped bath

In a Russian bathhouse, where steam was traditionally prepared manually, forced air circulation schemes are not suitable. In order for natural ventilation in wooden baths to promote health, the following schemes should be followed when creating it:

provide the possibility of ventilation (creation of windows, doors and ventilation openings);
the upper boundaries of doors and windows should be at the same level;
for doubles small size simple ventilation is enough;
a heater with a chimney is a natural exhaust of exhaust air and gases;
For normal air exchange, you can install a ventilation opening with a damper next to the heater and an exhaust hole under the ceiling.

Providing good ventilation in a log bathhouse is very important point, since it is necessary to exclude the accumulation of excess moisture, which negatively affects wooden structure and can cause the development of pathogenic fungi and mold.

Ventilation system in a brick building

About the arrangement of ventilation in brick baths should be considered at the construction stage. Since natural air circulation is not provided for in a brick building, the number and location of openings should be taken into account in advance.

The natural air exchange system is identical to that installed in a Russian bathhouse - the inlet is located next to the stove, and the exhaust is under the ceiling. However, if the bathhouse is designed for a large number of people, then you should think about creating a forced ventilation system.

The fan must be installed at the entrance of the exhaust duct leading to. To speed up air circulation, several exhaust pipes are installed, but installation may be necessary supply valves so that air masses are not discharged due to the difference in the volumes of supply and exhaust air. Too much powerful fan can lead to the same problem, and the device’s power does not correspond to the area of the room will not be able to perform its functions normally and the air exchange in the steam room will be quite weak.

Ventilation Bastu

IN Lately to create ventilation systems, new and more effective solutions. Such novelties include the ventilation scheme in the Bastu bathhouse. This system is very popular among Russians due to its ease of installation and high efficiency.

The principle of ventilation according to Bast is as follows. The hot heater acts as a heat pump and draws air from the supply duct. Cold streams, passing through, heat up very quickly and rise to the ceiling. Naturally, they push an equal volume of near-field air through the exhaust duct. In the Bastu ventilation system, the supply and exhaust openings are located at the bottom.

To install such ventilation you need two stainless steel pipes- the lower one is installed diagonally from the heater at a height of 200 mm. from the floor, and the top above the stove. Both exits must be equipped with grilles with dampers. However, like all natural ventilation systems, Bastu can only work when the stove is running or there is strong wind outside.

The main advantage of Bastu ventilation installed in Russian baths is the ease of installation, which you can do yourself, thereby saving your money.

Proper ventilation device in the bathhouse

Normal ventilation can only exist if the room has created conditions for the influx of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air. Despite the common concept of ventilation, this is not entirely true, since it is always supply and exhaust. The operating principles of ventilation for any room are almost the same - fresh air enters through the supply opening and is exhausted through the exhaust.

When calculating ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence or likelihood of the formation of carbon monoxide or other chemical compounds harmful to health. Regulatory acts establish the frequency of air exchange per hour, which can fluctuate 1-10 times or more. Next, the parameters and location of future air ducts are determined, taking into account climatic zones and weather conditions typical for the area. If natural ventilation is not able to provide the required air exchange rate, then forced-type systems are used.

Where to place the window in the bathhouse?

Windows in a bathhouse are not only a source of light, but also a way to ventilate it. There is a misconception that a window in a steam room adversely affects the preservation of steam in the room and temperature. However, experienced bath attendants advise making even two windows in the steam room. One window is located above the shelves, and if the steam turns out to be too hot or someone feels unwell, then just open the window slightly and everything will be fine. The second window is placed under the shelves, which allows you to dry the sunbeds quite quickly. It is made small in size and opaque.

Important! According to safety regulations, bath windows must open into the room.

It is also worth installing a window in the washing room. It will not only help to ventilate the room, but also to urgently evacuate in case of fire. The dimensions of the window should be such that an average-sized adult can crawl through it. Some bathhouse owners are interested in the question: is it possible to install? If there is a washing room in the room, then yes. However, in a steam room, where the temperature reaches one hundred and above, the material from which the windows are made will begin to release toxic substances and warp. For windows into the steam room, it is best to use non-resinous wood. You can easily install a window in a bathhouse with your own hands, since the technology is no different from installing it in a residential building.

