Layout of a fruit and berry garden. Placing plants on a site - planning a garden How to plan a site for a garden

Inexperienced summer residents, having planted their own garden, often complain that it does not have the abundance of fruits that they expected. And they begin to cut down trees, replacing them with cutting-edge seedlings. But in 90% of cases people themselves are to blame for poor fruiting! Probably, the planting was carried out chaotically, according to the principle “the more, the better”, there was no planning of the garden, and this is the result - useless diseased trees.

Video: how to properly plan a summer cottage

Creating a garden, like creating a house, begins with design. Remember how a building design is chosen: they study the climate, the terrain, the availability of free space, family members, etc. And only taking into account all factors allows you to create the most comfortable and warm house.

Where does the garden begin?

The garden also begins with a study of the land on which the plants will live and the climate, which directly affects the number of fruits. If the soil is too clayey or only sandy, it is necessary to enrich it with chernozem, peat and other useful components, on which the nutrition of the roots will depend.

In the climate, the main factors that destroy fruiting are frosty winters, late spring frosts and excess humidity. Therefore, it is necessary to select an assortment of trees based on climatic conditions specific area.

Choosing trees

Apple trees, pear trees, cherry plums and cherries of local selection are the most temperature-resistant trees. They adapt to almost any area and bear fruit, if not annually, then every other year.

Southern guests - apricot, peach - are afraid of wet springs because early flowering at high humidity does not end with pollination. Pollen, along with moisture, settles on the ground. Spring frosts, which occur during apricot blossoms, are also dangerous.

Cherries absolutely cannot tolerate nearby groundwater, and if reclamation is not carried out, then in a couple of years it will wither. A wet spring also leaves its mark: the fruits crack and rot before they even have time to ripen.

Therefore, when selecting an assortment of trees, take into account their future productivity. Is it necessary to devote precious meters on five to six hundred square meters to trees that can bear fruit once every six years (under optimal weather conditions!). Isn’t it better to go to the nearest supermarket and buy a couple of kilograms of apricots or peaches, which will not be very expensive during the season, and plant in the garden only those plants that will provide seven vitamins in winter?

Making the markings

To decide how many trees to plant and how to do it correctly, you need to draw on paper all the existing and planned buildings on the site: a house, a bathhouse, a gazebo, a fence, electric poles with wires (if any) and old trees that you do not plan to uproot.

Garden on a small summer cottage

Why is this necessary? Each object rising above the ground casts a shadow, which affects the development of nearby plants. Trees, bushes, and garden plants will begin to stretch into the zone of constant lighting, spending their energy not on laying fruits, but on fighting for light. This will continue until the top becomes higher than the obstacle. And since trees are not always able to outgrow a house or a bathhouse, you won’t see any fruit even after 10 years. Therefore, on your plan, mark with a number the height of each building, as well as the cardinal directions. Shadows will be located to the west and east of objects, tapering towards the south. Draw with strokes the places where there will be shade for more than half of the day. This distance is equal to half the height of your buildings.

Everything that turns out to be shaded on paper is not suitable for the garden. There you can lay paths, arrange flower beds, create a lawn, a pond, etc. In order for the trees to produce a harvest, the shade zone is excluded from the plan of the future garden.

Planting plants

First, decide how many trees and shrubs you plan to plant. If you don’t want to prune pears or apple trees, then you can “plant” a maximum of 7 trees per acre. Why not thicker? Because as they grow, they will begin to cast a shadow, interfering with each other’s normal development.

If pruning is still planned, then the number of trunks can be increased to 15 (per hundred square meters). The most “advanced” summer residents should splurge on columnar trees, which are planted at meter intervals.

Layout option for a rectangular plot with a garden and vegetable garden

It should be noted!
Pruning reduces the number of fruits only in cherries and apricots, because they are located throughout the branch. It is not customary to trim them. The remaining trees are in dire need of pruning. This will make the fruits larger, and the extra branches will not take away the light. It is best to keep trees about 2 meters in size, forming the crown like a ball or a flat wall (if planting trees near a fence).

Trees are planted after four meters if it is planned to restrain their growth in the area of ​​2 m with a ball shape, and after three meters if planted with a wall. The distance between bushes (currants, gooseberries, etc.) is 1.5 m.

The rows should be located from south to north. This way, the plants will cast less shade, and shade-tolerant crops can be planted between the rows.

Vegetable garden layout

Modern layout garden and vegetable garden is no longer strictly rectangular. And all because right angles are inconvenient to go around when moving with a wheelbarrow. That's why garden paths and mark out the garden beds in such a way that it is convenient to walk with the equipment. Interesting examples You can look up the layout of your garden and vegetable garden from other summer residents, on the Internet or in specialized reference books.

