Diseases of domestic citrus fruits. Typical diseases of indoor lemon and their treatment

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Lemon diseases at home can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms: fungi, viruses, bacteria, mycoplasmas. Affected individuals develop various defects (shrinking, deformation of fruits and leaves, spotting, growths, and others). Pathogens are spread by the wind, with the help of insects, as well as through drops of water during watering and spraying. Most often, weakened trees are susceptible to diseases, so it is important when growing lemon to create everything the necessary conditions for its full development, implement proper care, conduct regular, thorough inspections. The fight against lemon diseases should be carried out when the first signs appear. All affected parts must be cut off from a diseased individual so that they do not weaken the tree.

Why do lemon leaves turn yellow and curl? Why does the plant shed its leaves? Why do lemon leaves become covered with black spots? The cause may be improper care, lack of microelements or flower diseases. If the leaves fall off, it means that the homemade lemon may lack light; it has been overwatered. Lemon leaves fall off if the air in the room where it is located is dry or the horse system is disturbed.

Most often, lemon leaves fall in the autumn. winter period, but leaf fall can be observed at any other time of the year. main reason: unfavourable conditions . For example, a recently purchased plant may lose its leaves. The explanation is simple: in the greenhouses where it is grown, the conditions are different from the microclimate in the apartment. Leaf fall is a reaction to a change in the growing microclimate. After purchasing, the lemon must acclimatize to the new conditions; it is not advisable to replant it; it is provided with proper care. At this time, it is important not to overwater the flower, since without leaves the process of moisture evaporation is disrupted. Experts recommend spraying more than watering; you can add epin to the solution.

Why does a lemon shed its leaves if its growing location has not changed? Reason: lack of light. This plant belongs to the category of light-loving, that is, it needs a 12-hour day of light. In the autumn-winter period, when the length daylight hours decreases, the plant needs to be illuminated fluorescent lamp. It is better to place the pot on the western or eastern side of the house, or on the southern side, but with obligatory shading.

The lemon has dropped its leaves if it was replanted with full or partial replacement soil. In this case, the root system is disrupted, which necessarily affects the crown. She crumbles. What to do? We need to help the flower restore root system. To do this, watering is reduced, the flower is placed under a greenhouse ( polyethylene film), which should not touch the leaves and branches of the flower. Spraying is carried out to maintain high level humidity in the greenhouse. Every day the greenhouse is ventilated for 15 minutes to prevent the formation of condensation. Epin is added to the spraying solution once a week, and root can be added to the watering solution. There is no need to suddenly remove the greenhouse. To adapt the flower, increase the ventilation time every day. The greenhouse is completely removed when new leaves appear on the lemon.

Lemon drops leaves when it is attacked by cancer, viral mosaic. All these diseases are viral in nature. In most cases in indoor growing diseases cannot be treated, and the plant is completely thrown away in order to prevent infection of other flowers.

Cancer on lemon leaves looks like brown spots of irregular shape, which dry out and crumble inside. With prolonged disease, young lemon leaves develop deformed and small. The disease cannot be cured, it can be prevented spring spraying flower with fungicides.

Leaves fall if homemade lemon is affected by leaf mosaic. On the leaves it looks like light spots of irregular shape, sometimes spreading across the plate in the form of streaks. Mosaic cannot be treated; in most cases, the plant is removed.

Lemon leaves curl if the watering schedule is disrupted. This is drying or waterlogging of the soil. In the first case, you need to water the flower with small portions of water, but do not allow the soil in the pot to become waterlogged. In both cases, the plant is placed under a greenhouse, where it is regularly sprayed. Overmoistening the soil in a pot leads to rotting of the roots. Damaged roots can no longer “drink” water, and therefore the plant suffers from moisture deficiency even in waterlogged soil. In this case, watering is stopped. The lemon is taken out of the pot, but the integrity of the earthen ball must not be damaged, and it is wrapped in paper. The latter will draw out excess moisture from the soil. Drying in this way is carried out for 3 days, the plant needs to be shaded. Then the flower is returned to the pot and a greenhouse is organized for it. Watering is not carried out, much attention is paid to spraying.