Grate made of wood or heat-resistant plastic and metal grid will prevent insects and pets from entering the premises. A corrugated hose or galvanized pipe is usually used as an air duct. Experts do not recommend installing in a steam room plastic pipes, since they are not designed for use in high temperature conditions.
It is advisable to install the fan on only one, for example, on the supply one. Fans used for baths must be made of heat-resistant materials and have good sealing.
A video on how to make a fan with your own hands will show the process more clearly (a bladeless version is presented):
Vent valves
The ventilation valve for the bathhouse is installed in the supply and exhaust ducts. There are two types of this device - KIV (air infiltration valve) and KPV (air infiltration valve). forced ventilation). Outwardly, they practically do not differ from each other, and their operating principle is the same. The outer part of the damper is equipped with inclined blinds to prevent water from entering from the outside, and the inner part is equipped with a head and membranes for sound and heat insulation.

When installing valves, you should follow several recommendations:
for bath ventilation it is necessary to install dampers made of heat-resistant materials;
installation must be performed on the load-bearing walls of the bathhouse;
It is not advisable to install valves on walls facing a garbage can.

Article

The long-term functioning of a bathhouse of any size and type depends on proper construction, installation of the stove and finishing, as well as the organization of the ventilation system. Air circulation in such a building will occur according to the laws of physics, so the principle diagram of the hood is simple.

What do you need

To equip it, outlet and supply holes should be made. Through the latter, fresh air will penetrate into the room from the street. When designing a ventilation system, such openings are provided almost near the floor. They are located near the stove. This is done so that the cold air heats up and the overall temperature does not decrease.

Design Features

Before you make ventilation in the dressing room, you must take into account several nuances. Among others, it is worth highlighting: accumulating inside carbon monoxide and overheated air damp masses must be removed from the room. For this purpose, exhaust openings should be provided. They are located slightly below the ceiling, opposite the supply channels. In this case, the air can be renewed without stagnating inside. There is no need for an exhaust hole in the ceiling, because the bathhouse will cool quickly.

The layout of the outlet and inlet holes is simple. More concerns will be caused by the need for effective and timely removal of carbon monoxide and at the same time maintaining the temperature necessary for a comfortable stay in the dressing room.

Ventilation in a warm dressing room must be designed before construction of the building. Air circulation can be spontaneous or forced. What the scheme should be is up to you to decide. It is important to take into account the size of the room and its functional features. Natural movement of air masses can be achieved due to the difference in temperature and pressure outside and inside. If you choose such a scheme, then it is important to correctly position the exhaust and supply windows. Cold air should come from below; an entrance should be arranged near the floor, 35 cm from the floor. The outflow of hot air will be carried out through a hood 20 cm from the ceiling. This air exchange option is not suitable for a steam room, because cold air will accumulate and stagnate near the floor, and hot air will stagnate near the ceiling.

Create a schema

Before you make ventilation in the dressing room with your own hands, you must design a circuit. It may provide for the installation of a forced hood. Air masses will move using mechanisms. When installing forced ventilation, you can use electronics or a combined method of exhaust air removal. When choosing the first method, you will need to install appropriate equipment that will control the level of humidity, temperature, and be responsible for air supply and purification. Setting up such a complex process flow can be expensive.

Which type to choose

Combined method involves the installation of special fans that force air masses to move, while ensuring natural air exchange. If you want to arrange proper ventilation in the dressing room, you must create a design that takes into account the size of the exhaust and supply openings, as well as the location of the air duct windows. The area of the holes is determined taking into account the volume of the room where they are located. Standard size air ducts vary from 15 to 20 cm.

If you have a Russian bathhouse, assembled from timber and logs, then it is better to arrange natural ventilation in it. It will work correctly and efficiently if the vents are located according to the calculations, and their dimensions correspond to the volume of the room.

