Insulation of walls in a dacha from the inside. Insulation of a country house for winter living

Many people want to use country house not only in winter, so the owners provide heating in the room. If this is not done, then in the cold season the house will be no warmer than a summerhouse. But even if you spent a lot on modern heating, it is possible that you will freeze and pay fabulous sums on bills if the house is not properly insulated. For heating to be effective and economical, proper insulation is required. country house. You can do it yourself, and you will save half the money.

Always up to 30% of heat loss occurs through the walls of the house

Heat loss at home can be colossal and unjustified, and always up to 30% of heat loss occurs through the walls of the house. You can fight the problem both from the inside and from the outside.

Entire separate books can be devoted to the topic of insulating a dacha from the outside. This is the most extensive of all means of insulating a dacha, and the most expensive method. Insulating a house from the outside cannot be done using improvised means. Yes, and you should choose a technology based on the recommendations of the master, since many nuances should be taken into account: what is the material of the house - timber, logs, what is the thickness of the walls, etc.

Mineral wool and polystyrene foam are used as insulation.

These materials have long been known and are the most affordable. However, today there are other, more modern and expensive ones on the market. Choose according to your taste, but do not forget that even the old-fashioned materials for thermal insulation of a dacha give excellent results.

How to insulate a country house from the outside:

• We create a sheathing frame.
• We carry out antiseptic treatment of walls.
• We install insulation.
• We install protection on the insulation - vapor barrier, wind barrier.
• We install another frame for finishing.
• Completes the finishing of the house - for example, plastering, painting or sheathing with siding.

How to insulate a country house from the inside

In order to understand how to insulate a house, country house, it is important to decide on the sequence of steps. The first thing to start with when insulating a dacha from the inside is to eliminate the reasons for cooling the house. Inside the house we have walls, floor, ceiling, windows and doors. The most extensive is the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside. This is done with mineral wool; you can also purchase modern insulation boards, they will be more expensive, but will not be more practical.

Please note that interior lining will take up some of the space in the room.

The algorithm for insulating walls from the inside is similar to the same process that we considered for external walls:

• The frame is made of wood or a profile.

• We lay mineral wool.
• We protect the insulation with insulation - there can be a lot of options here, each master has his own opinion. You can use OSB sheet, drywall, tiles, clapboard, etc. Depending on what the finishing will be, the protection and method of processing the structure are selected.

Windows and doors are a quarter of heat loss in a country house

That much, or even up to 30%, of heat escapes through uninsulated doors and windows of a country house. What to do with the doors so that they stop being a source of cold?

• Old doors need to be lined with felt around the perimeter or use modern rubber covering, which can be bought at any store.
• Insulation itself will help correct the situation door leaf, because if the door is metal, it itself is a source of cold. To make the door warm, use wooden beams, install 2-3 of them across the door with through bolts, the leaf itself is sheathed with foam plastic, and on top of the structure is covered with an OSB sheet, which we fasten with self-tapping screws. The resulting structure is up to 6 cm wide, which makes it possible to retain heat and prevent cold from entering the house.

Do-it-yourself insulation of a dacha includes solving the issue not only with the entrance, but also with interior doors, especially if the dacha has low-heating utility rooms. To prevent the cold from spreading from them, also place a seal between door frame and the wall, install a special seal at the bottom of the door to block the flow of cold air from there. Curtain the cold door with a thick curtain! It's cheaper than insulating it, but quite effective.

Install a special seal at the bottom of the door to block the flow of cold air

Having finished with the doors, it's time to move on to the windows. If you are ready to spend a substantial budget on a warm country house or are just building your own country house, you can install modern energy-efficient windows, and then this issue will be closed. The glass in old windows can also be replaced with warmer glass. However, in many country houses the windows are old, wooden, and replacing them is not part of the owners’ plans. Then insulation country house involves the transformation of old windows.

What you can do:

• Replace broken glass. If there are cracks and you cannot replace the glass, seal the cracks with regular tape. But keep in mind that the tape will only stick if the window is not frozen yet.
• To eliminate drafts, you can use modern sealants and new glazing beads, this way we will insulate the joints between the glass and the frame. The final stage requires painting the frame.
• The perimeter of the frame should be covered with insulation or foam rubber. The first can be used only as long as the temperature outside the window is not below zero, otherwise it will not last very long.
• If drafts still penetrate into the house, then we eliminate them using polyurethane foam, after which we carry out plastering and painting. All this will become an additional method of sealing, insulating your window. If using modern methods is costly, you can resort to old and cheaper means, namely using foam rubber, crumpled paper in places where the windows are leaky, gluing the top with tape and paper.
• If your windows have double frames, line them inside with pieces of cotton wool, foam rubber or wads of paper.