But there are general laws that should be followed so that a minimum of beds produce a maximum yield.

Those owners who haven’t bothered with planning are struggling with growing garden crops. By taking a thorough puff once when planning your garden and vegetable garden, you will save yourself from unnecessary work.

Most of our readers have a dacha or a plot of land that we definitely want to keep in order and beauty. Therefore, many begin to plant gardens or vegetable gardens within the boundaries of their summer cottage, as far as the hundred square meters allow. But in order to do everything beautifully and efficiently, you need to know the rules and features. Some have a developed imagination and love very much creative ideas, which means it won’t be difficult for them. What about everyone else? We want to help you with this. In this article you will find tips on how to carry out planning on your own, what rules exist, how to find suitable plants and how to plant them correctly, how many beds are needed and how to place them taking into account your acres. And also which ones can be used decorative elements and is it worth doing this at all? We will post several photos in the article that you can use to create your own ideas.

First, it’s worth understanding what planning is and where to start. Layout is the optimal layout for the site, which will ensure the most rational use usable area for productive beds. But where to start? Many owners want to plant fruit trees and plant a vegetable garden on their plot, but the question arises: is it possible to combine all this? You can always combine everything, you just need to know how to do it correctly. Therefore, we would suggest that you start by creating your own unique garden bed arrangement idea that seems ideal to you.

In order to create something of your own, look at several options for ideas on the Internet, photos on websites or in magazines landscape design. You can also find several video tutorials on design basics. Please note that you can create everything yourself, but if you think it is difficult and laborious, you can use the ideas of designers or their direct services.

Step-by-step instructions for planning

We want to help you properly organize the planning work on your summer cottage so that there are no unaccounted for issues. If you decide to make a complex of vegetable and fruit plantings, then you should start with planning.

• Create a sketch of your initial idea that will reflect general features that you want to see on the site. You can make a color scheme in two versions to immediately see what your site will look like in the spring and autumn.
• Calculate the size of the plot in advance, find out how many acres it contains (most often there are plots of 4 and 6). You should know not only the general dimensions, but also some features, including the size to which plants can grow; planting should not be done very tightly.
• Think about where you can place your vegetable garden. We want to say that many gardeners advise placing everything on the south side. If you do not have this option, then try to make sure that your place is sunny, but with periods of shade.

Plan where best to make your beds

• Write a list of plants that you would like to see on your site. These can be vegetable beds, fruit trees, or ornamental plants and flowers. Later we will talk about the most common schemes that currently exist.
• Consult with experts or read for yourself to find out whether the plants you choose are compatible with each other. To do this, you need to study the soil and fertilizer needs for each type of plant. And also the frequency of their watering, the need for solar energy and other.
• Find out what the acidity of the soil is, whether there is groundwater, what the relief is, and the orientation of the area relative to the sun.
• Consider how many beds you can create. Think in advance which processes you will carry out yourself, and which ones you will need help with.
• Plant plants in a specific order. Seedlings cannot be in the shade, and bushes and low plants should be closer to the sun.
• It is necessary to find out the fruiting dates of all trees and shrubs. And place all plants according to their ripening dates.
• Take a photo of your work.

What should be indicated on the diagram, what plants should be used?

What should be indicated on the diagram

The planting scheme should be developed as correctly as possible and can easily be done with your own hands, without the help of experts. In order for you to take everything into account and not forget anything, we decided to develop special recommendations for you.

1. To start planting, you should always have a photo of the site. Since you cannot always be in close proximity to it, and your circuit will often require it.
2. Draw on the diagram the location of the house; if the site has not yet been developed, then the estimated size and location.
3. Indicate not only the size of the plot, but also its distance from the boundaries of the plot. If you decide to combine several types of plantings into one composition, then it is worth indicating what size each of them will be and at what distance they will be located.
4. Pay attention to painting everything with flowers. This is important solely for decorative purposes. Thanks to this, you will be able to see from a new perspective.

What plants can be used for the garden?

For your garden, you can use any plants you need:

• cabbage,
• carrot,
• potato,
• cucumbers,
• tomatoes,
• greenery,
• beet,
• eggplants,
• pumpkin.

What site planning models are there?

In order to outline only the main points of planting, we decided to show you three main options for planning a vegetable garden and including a garden. It is worth noting that the choice should be influenced not only by the “liked” factor, but also by the topography of the site, the number of acres, and the expected number of beds.