If you are wondering how to properly ventilate a dressing room, it is important to consider the type of building. If it is frame sealed, then it is better to use coercive system. At the same time, in external wall there must be an inlet hole, which is filled by a blower fan. When it is planned to build a bathhouse from foam block or brick, ventilation should be exclusively forced.

Techniques for installing ventilation in the floor

Air exchange can also be ensured by a ventilated floor. If the coating is made of wood and is constantly in contact with water, then it will become unusable after five years of operation. In this regard, it is important to comply with the requirements for ventilation.

Small vents should be made in the foundation of the bathhouse to ensure air outflow. The floor is laid in such a way that centimeter gaps remain between the boards. Supply openings should be laid in parallel walls, protecting them with bars from rodents.

If there is a stove in the dressing room

When arranging ventilation in the dressing room with your own hands, you must take into account that a heating stove is sometimes installed in this room. In order for it to serve as an additional exhaust hood, the finished floor should be laid above the level of the ash pit. After completing all bath procedures, it is better to leave the doors open until the floor is completely dry.

Work methodology

If you want to provide effective ventilation to a warm dressing room, you should ensure that equal volumes of air enter and exit the room. The intensity of ventilation can be adjusted using dampers. If you close them, you can quickly warm up the room.

An exhaust air duct is installed outside, and the location of the deflectors above the top point of the roof should be 0.5 m. This requirement is prescribed by mechanical air exchange. When arranging ventilation in the dressing room of the bathhouse, you must create a movement of flows from the washing rooms to the dressing room, vestibule and bathroom. It is necessary to install a ventilation grille 2 m from the zero mark, which will ensure the flow of air in a forced circuit.

It is important at the planning stage to consider the outflow of moist air from the recreation area through the sink or bathroom compartment. The bathhouse may have a water heater that runs on gas. On individual highways, it is important to provide exhaust from it. Oxygen-saturated air should flow into the steam room through the ventilation duct. This channel should be located next to the stove, removing it 0.5 m from the floor.

In order for auxiliary rooms to be heated, use high temperature air from the steam room through the mains. Air outlet ducts should be laid into the rest area and dressing room, where it will be possible to maintain comfortable conditions.

When arranging ventilation in the sauna dressing room with your own hands, you will need to install an exhaust duct with a damper in the upper part of the room. It is important to correctly determine the area of highways. The cross-section of the air duct and vent is determined by the size of the steam room. On cubic meter the volume should be 24 cm 2 of the ventilation duct area.

To make it comfortable to be in a heated room, you should provide five air exchanges. This means that the air must be renewed 5 times every hour. If you want to increase the service life of your floors, it is important to ensure effective air exchange. To do this, channels are drilled in the basement of the building.

What indicates an improperly equipped ventilation system

If you want to make ventilation in the sauna dressing room with your own hands, you must be able to determine whether the system is working correctly. Errors during installation are indicated by moisture in the form of condensation, which accumulates on the ceiling and walls. If there are greasy marks on the exhaust system pipe, this also indicates ineffective ventilation.

If there is an unpleasant and musty smell, you will immediately understand that moisture is not removed as intensively as necessary. To check its functionality, you should bring a burning match to it. If the flame does not deviate to the side, then the ventilation system needs to be reviewed.

Making holes for ventilation

If you have already completed the internal and external wall cladding, but have not made holes for ventilation, then you need to start work immediately. First the marking is done on interior lining. At this stage, it is important to know where the recesses will be placed, what their parameters and dimensions are. The supply openings should be located behind the stove, 30 cm away from the floor. An exhaust duct is made on the opposite side under the ceiling.

At this stage you need to prepare metal gratings and air ducts. This will allow you to control the dimensions of the vent and not do unnecessary work. Ventilation in the dressing room can be natural. If you decide to proceed according to the described scheme, the next step is to prepare a wood drill long length. IN central point the vent should be drilled through hole from inside the room. The exit of the drill from the outside will be the center of the air flow. The dimensions of the hole should be drawn around. The cladding is removed within the marked boundaries. If the building is covered with clapboard, you will only need to dismantle the slats. If sheets of steel were used outside, you will need an angle grinder.