By taking these measures, you will achieve the effect that the windows will stop blowing. There is a more radical way: using cling film and a furniture stapler, “sew up” the entire frame from the inside. This method, of course, will damage aesthetics, but if warmth is more important than beauty, it will be very effective. Don’t forget about textiles: thick curtains can also remove some heat loss.

An uninsulated floor “eats” 15% of the heat

The walls, doors and windows are insulated. But there is also gender. It is the cold floor that causes colds, because frozen feet are a direct ticket to sick leave. In addition, it will be completely uncomfortable in a house with a cold floor.

If you do not act radically by completely insulating the floor, limit yourself to sealing the joints between the floor and the baseboard.

It is rational to use strips of foam flora; we place its foil edge inside, attach the strip itself so that it slightly extends onto the wall, and the other end lies on the floor. By taking such simple measures, you can feel that the floor will become noticeably warmer.

Continuous thermal insulation is, of course, more practical. Both foam flooring and polystyrene foam are used here. It is worth choosing high-density material. The foam should be placed on the screed, and then the frame should be placed under flooring. Insulation is carried out by installing a wooden frame with a convenient spacing of beams, inside which foam plastic is tightly placed. Density is very important to prevent cold bridging.

The structure can be covered with boards or OSB sheets, and the floor can be finished on top using the method you choose.

Don't avoid carpeting! They can not only add coziness, but also make the floor warmer!

Another 15% of the heat flies into the uninsulated ceiling!

After all the operations performed on the walls, windows, doors, and floors, the house will become much warmer, but warm air, according to the laws of physics, will rise upward, and it is necessary that it not be met there cold ceiling and roof, which can reduce the efforts made to almost nothing. To prevent this from happening, the ceiling should be insulated.

This step solves two problems at once - it prevents the penetration of cold from the outside and the escape of heat from the inside. If the insulation is done correctly, the country house will become like a kind of thermos that will maintain a comfortable temperature.

The easiest way is to insulate the ceiling. It is more expensive to insulate the roof in the attic. You may well not do this, because previously the roofs of peasant houses were not insulated. Experts believe that such insulation is only necessary if the house has a second residential floor. If not, it is more advisable to think about how to insulate the ceiling in a dacha inexpensively, without spending money on insulating the roof.

To insulate the ceiling in a dacha, you will first need to sheathe the surface with a frame.

Both wood and profiles are used depending on preferences and further ideas for decorative finishing. It is rational to make a frame around the perimeter of the room from a profile, reinforcing it with transverse bars. Insulation will be laid between them and they will also be the basis for finishing ceiling, for laying drywall.

You should lay the insulation on the ceiling carefully, protecting your eyes from getting mineral wool.

If you use foam plastic, then you should choose one that is quite dense - PSB-S 25 is optimal. Polystyrene foam is more economical, but it will be even more effective to use polystyrene foam boards with a milled edge: these are laid overlapping, there will be no gaps between the slabs, and heat will not evaporate. Having laid the insulation, we install a vapor barrier and complete the decorative lining of the ceiling.

Even after spending relatively little money, you can insulate a country house with your own hands. In any case, go ahead, paper-insulated windows and insulating textiles on the doors are already plus 3-4 degrees in the room! Well, if you spent money on an insulating inner layer on the walls or made a similar outer layer, then you can proudly say that you were able to adequately insulate the house!

And here is the promised example of how to insulate a country house with your own hands.

Click on the first photo and scroll with the right or left arrows on your keyboard.

Proper insulation of the walls of a country house is always topical issue for owners. It often arises again and again due to the fact that improved ones appear on the construction market, and this diversity makes it difficult to choose the optimal option.

Usually, suburban areas are relatively far from the city, so many people prefer to spend all their free time in the country, starting from early spring and ending in late autumn. As you know, during this period the nights are still or already cold, and the thin walls of light buildings are not able to retain heat indoors, so sooner or later the problem of their high-quality thermal insulation becomes more acute. Moreover, some owners would not mind spending the Christmas and New Year weekends in the countryside, but without reliable insulation this desire will be simply unrealistic.

