Russian folk hut drawing. Russian hut, its decoration and household utensils
One of the symbols of Russia, which, without exaggeration, the whole world admires, is the wooden hut. Indeed, some of them amaze with their incredible beauty and uniqueness. About the most unusual wooden houses - in the review of “My Planet”.
Where: Sverdlovsk region, village of Kunara
In the small village of Kunara, located 20 km from Nevyansk, there is a fabulous tower, recognized in 1999 at a competition of homemade wooden architecture as the best in our country. The building, reminiscent of a large gingerbread house from a fairy tale, was created by hand by a single person - blacksmith Sergei Kirillov. He created this beauty for 13 years - from 1954 to 1967. All decorations on the facade of the Gingerbread House are made of wood and metal. And children holding posters in their hands with the inscriptions: “Let there always be sun...”, “Fly, doves, fly...”, “Let there always be mother...”, and rockets ready to soar up, and riders on horses, and the sun, and heroes, and symbols of the USSR... And also many different curls and unusual colors. Anyone can enter the courtyard and admire the man-made miracle: Kirillov’s widow does not lock the gate.
Where: Smolensk region, Flenovo village, historical and architectural complex “Teremok”
This historical and architectural complex includes four buildings that previously belonged to the famous philanthropist Maria Tenisheva. Deserves special attention Main estate, created in 1902 according to the design of Sergei Malyutin. This carved fairy-tale mansion - a real masterpiece Russian small architecture. On the main facade of the house there is an incredibly beautiful window. In the center, above the carved frames, the Firebird with a flirtatious crest sat down to rest, and on both sides of her graceful skates reared up. The wonderful animals are warmed by the carved sun with its rays, and the ornate fairy-tale patterns of flowers, waves and other curls amaze with their fantastic airiness. The log frame of the tower is supported by green scaly mountain snakes, and two months are located under the roof arch. On the window on the other side is the Swan Princess, “floating” on wooden waves under a carved sky with the Moon, month and stars. Everything in Flenovo was decorated in this style at one time. It’s a pity that this beauty was preserved only in photographs.
Where: Irkutsk, st. Friedrich Engels, 21
Today's House of Europe is the former estate of the Shastin merchants. This house is one of business cards Irkutsk. It was built in the middle of the 19th century, but only in 1907 it was decorated with carvings and nicknamed Lace. Openwork wooden decorations, elegant patterns of the facade and windows, amazingly beautiful turrets, complex outlines of the roof, curly wooden columns, relief carvings of shutters and trim make this mansion completely unique. All decorative elements were cut out by hand, without patterns or templates.
Where: Karelia, Medvezhyegorsky district, o. Kizhi, Museum-Reserve of Wooden Architecture "Kizhi"
This two-storey house, similar to a richly decorated tower, was built in the village of Oshevnevo in the second half of the 19th century. Later he was transported to about. Kizhi from the Big Klimets Island. Under one large wooden hut there were both residential and utility premises: this type of construction developed in the North in the old days due to the harsh winters and the peculiarities of the life of local peasants.
The interiors of the house were recreated in the mid-20th century. They represent the traditional decoration of the home of a wealthy peasant of the North late XIX centuries. Along the walls of the hut stretch massive wooden benches, above them there are voronsky shelves, in the corner there is a large bed. And of course, the obligatory oven. Authentic things of that time are also kept here: clay and wooden dishes, birch bark and copper items, children's toys (a horse, a sleigh, a loom). In the upper room you can see a sofa, a sideboard, chairs and a table made by local craftsmen, a bed, a mirror: ordinary everyday items.
From the outside, the house looks very elegant: it is surrounded by galleries on three sides, there are carved frames on the windows... The design of the three balconies is completely different: a turned baluster serves as a fencing for the western and southern balconies, while the northern one has an entirely openwork design of flat gorges. The decor of the facades is distinguished by a combination of saw-cut and volumetric carvings. And the combination of oval protrusions and rectangular teeth is a characteristic technique for “cutting” patterns in the Zaonezhye regions.
Where: Moscow, Pogodinskaya st., 12a
Old wooden houses there are very few left in Moscow. But in Khamovniki, among the stone buildings, stands a historical building, built in the traditions of Russian wooden architecture in 1856. Pogodinskaya hut is a wooden frame of the famous Russian historian Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin.
