Exact brick size. Brick

Brick is a material that is strong and durable. There are two main types of bricks.

1. Ceramic brick (red brick) - divided into ordinary and facing;
2. Sand-lime brick (white brick).

These are three fundamentally different types bricks - each has its own standard sizes, advantages and disadvantages.

Standard sizes of white (silicate) and red bricks

Size of regular single red and white brick(standard): 250x120x65

• Brick length - 250 mm;
• Brick width - 120 mm;
• Brick height - 65 mm.

Standard size of double silicate and ceramic bricks: 250x120x138

• Brick length - 250 mm;
• Brick width - 120 mm;
• Brick height - 138 mm.

The usual size of one-and-a-half (thickened) white and red bricks: 250x120x88

• Brick length - 250 mm;
• Brick width - 120 mm;
• Brick height - 88 mm.

Modular brick size: 280x130x80

• Brick length - 280 mm;
• Brick width - 130 mm;
• Brick height - 80 mm.

Euro facing brick size standard: 250x85x65

• Brick length - 250 mm;
• Brick width - 85 mm;
• Brick height - 65 mm.

Table of standard sizes of red and white bricks

Dimensions kiln bricks(fireproof) are the same as standard red brick sizes.

Video about brick size standards

Red brick (ceramic)

basis red brick is clay with the use of various additives, which goes through a firing process. Red brick is considered the most ancient of building materials, as well as the most versatile. Red brick is used in the construction of walls, foundations, partitions, fences and stoves. Red brick is divided into ordinary and facing.

Advantages of red brick

1. Strength and wear resistance
2. Good sound insulation
3. Low moisture absorption
4. Environmental friendliness
5. Resistant to almost everything climatic conditions
6. High strength
7. High density

Disadvantages of red brick

1. High price
2. Possibility of efflorescence
3. Bricks from only one batch

Video about the advantages and disadvantages of ceramic red brick

White brick (silicate)

White sand-lime brick less durable than red, softer and lighter. It can only be used when laying partitions and walls; however, it is not recommended to use it in critical structures such as foundations, stoves, fireplaces or plinths.

Advantages of white brick

1. Environmental friendliness
2. Soundproofing
3. High frost resistance and strength
4. Reliability and a wide range of
5. Type of painting
6. Unpretentiousness

Disadvantages of white brick

1. Reduced water resistance and heat resistance

Video about the advantages and disadvantages of white sand-lime brick

How to choose the right brick

Ordinary brick is intended for masonry, but after completion of construction it needs to be plastered. It may have a geometric pattern to better adhere to the plaster mortar. The facing brick is mostly hollow, its front surfaces are smooth and even. Dimensions building brick 250 x 120 x 65 mm, facing can be different colors and sizes, even have a relief pattern.

When buying a brick, the main thing is to know for what purpose you are purchasing it. Otherwise, you can be seduced by the beauty and line all the walls with facing bricks, and this is a considerable expense. As for the color of the brick, it depends on the clay included in its composition. Most often there are red-burning ones, which, in fact, give the red color. Less commonly, you can find white-burning clays that produce white, apricot or yellow brick. Sometimes various pigments are added to the raw material, in particular to obtain a brown color.

Technical characteristics of bricks

The main characteristic of brick is strength, that is, the ability of building materials to resist deformation without collapsing. Take a closer look at the model numbers, they will show what load per 1 square centimeter a particular brick can withstand. The designation 100 can be deciphered as 100 kilograms per 1 centimeter. The grade range of material varies from 75 to 300. For the construction of multi-storey buildings, it is worth choosing a brick of at least grade 150, and for country house or a cottage with 2-3 floors is enough for 100.

The second indicator is frost resistance, that is, the ability of the material to withstand freezing and subsequent thawing. This value is measured in cycles. To do this, factories conduct tests during which the brick is immersed in water for 8 hours, and then placed in water for the same time. freezer, this is a cycle. And so on until the characteristics of the brick begin to change. Factories and multi-story buildings They are built from bricks, the frost resistance of which is at least 35 cycles. There are also materials on the market with low frost resistance, 25 or 15 cycles. It costs much less, but is not very suitable for Russian regions. However, it is better to entrust the determination of the brand of brick for your home to a specialist.

In any developing country in the world, various houses and structures are constantly being built. Today, many building materials are known. This and reinforced concrete slabs, concrete, blocks. Brick is of particular importance. This is a unique building material, without which it is difficult to imagine daily life. It has been used for decades. Of particular importance is the size of the red solid brick. There is a huge range of this product on the construction market. There are 2 types of bricks: solid and hollow. Both forms have found application in one field or another.