You can use different types of insulation for walls inside a country house, especially since the modern wide range allows you to choose it to suit every taste and budget. In order to save on heating a country house and create a comfortable microclimate for relaxation, it is necessary to select high-quality material. It should not only help maintain the required temperature in the premises, but also be safe for the health of residents, and also last long years without losing its thermal insulation qualities. Therefore, to begin with, it is worth highlighting the criteria by which it is necessary to choose insulation installed inside residential premises.

Criteria for choosing insulation for walls

Any material used in the construction or finishing of residential buildings must meet sanitary requirements and comply with safety regulations. Insulating material should be selected according to the same principles.

The main criteria for evaluating thermal insulation materials are as follows:

• Environmental safety of insulation. Material under specified operating conditions (within established temperature range) should not emit harmful fumes.
• Fire resistance. Very important condition especially for light country houses that can be heated by stoves in cold weather. The material must be non-flammable (NG), or have the lowest flammability category (G1).
• Energy saving. The insulation, of course, must have low thermal conductivity.
• Soundproofing qualities of the material. Perhaps such a property may not seem so important for dacha conditions, however, this would be misleading. Sometimes, even outside the city, a property may be surrounded by not-so-quiet neighbors who play music at maximum volume at any time of the day. At dachas, motorized agricultural or gardening equipment is often used. There may be a busy highway or branch nearby railway. Therefore, it would also be useful to take into account this quality of the insulating material.
• Vapor permeability of insulation. This quality is necessary so that all fumes that invariably arise and accumulate in the premises of the house are not retained inside the thermal insulation layer, but are freely released into the atmosphere. Otherwise, the insulation will sharply lose its thermal insulation qualities, and in addition, sooner or later mold will appear in it, which will spread along the walls, and then into the structure of the material from which they are built.
• Durability of the material. In order not to replace the insulation every 4-5 years due to the fact that it simply will not perform the stated functions, it would be wise to immediately choose material from a trusted manufacturer who values ​​​​its reputation and will not deceive its buyer.
• Strength insulation material. It's about, rather, not about rigidity (not all insulation materials have this property), but about the ability to hold a given shape, since it is subject to various loads during operation - static, dynamic, vibration, etc.
• Biological and chemical stability. The material should not decompose over time, undergo rotting or chemical decomposition. Another quality that is desirable for insulation materials used to insulate country houses, both inside and outside - they should not be a favorable environment for insects and rodents.

• In addition, in order to achieve the desired effect, you need to choose insulation that is ideal for the material from which the house is built - there are some incompatibilities in this matter. Moreover, the thickness of the insulation is also selected taking into account the thickness and material of the external walls.

Main types of insulation materials

Several types of insulation materials are suitable for insulating a country house from the inside. To help you figure out which one to choose, their characteristics will be discussed in more detail below.

So, this list of thermal insulation materials includes:

• Basalt and glass wool, which can be purchased in mats or rolls.
• Ecowool, made from cellulose fibers, in bulk or formed into mats.
• Expanded polystyrene in slabs.
• Sprayed materials - penoizol or

Before moving on to detailed descriptions of the characteristics, you should immediately study their comparative description, which may help you take the first step towards the right choice insulation:

Basic physical and performance characteristics These insulation look like this:

It should be noted that improved types of these insulation materials are being produced that have improved performance characteristics. Their parameters will be presented below.

Glass wool

Glass wool is made from fibers obtained by melting quartz sand(glass scrap) and some additives. The average fiber length is 30÷50 mm. The resulting mats have fairly high dimensional stability and vibration resistance.

Glass wool has good soundproofing qualities, chemical resistance, and high thermal insulation properties. The operating temperature range of the material is from - 60 to + 180 °C. When this temperature is exceeded, the fibers themselves remain intact, but the resinous binder undergoes destructuring, so the fibrous structure can sinter or disintegrate.

Glass wool is used mainly for insulation non-residential premises, since its fibers are particularly fragile, and it is undesirable for them to enter the air of inhabited rooms.

In addition, mice may well settle in layers of glass wool, making nests and passages in it. Therefore, it can be used in country houses if measures are taken to protect the structure from rodents.