This tall log house, made of high-quality logs, was built by the architect N.V. Nikitin and presented to Pogodin by entrepreneur V.A. Kokorev. Gable roof old house is decorated with a wooden carved pattern - saw carving. Window shutters, “towels”, “valances” and other details of the hut are also decorated with wooden lace. And the bright blue color of the building, coupled with snow-white decorations, makes it look like a house from some old Russian fairy tale. But the present at the Pogodinskaya hut is not at all fabulous - now the house houses offices.
Where: Irkutsk, st. December Events, 112
The city estate of V.P. Sukachev was created in 1882. Surprisingly, over the years, the historical integrity of this structure, its amazing beauty and even most of the adjacent park area remained virtually unchanged. Log house with hipped roof decorated with saw-cut carvings: figures of dragons, fantastic stylized images of flowers, complex weaves of the fence on the porch, balusters, cornice belts - everything speaks of the rich imagination of Siberian craftsmen and is somewhat reminiscent of oriental ornaments. Actually, oriental motifs in the design of the estate are quite understandable: at that time cultural and economic ties with China and Mongolia, which influenced the artistic taste of Siberian craftsmen.
Nowadays, the estate has not only retained its magnificent appearance and amazing atmosphere, but also lives a fairly eventful life. There are often concerts, musical and literary evenings, balls and master classes for young guests in modeling, drawing, and making patchwork dolls.
Hut-hut
The hut is one of the main symbols of Russia. Archaeologists believe that the first huts appeared in the second millennium BC. For many centuries, the architecture of the hut remained virtually unchanged, since it initially combined all the functions necessary for the Russian peasant - it provided a roof over his head, warmth and a place to sleep. The hut was sung by poets and immortalized by artists, and for good reason. Over time, the hut was transformed into a log house-terem for wealthy families. Together with the surrounding buildings, the tower formed a Russian estate. The traditions of building houses from logs developed over centuries, but collapsed in just a few decades.
Collectivization, urbanization, emergence the latest materials... All this led to the fact that the Russian village became smaller, and in some places almost died. New “villages”, the so-called “cottage communities”, began to be built with houses made of stone, glass, metal and plastic. Practical, effective, stylish, but the Russian spirit does not live there, and there is no smell of Russia there . Not to mention the lack of environmental friendliness of such buildings.
However, not so long ago wood construction in the Russian style experienced the first stage of revival. This was reflected in the interiors. Country style is generally at the peak of popularity today. Some people prefer German country style, others prefer Scandinavian or American country style, others prefer , but if we're talking about about a wooden country house or dacha, the choice is increasingly being made in favor of interiors in the style of a Russian village.
Coming from a metropolis to a dacha or to Vacation home in the style of a Russian hut, a person feels unity with nature and connection with his roots. This promotes maximum relaxation and a state of peace. In houses made of wood, the interior of which is simple and unpretentious, you can breathe easily and sleep soundly. And after rest, there is a desire to do things like fishing, planting a new flower bed in May or working in the garden in September - in a word, a surge of strength makes itself felt.
Russian interior style: where is it appropriate?
Can only be fully recreated in wood log house. The interior in the style of a Russian mansion, a Russian estate, is appropriate in any wooden house. In other cases, when it comes to, for example, brick house or an apartment, we can only talk about stylization, that is, about introducing into the interior some features inherent in a Russian hut or tower.
The interior of a Russian hut: what was it like?
Russian hut. Photo taken from Russian Wikipedia
The center of the hut was the stove, which was called queen of the house . It occupied a quarter or even a third of the area of the entire home. Kiln pillars were placed at the corners of the stove to protect the “queen” from destruction. The beams under the ceiling rested on these pillars and on the walls. The beams, in modern terms, zoned the space, dividing the hut into the women's half, the men's and the red corners. On one of the beams there was a bed - a plank lounger, which was loved by children.
There was a woman in charge of the stove corner. In this place there were numerous shelves with dishes and other utensils. Here women not only cooked, but also spun, sewed and did other things. The owner spent more time in the men's corner - under the blankets.
The biggest and a nice place in the hut, where they ate food and greeted guests. Simply put, this is a living room, a dining room, and often a bedroom. A red corner was set up in the upper room diagonally from the stove. This is the part of the house where the icons were installed.