Lemon leaves dry out around the edges if indoors heat And low humidity air. Optimal temperature regime for lemon +20...+23 degrees, humidity - not lower than 70%. Otherwise, the plant gets sick. Very often the leaves of indoor lemons turn yellow if they are placed close to heating appliances in winter. The plant does not like dry air, and even in winter it may suffer from lack of light. It is illuminated with a fluorescent lamp.

The leaves turn yellow and fall off if the lemon is infested with spider mites.. In this case, on back side leaf plate will be present white coating, and on the branches there is a light, whitish cobweb. The leaves are covered with small spots. How to treat? It is necessary to wash the plant in the shower warm water, then treat with one of the preparations Fitoverm, Vertimer (three times with an interval of 10 days) or Akarin, Neoron (4 times with an interval of 7-10 days). It is better when the affected flower is isolated from the rest of the collection.

Infectious and fungal diseases of lemon

Lemons and other citrus fruits grown on plantations are most often affected. Often even professionals cannot determine the cause, but room conditions A plant with real danger is extremely rare, but every gardener should know about precautions and treatment methods. Among the variety of lemon diseases, it is worth highlighting pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and mycoplasmas. The result is growth, wilt, rot, pitting and spotting. The main carrier of these pathogens is insects, but lemon can also be infected by spraying, airing, and even watering. The signs of fungal diseases and diseases associated with bacteria are quite similar, but when affected by fungi, spores can be found in the form of a gray coating, black spots or brown pustules. Let's look at the most common diseases indoor lemon.

Anthracnose

Anthracnose is the most common and its causative agent is a pathogenic fungus. Signs of the disease are expressed by falling and yellowing of foliage, falling buds, the appearance of reddish spots on fruits and dying of branches. To stop the disease, it is necessary to get rid of dead shoots by spraying with Fitosporin. This drug used for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, it is odorless and non-toxic, suitable for use in residential areas. You can also add the product to water for irrigation according to the instructions on the label. A 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture for spraying is also effective. The plant needs to be treated two to three times.

Scab

Scab or so-called warts are also a common problem caused by a fungus. Small transparent yellowish spots appear on young leaves, later they turn into gray-pink warts. Over time, they grow and mutate into a growth, after which the shoots die. The disease also affects fruits, on which orange spots appear, increase in size and acquire a red-brown color. As a result, the ovaries invariably fall off. Be sure to cut and burn the affected areas of the lemon, and spray the crown with 1% Bordeaux mixture.

Gomoz

Gomoz u homemade lemon manifested by gum discharge - these are brown red longitudinal spots on the trunk and branches. In these places, the bark soon dies and a sticky, golden-colored substance emerges from the cracks and hardens in the air. Among the most common causes of the disease are high air humidity, mechanical damage, lack of potassium and phosphorus, excess nitrogen, undisinfected soil or planting seedlings too deep. Treatment requires determining the cause of the disease; even with a sharp knife, the affected areas on the trunk are removed. Solution copper sulfate 3% is used to disinfect wounds, which at the final stage are covered with garden varnish. This procedure must be repeated several times until the plant is completely cured. Branches affected by homoz are cut off and burned. As a preventive measure, it is necessary to water the plant with warm water, and do not deepen it when planting. root collar into the ground, otherwise, the risk of trunk rotting increases.

Melseko

Melseko is an infectious disease manifested by drying out of shoots. More often, this problem occurs in plants grown on plantations; this occurs in the spring. During the period from autumn to spring, the disease can also appear in homemade lemons. The leaves of the plant gradually fall off, starting from the ends of the branches. When cut, the wood will have a reddish color; the petioles will remain on the branches when the leaves fall. According to this pattern, leaves also fall off when insufficient lighting in winter, so don’t panic right away. There is no definitive way to eliminate this disease.

Sooty fungus

Sooty fungus is often the result of mealybug or scale infestation of lemons. Inspect the plant in a timely manner for the presence of pests and take the measures indicated a little lower in the section on pests.

Root rot

Root rot does not visually appear until the plant begins to intensively shed leaves. The first thing you need to do is dig up the lemon and inspect the root system. If there are affected areas, they must be cut off with a sharp knife and the plant replanted in new ground. Place the lemon in a well-lit place and do not water for several days, just wipe the leaves damp cloth. Sometimes brown spots due to root rot appear on the trunk, a dirty substance seeps through them, after which the bark dies.