The rodent problem can be very serious!

How to achieve good thermal insulation at home and at the same time try to avoid close proximity to rodents - read the article, which can be found on the pages of our portal.

Now let’s look at several brands of glass wool, which in terms of their quality and performance characteristics can safely be considered standard.

"Isover"

One of the most famous brands mineral wool fiberglass based is "Isover". This insulation is produced in slabs and rolls, and can have different densities. For example, if thermal insulation is laid under thick plaster, then rigid slabs with increased density are selected - these are “Isover OL-E” and “Isover OL-A”.

Isover glass wool is made from quartz sand with the addition of soda and limestone, and synthetic phenol-formaldehyde resins are used as a binder for the fibers. After mixing the finished fibers with a binder, they are subjected to heat treatment with pressing, due to which the mats acquire the necessary rigidity. Isover brand materials are famous for their durability.

The main characteristics of these insulation materials are given in the table:

"URSA"

Another well-known brand of insulation of this type is “URSA”. The technologists of this company managed to minimize the characteristic disadvantages of glass wool. The material is characterized by excellent durability, strength of the fibers, and the special structure of the mats and slabs extremely simplifies their installation when insulating building structures.

The variety of URSA brand insulation is extremely large. In private construction practice, it is recommended to use the URSA GEO line of materials, as they are maximally adapted to such conditions and safe for human health.

Some insulation products from the URSA GEO line are presented in the table below:

Insulation based on basalt wool

Such insulation materials are made from a melt of gabbro-basalt rocks, and are considered the best option for insulating walls and other surfaces from the inside of private houses. The thermal conductivity of basalt fibrous materials is comparable to glass wool, but they have much more suitable qualities for use in residential premises. For example, “stone” fibers are not as brittle as glass, and slabs usually have a higher density, which means that the strength properties of basalt insulation are significantly higher.

Basalt wool is produced in slabs and rolls, which can be additionally stitched and equipped, enhancing the insulating effect. General characteristics basalt wool were presented in the table, and specific qualities for its individual varieties will be shown below.

There are many well-known brands of basalt insulation materials, foreign and domestic production. The most popular ones include TechnoNIKOL, Rockwool and « Knauf."

"TechnoNIKOL"

The table shows popular brands of basalt wool from the TechnoNIKOL company, which are perfect for thermal insulation of a private country house.

"Rockwool"

The Rockwool company can be called the most famous in the production of basalt insulation. She is a kind of “trend setter”, constantly modifying her products, bringing them to perfection. Thus, “Rockwool” basalt wool was assigned the NG category, that is, the material is recognized as absolutely non-flammable thanks to improved manufacturing technology.

This manufacturer produces a very wide variety of basalt-based insulation materials. But in our case, for insulating walls in a country house, the optimal choice would be “ROCKWOOL LIGHT BUTTS” or “ROCKWOOL LIGHT BUTTS SCANDIC”.

The main parameters of insulation of the “ROCKWOOL LIGHT BUTTS” type are given in the table:

Video: ROCKWOOL basalt mineral wool is an excellent material for wall insulation

« Knauf»

« Knauf" is a German company that is well known to Russian consumers, as it specializes in the production of various building materials of guaranteed quality. Basalt insulation materials from this brand are no exception.

For insulation, you can choose material from the “Insulation” line - but they are considered professional-class insulation, which, naturally, is reflected in the price. For private housing construction, a special line of products is provided, with the very characteristic names TeploKNAUF Cottage, House and Dacha. The characteristics of these insulation materials are shown in the table:

It should be noted that even the highest quality mineral wools have a common drawback - these are fiber-binding components that can release environment fumes harmful to humans. However, in our time, leading manufacturers make bold statements that they completely abandon the use of formaldehyde resins, using innovative technologies formation of the fibrous structure of the insulation. Of course, such materials should be given preference.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Everyone is familiar with the very popular insulation material - which is widely used in private construction. But you need to be extremely careful with its use, since it has a number of very serious disadvantages, due to which it was completely abandoned in many European countries.

Such negative properties of polystyrene foam include:

• High flammability of the material. Moreover, during combustion, it actively melts and spreads, as well as the release of toxic smoke, which is deadly to human life.
• With prolonged use, polystyrene foam also begins to release toxic fumes into the environment (its chemical structure cannot be classified as stable organic compounds). Such fumes, containing toxic free styrene, can penetrate even concrete walls.
• In addition, ordinary polystyrene foam is easily chewed by mice, and if it has a thickness of 80–100 mm, then they can easily make their home in it.