When the casing parts are damaged, they should be repaired. It is necessary to make through holes along the vent contour for ventilation, which will be located as close to each other as possible. In this case, you need to ensure that the drill is perpendicular to the surface. The same recesses are drilled throughout the entire area of the vent. The more of them, the easier it will be to make a hole in the wall.

When doing ventilation in the dressing room, the next step is to remove the bridges between the holes with a chisel or chisel. It will not be possible to make a through hole on one side of the wall, because getting there with the tool used is quite problematic. Some of the work has to be done from the inside of the dressing room, and the other from the outside. You should not level the base of the recesses too carefully; it is important that the air duct can fit into the channel. It will take a lot of time to prepare such holes. Even if a specialist works, he can only do two blows a day. Next, you can begin installing the air duct and grille.

Working on the duct

Pipes made of galvanized metal or plastic are suitable for this. The length can be determined by considering the length of the passage. The grille must be selected taking into account the size of the hole. To regulate the ventilation efficiency, there must be a damper on the grille.

When making ventilation in the dressing room, at the next stage you must insulate the planes of the recesses with mineral wool, laying it in one layer. An air duct is installed in the prepared place. To securely fasten the pipe, use construction foam. As soon as it hardens, its excess is cut off.

If there is insulation between the sheathing and the wall, the gap is treated with foam. This will seal the slots and prevent liquid from penetrating the wood. A grille is installed on top. The method of fixing it will depend on what material the walls are made of. Self-tapping screws can be used silicone sealant or other fasteners. Ventilation in the dressing room can be supplemented with a valve. It is attached according to the same principle as the grille.

Finally

If you properly organize the air exchange in the dressing room, you can extend the life of the finishing materials and provide comfortable conditions for visitors. Only in this case can relaxation in the bathhouse bring true pleasure, and the room will be comfortable and easy to breathe.

Proper organization of air exchange in a bathhouse is a serious task that requires a professional approach. It is not enough to build a bathhouse, finish the interior, install heating equipment and furniture. It is important to ensure effective ventilation of the bathhouse premises, to create a favorable microclimate that allows you to enjoy water procedures and contribute to the long service life of the finish, as well as the entire structure.

Ventilation in the bathhouse is the key to comfort

Relaxing in the bathhouse will be a pleasure if the room is easy and comfortable to breathe.

The air temperature in the steam room is very high, so if there is no ventilation in it, you can suffocate or get heatstroke

If proper air exchange is disrupted or there is no ventilation at all, it will be difficult to breathe in the steam room and impossible to stay in for a long time.

A ventilation system allows for the creation of a comfortable microclimate, ensuring the supply of oxygen-rich air and the removal of “waste” air masses.

The traditional layout of a bath complex includes a dressing room, a washing area, and a rest room, and everywhere it is important to ensure effective air circulation.

A favorable microclimate in the relaxation room will allow you to relax after visiting the steam room

An increased concentration of moisture does not bring pleasure both during water procedures and during relaxation. The human body is sensitive to lack of oxygen and high humidity.

The conclusion is clear: in the bath you need to do good ventilation so that it would be pleasant and comfortable not only to steam, but also to relax.

Poor air circulation or lack of ventilation causes:

Types and principles of ventilation arrangement

For any type of bath (Russian, Finnish sauna, Turkish hammam) ventilation is provided, which can be carried out in different ways.

Natural air exchange

The principle of the formation of convection air flows is based on the difference in temperature and air pressure from the street side and inside the bathhouse.

Temperature differences promote air flow

Maximum air exchange efficiency is achieved thanks to correct location supply and exhaust ventilation lines.

For ventilation of Russian bathhouses and saunas, a traditional arrangement of air channels is used. The supply air duct is located at a distance of 0.2–0.3 meters from the floor, and the exhaust line is located at the same distance from the ceiling. Adjustment dampers should be provided in the room to optimize air currents and provide comfortable temperature regime.