Due to its characteristics, red solid brick is successfully used in the construction of high-quality and comfortable low-rise buildings.

Built using red bricks load-bearing walls, columns, pillars. And this is not the entire list of areas of its use. Due to its physical and chemical properties, this building material is the basis for the construction of pipes, stoves or fireplaces. This stone is varied in size and external characteristics. Let us consider in more detail what length, width and height should be standard brick Red.

External characteristics

Any person involved in construction should know the overall dimensions of this stone. Currently, there are standard sizes and non-standard ones. In the first case, the length of the red brick is 250 mm, the width is 120 mm, and the height (thickness) is 65 mm. Of all the possible sizes, this one is the most convenient. The thing is that during the construction of buildings it is necessary to place red bricks perpendicular to each other. In this case, alternation of the longitudinal and transverse sides of the stone occurs. If you look closely at the sizes, it is easy to notice that they are almost double multiples of each other. This provides optimal location material during construction and reduces the need for sawing.

The interesting fact is that they may be different. A one-and-a-half stone is often used. It is very thick. With the same length and width, the thickness of the stone is 88 mm. In addition, in practice you can find a double stone. Its thickness is 138 mm. The sizes may be different, but the 3 varieties listed above are quite common. Custom sizes Suitable mainly for decorating houses, roofs, building facades. They are more often used for decorative purposes.

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Dimensions of solid bricks

The dimensions of hollow and solid stone do not differ. In the latter case, the dimensions are 250x120x65 mm. Hollow stones, despite their smaller volume, have excellent thermal insulation properties. As for solid red brick, it is more reliable, as a result of which it is used for the construction of more important buildings and structures. These dimensions allow without special effort lay the red brick, pick it up with one hand.

The length, width and height of the material are the main parameters that are taken into account when choosing a product. Red brick filled completely inside can be smooth or corrugated. It is advisable to use corrugated stone during use decorative plaster. In this situation, it will serve for optimal adhesion of the plaster to the working surface.

During construction work you need to remember that not only dimensions (length, width and height) are important, but also other quality criteria.

Standard sizes and modifications of hollow bricks.

For hollow bricks, the following characteristics must be taken into account: resistance to low temperatures and sufficient strength.

If we compare ordinary red brick with hollow brick, it conducts heat better. This indicates that the structure will need to be insulated. It is important that in some cases solid material manufactured according to European standards may be required. Its length is 250 mm, its width is only 60 mm, and its thickness is 65 mm. Its main purpose is to cover walls from the outside. Non-standard dimensions solid stones can be different. If you need to purchase a restoration stone, it is made to order, and the dimensions do not have specific standards.

It is determined by three parameters: length, width and height. The planes forming the sides of the brick are called spoons, pokes, and beds, respectively.

Brick is a building material that carries a centuries-old history. Since ancient times, ancient workers have used it to build structures. With the development of production technologies, new types of bricks appeared, but the dimensions of the bricks have not changed significantly since then.

Brick aspect ratio: 1:1/2:1/4. It is the proportional dimensions of the brick that create the required strength brickwork. An essential factor is the weight of the brick. There are special standards that allow using overall dimensions bricks to determine their quantity for the construction of any object, structure or structure.

Brick sizes determined by GOST.

The main GOST that determines the dimensions of bricks is GOST 530-2012 “Ceramic brick and stone”. With increasing regulations and stricter requirements for the construction of houses and other structures, the range of brick sizes. The following main types of bricks are distinguished:

1. Single (250x120x65 mm). Designation according to European marking - RF;

2. Double (250x120x138 mm);

3. One and a half (250x120x88 mm);

4. Modular (280x130x80 mm);

5. Euro brick (250x85x65 mm).

Bricks are divided into:

Full-bodied;
. hollow (slotted);

Except overall brick dimensions, there are certain permissions for deviations from the norm (defects). The size of the deviations depends on the type of building material - construction or facing. More stringent measures are required for facing materials, because the appearance of the building depends on its properties and characteristics.

For solid bricks it is allowed:

1) The presence of dullness and chips of ribs and corners (no more than two) and no more than 1.5 cm in size along the length of the rib;
2) Curvature of edges and edges is no more than 0.3 cm;
3) On the side longitudinal edges, the presence of a crack up to 3 cm long along the width of the brick is allowed.

For hollow bricks it is allowed:

1) No more than two chips on corners or edges 1-1.5 cm long, provided that they do not reach the voids;
2) Full-thickness cracks in the bed. In width they can reach the first row of voids;
3) One crack each on the butt and spoon edges.

For facing bricks it is prohibited:
1) Chips of corners, the depth of which exceeds 1.5 cm;
2) Presence of cracks;
3) Broken ribs, the width of which is more than 0.3 cm and the length exceeds 1.5 cm.