Glass wool

Extruded polystyrene foam has a fine-cell structure and is obtained by melting polystyrene granules when heated to high temperatures, introducing a foaming agent into the melt, and then giving the desired shape by pressing through the extruder nozzles. . Moreover, it is important to note that if earlier foaming took place using freons, which were not harmless to humans, today they have been replaced by freon-free compounds based on ordinary carbon dioxide.

Unlike polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, due to its density and lack of vapor permeability, does not attract rodents as a permanent place of residence, and they can only gnaw on it in several places.

Extruded polystyrene foam has a low coefficient of moisture absorption and thermal conductivity, high compressive strength, excellent frost resistance and chemical resistance. In addition, the material is not subject to rotting, so it is excellent for both indoor and outdoor use.

On Russian market There are several well-known brands of similar insulation, and it is recommended to choose material from trusted manufacturers, since thermal insulation of unknown origin will most likely not meet all the requirements for efficiency and operational safety.

"Styrodur"

Solid extruded polystyrene foam "Styrodur" is used in various fields of construction. It is great for insulating not only walls, floors and attic floors, but even for the foundations of houses.

Styrodur insulation has the following physical and operational characteristics:

— average material density 25÷45 kg/m³;

— thermal conductivity 0.025÷0.033 W/(m×°C);

— water absorption – no more than 0.1÷0.5% of the volume;

— maximum temperature of use — +75 °С.

— vapor permeability 0.008-0.009 Mg/(m×h×Pa).

This material is produced in the form of light green slabs. They are equipped with tongue-and-groove lamellas, which allow you to create a seamless coating for the wall surface, without leaving “cold bridges”. The insulation is non-toxic, odorless and does not generate dust, so it is good suitable at home and dachas.

"Penoplex"

Another, more popular among domestic consumers, insulation from this series is, which has several varieties that eloquently speak about its purpose - these are “Wall”, “Foundation”, “Roof” and the universal one - “Comfort”. Two types are suitable for wall insulation - “Wall” and “Comfort”.

The dimensions of the insulation boards are shown in the table below:

The main technical and operational characteristics of Penoplex are as follows:

— thermal conductivity coefficient – ​​0.030 W/(m×°С);

— water absorption – no more than 0.2÷0.4% of the volume;

— vapor permeability – 0.007÷0.008 Mg/(m×h×Pa);

— operating temperature range – from -50 to +75 °C;

— durability declared by the manufacturer is 50 years.

• "Penoplex S", intended for insulation of internal and external walls, contains fire retardants, which make the material resistant to fire (G1). Thanks to its high thermal insulation properties, low moisture absorption, resistance to temperature changes and the presence of a locking connection, this type of insulation is able to create reliable thermal protection for the premises of the house.
• “Penoplex F”, used for insulating the foundation, is produced without the addition of fire retardants, since they are not necessary, because part of the insulated base is in the ground, which reduces the risk of any fire to zero. Therefore, due to the lack of fire resistance (the material usually belongs to category G4), such insulation cannot be used for insulation wooden floors and walls.
• "Penoplex K", although it has a specific purpose - for roof slopes, can be used in all areas of building insulation, therefore it is one of the most popular types.
• “Penoplex Comfort” is a material of increased versatility, designed specifically for use in residential construction, so it is also well suited for thermal insulation of cottage walls.

Insulation of a country house

How to properly insulate a dacha to minimize heat loss

Insulation of the walls, floor and ceiling of a country house is relevant due to rising energy prices, which implies a decrease in savings due to significant heat losses from the premises of country houses.

An insulated country house will ensure a comfortable stay in it, as in warm summer days, and in the cold winter time.

Insulating a country house from the inside with your own hands means, using the most suitable insulation materials, thermally insulating the entire room, including walls, ceiling and floor.

It is first necessary to calculate the required amount of insulation, taking into account the dimensions of the walls, ceiling and floor of the room. In order for a heat insulator to efficiently insulate a country house from the inside, the thickness of the material used as flooring must be taken into account. The most inexpensive materials are mineral wool and polystyrene foam boards.

Drawing of wall insulation for a country house.