The damper allows you to regulate the flow of air into the room

Natural ventilation should provide air exchange, maintaining the room temperature and not creating discomfort during rest. The advantages of natural air exchange are simplicity and low costs associated with the absence of the need to purchase expensive equipment.

Combined option

The method of organizing the movement of air masses in a room using a fan that provides circulation is called combined. At the same time, there is no pattern in the location of the ventilation ducts.

The ventilation scheme is determined individually and provides for the installation of an vent and a duct equipped with a fan, which is mounted on the supply line or exhaust duct and creates the necessary pressure difference.

Providing air exchange in bathhouses using a combined method is convenient and economically justified.

Forced circulation

A forced air exchange system is also called mechanical. The system is equipped with automatic elements that control temperature conditions, regulate humidity and the intensity of circulation of air masses.

Forced air exchange provides the maximum level of comfort.

Increased costs associated with the purchase and installation of equipment, as well as difficulties in maintenance, limit the use of mechanical air exchange systems in small bathhouses.

For rooms with an increased area, forced circulation is used if natural or combined air exchange is not effective.

If the bathhouse premises have big sizes, they need to have forced ventilation

The following types of mechanical ventilation are used:

An exhaust system equipped with a filter element and a fan. This type of ventilation provides effective removal unpleasant odors and polluted air masses from rooms with swimming pools, washing departments and recreation areas. The use of an exhaust system requires ensuring the flow of fresh air necessary to compensate for the vacuum created by the fan.
Supply air, providing oxygen-rich air. Vapor-saturated air masses, due to increased pressure, leave the room through ventilation ducts, as well as through existing gaps in doors and windows. Combining the supply line with the heating device allows you to supply fresh heated air. The design of the supply air exchange is more complex.
Supply and exhaust, combining the principle of operation of the supply and exhaust ventilation. Using this principle of ventilation in a sauna room requires preliminary calculations. The intensity of circulation is determined based on the fact that the volume of incoming air must correspond to the volume of displaced air. In order to prevent the penetration of air from the bathroom into the recreation area, the ratio is deliberately violated. This allows you to create a reduced pressure in the toilet room and direct additional flows into it.

Principles of air exchange organization

When planning a ventilation device, follow these recommendations:

It is important to correctly calculate the area of the ventilation lines. The cross-section of the vent and the air duct is determined by the size of the steam room, for each cubic meter of volume of which it is necessary to provide 24 cm 2 of ventilation duct area.

For a comfortable stay in a heated steam room, ensure the possibility of more than five times air exchange (the air in the steam room should be renewed 5 times per hour). The layout of the supply duct and exhaust air duct, as well as their number, should facilitate easy circulation of masses in the steam room.

Effective air exchange will increase the service life of wooden floors. To ensure it you need:

The correct ventilation device will allow you to fully enjoy the steam room and get great pleasure from your bathing holiday.

Video: ventilation in the bathhouse

How to make ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands

The organization of air circulation in each room has individual characteristics.

Waiting room ventilation

The vestibule or dressing room is used as a locker room. The department is located away from areas with high humidity and temperature.

The ventilated locker room will always be dry and comfortable

Using the front door promotes the flow of fresh air and reliable ventilation locker rooms.

The placement of a ventilation grille with a valve in the upper part of the wall will ensure natural air exchange and control the volume of incoming air masses.

When constructing a building, it is necessary to provide vent. If there is no air channel, then you need to make it yourself:

Air exchange in the washing room

The washing compartment in which the shower is installed is ventilated due to the natural circulation of air flows moving from rooms with high humidity to ventilation vents or small windows.

The easiest way to ventilate the washing room is with a window.

To increase the efficiency of ventilation and reduce humidity, it is advisable to equip the shower with an exhaust fan.

Install the fan according to the following algorithm:

To ventilate the washing room, use fans with an operating voltage of 220 volts and a low power of 20–100 W.

When purchasing a fan, pay attention to the ability of the device to operate at elevated temperatures and humidity, as well as the degree of protection, which should not be lower than IP44.