Viral diseases of lemon

Viral diseases of lemon include tristeza, leaf mosaic and citrus canker. The latter is characterized brown spots on fruits and leaves. If the disease is not detected in time, the leaves begin to fall and the fruits become deformed. Over time, the plant dies and there is no treatment. Prevention involves treating the plant with liquid copper fungicide every spring. Leaf mosaic appears in the form of light or dark streaks or stripes on the foliage; over time, the leaves become deformed and the tree begins to grow very slowly. There is no cure, but symptoms can be reduced regular feeding and strict adherence to citrus care requirements. With tristesis, the foliage dries out and falls off, soon the bark, branches or even the whole tree dies; there is no treatment.

Treatment of diseases caused by fungus or infection will be successful if the problem is detected in a timely manner. Viral diseases They cannot be treated, but in some cases it is possible to delay the death of the plant and mask the signs of pathology. Weak plants whose maintenance conditions do not meet the requirements are most often susceptible to infection. It is necessary to promptly cut out the affected areas of the lemon and control pests. Sections can be processed activated carbon. As soon as the tree becomes sick, remove all fruits, buds and flowers so that they do not take all the strength from the plant.

Lemon pests

Insects are the main carrier of infections and fungal spores, so it is necessary to carry out prevention, and if they do infect the lemon, promptly eliminate them mechanically and begin treatment. Citrus fruits have both personal pests and those that attack other plants. The first ones end up in an apartment with poor-quality soil or grafting material. Most often the plant is attacked by aphids, and then we will talk about them and other dangerous pests.

Common aphid

Aphid control can have different scales depending on the number of pests on the plant. If there are few of them, it is enough to cut off the affected leaves and branches and crush the insects, then fertilize the lemon with unscheduled complex fertilizers. If the damage is large, use insecticides (diasmnon). Spraying with garlic infusion is also effective. Clean 8 heads, crush them and soak them in a bucket of water for a day. Before processing, decant the product.

Root aphid

Shchitovka

This pest settles on the plant in the form of a larva, which becomes immobile when it reaches adulthood. The insect can be found on the lower part of the leaf vein; over time, the scale insect becomes covered with a waxy coating. If the damage is excessive, insects switch to outside leaves, the tree dries out, becomes weak and susceptible to infection by other viral or bacterial diseases. Garlic water and insecticides are also effective against scale insects; soapy water can be used. You can prepare the latter according to the following recipe - dilute 2 tablespoons in a liter of water liquid soap and treat the affected areas of the plant with the mixture. After an hour, rinse the lemon in the shower and repeat the procedure after 2 days.

Spider mite

This pest loves to attack foliage and young shoots; it can be detected by curled leaves around which a characteristic cobweb hangs. The key prerequisite for the appearance of spider mites is very dry room. To combat it, you need to spray the diseased plant with a solution boric acid 1%. Even a single procedure is enough, but ideally it is necessary to repeat the spraying 4 times.

Prevention

By protecting your plant from ticks and insects, you are preventing infectious, viral and fungal diseases, since many pathogens penetrate the lemon tissue with the saliva of scale insects or aphids. Prevention involves the following measures.

Wash tree branches and leaves at least once a month. Insulate the soil with film and place the plant under the shower. Treat the crown with soap foam at the same frequency.
Carefully inspect the purchased plants and do not place them next to indoor plants for 2 weeks.
Inspect the tree regularly during watering for affected areas.

An indoor lemon is a living creature, so it can have problems too. Troubles that happen to lemons can be divided into three groups: improper care, pests, diseases.

📌Improper care

✔Failure to follow plant care rules (watering, lighting, temperature, lack of nutrition, replanting and soil pH imbalance). With insufficient watering, the tree dries out, with excess watering, yellowing of the leaves appears and rotting of the root system occurs.

✔The deficiency of one or another microelement can be determined visually. If there is a lack of iron, a leaf with a saturated green color, first becomes “speckled” (alternating green and yellow spots), then fades, turns yellow and dries out.