Reliability and safety of materials that can be used to insulate a country house wooden house, should be the basic characteristics necessary to maintain human health. Thermal insulation for a wooden house should not have bad influence and on the environment. In order for the materials to insulate the dacha premises most profitably and economically, when carrying out all the work with your own hands, you should keep in mind that:

1. Heat loss through the surfaces of external wall structures is at least 40%.
2. Part of the heat loss occurs through window structures, the share of total losses is about 20%.
3. From 5 to 10 percent of the heat is lost through the floor and ceiling with the roof.
4. The ventilation system and doors of a country house can let through about 20% of the total heat volume.

Thus, the greatest heat loss occurs through the walls of a wooden and any other house. Therefore, it is very important to insulate both inside and outside the house. A house insulated from the outside is protected from the formation of condensation occurring in the internal layers of insulation. Otherwise, the heat insulator will lose its quality characteristics.

The principle of doing the work yourself is the same for any type country houses, including wooden ones. Insulation will reduce heat loss in the living space of a country house by half.

What materials and tools are needed to insulate a dacha?

Diagram of the installation of an insulated wall of a country house.

The choice of material for insulating the dacha inside and outside will be determined climatic conditions in the region of residence. Mineral wool can be used to insulate a country house if the temperature outside is not lower than 35 o C in winter period time. The highest quality mineral wool is produced using rocks (basalt, dolomite, limestone, etc.), so it has low level hygroscopicity and fire resistance. It is also distinguished by its durability.

The good thing about polystyrene foam is that, being an insulator, it is lightweight due to the high air content in its structure. It can be easily cut and fixed, and is an excellent sound insulator. It is created from various types of plastics.

Penoizol is liquid foam. The main advantage of this material is its low cost. Filling any spaces and cracks from inside the premises of a country house, it will serve for a long time reliable protection by cold.

Previously, ecowool was not insulated in country houses, so it is a newer insulator, unlike all the above materials. Ecowool - environmentally friendly and cheap option, which is becoming increasingly popular. It is better to entrust its dry installation to specialists, since it can cause an allergic reaction due to the formation large quantity suspended dust.

So, insulation of a dacha should be done using materials such as:

1. Expanded clay.
2. Insulation - mineral wool, ecowool, penoizol or polystyrene foam.
3. Ruberoid or glassine for waterproofing.
4. Ceresit glue.
5. Wooden slats for attaching waterproofing.
6. Chipboard for covering.
7. Waterproofing and vapor barrier film (not to be confused with windproof film).
8. Superdiffusion membrane.
9. Galvanized fasteners.
10. Metal mesh.

To insulate a country house with your own hands, it will be enough to prepare the following types of tools:

1. Hacksaw.
2. Hammer.
3. Bench knife.
4. Jigsaw (electric jigsaw).
5. Screwdriver.
6. Bulgarian.
7. Fasteners - nails, self-tapping screws or self-tapping screws.
8. Double-sided tape.
9. Construction foam.

Thermal insulation can be purchased in the form of a roll or slab.

How to properly insulate a country house from the inside

Features of floor insulation of country houses

Diagram of materials for insulating walls from the inside.

In order to properly insulate the floor of a country house with your own hands, you need to know the technology of flooring work different types. The insulation process for a stone floor is more labor-intensive than the work associated with laying insulation for wooden floors.

To perform work related to insulation:

1. Stone floor - you will need the ability to screed the floor. For this purpose, expanded clay is used, having previously prepared the surface of the floor indoors in the country. Before filling the floor with expanded clay, one of the types of rolled materials, that is, glassine or roofing felt, is laid on the floor. When expanded clay is already covered on top with a layer of the required thickness, it is compacted, thereby preventing capillary leakage of moisture from occurring. A layer of expanded clay is used as a heat insulator; it is covered with a polyethylene film, covering all joints with glue. After this, a concrete screed is poured and the floor is covered with a special coating when it dries. The most economical coating is used chipboard material or particle boards.
2. Wooden floors - use a special, most suitable insulation. In the same way as performing insulation work for a stone floor, it is pre-coated with roofing felt or glassine. After this, using logs, the wooden sheathing is installed. The insulation is laid between the joists. Insulation of a wooden floor is carried out with mineral wool, but not with polystyrene foam, which absolutely cannot be used. Chipboard is used as a covering; linoleum or other material can be placed on top.
3. Floors on the ground - a layer of crushed stone is poured, which is then compacted so that it is about 10 centimeters. After this, sand is poured and compacted in a layer whose thickness will be the same number of centimeters. Then they are laid with mineral wool or polystyrene boards for thermal insulation. Protection against moisture is provided by using a waterproofing film, which is the second protective layer. With its help, the preservation of insulation is ensured, which will no longer be able to lose all the necessary qualities. After this, installation is carried out metal mesh, the thickness of the concrete screed should be about 50 mm. After the concrete has completely hardened, the bedding material is laid.