The most suitable facing material for work is considered to be one in which:
1) No more than 1 broken corners up to 1.5 cm deep;
2) Separating handwritings that in total do not exceed a length of 4 cm;
3) No more than 1 broken ribs, not exceeding 3 cm in depth, and no more than 1.5 cm in length.

Modern architectural projects allow the use of bricks of various shapes and colors. The choice of building materials today is very diverse. It is possible, without harm to the reliability and strength of the structure, to combine bricks of different textures in masonry, for example, artificially aged, variegated.

In order to reduce the weight of the structure, size bricks one-and-a-half and double are often produced hollow. Greater prevalence in modern construction obtained porous large-sized blocks. The use of ceramic brick simplifies and speeds up the construction process, while reducing the consumption of masonry composition, since this type of brick is lighter and warmer than usual.

Red, sand-lime and facing bricks - sizes and purpose.

1. Red (ceramic) brick is produced by firing pressed clay briquettes. Red brick is a multifunctional material, it is used in the construction of walls, various designs, partitions, foundations, fences, when laying stoves. Brands of solid red brick: 300, 250, 200, 150, 120, 100, 75. The brand of brick shows how much pressure the brick can withstand (kg/cm2).

2. White (silicate) brick is produced on the basis of silicate. The characteristics of this material, in comparison with red brick: softness, lightness, low strength, versatility. The scope of application of sand-lime brick is narrower: the construction of walls and partitions.

By purpose, the following are distinguished: types of bricks:

Ordinary brick (guarantees performance characteristics masonry);

. Clinker brick (features a low degree of water absorption and high strength, which makes this type of material resistant to use in various aggressive environments). Scope of application: decorative material.

. Fireclay (fireproof) brick (marked “Ш”, used mainly in industry)
. Facing brick (can be chopped, smooth, etc.). Basic brick dimensions:

• 290x140x85 mm;
• 250x85x65 mm;
• 250x120x88 mm;
• 250x80x65 mm;
• 250x60x65 mm;
• 250x120x65 mm.

In addition to the well-known rectangular shape, the brick can have a wedge shape. The scope of application of this type of brick: laying vaults and arches of radii of different curvature. When using facing bricks, it is possible to create ideal masonry external walls, implement interior decoration premises.

Brick size, characteristics overview and application

Stone of natural origin has served as the main construction means during the construction of capital buildings. However, the established foundations have not held up since the advent of building material modernity – brick. People were able to independently transform the required characteristics into ready product. Day by day we everywhere see areas of application of this type of building materials in very diverse areas. Today there are no barriers, if you want to purchase a standard brick standard type: you can find out the dimensions as well as the selection criteria from the materials in this article.

Application areas of typical bricks, brick size and classification

Without false modesty, standard brick can be classified as a very versatile material that is widely used in most construction fields. Today there are a couple of varieties and standards of bricks. Rational selection of standard bricks is the basis for a good result of the entire complex of construction works.

Standard brick - types

Depending on the main manufacturing components and the characteristics of the material, standard bricks are classified into 3 main groups:

• Standard red brick.
• Silicate (white) brick.
• Ceramic brick.
• Brick for cladding.

Areas of frequent use of bricks:

• Removal of both load-bearing and ordinary walls;
• Construction of foundations and plinths;
• arrangement of basements;
• façade cladding;
• construction of stairs;
• removal of partitions;
• Installation of stoves, chimneys and fireplaces themselves.

The red standard brick that is familiar to all of us has gained the greatest demand and distribution. Its technical characteristics are ideal for performing a variety of tasks in construction. It is used to construct elevator shafts in high-rise buildings, columns, and building foundations. Often standard bricks are used as the basis for the foundation masonry of private houses.

If we are talking about the construction of stairs, then it is quite appropriate to use ceramic construction products. Ceramics are much more resistant to moisture, temperature changes and other atmospheric influences. Plus, ceramics are very susceptible to mechanical transformations, which makes it possible, if necessary, to cut bricks without difficulty.

Brick size

Today there are single, one-and-a-half and 2nd bricks, as for the exact dimensional characteristics, then we will describe them below in the text.

Standard brick dimensions

During the period of the formation of construction crafts, a number of standards were developed according to which this type of material was produced. The size of the 1st type brick is: brick width 120 mm, brick length 250 mm, as for the height, it is 65 mm. It is these brick sizes that are ideal for laying alternating along the longitudinal-transverse principle.

How is a standard brick selected? Its technical aspects and characteristics

Before purchasing a standard brick, you need to understand your final goal. It is this that will subsequently determine the choice of material for construction.