✔With a lack of phosphorus, the leaves acquire an earthy-rusty color, and the tips of the leaves dry out. With a lack of potassium, the leaves shrink, forming “wrinkles” and folds.

✔With a lack of manganese and boron, the ovaries crumble. Correcting the situation is much more difficult than watering the lemon in time with special fertilizers for citrus fruits.

📌Lemon pests and ways to combat them

✔Shchitovki and false shields (larvae are hidden by a dark brown shield). If they are present, the leaves fall off, the branches dry out, and the plant slowly dies. Pests must be cleaned off (with a toothbrush or a sharp stick), and the lemon must be washed with soap emulsion. You will learn about another way to combat these pests from the video.

✔Spider mite (red citrus mite). The larvae are located on the underside of the leaf; in this case, the leaf is shrouded in a web, which gradually envelops the entire plant. Leaves become discolored, dry out and fall off, flowers and fruits are damaged. Spider mites are more likely to appear in dry indoor air. In case of defeat spider mite you can spray the lemon with 0.15% Actelika solution. Spraying will have to be repeated three times with an interval of 10 days.

✔Mealybug (larvae and females feed on the entire above-ground part). If they are present, sticky insect secretions appear on the surface of the leaves, later the leaves dry out, spots and cracks form on the fruits. The fruits fall off before they are ripe. The plant must be periodically inspected and the larvae and females of mealybugs mechanically destroyed.

✔Citrus aphid ( small insects black or yellow-green). The tops of young shoots are paralyzed. If they are detected, you need to spray the lemon with a 0.15% Aktelika solution. Spraying will have to be repeated three times with an interval of 10 days. To prevent aphids from appearing, you can place a pot of fragrant geranium next to the lemon.

✔Thrips (look like a black line on the leaves, they are so small). They crap more than they suck the juices from the plant, they can fly, and spread viruses. To destroy them, you need to wash the tree out of the shower (cover the soil with film) and treat it with soap emulsion.

✔Whitefly (white small moth). The greenish-white larvae are located on the lower part of the leaves. Getting rid of them is quite problematic. In this case, the lemon is sprayed with insecticides at least 5 times every 3 days.

📌Diseases of indoor lemon and ways to treat them

✔Indoor lemons can suffer from many diseases caused by fungi, viruses, bacteria and mycoplasmas. The result of their influence is a variety of spots, ulcers, rot, wilting, growths, growths, etc. Harmful microorganisms are spread by insects, drops of water during spraying and watering, and wind.

✔The symptoms of infection of indoor lemons by bacteria and fungi are similar, but with an infection caused by mushrooms, along with increasing spots, fungal spores are visible on them - gray plaque, brown pustules or black spots of sporulation.

✔Diseases most often appear on weakened plants, so proper care of lemons at home, pest control, cutting out affected parts of the plant, and treating the cuts (can be with activated charcoal) is important. It is better to immediately remove all flowers, buds and fruits from a diseased lemon so that they do not weaken the plant.

✔To suppress many pathogens and for prevention, it is effective to use the biological product “Fitosporin” (the drug is non-toxic, odorless). They are sprayed and added to water for irrigation according to the instructions. You can spray 2-3 times with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

✔Anthracnose is the most common disease of lemons, caused by a pathogenic fungus. With anthracnose, the buds fall off, the leaves turn yellow and fall off, reddish spots appear on the fruits, and the branches die. It is necessary to trim off dead shoots and carry out the treatment described above.

✔Scab (citrus warts) is also a common disease of fungal nature. In this case, small transparent yellowish spots appear on young leaves, turning into pink-gray warts. Warts grow over time, forming a growth, and then the shoot dies. Orange spots appear on the fruits, increasing in size, they become red-brown in color, and the ovaries fall off. The affected parts of the plant must be cut off and burned, and the lemon crown should be sprayed with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

✔Gomosis (gum bleeding) is manifested by longitudinal brown-red spots on the branches and trunk of the lemon. The bark in these places gradually dies, and a sticky golden liquid flows out of the cracks, which hardens in the air.

There may be several reasons for this disease: deep planting of seedlings, undisinfected soil, lack of drainage, excess nitrogen, lack of phosphorus and potassium, mechanical damage, too much high humidity air.