There was usually a table near the red corner, and in the very corner on the shrine there were icons and a lamp. Wide benches near the table were, as a rule, stationary, built into the wall. They not only sat on them, but also slept on them. If additional space was needed, benches were added to the table. , by the way, was also stationary, made of adobe.
In general, the furnishings were sparse, but not without embellishment. Mounted above the window wide shelves. Festive dishes, boxes, etc. were placed on them. The beds were complemented by carved headboards. The bed was covered with bright patchwork bedspreads and decorated with many pillows arranged in a pyramid. The interior almost always contained chests with handles.
Russian chest. 19th century
During the time of Peter the Great, new pieces of furniture appeared, which took their place in Russian huts, and even more so in towers. These are chairs, cabinets, which have partially replaced chests, piles for dishes and even armchairs.
In the towers, the furnishings were more varied, but in general the same principle was preserved: a large hearth, a red corner, the same chests, beds with many pillows, slides with dishes, shelves for displaying various decorative items. Of course, there was a lot of wood in the towers: walls, floors, and furniture. Russian country style and Russian hut style in particular - this is wood, a lot of wood and almost nothing but wood!
How to create the style of a Russian hut or Russian estate in the interior of your home?
1. Choosing a direction
Some changes gradually took place in the interiors of Russian huts and towers, so first you need to decide what style of era you would like to recreate. Will it be a stylization of an ancient Russian hut or a hut of the first half of the last century, in which many innovations appeared? Or maybe you like the more elegant furnishings of old Russian towers or wooden manor houses of the 18th-19th centuries, when in country style were features of other styles introduced - classicism, baroque, modern? Choosing a direction will allow you to choose suitable pieces of furniture, textiles and decor.
Upper room of an old Russian house from the 16th to 18th centuries. A. M. Vasnetsov
And this is already the end of the 19th century. The world of the Russian estate in the painting of S. Zhukovsky
2. Creation of the Russian hut style
Basics. It is better to leave wooden walls unfinished. Suitable for floor solid board- matte, possibly with an aged effect. There are dark beams under the ceiling. You can do without a stove, but a hearth is still necessary. Its role can be played by a fireplace, the portal of which is lined with tiles or stone.
Doors, windows. Plastic double-glazed windows would be completely inappropriate here. Windows with wooden frames are worth complementing carved platbands and wooden shutters. Doors should also be wooden. As platbands for doorways You can use boards that are uneven and deliberately roughly processed. In some places you can hang curtains instead of doors.
Furniture. Furniture, of course, is preferable to wood, not polished, but perhaps aged. Cabinets, cabinets and numerous shelves can be decorated with carvings. In the dining area you can arrange a red corner with a shrine, a massive, very heavy table and benches. The use of chairs is also possible, but they should be simple and good-quality.
The beds are high with carved headboards. Instead of bedside tables, you can put chests in the Russian style. Patchwork bedspreads and numerous pillows - stacked in stacks from largest to smallest - are perfect.
No sofas in modern interior indispensable, although, of course, there were none in the huts. Choose a simple shape with linen upholstery. The color of the upholstery is natural. Leather furniture will stand out from the overall picture.
Stylization of an 18th century interior in the hut of the Pokrovskaya Hotel in Suzdal
Textile. As already mentioned, you should give preference to bedspreads and pillowcases made using the patchwork technique. There can be quite a lot of textile products: napkins on cabinets and small tables, tablecloths, curtains, borders for shelves. All this can be decorated with embroidery and simple lace.
By the way, you can’t spoil the interior of a hut with embroidery - women in Rus' have always loved to do this type of needlework. Embroidered panels on the walls, curtains decorated with sewing, embroidered bags with herbs and spices suspended on the kitchen beam - all this will be in place. The main colors of textiles in the Russian hut style: white, yellow and red.
Lighting. For an interior in the style of a Russian hut, choose in the form of candles and lamps. By the way, there will also be lamps with simple lampshades. Although lampshades and sconces are more suitable for a house whose interior is stylized as a Russian estate.
Kitchen. Without household appliances it is impossible to get by in a modern hut, but a technical design can spoil the integrity of the picture. Fortunately, there is built-in equipment that helps with housework, but does not violate the harmony of the Russian style.
For suitable for kitchens massive furniture: kitchen table-pedestal with drawers, open and closed buffets, various hanging shelves. Furniture, of course, should not be polished or painted. Kitchen designs with facades finished with glossy enamel or film would be completely inappropriate. glass inserts, aluminum frames, etc.