The color of a brick block directly depends on the type of clay on the basis of which it is made. The most common type is a red burning clay mass. It ultimately gives the product its final red hue. Less often we can find standard bricks of white, yellowish and apricot colors, for the production of which white-burning clay is used. It happens that for the desired result or shade, a specialized pigment is added to the base.

The usual one is suitable for removing wall partitions and building any structure.

• standard brick dimensions: 250x120x56 mm.

In the future, this brick will definitely require finishing according to the type, plastering. Facing, in turn, has exclusively flat and smooth surfaces, and does not require any finishing. But with all this, the cost of both the actual type and the size of the brick varies dramatically.

Brick strength

A very important aspect when choosing a brick is strength, in other words, the ability of a block not to collapse under external loads. To build a house of one floor as a whole, a holding value of 100 kg per 1 cm is sufficient. If we are talking about multi-story construction, then the final value should be at least 150. The strength of a single batch is indicated on the manufacturer’s packaging.

There is also another indicator that affects the quality of blocks - frost resistance. This indicator is measured in cycles. Determined and set for each brand of blocks. The final product is placed in an aqueous environment and then added to the freezer. The test period is 8 hours.

When ordering materials, you need to know their parameters. Even such a well-known material as brick has a large number of species and varieties. The good news is that its parameters are standardized. The standard brick size and its quality characteristics have been determined.

Types of building bricks

Based on the material, bricks can be ceramic (clay, red) or silicate (white). By purpose - ordinary (construction) and finishing (facade). Ordinary is used for laying walls and requires subsequent finishing, so a notch can be applied to the side edges (of the spoons) so that the plaster holds better.

Types of bricks - ordinary and special

Depending on the method of molding, bricks can be solid or hollow (hollow). A solid one is formed from a homogeneous composition. Use where it is important mechanical strength- foundations, load-bearing walls.

Hollow has a certain percentage of voids, due to which the weight of the structure is reduced and thermal conductivity characteristics are improved. But the presence of voids significantly reduces sound insulation performance - the voids act as resonators. So you need to use them wisely.

Ceramic brick size

Ceramic bricks are fired parallelepipeds formed from clay. Quality is largely determined by correctly maintained firing parameters, as well as the composition of the clay solution. High-quality ceramic bricks can be used for any construction operation: for laying a foundation (solid), constructing external walls and internal partitions.

Building bricks have certain dimensions determined by standards. The most commonly used single brick size is 250*120*65 mm

The main disadvantage of this building material is some variation in geometry. It is explained by the characteristics of the clay - it can have different “fat content”, which makes it difficult to accurately predict how much the dimensions will decrease during drying/firing.

What to look for when choosing

When choosing red brick, you should pay attention to its color. It displays the quality of the batch with a parameter such as brick size. It can be under-burnt or over-burnt. The second option is not bad in operation (it looks darker than usual), but it is better not to use unburned brick (lighter and looser) at all - it falls apart very quickly.

The second point that you need to pay attention to is the absence of foreign inclusions. The most common are light dots and expanded clay. Both lead to rapid destruction of the brick. So we select only batches with uniform coloring without any additives.

More quality criteria

That is, the requirements for an ordinary building brick quite loyal. The presence of these defects does not affect the quality of the masonry, and the decorative component is unimportant, since the presence of finishing is assumed. Don’t forget to check the size of the brick - the spread in one batch should not be more than 3 mm.

The requirements for finishing (cladding) ceramic bricks are more stringent. Invalid:

• Chips of edges more than 1.5 cm deep.
• There should be no cracks.
• There should be no breaks on the ribs more than 3 mm wide and more than 1.5 cm long.

To comply with these requirements, the finishing bricks are placed on pallets, the corners are protected with boards cut at an angle, and the entire structure is wrapped in film. It is transported in this form.

Dimensions

The optimal size of clay bricks (red, ceramic) was determined historically. It has been produced for thousands of years, and as a result, perfect combination lengths, which is reflected in the standard. It was adopted only in the last century. There are three standard options:

One of the features is that a single brick can be solid or hollow. One-and-a-half and double - only hollow, otherwise they turn out to be too heavy for comfortable work.

In addition to the standard ones, there is a reduced brick. It is produced in Europe, but it also comes to us. Its parameters and international designation are summarized in a table.

Which size is better

In the post-Soviet space, single brick is most often used. It is very familiar to our eyes; many masonry schemes have been developed for it. It’s worth mastering this kind of material.