To treat homosis, it is necessary to find out the cause of the disease and eliminate it. The affected areas on the trunk must be cleaned with a sharp knife, cutting out the affected areas, disinfected with a 3% solution of copper sulfate and the wounds covered with garden pitch. It is recommended to treat the wound several times until complete healing. It is better to cut out the affected thin branches and burn them.

✔Sooty fungus can settle on lemon when infected with scale insects or mealybugs. To prevent it from appearing, it is necessary to combat pests in a timely manner.

🔎Inspect the lemon more often, so you will notice pests and diseases at an early stage. During Taken measures will not cause much harm to the lemon.

Citrus diseases,to which tangerine belongs, are to some extent specific, and to some extent characteristic of many fruit plants. In most cases, tangerine tree diseases are caused by microorganisms: mycoplasmas, viruses, bacteria, fungi. The consequence of their action is various defects on the tree and fruit: growths, ulcers, rot, spotting, etc. They can penetrate inside the plant through the stomata of the leaf, into the wounds formed mechanical damage, through insects, wind, when spraying or watering. The difficulty is that not all measures to combat tangerine diseases are effective, and in some cases they are even useless. Below we will take a closer look at the most characteristic diseases and ways to combat them.

The disease is caused by the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum glocosponoides Penz, which develops in a humid environment and settles on the fruits, leaves, and branches of the plant. Infected leaves initially develop pale green spots that darken over time. If the infestation occurs during the rainy season, the spots may be dark brown. Black dots appear on the tips of the shoots. The branches turn completely brown, then light gray, become covered with many swellings and die. Affected flowers become covered with reddish spots and fall off. Small dark spots appear on the fruits around the peduncle, which expand and injure the skin. It acquires a dark brown color and softens. The disease can also appear on fruits during storage. They have bad smell and bitter-sour taste.

This fungal disease tangerine occurs when high humidity and improper care. In order to combat it, the affected shoots are pruned and sprayed with special fungicides according to the instructions.

Mandarin grows in its natural environment for up to 70 years, increasing its yield every year. Up to 800 fruits can be removed from one tree per season. Another disease caused by a fungus that affects the entire plant. It first appears as small yellow transparent spots on the leaves, which then transform into pinkish-gray warts. The growths that appear on young shoots enlarge and turn into an impressive growth, which leads to the death of the branch. When fruits become infected, spots grow on them. orange color , which acquire brown shades as they grow. At the same time, the existing ovaries fall off. The conditions for the spread of the disease are high humidity and air temperature. The fight against the disease consists of removing damaged parts of the plant, which it is advisable to burn so that the spores do not spread into environment

. The plant is sprayed with a solution of Bordeaux mixture (1%): in March, in June (after flowering) and in July. The disease, caused by the fungus Pythiacystis citrophthora R.E.Sm, manifests itself in the form of protruding longitudinal drops of gum on the bark of a tree.

The fatal consequences of this disease are reflected on the leaves only several weeks, or even months after the branch or trunk dies.

Before treating a tangerine tree, it is necessary to eliminate the causes that caused the disease.

Among them may be the following:
lack of potassium and phosphorus with excess nitrogen in the soil. In this case, the share of nitrogen and organic fertilizers decreases;
lack of drainage under the tree's root system. Watering is completely stopped for a couple of days, and then resumed carefully and with great limitation;
mechanical damage, due to which wounds appeared, where infection got into.

In addition to the measures described above, the following must be carried out. Clean the wound and disinfect it with a solution of copper sulfate (3%). To do this, dissolve 30 g of the product and 200 g of slaked (or 100 g of quicklime) in a liter of water. After this, the wound is treated with garden varnish. The procedure is repeated until the signs of the disease disappear. If this cannot be achieved, the plant is uprooted and burned.

Citrus cancer

A disease caused by bacteria that infects the leaves and fruits of a tree. Appears as bright dark brown spots. There is no cure for citrus cancer. The plant must be removed from the soil and destroyed.