Designer: Oleg Drobnov
In general, an interior in the style of a Russian hut should have as little glass and metal as possible. The plastic here is like an eyesore. Choose furniture with simple wooden facades or realistically imitating rough wood. Solid wood facades can be decorated with paintings in the Russian folk style or with carvings.
As a decor for the kitchen use a samovar, wicker baskets and boxes, onion braids, barrels, pottery, wooden crafts Russian folk crafts, embroidered napkins.
Interior decor in the style of a Russian hut. Decorative linen textiles with embroidery, many wooden items. A wooden wheel, spinning wheel and fishing nets will fit perfectly if the house is located near a river, lake or sea. You can lay knitted round rugs and self-woven runners on the floor.
3. Creating the style of an old wooden manor
U simple peasant hut and the rich old estate have a lot in common: this is the predominance of wood in the interior, and the presence of a huge stove (in the estate it is always lined with tiles), and a red corner with icons and candles, and textiles made of linen and lace.
House in Russian style. Designer: Derevleva Olga
However, there were also numerous differences. The rich actively borrowed something new from foreign styles. This is, for example, bright upholstery upholstered furniture, porcelain plates and clocks on the walls, elegant wooden furniture in English or french style, lampshades and sconces, paintings on the walls. In an interior in the style of a Russian mansion, stained glass windows will be very useful as interior windows, partitions or veranda glazing. In a word, everything here is quite simple, like in a hut, but there is a slight touch of luxury.
In the style of a Russian estate
4. Russian-style courtyard
The interior itself, the windows in it, and the space outside the window should be in harmony. To fence off the area, it is better to order a fence approximately 180 cm high, assembled from pointed logs.
How do they create a courtyard in the Russian style now? It is impossible to answer unequivocally, since in Rus' the courtyard was organized differently, depending on the area. However, the designers found common features, which are recreated in landscape design. A path (often winding) is laid from the gate to the entrance to the house. It is often covered with a board. Along the edges of the path there is a flower border. In the old days, peasants used any free plot of land for garden beds, but they still tried to decorate the front yard with flower beds.
Nowadays lawn grasses are used for the backyard of the hut. This area is shaded by pine trees planted around the perimeter. However, currant or raspberry bushes will also be very much in the spirit of the Russian court. Elements landscape design in the Russian style there are various objects made of wood: a wooden children's slide, stationary table with benches, Russian swings. And, of course, all buildings in the yard must be made of wood.
Interior in the style of a Russian hut or estate: ideas from designers
1. About the mirror. Mirrors are an alien object for an old Russian house. However, it is difficult to imagine modern house without a single reflective fabric. Choose mirrors with an aged effect, enclosed in bulky wooden frames. The mirror can be disguised as a false window thanks to wooden shutters. A carved frame with the same wooden shutters can also be used to disguise a flat-screen TV.
2. Styling idea for the bedroom. An interesting solution for bedrooms or children's rooms: stylized as a cozy country courtyard. The walls, 1-1.5 meters from the floor, are lined with unpainted boards imitating a fence. Painting with floral patterns is also used: butterflies flutter and birds fly on the wall above the fence. The other wall of the room may be an imitation external wall wooden house with a window decorated with lace trim and wooden shutters. The ceiling can be decorated with a painting representing an image of the sky. A bench, a hammock, barrels instead of bedside tables - and you will feel like you are spending the night in a village courtyard.
3. Household appliances in the interior of a Russian hut. In the kitchen, as already mentioned, it is advisable to integrate all household appliances. But some items can not be hidden, but, on the contrary, can be made into an interior highlight. Technique " airbrush"It is used not only for painting cars, but also for decorating the body of household appliances. For example, you can order a painting of a refrigerator in the Russian style - in this case modern item not only will it not stand out from the style of the Russian hut, but it will also emphasize it.
More photos:
This is how designer Tatyana Reshetova interpreted the style of the hut
In the style of a Russian estate
Modern upper room. Photo taken
The wooden hut has long been the most common dwelling of the Russian peasant. Despite the fact that at present only huts no older than the 19th century remain, they have preserved all the traditions of construction and arrangement.
The design of the hut is a square or rectangular log house. The walls consist of horizontal log crowns - rows connected at the corners by notches. The Russian hut is simple and laconic, and the picturesque symmetry of the buildings conveys true Russian comfort and hospitality.