One-and-a-half bricks are used less frequently. It provides some economic benefits. Firstly, a cubic meter costs a little lower. Secondly, since the masonry fragments are larger, less solution is consumed. Thirdly, the work goes faster. Time is saved due to the larger size. But working with a one-and-a-half brick is more difficult, even if it’s hollow – it’s hard to hold in your hand. And the appearance of the wall is unusual.

Double brick is more often called ceramic building stone. When using it, the most noticeable effect is the speed of construction. In addition, the saving of the solution increases. But you won’t be able to grab such a brick with one hand. Therefore, it is better to work with an assistant. Appearance The masonry leaves much to be desired, so exterior finishing is desirable.

If we talk about other countries, the most popular ones in Europe are NF and DF. Imported NF ceramic bricks have almost the same proportions as domestic ones. DF category is thinner, the masonry looks elegant.

Dimensions of sand-lime brick

Sand-lime brick is made from quartz sand(9 parts) and lime (1 part), some additives. This building material has best characteristics in terms of thermal conductivity (conducts heat worse), less weight. The technology is such that it is easier to maintain geometric dimensions, so there are usually no problems.

But it is not as hard as red brick, and it is also afraid of moisture - with prolonged contact with moisture it begins to crumble. Because of this, the main area of ​​use is for the construction of walls and partitions. Neither for the foundation nor for ground floor, nor can it be used for laying a chimney.

The second area of ​​application is as finishing material. The base composition has a white, slightly grayish color. You can add any dye to it and get colored bricks.

The dimensions of building silicate bricks are the same as those of ceramic bricks: single has a height of 65 mm, one and a half – 88 mm, double – 138 mm.

Single and one-and-a-half silicate bricks can be solid or hollow. A single solid one weighs 3.6 kg, a hollow one weighs 1.8-2.2 kg, depending on the size of the voids. A full-bodied one and a half has a mass of 4.9 kg, and a hollow one - 4.0-4.3 kg.

Double sand-lime bricks are usually made hollow. Its weight is 6.7 kg. Full-bodied ones are rare - due to their large mass (7.7 kg) they are difficult to work with.

Weight of one piece: ceramic, silicate, ordinary, obverse

The weight of the brick is needed, firstly, to calculate the foundation; this parameter is especially important when; secondly, for cargo transportation; and thirdly, to determine quality and compliance with GOST requirements.

In addition to standard size bricks, there are a large number of lightweight finishing bricks. For example, there is a silicate one and a half, which weighs only a little more than a standard single - 4.1-5.0 kg.

There is the so-called “American” - with a standard single size and a weight of only 2.5 kg. Lightweight versions can be used in case of insufficient bearing capacity of the foundation. Although, it is better to use a lighter finish - facade slabs, for example.

Fireclay brick parameters

For the construction of stoves and fireplaces in the area of ​​contact with fire, special fire-resistant bricks are used. In its production, a special type of clay is used - fireclay. That’s why such a brick is also called fireclay. The production process is the same as for building red bricks - molding, drying, firing in a kiln. But, due to the special properties of fireclay, the resulting building material can easily withstand prolonged contact with open fire. There are two brands of refractory bricks used in everyday life general purpose- SHA and ShB. ShA can withstand temperatures up to 1690°C, ShB - up to 1650°C, all other parameters are identical. Therefore, their scope of application is the same - this is the molding of fireboxes for fireplaces and stoves.

Encode the size of the refractory brick in the number that appears after the abbreviation:

• ШБ-5, ША 5 - 230*114*65 mm;
• ShB-6, ShA 6, ShA 14 - 230*114*40 mm (flying blade);
• ШБ-8, ША 8 - 250*125*65 mm;
• ШБ-9, ША 9 - 300*150-65 mm;

Most often they use ShA 8 or ShB 8. They are the same in length and thickness as the ceramic red brick from which the rest of the stove is made. There is also a wedge-shaped refractory brick - for forming firebox arches and smooth curves in the horizontal plane.

There are two types of wedge refractory bricks:

These are not all the sizes and types of fireclay bricks. You will find more in GOST 8691-73.

Clinker brick

Clinker brick is another special type of ceramic brick. In its manufacture, a special type of clay is used - refractory shale. The formed blocks are fired at very high temperatures. high temperature— 1200°C. As a result of this processing, the clay acquires the properties of ceramics, the color ranging from dark red to rich brown.

Clinker brick has very high strength and abrasion resistance. You can use it to pave roads or decorate porches. And they will serve for centuries. The surface of the clinker is flat, smooth, shiny. This allows it to be used also as a finishing brick - for finishing facades, etc.

The shape and size of clinker bricks can be very different - there are a lot of them, since there are not only standard ones - in the form of a parallelepiped, but also with beveled undersides different angles, rounded edges.