Basically, the infection affects the bark of the trunks and main roots of the tree, without penetrating into their other layers. Over time, the bark separates from the rest of the trunk or root. If this happens around its circumference, the branch, root or entire trunk dies because the circulation of sap is disrupted. The fungus can also appear on fruits, causing brown rot. It is possible to find out exactly what pathogen causes a particular disease only in a laboratory setting. Many symptoms of diseases caused by both fungi and bacteria are very similar. However, sometimes brown pustules, black dots or gray plaque can be distinguished on contaminated surfaces - these are fungal spores. When infected with mycoplasmas and viruses, the shape of flowers, leaves, and shoots changes. A mosaic pattern appears on them, paniculation of stems and dwarfism are observed. At the same time, fungal and bacterial diseases are treated with fungicides, and mycoplasmic and viral treatment do not respond, the plant has to be destroyed.

Late blight

Most often this fungal disease amazes tangerine trees, which were previously grafted onto orange. It often appears on young seedlings, which are surrounded by a brown oily spot. Usually the damaged area is cleaned and treated with copper sulfate or a similar product with more high degree actions. It is recommended to dig up the plant and check whether the roots are damaged by the disease. If the examination gives positive result, the tree must be destroyed.

It is difficult to detect, since the roots of the plant are affected. Usually, the disease manifests itself externally in an already advanced stage, when the leaves of the tangerine fall off en masse. How to resuscitate indoor tangerine in this case? Dig up the plant and inspect the roots. If damaged areas are found, they are removed with a sharp, disinfected instrument. All roots are treated with a rooting stimulator, and the plant is transplanted into fresh, clean soil. Then the pot of tangerine should be placed in a greenhouse or the leaves should be regularly wiped with a damp cloth, avoiding abundant watering. Give the plant good light.

Basically, the infection affects the bark of the trunks and main roots of the tree, without penetrating into their other layers. Over time, the bark separates from the rest of the trunk or root. If this happens around its circumference, the branch, root or entire trunk dies because the circulation of sap is disrupted. The fungus can also appear on fruits, causing brown rot. In most cases, tangerine leaves fall not due to illness, but because improper care. In fact, this is how the plant reacts to stress factors: lack of light, waterlogging of the soil, low temperatures And so on. Wherein mature plant, which is at least three years old, may die. The reason for the abundant leaf fall may be the depletion of the tangerine when it was not sent to rest in the winter. From the end of October to the beginning of March, it is recommended to expose the pot of tangerine for 12 hours every day in a cool place (14 - 16° C) with lighting from a fluorescent lamp with a power of 20-40 W.

The cause of the disease is a virus of the same name, which affects the entire plant. As a rule, trees older than 5 years become its victims. The first signs are stopping or braking further development and change in leaf color. At first they fade, become slightly bronze, then near the veins they acquire a yellowish tint. At the same time, more mature leaves begin to fall at the base of the branches. After leaf fall, the branches extending from the trunk weaken and die. The fruits also change color and fall early. If you dig up a plant, it turns out that the root system is very damaged.

The disease is transmitted by insects or budding (plant grafting). There is no treatment. It is recommended to destroy the infected tree.

Xylopsorosis

A virus that can reside in a plant and not develop for up to 10 years. Outwardly it is very similar to gommosis, as it damages the bark of the plant. But he is not being treated.

Infection, which affects plants in open ground in spring, and indoor ones - from autumn to spring. The first signs of the disease are dull color of the leaves. They fall from the tree, while the petioles remain on the branches. After the leaves fall, the shoots begin to dry out with a simultaneous change in the color of the bark. It becomes carrot or orange-red in color. Drying continues from the end of the branches to the base, and then moves on to the main trunk. The disease cannot be treated.

It is recommended to use the biofungicide "Fitosporin" since it is non-toxic. It is also added to irrigation water to prevent fungal diseases. For prevention, gardeners recommend spraying tangerines with a solution of Bordeaux mixture (1%) two to three times a season. The causative agent of the disease Phoma tracheiphila Petri is spread by spores that emerge from shelter in rainy weather and are carried by the wind or working tools. Mandarin is considered not only a dietary, but also a medicinal fruit. They contain a lot of potassium, mineral salts, carotene, fats, proteins, organic acids, sugar, and fiber. Therefore, tangerines and fresh juice from them are recommended for people with heart disease. The peel contains a lot, therefore, decoctions and infusions from it are recommended for intestinal disorders, nausea and other gastrointestinal diseases. Rubbing the juice helps fight fungal diseases on the skin.