1. Decorative model. This model is designed exclusively for lovers of unpretentious site management and assumes the presence ornamental plants and plantings. Most often, this model is embodied in the shape of a circle. Inside there are plantings of flowers and only ornamental plants (preferably tall ones to show off all the beauty). Outside, a kind of “frame” is created from fruit plants (currants, raspberries, strawberries). Very often bought low bushes, which will not hide decorative flowers too much. If the site allows, then fruit trees are planted in a semicircle behind (their number depends on the size of the model). For example, you can look at photos of planting on the Internet.
2. Rectangular model. Its peculiarity is that here you do both a garden and a vegetable garden at the same time. Most often, a square shape is used for a dacha. The peculiarity is that you plant several beds of vegetables (as many hundred square meters of land as possible). Nearby there are several beds of berry bushes (currants, raspberries), selected according to your taste. For best view Fruit trees are also planted, but a little further away. The peculiarity is that with all the abundance of species, the square or rectangular shape is preserved.
3. Free model. Here the shape and size depend solely on the area and your capabilities. The scheme is the same: combine several vegetable and berry beds with fruit and decorative trees. As you can see in the photo, only your imagination plays a role here.

Planning is a very important thing, so we would like to give some tips for those who will do everything themselves. To begin with, it is worth noting that it is necessary to take into account all the natural and geographical factors of the site: size, lighting, temperature changes. If you still have a small area for a garden, then use the method more vertical beds, cucumbers, beans, peas, tall tomatoes, etc. feel great on nets and supports. Always pay attention to compatibility garden plants, their need for lighting. Also, you should not use old trees for the site; seedlings are quite suitable for you. If some process becomes unclear to you, we recommend looking at photos on the Internet, where you can also find instructions on the optimal number of beds and the correct calculation of acres. Planning on your own is a lot of work, but once you get into the process, you'll love it!

Earth for Us - natural wealth, which fed our grandfathers and parents. Today, only a small percentage of people manage to interact with it directly - coming to their dachas a couple of tens of kilometers away, living in rural settlements or their own a private house in the city. All these options often converge on one thing - cultivating work, removing weeds, planting cultivated plants and (or) ... Sometimes, all these things are carried out on the “weekend”, after working days. But, you also need to relax, go out onto the summer terrace or just stand on the edge of the garden and contemplate how you were able to correctly plan the garden on your site.

Of course, while you have endless expanses of snow in front of you, you can’t really “plan” it, but you have a warm blanket, a cozy chair, you’ve made yourself some delicious tea, and you can just begin to decide from a theoretical point of view how you want to plan your garden.

If you decide, you can give everyone square meter the land looks like cultivated plants will produce up to 15%-20% more harvest, the flowers will be slimmer, and the eye will only be happy

Based on this, we offer you the following points, which We will reveal during our “journey” in planning a “workspace”:

• We decide on a planting plan;
• We form the correct dimensions and position of the beds;
• Alternation of crops - what is it and what is it eaten with;
• Combined landing;
• Crop rotation and many other “hot” issues and their solutions.

Soil in the garden

We are sure that you, as an experienced person in terms of the annual selection of crops grown on your plot, know that in order to plan them you need to know which soil in the garden is more suitable for a particular variety or variety. And if earlier this was done “by eye”, now it is necessary to correctly determine soil composition, which means you must get to know her acidity (pH).

This is quite simple to do - take samples taken from the garden to a special laboratory. It is imperative that for a more accurate composition, you need to take several samples from different parts of it. If you don’t want to wait a long time, pay, or are just interested in Is it possible to do this test at home?, we answer – maybe not so accurate, but it’s possible. To do this, take the same “samples”, mix them thoroughly to form a literally homogeneous mass and pour some of it into a jar or other container. Next, pour a little vinegar and see the result. There will be 2 of them, and each will indicate its own designation:

• Bubbles appear on the soil sample upon contact with vinegar, which will mean neutral pH;
• The vinegar will be absorbed into the ground without any visible reaction, which will determine acidic pH soil.

Let’s say right away that this is not the most accurate analysis, but it allows us to quickly and clearly illuminate this important issue.

Planning rules or how to plan a vegetable garden

In addition to the composition of the soil, plan the site The correct arrangement of those several beds that you are already “sorting out” in your imagination will help. Here are a few rules to help you with this:

• Most the best option The location of the garden is flat terrain. In cases where the plot is located on a slope, choose the southern or southeastern part;
• Be sure to resolve the issue with . Innovation or automation is not important here – it’s your choice. Both big and small vegetable garden loves the availability of water, which will be more convenient for you;
• Determining the soil. Chernozem is best suited for planning a vegetable garden and getting a rich harvest. But if heavy clay predominates in the soil, you will have to refine it and bring peat, sand, or black soil itself to the site;
• If you have not yet decided how to make beds correctly and where to start, start by planning the area at a distance from the trees. They will not create shade, and at any time the soil will be warmed by the sun's rays.