Organizing air circulation in the steam room

To ventilate the steam room, create 2–3 channels intended for air exchange. One line will ensure the supply of fresh air, and the rest will allow exhaust air masses to freely leave the room.

The increased size of the exhaust duct allows you to ventilate the steam room faster

Place the channels according to one of the proposed ventilation schemes.

The intensity of air exchange depends on the location and size ratio of the supply and exhaust ducts

Making holes during construction will help maintain integrity finishing materials and make the work easier.

The area of the incoming line must correspond to the size of the output channel. However, a more efficient convection flow can be achieved by slightly increasing the diameter of the exhaust line.

A prerequisite is the installation of adjustable valves that allow you to change the intensity of air exchange.

IN wooden bath it is better to make the valve from the same wood that was used for interior decoration

Carrying out measures to arrange canals is not difficult:

Video: ventilation in the steam room

Creating a microclimate in the rest room

Comfortable temperature conditions and optimal air circulation in the rest room are achieved thanks to natural air exchange.

An air channel at the top of the wall ensures sufficient fresh air flow

It is important to provide an air duct equipped with an adjustable valve or vent valve. This will allow, if necessary, to increase the intensity of air mass movement.

To organize fresh air access, you can use a window instead of a ventilation duct

Drilling a hole and installing a valve is not difficult.

Video: making a ventilation valve

Options and layouts of ventilation channels

Can be used in the bath different variants location of ventilation communications, providing for natural air circulation and the use of a fan.

Various ventilation device options differ in the location of the channels, but provide high air exchange efficiency

One of the proposed natural air exchange schemes, which provides the following options for placing ventilation lines, will ensure a comfortable bathing procedure:

Air exchange schemes that include the installation of a fan allow you to achieve favorable temperature conditions and comfortable humidity:

Remember that the performance of a fan installation is determined by multiplying the volume of the steam room by the air exchange coefficient.

For example, to determine the required air exchange in a steam room with an area of 10 m2 and a height of 2 meters, it is necessary to multiply the volume by the air exchange coefficient equal to 5 (we have already said above that the air in the steam room must be completely renewed 5 times per hour). The resulting fan performance value is 10 x 2x 5 = 100 m 3 /h.

Heated air ventilation

Providing air exchange with simultaneous heating of incoming air is carried out in the bathhouse in various ways. They involve the use of a fan or natural air exchange. For example, by placing certain air channels in the immediate vicinity of a hot stove, you can simultaneously provide an influx of oxygen-saturated air and increase its temperature due to the heated surface of the heating unit.

In order to create a favorable temperature regime, comfortable humidity and smooth heating of incoming air masses, it is necessary to use plugs or gate valves located on the air lines. Carrying out ventilation while simultaneously heating the air is a rather difficult task.

Every heating unit has its own individual “character”. Only as a result of experiments can you select the optimal air exchange mode and ensure comfortable temperature in the bathhouse.

To increase the temperature of the incoming air masses, you can use an electric heater that heats the air entering the room. This is another option for air ventilation with simultaneous heating.

The air entering through the ventilation ducts can be preheated by a heater

The power of the electric heater is selected experimentally.

Electrical equipment used in bathhouses must withstand elevated temperatures and humidity, be reliably grounded and have a protection class of at least IP44.

Combining air ventilation with heating allows you to create comfortable conditions for vacationers, as well as reduce the costs associated with heating the room using heating equipment.

Familiarity with the principles of organizing proper air circulation in the steam room, as well as other rooms of the sauna and bathhouse, will allow you to independently organize the process of effective air exchange. It is important to correctly calculate the dimensions of air lines and optimally place the inlet openings of the channels in the rooms. Remember that the degree of air circulation is additionally affected by the design of the heating device and chimney. By following the recommendations, you can avoid mistakes and enjoy health treatments in a bathhouse with a comfortable microclimate.