Diseases caused by lack of fertilizers and microelements

Sometimes external manifestations plant ailments turn out to be signs of a lack of important microelements in the soil.

Indoor lemon, like all citrus fruits, often suffers from diseases of a viral, infectious and even fungal nature. Lemon diseases are most often the result of improper care: lack of useful substances and moisture, care errors. The plant is slowly dying.

Scale insects are a common pest of lemons.

If a lemon at home shows signs of some kind of disease, then you should act. Advice from experienced plant growing specialists can help with this.

Why does indoor lemon get sick?

Diseases of homemade lemons occur for several reasons. The most common of them is weakening the plant’s immunity. The person himself is partly to blame for this. Causes of weakened immunity:

errors in care;
improper watering and fertilization;
unfavorable microclimatic conditions (air temperature, humidity, etc.);
errors in pruning.

All these errors lead to the plant becoming weak. The impact of an old disease cannot be ruled out.

Another reason is viruses and bacteria. They can get into a pot with a plant different ways. Some bacteria spread through the air. Others do not get into the pot themselves, but through their main carriers - insects. Indoor lemon due to lack of oxygen. Like all living things, it needs fresh air. And if a pot of citrus fruit is placed in an unventilated area, the risk of signs of disease increases several times.

The most common reasons are those that a person commits during his first attempts to care for a lemon.

Poor quality grafting material, as well as soil, can affect not only the growth and fertility of the lemon, but also cause its death.

Improper care can lead to scabs and other infections.

What pests can threaten lemons?
scale insect;

spider mite

They attack the lemon root system, branches and leaves, but each of these insects has its own characteristics.

Aphid

The fight against aphids is not without success. The main thing is to notice pests in a timely manner. All you need to do is trim off the affected leaves and branches.

Getting rid of scale insects is easy. The methods of combating it are similar to those used against aphids: insecticides and special solutions prepared at home are suitable. One of these is a soap solution:

Prepare one liter of clean water.
Pour 2 tablespoons of liquid soap into a bottle of water.
The substance is thoroughly shaken.

The prepared solution should be applied to infected leaves. It will be difficult to resist the disease with such a remedy in one go. The greatest effect is achieved in 3-4 daily procedures of 60 minutes. After finishing each, the leaves should be thoroughly washed under running water.

Spider mites are an equally common pest. It also attacks leaves. The affected area is always covered with a thin web, which is characteristic of the life activity of this insect. It’s easy to fight it: you should prepare a 1% solution of boric acid. They should be sprayed on the affected citrus fruit. After the first procedure, improvements will be noticeable. For maximum effectiveness, the course of treatment should be 3-4 days.

Spider mites often attack lemons

Bacteria and viruses

sooty fungus;
scab;
wartiness;
root rot.

The latter attacks the root system, affecting the nutritional center of the entire citrus fruit. A diseased plant dies very quickly. Therefore, at the first noticeable signs of rot (drying of the leaves and stem), the lemon should be transplanted to a new location. But this procedure has its own characteristics.

You can save citrus fruit from rot only by replacing the soil with a new one. The affected roots must be shaken off the ground, dead areas removed and the plant placed in a solution of potassium permanganate for 1 hour. This procedure destroys pathogenic microorganisms. After 60 minutes in the medicinal solution, the plant is dried and planted in a new place. To restore your lemon to its healthy appearance, you should fertilize it regularly.

Some diseases can be quickly treated. Fungus is one of them. Due to the attack of harmful microorganisms, the plant slows down its growth and dries slowly. It is difficult to confuse such a disease with another, because it is characterized by an ashen coating that forms on the leaves. Don't be afraid of such symptoms.

It is not difficult to cure the plant. You need to thoroughly rinse the affected areas under running water or wipe them with a sponge. And as a preventive measures You should regularly ventilate the room in which the pot of citrus fruit is located.