The components of a peasant hut were: a cage, a canopy, a hut, a basement, a closet and an upper room. The main building was a living room with a stove. Inside there were such integral attributes of a master's life as: wide benches, shelves, a cradle, a cupboard, etc. attached to the walls. The absence of unnecessary elements and the strict attachment of one thing to a place are the main features of the interior of the hut.
Particular attention in the hut is concentrated on the stove, which symbolizes the idea of comfort and home. That’s why craftsmen devoted so much time and effort to making stoves. The oven consisted of the extended ends of thick bars. In front it supported the heavy hearth of the stove, and on the side - a bench-bed. The stove bunk fenced off the hearth near the stove pillar. All these elements were carefully hewn out with an ax.
There was often a corner for cooking near the stove. It was separated by a wooden paneled brightly painted partition. The partition was usually painted with geometric figures in the form of the sun or flowers.
Fixed benches were located along the entire perimeter of the room. On one side they were tightly adjacent to the wall, on the other they were supported by stands made of thick boards or carved dotted posts-legs. Typically, such columns narrowed towards the middle and had an apple-shaped pattern applied on them. Flat stands, cut from a thick board, usually had a pattern of turned legs.
In the huts there were also portable benches with four legs or supports on the sides (benches). The back of the bench could be thrown from one end to the other (saddlebacks). Through or blind backs were often decorated with carvings. In the upper rooms, the benches were covered with a special fabric. There were also benches with one side, on which carvings or paintings were applied. This sidewall served as a spinning wheel, or a support for a pillow.
Chairs in huts began to appear a little later - in the 19th century. They were made in a symmetrical shape, had a square plank seat, a through square back and slightly elongated legs. The chairs were decorated with a wooden fringe or a patterned back. Often the chairs were painted in two colors - blue and crimson.
The dining table had quite big sizes. The table cover was made of high-quality processed boards without knots. The underframe could be of several types: plank sides with a recess at the bottom, connected by a leg; legs connected by two legs or a circle; base with drawers. The edges of the table edge and the edges of the legs were sometimes covered with carvings.
Tables for cooking (suppliers) were placed next to the stove. Such tables were higher than dining tables, and below were drawers or shelves with doors. Small decorative tables were often found in huts.
An integral attribute of the Russian hut was a chest in which clothes and other household items were stored. The chests had different sizes and minor external differences. The lid of the chest could be either straight or convex. Support part performed in the form of a supporting plinth, or in the form of small legs. The chests were upholstered with short-pile animal skin and reinforced with metal components. The chests were also decorated with all kinds of designs and patterns.
The shelves in the hut were tightly fastened. The hanging shelves were adjacent to the wall along the entire length, and the Voronsky shelves were supported only by the ends. Shelves could divide the room into several parts. Leaning with one end on a beam near the stove, the other end could extend between the logs of the wall. The hanging flooring (floor) was attached above the entrance door.
Over time, cabinets began to appear in the huts. They had different kinds and sizes. A through thread was applied to them to ventilate the products.
Peasants usually slept on built-in and mobile beds. Such beds were tightly attached to the walls on both sides and had one back, and were placed in the corner. For children, cradles and cradles were hung, decorated with turning parts, carvings or paintings.
Thus, the interior elements in a Russian hut were located horizontally and were made of wood. As the main color range golden ocher was used, with the addition of red and white flowers. Furniture, walls, dishes, painted in golden ocher tones, were successfully complemented by white towels, red flowers and clothes, as well as beautiful paintings.
The Russian hut is wooden house, partially going into the ground. Despite the fact that the hut most often consisted of one room, it was conventionally divided into several zones. There was a stove corner in it, which was considered a dirty place and was separated from the rest of the hut by a curtain; there was also a women's corner - to the right of the entrance, and a men's corner - at the hearth.
The red corner was the most important and honorable place in the house. In Rus', the hut was always built in a certain way, taking into account the sides of the horizon, the red corner was located on the eastern side, in the farthest and well-lit place. It contained a home iconostasis. It was considered important that when entering a hut, a person should first of all pay attention to the icon.
The icons were installed on a special shelf and had to be in a certain order. The most important icons that should have been in every home were considered to be the icons of the Mother of God and the Savior. The red corner was always kept clean, and sometimes decorated with embroidered towels.