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Hike to bathhouse For everyone initiated into the mysteries, steaming is not a way to wash away dirt, it is a procedure that will remove impurities and toxins. And a ritual during which tension will be relieved have a hard day, and sometimes weeks, along with the pores, something elusive will open in the soul and begin to sing.
Associations associated with visiting baths– a lot of hot humid steam, a feeling of cleanliness and relaxation. In order for the steam to be beneficial, to circulate correctly in the steam room compartment, for the remaining condensation to not affect the condition of the wood from which the bathhouse is made, and for the building itself to serve faithfully for more than one year, it is necessary to think through and calculate even when the project is being created ventilation in the bathhouse.
Correctly calculated mechanism ventilation, exchange of air masses will increase the service life of the wood, and the steaming procedure in such a bathhouse is good for health. The service life of a bathhouse, for example, made of timber, is seventy-five years, but if the ventilation is not designed, moisture constantly accumulates in the steam room and washing room, plus temperature changes , the bathhouse building will have to be rebuilt or overhauled in five years. Within a year, a putrefactive fungus will develop, the decay products of which will have to be breathed in, carbon monoxide will no longer evaporate normally, and it is not safe to steam in such a room. In a good bathhouse, the flow of hot steam is directed by precise calculations.
The constant supply of additional oxygen also increases draft, which means the intensity of heating increases, and, consequently, fuel economy. Steam is removed, which makes drying easier. Wood absorbs less moisture, it does not create a favorable environment for the growth of microorganisms, and the wood lasts longer.

A correctly calculated mechanism for ventilation and exchange of air masses will increase the service life of the wood, and the steaming procedure in such a bathhouse is beneficial to health.

Typical ventilation schemes in a bathhouse

Based on the principle of outflow and inflow of air flows, three types of circulation patterns are distinguished.

Natural ventilation. Natural ventilation is an arrangement of vents, air exchange occurs due to the difference in pressure and temperature outside and inside the building. This method of air exchange is effective in the case of “breathing” walls made of wood and no insulation. Air penetrates through the pores and cracks in the wood.
Mechanical or forced ventilation. This ventilation technology uses special devices that provide forced air inflow and outflow. The more complex and functional the devices, the more expensive they are.
Combined ventilation. In this case, the principles of natural ventilation are used, which are supplemented with simple mechanisms, for example, a fan that additionally pumps out waste.

The following schemes are considered popular options.
Mixing of air layers due to convection. The first vent is installed below, behind the heater, the second on the opposite wall, at the top. The inlet flow rushes through the lower exhaust hole, and the waste is squeezed out into the upper one. This gas recirculation option is suitable for a small steam room for one family. This method can be strengthened by using a fan and opening the door. An effective option would be to place the hoods at the same height on opposite walls, but the second, opposite the stove, is necessarily strengthened by a fan. The third method of arranging the holes is both on the same wall, the one that faces the street. Holes are made at two points on the wall equidistant from each other. Both of the latter options save the generated steam and condensate is removed. Sometimes, instead of the lower vent, a furnace vent is used. Air from the street enters through a hole, which is located next to the stove, and exhaust air is discharged through the ash pan due to draft. The second hole is not made. This kind of ventilation works while the stove is burning; after heating ends, in this case it is necessary to additionally ventilate both the steam room and the washing room. If the stove is lowered below floor level and the vent is designed into the foundation, the used air will also escape through the stove vent.

Air from the street enters through a hole, which is located next to the stove, and exhaust air is discharged through the ash pan due to draft. The second hole is not made.

But options that use the stove in the ventilation circuit work while the stove is burning. Recirculation will have to be strengthened - think through a window, leave the door half open, adjust the air with a towel, and so on.
It is impossible to give exact instructions. It is necessary to think over the ventilation device in the bathhouse for each individual steam room, taking into account the peculiarities.
To equip a steam room with natural ventilation, serious requirements are taken into account.

It is required that one wall borders the street for ease of exhaust gas removal.
There should be no draft.
When installing bath doors, a gap of 20 mm is made under them to enhance ventilation.
A correctly calculated gas exchange scheme changes the total volume of air three times in one hour.
Holes in correct scheme maintain the required volume of steam so that it does not have time to escape in an amount that will cool the room and does not stagnate.
Formula for calculating the diameter of the exhaust hole: Volume of the ventilated room * 24 cm

Practice tip! In Russian baths, which were built taking into account traditions, folk means of ventilation have come down to us. The bottom of the door to the steam room is decorated with a ventilation grill, thereby ventilating the room.