Insulation of the ceiling and walls of a country house

Scheme for insulating the roof of a country house.

Before you start insulating the walls of a country or private house, they are leveled. Brick walls new buildings are plastered and covered with a primer after drying completely, then they must be puttied. If it is necessary to insulate the walls of a house that was built a long time ago, they are cleaned of old wallpaper or paint. They identify various wall defects, cracks and chips, eliminating them. Then work is carried out on plastering, priming and putty. Before attaching the foam plastic, a waterproofing underlay is made on the walls. This is necessary to prevent condensation from forming in the event of a temperature change, otherwise the insulation will rot in three years. Foam plastic, like penoplex, is attached to special Ceresit glue; dowels and screws are used less and less. The glue is applied only to the surface of the wall. Insulation sheets must be perfectly clean. The entire procedure will take 2 to 3 days. After this, to protect the insulation from moisture, a vapor barrier material is laid on the walls.

To insulate the ceiling for waterproofing purposes, take glassine and roll it out on a horizontal surface to cut it correctly. Cut 4-6 cm from the edge of the glassine sheets and attach them to the ceiling beams using wooden slats and nails or screws. Then the foam is cut and laid as tightly as possible. The minimum gap can be 0.8-1 cm. After filling the voids construction foam lay another layer of waterproofing. When laying mineral wool slabs, they should similarly fill the entire space between the beams.

You can also lay a second layer of mineral wool if the height of the beams allows, taking into account the directions of the fibers of the second layer perpendicular to the first. After the ceiling is insulated, a wooden floor is laid in the attic. The boards are nailed to the ceiling beams. The ceiling will be reliably insulated, and you can safely walk around the attic.

Insulation of the outside of a country house

Scheme of wall insulation with foam plastic.

If the country house is planned to be covered with siding, then the work will necessarily involve insulating the walls of the house from the outside. Insulation is carried out using universal slabs, which can be bought on the market or in a building materials store for a reasonable price. low prices. The minimum thickness of the slabs is 100 mm. Insulation technology involves installing slabs in a specially prepared frame. This is a structure made from vertical racks having a pitch of more than 50 cm, fixed with outside walls of a country house. After the layer of insulation and waterproofing, a superdiffusion membrane is laid, that is, a windproof film. Through this film, wall steam is released from the outer surface of the walls of the house, which extends its service life.

After all the insulation work has been completed, siding is used as a facing material. It will help make the facade of the house more attractive, while at the same time being an economical option.

To save money when insulating a country house garden house Can:

• do the thermal insulation of a country house yourself without involving workers, which will reduce the budget for this event by at least half;
• use cheap insulation and simple methods of their installation, or use what lies under your feet as thermal insulation.

Country houses can have different designs - either covered with clapboard wooden frame, or a brick house on a massive foundation, or…. Therefore, the main ways of heat leakage may be different.

Let's look at how to prevent heat loss, how to make a country house warmer, inexpensively, without serious mistakes that would lead to Negative consequences and cost overruns.

Windows, doors

A draft, if present, will remove the most heat. Therefore, old windows and doors are the main sources of cold in an ordinary country house.

The best solution to the problem of windows and doors is to replace them with new ones modern systems, preferably multi-chamber. But if such a solution is not affordable, then you need to do everything possible, first of all, with windows and doors to retain heat.

There should be two glasses in the frame; you need to try to turn the frame into a kind of double-glazed window. It is necessary to remove the glass, place it on the sealant, press it tightly with glazing beads - make their joint with the frame completely sealed - for external and internal glass.

After that, using the same sealant, or cheaper window putty, together with cloth and gauze, seal all the cracks in the frames and opening sashes. Moreover, the sealing must be done both inside the room and outside.