Scab often attacks domestic vegetation. This disease is characterized by the formation of spots on the leaves and stem. They quickly darken and make the leaf brittle. Affected areas may become soft, and their spread causes part of the plant to simply fall off. It is difficult to cope quickly with such a disease. The affected leaves should be removed and the healthy part of the plant should be treated with copper sulfate. And so that the disease does not bother citrus fruit later, it is important to carry out seasonal spraying. The same treatment methods correspond to warts, the main development of which is associated with the destruction of crops.

Diseases and ailments of indoors citrus plants: symptoms and photos

In this article, we will help you, using photos and descriptions of the main symptoms of ailments, recognize diseases of citrus plants.

Black coal deposit

Symptoms: Black charcoal mold spreads on leaves or fruit. It develops due to the nectar deposits of sucking insects such as aphids, mealybugs, scale insects and whiteflies.

Most effective way Prevention of this disease is the fight against these insects. To control the reproduction of insects and prevent them from secreting secretions, use any available insecticide that can be purchased at a gardening store. When spraying on a tree, make sure that the top and bottom sides of the leaves are treated equally. A second spraying may be required after 10 to 14 days, depending on the severity of insect pest damage to the plant.

To eliminate mold that has already formed, you need to spray the crown with a fungicide based on liquid copper. The use of copper sulfate to combat coal mold is quite effective, but with extensive damage to the leaves, a second spraying is required after 14 days.

Damage from growth regulator

Symptoms: Leaves curl up like a bowl or curl, turning yellowish if growth regulators have not been applied correctly. The fruits fall off while still unripe, and the plant looks lethargic.

Shortagenitrogen fertilizers

Symptoms: Leaves turn completely pale green when there is a lack of nitrogen. This is caused by unbalanced fertilizers, unfavorable soil conditions, or unhealthy roots.

Destruction of Mesophyll cells

Symptoms: Soft fabric between the veins of the leaf becomes depressed and transparent or pale green. This occurs due to spraying or watering the plant sufficiently cold water(below +10 degrees Celsius). Affected leaf tissue turns yellow-brown or dies.

Zinc deficiency

Symptoms: Extensive chlorosis develops between the veins when there is a lack of zinc fertilizer. The leaves of the plant become light green, sometimes almost white. Also, with a lack of zinc, a decrease in the size of the leaves, their curvature and ugliness, and shortened internodes are observed.

Manganese deficiency

Symptoms: Leaves become completely yellowish, but larger veins remain slightly green. The symptoms of manganese deficiency are the same as those of zinc deficiency. Both conditions are more common on young leaves that start growing in the fall, when the soil cools and root activity decreases.

Potassium deficiency

Symptoms: Yellowish leaves that are bent downward at the edges, especially at the ends, are symptoms of potassium deficiency.

Magnesium deficiency

Symptoms: yellowing of leaves, starting from the tip and sides, which progresses to inside leaf. A V-shaped dark green spot is observed at the base of the leaf.

Iron-deficiency anemia

Symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis due to iron deficiency appears as yellowing between the small dark green veins. This is often associated with cooling of the soil and a decrease in root activity, and develops on new young leaves.

Sodium toxicity

Symptoms: yellowing, brown leaves, as well as darkening of leaves and their premature falling. High total mineralization or excess sodium or chlorine can cause such leaf damage. In addition, there may be general symptoms throughout the tree, such as stunted growth.

Boron toxicity

Symptoms: Speckling or yellowing, mottling on the undersides of leaves, and premature leaf drop may be due to excess boron; severe symptoms may include dying branches.

Root rot

Root rot, also referred to as brown rot or gommosis, is a tree disease caused by Phytophthora fungi that live in the soil.

Symptoms: yellow and dying leaves, fruits that are too small in size, the trunk has damaged bark, from which dark oozes in the form of a canker. sticky liquid(gum). As a result, the bark peels off from the trunk in the form of vertical stripes. Such damage can spread along the trunk in the form of a ring.

Late blight (Phytophthora) can cause deterioration in the health of the entire tree, stopping its ability to grow, reducing the ability of the roots to absorb water and nutrients, which leads to withering. When the roots are infected, the root surface becomes soft, the color changes and they become watery. Fibrous roots have a peeling surface, leaving only a white thread-like root.

To eliminate root rot and gommosis, it is necessary to: improve soil drainage, use irrigation practices, apply fungicides, pruning affected roots and replanting the tree.

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