According to tradition, on the wedding day the bride was taken to the wedding from the red corner. Daily prayers were also held there.
The huts in which the stove was heated black were called kurny (without a chimney).
At first, the peasant's hut had only one room. Later they began to build so-called five-wall buildings, in which total area was divided into two parts by a log wall.
The windows were first covered with mica or bull bubbles. Glass appeared in Novgorod and Moscow in the 14th century. But they were very expensive, and were installed only in rich houses. And mica, and bubbles, and even glass of that time only transmitted light, and what was happening on the street could not be seen through them.
In the evenings, when it got dark, Russian huts were illuminated by torches. A bunch of splinters was inserted into special forged lights that could be fixed anywhere. Sometimes they used oil lamps - small bowls with edges curved up. Only fairly wealthy people could afford to use candles for this purpose.
Interior decoration The traditional Russian hut did not stand out for its special luxury. Every thing was necessary on the farm, and the internal area of the hut was strictly divided into zones. For example, the corner to the right of the stove was called woman's kut or middle. The hostess was in charge here, everything was equipped for cooking, and there was also a spinning wheel. Usually, this place was fenced, hence the word nook, that is, a separate place. Men did not enter here.
For good owners, everything in the hut was sparkling clean. There are embroidered white towels on the walls; the floor is a table, the benches have been scraped; on the beds there are lace frills - valances; The frames of the icons are polished to a shine. The floor in the hut was made of wide solid blocks - logs, cut in half, with one flat side carefully hewn. They laid the blocks from the door to the opposite wall. This way the halves lay better, and the room seemed larger. The floor was laid three or four crowns above the ground, and in this way an underground floor was formed. Food and various pickles were stored in it. And the elevation of the floor by almost a meter from the ground made the hut warmer.
Almost everything in the hut was done by hand. On long winter evenings they cut bowls and spoons, hammered ladles, wove, embroidered, wove bast shoes, tues, and baskets. Although the decoration of the hut was not distinguished by the variety of furniture: table, benches, benches (benches), stoltsy (stools), chests - everything was done carefully, with love and was not only useful, but also beautiful, pleasing to the eye. This desire for beauty and mastery were passed on from generation to generation.
Craftsmen appeared and crafts were born. Any everyday thing, be it a cradle or a ladle, a valance or a towel, was decorated with carvings, embroidery, painting or lace, and everything took on a certain, traditional image and was associated with the surrounding nature.
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2014-2016 Andrey Dachnik
A hut in the form of a caged wooden frame of various configurations is a traditional Russian dwelling for rural areas. The traditions of the hut go back to dugouts and houses with earthen walls, from which purely wooden log cabins without external insulation gradually began to rise.
Russian village hut usually it was not only a house for people to live in, but a whole complex of buildings, which included everything necessary for the autonomous life of a large Russian family: these were living quarters, storage rooms, rooms for livestock and poultry, rooms for food supplies (haylofts) , workshop premises, which were integrated into one fenced and well-protected peasant yard from the weather and strangers. Sometimes part of the premises was integrated under a single roof with the house or was part of a covered courtyard. Only baths, considered a habitat evil spirits(and sources of fires) were built separately from the peasant estate.
For a long time In Russia, huts were built exclusively with the help of an ax. Devices such as saws and drills appeared only in the 19th century, which to some extent reduced the durability of Russian wooden huts, since saws and drills, unlike an ax, left the wood structure “open” for the penetration of moisture and microorganisms. The ax “sealed” the tree, crushing its structure. Metal was practically not used in the construction of huts, as it was quite expensive due to its artisanal mining (swamp metal) and production.
Since the fifteenth century, the Russian stove, which could occupy up to one quarter of the area of the living part of the hut, became the central element of the hut's interior. Genetically, the Russian oven goes back to the Byzantine bread oven, which was enclosed in a box and covered with sand to retain heat longer.
The design of the hut, verified over centuries of Russian life, did not undergo major changes from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. To this day, wooden buildings are preserved, which are 100-200-300 years old. The main damage to wooden housing construction in Russia was caused not by nature, but by human factor: fires, wars, revolutions, regular property limits and “modern” reconstruction and repair of Russian huts. Therefore, every day there are fewer and fewer unique wooden buildings, decorating the Russian Land, having their own soul and unique identity.