In Russian baths, which were built taking into account traditions, folk means of ventilation have come down to us

Although natural ventilation is reliable and cheap way get rid of dampness and ensure an influx of air mass into the steam room, but it also has disadvantages. This method is enough for one family and for bath room made of wood. It will not be possible to regulate the inflow and exit of gases; the mechanism obeys natural conditions behind the walls of the room. To account for these shortcomings, mechanical ventilation is used.

In mechanical models it is used special equipment, controlling air flows using instruments and sensors. This technology has many advantages. The volume of incoming air is regulated and purified. The device itself maintains the desired microclimate and distributes air indoors. Disadvantages - noise during equipment operation, additional costs for electricity and equipment installation. And the price of this method of ventilation is, of course, higher than the cost of natural ventilation.

Types of mechanical ventilation

Supply- the kit includes an air duct, grille, air filter and valve. To obtain the effect, recirculation is enhanced by a fan.
Exhaust. The scheme provides for the outflow of cooled air using an air duct, grille, motor and fan.
Supply and exhaust. Mechanical ventilation. Combination of exhaust and supply model. The principle of operation is either displacement of heated air coming from the street, or constant mixing of layers of air.

Effect mechanical method better than the natural effect.

Types of mechanical ventilation

Secrets and nuances that will help when creating ventilation in the bathhouse

Exhaust holes in the wall, floor and foundation of the bathhouse are made during construction. Cutting holes in a finished room is hard Sisyphean work. The ventilation model is selected during the creation of the project, along with the location of the vents. To speed up the exit of exhaust air, the linear area of the hood is increased, or two holes are made. Valves or special blinds are installed on the vents to regulate recirculation. During heating, the hoods are closed, so the temperature will reach the desired level faster. In winter, during severe frosts, cold air literally “bursts” into the room, and this flow can be restrained with a plug.

Taking a steam bath is becoming a fashionable ritual for caring for your health and appearance. And its device becomes more complicated and improved, taking into account the wishes of those who like to steam. About ten years ago, the arrangement of a bathhouse was limited to the dressing room and steam room, today it includes three or even four rooms. A separate washing room and rest room were added to the steam room and dressing room. Particular care should be taken when it comes to ventilation in the washing room and steam room, but moisture also spreads into the dressing room, and therefore all rooms need an air exchange mechanism.

Any of the schemes is suitable for the steam room. But before flooding, the steam room must be ventilated and left open door and outlets. You need to ventilate for about fifteen minutes. When the steam room is ventilated, the door and vents are closed. When the temperature rises to the desired level, the hoods, using valves, are carefully and slowly opened to regulate the flow. The exhaust vent must be larger in diameter than the inlet vent, otherwise the volume of incoming air will drop due to reverse draft. It is important to ensure that circulation does not disturb the temperature microclimate.

The exhaust vent must be larger in diameter than the inlet vent, otherwise the volume of incoming air will drop due to reverse draft

Ventilation in the washing room

Moisture accumulates in the washing room no less than in the steam room, and getting rid of it is no less important. Dampness and mold are not beneficial either to humans or to the bathhouse. Water in the washroom accumulates under the floors. That's why ventilation pipe It is better to place it in a corner, placing one end between the floors and the other leading to the roof.

Ventilation in the waiting room

The dressing room is also a locker room, and there is a stove in it. The stove is placed in the dressing room when there is not enough space in the steam room. In such cases, the air flows are recirculated through the stove; if there is no stove there, then the dressing room is additionally ventilated and dried after steaming. You can additionally make an vent in the wall, reinforced with a fan.
As can be seen from the above, ventilation in a bathhouse is not a complicated thing, but it is necessary, so it is worth considering the project when planning a future building, thereby extending the service life of the building and a healthy life.

DIY ventilation

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