• From south to north beds are located if the land you own is in a lowland. Often, the soil is constantly damp, which means it needs to be warmed by the sun;
• From west to east, beds are planned in case of dry soil. The row spacing will be under the shade of the plants, which will retain moisture;
• When the ground slopes, it is better to divide the beds crosswise;
• South side suitable for planning a vegetable garden, and the northern– garden, if the area is not initially level.

Creating a planting plan

We agree that planning a vegetable garden is painstaking work that will take a single day, but without it you will not produce rich harvests, and this place will not become a vacation for you.

The first thing we start with is drawing a plan of “possessions” on paper

The drawing should have a maximum full information: shape and size, information about soil acidity, its orientation. Next, divide the site into zones - garden, vegetable garden, residential and utility zones. It will be great if you observe and note the amount of shadow from buildings and trees. Now, in order to plan the garden more clearly, we make a “model” of it. To do this, cut out strips of paper and write the name of the plants you will plant, as well as important devices such as watering centers. Place them, play around and you will find them the right combination. For those who believe that these actions “can be omitted,” let’s say that it’s better to prepare on paper than to find right places in the garden itself in the spring. When all the forms and places are determined, you can think about the varieties and varieties of crops that are needed in the garden.

Correct beds

If proper beds are absent in the garden, then there will be no rest - everything will be painstaking work. Therefore, we will pay attention to the beds in order to properly plan the garden.

• Lower or raise

There are several positions of the beds: deepened, raised, flush with ground level. The level is determined by the availability of watering every day and natural conditions. For example, if you cannot water your beds every day, then it is better to deepen them, and vice versa.

• Dimensions

The forms can be completely different, the most important thing is easy access. If the length can be any, then the width for convenient access should not be more than 1 meter. Optimal width – from 60 cm. Design of sizes – according to your desire (brick, slate, etc. or not).

• Crop rotation of your crops

This is one of the most important issues that must be resolved not only in order to plan a garden, but also to get a rich harvest. The order of “return to former place"is about 4 years. Therefore, we recommend dividing the entire area into 4 sections, and observing all the necessary sequences, according to the crop rotation tables.

• Combined planting of crops

Here, in order to properly plan a site, it is worth knowing which crops will not be able to live side by side, and which will even help grow, forming a “community”. For example, beans and beans are known among agronomists as the “Three Sisters” because their growth rates are perfectly suited to each other. But it’s worth knowing that not all plants are so “friendly.” Dill and knowledgeable person will never sit next to you. The same applies to beans and... In order to understand exactly which cultures help and which ones “cheat” each other, see the TABLE:

Culture compatibility table

Interesting tip: garlic can not only help a person strengthen the immune system, but also allow him to take care of “ immune system» plants. This means they will get sick much less. To do this, make a healthy infusion according to the recipe: chop 5 garlic cloves and pour boiling water (1 liter) over them, then close the lid and let it steep for about 20 minutes. Immediately after this, you can water indoor and garden plants with this infusion to prevent any diseases.

Planning and planting a vegetable garden of 6 acres

Planning a large garden is quite simple, due to its good dimensions. But on 6 acres you can’t really roam around. But this is not a problem, especially if you take into account several nuances:

• Garage position;

Do not build a garage in the back of the dacha (house), because you will need to allocate a road (access) for the car.

• A south-facing garden will provide shade for most of the day;
• It is better to install the grill on the windward side;
• The non-standard shape of the flower beds will not only allow you to plan your garden, but will also visually expand it;
• A mini-garden located in the area of ​​the barbecue or gazebo will decorate the perimeter and save space;

To do this, a block is knocked together from boards, soil is poured in and flowers or crops are planted. The bed can be fenced with a fence to limit the beds.

• Drainage systems in lowlands are simply irreplaceable;

If your site is located on a slope, then Bottom part will always contain excess moisture. Exactly drainage systems, disguised in special terraces, will visually and actually make using the site more convenient.

These tips will serve as a good lesson in how to plan simple vegetable garden small sizes, and areas of large dimensions.

So, by adhering to the above measures, you can do it right from a piece of paper this spring proper vegetable garden which will bear fruit to your delight

We wish you to rest on your personal plot and not to believe people who say that work at the dacha turns into torture. Turn your site into a fairy tale right now.

While settling down land plot you need to approach its planning with all responsibility. This means not only determining the location of the future home, but also planning the future garden.