Bringing windows into any acceptable condition will immediately reduce heat loss by several dozen percent.

Doors should only be closed with a seal. Slot seals are sold (inserted into a special slot in the tray) or self-adhesives, which are easier to apply.

The simplest wooden or metal door, as a rule, has insufficient thermal resistance. It is not difficult to increase it by gluing 5 cm of dense foam or extruded polystyrene foam to the canvas. Then the insulation can simply be covered with some kind of panels or dermontin to add aesthetics.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling in the country - how to do it

The next most important thing is the ceiling. Warm air rises up, without insulation of the ceiling it will warm the space. You can't heat it cheaply.

Therefore, it is necessary to lay a sufficient layer of insulation on the ceiling. Which? At least 20 cm of mineral wool is recommended.

If this does not seem like a cheap undertaking, then you can, of course, replace it with leaves, sawdust, hay, straw, in general, “fluffy” organic matter, but preferably mixed with lime, so that living creatures and bacteria do not grow there. It must be laid in a layer of 30 cm or more evenly over the ceiling. Press down on top with plywood and boards for movement.


Such an event can be simplified by laying 15 cm of polystyrene foam, in 2 - 3 layers with offset seams in the layers. Polystyrene foam is dangerous in case of fire and should not be used indoors (wooden ceilings are not fire resistant)

You need to put a vapor barrier under the insulation in the attic of a country house - plastic film a continuous layer, otherwise condensed moisture may accumulate in the structure.

Creating non-cold floors

The floors in a country house are usually wooden, single-layer, and very significantly cool the entire structure by transmitting heat into the ground. To make a building warmer, it is necessary to insulate the floors.

The easiest way to do this is to tear down the wooden flooring and pour a layer of insulation into the underground. If the floors are high, then the insulation will have to be fixed between the joists. After which the wooden flooring can be returned to its place.


So, after removing the board or panel flooring, a vapor barrier is laid out on the ground - layers of roofing felt or polypropylene film (more durable) are wrapped on the walls above the floor covering.

After creating a reliable vapor barrier, the same organic-lime mass is poured over the ground as in the attic, in a layer of 25 - 30 cm or more. A gap of 3 - 5 cm is left before the final coating.

Or expanded clay, or coal slag, sifted from pellets and coal, in a fraction of at least 3 mm, in a layer of 35 cm.

If not, then a flooring is installed between the joists, covered with a vapor barrier, mineral wool is placed on it with a layer of 15 cm, covered with a vapor-permeable membrane on top.

Rodents eat polystyrene foam, so it can be used under the floor if fenced with a metal mesh.

Insulating the walls of a country house

The least expensive issue is insulating the walls of a country house. In terms of importance for insulation, walls are in last place.

You will have to purchase insulation for the walls; you will need a lot of it. Either cheap polystyrene foam is used in a layer of 10 cm if the walls are concrete, brick, cinder block, or 12 cm of mineral wool if the walls are wooden, foam concrete, or porous ceramic.

Naturally, we can only talk about the normal insulation scheme - from the outside. Insulation from the inside can only be done under duress... under the pressure of circumstances... this insulation is so unprofitable and even harmful.

In fact, in the case of foam plastic, you need to use wet facade technology. You can read more about how to insulate the walls of a country house using wet facade technology on this resource. It is worth noting here that foam insulation can be done with your own hands.

The same applies to insulating walls outside using mineral wool. The description is voluminous, we will not repeat it. Look for a detailed description on the next page. You need to make a frame from profiles, wooden beams, which is again sewn up on the outside with panels, siding...

But if you consider completely cheap insulation, then you can try to build with your own hands around a country house a virtual false wall from boards, plywood or some inexpensive panels for outdoor use.

To do this, a frame is installed on hangers with a thickness of empty space of 15 centimeters, which is filled with leaf-insulating material with lime. Horizontal bars are packed in increments of 40 cm so that the insulation does not fall down.

In this technology, it is only important to prevent water from entering the insulation from the outside, i.e. There should be no gaps in the external sheathing. But due to the heterogeneity of the insulation layer and the fragility of the materials, there is no need to talk about high-quality insulation.

As you can see, dacha, garden house You can really insulate it at very little cost. The main problem with this is the labor intensity of the work. But if you don’t rush, and insulate your country house gradually, then there shouldn’t be any problems.