The best option would be to draw it up on paper. When drawing up a garden plan, you should remember that hearth trees, berry plants, vegetables, ornamental shrub, flowers.

On the plan it is better to immediately designate separate zones: decorative, fruit and berry and vegetable. Decorative area should be located in close proximity to residential building, and behind it you can arrange an orchard and a vegetable garden.

Choosing a site for an orchard

In order to choose the right location for the future orchard, do correct selection species and varieties of trees, it is necessary to take into account the natural conditions on the site:

1. The depth of groundwater should not be higher than 1.5 m. Otherwise, to lower the groundwater level, you will have to dig special channels or lay drainage pipes. Trees planted in areas with high groundwater grow poorly, produce small yields, are often susceptible to fungal diseases and do not withstand winter frosts well.
2. The acidity of the soil can be determined by the plants growing in the area. Those places where cereals and legumes, rose hips, rowan, maple, wild pear and apple trees, and oak grow are well suited for planting a garden. If there are a lot of buttercups, horsetail, sedge, and sorrel on your site, this means that the soil is acidic. High acidity can negatively affect normal growth and development fruit trees. It can be reduced by adding lime to the soil.
3. The garden should be protected from cold northern winds.
4. Carefully study the terrain of the area. The southwestern slopes are considered the best for the garden, and the northern ones are the most undesirable. In addition, you should not place the garden in the lowest place of the site, because this is where cold air will accumulate, which can damage many plants.
5. Decide on the orientation of the garden relative to the cardinal directions. Plantings should receive maximum amount solar heat and light and should not be in the shadow of buildings or other plantings on the site.

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Planning of fruit and berry plantings

A properly drawn up plan for an orchard and berry garden is the key to ensuring good conditions for plant growth and abundant harvests. When making a plan, you should pay attention to the following points:

1. You need to choose the types of trees and shrubs taking into account the climate zone, so it is best to buy seedlings from nurseries located in the same area. In such farms, tree varieties are grown that are zoned for a given region.
2. In order to determine the number of seedlings of each variety, you need to study their yield.
3. To ensure cross-pollination, it is better to plan to plant varieties with approximately the same ripening dates nearby - this will ensure a good harvest.
4. To compile approximate diagram When planting plants, you need to know the approximate life expectancy and how long the productivity period of the selected plants lasts.
5. When arranging tree varieties, one should take into account the light requirements of a particular fruit tree. If we arrange the most common breeds in descending order of need for sunlight, we get the following series: apricots, cherries, pears, apple trees, cherries and plums.
6. When drawing up a plan for an orchard, you need to determine the distances between trees necessary for their normal growth. For example, for trees on seed rootstock (apple trees, cherries, pears), these distances are 5-8 m between rows and 4-5 m between trees in a row. For dwarf varieties these distances are 3 m between rows and 2 m between apple trees in a row.
7. By choosing tall trees, the space between them can be temporarily filled with vegetable beds, berries or shrubs, the productivity of which is approximately 10 years.

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Planning an ornamental garden

Transform the space near your home into perfect place for relaxation - this is the dream of many. In order to get such a desired result when landscaping the territory yourself, you must definitely draw up a plan for the future garden. In this case you need to know:

1. First of all, determine the style in which the decorative garden will be designed.
2. Next, you should select plants based on the size of the allocated area, lighting conditions, soil, etc. personal preference, of course.
3. Based on the specific conditions of a given site, you need to choose one of 4 types of layout to achieve the desired result.
4. For lovers of simple, clear lines, rectangular motifs are perfect for planning a garden. They will create the impression of a classic and help divide the territory into clear zones with different landscape details and plantings. Rectangular motifs are best used on elongated long sections.
5. The second type of layout involves the use of round motifs: flower beds, lawns and lawns, platforms. The difficulties in implementing this plan lie in combining round elements into one composition. This plan works very well for square or rectangular plots.
6. A small area can be visually enlarged by using a diagonal layout. When drawing up a plan, you need to apply a grid of diagonal lines on it, located at an angle of 45 degrees to the fence or wall of the house. In the future, decorative shrubs and flower beds should be arranged parallel to these lines.
7. If you want to preserve the natural topography and existing plantings, you can use free space. In this case, the main task is to arrange the plants to create a picturesque composition that has a finished appearance.
8. For greater decorativeness, you can use gazebos, arches, pergolas, garden sculptures, benches, fountains, artificial ponds and other elements.
9. The colorfulness of the landscaped area of ​​the flower bed is significantly increased with properly selected perennials.
10. When drawing up a plan for planting plants, you need to pay attention to ensuring that they have the maximum good conditions lighting and optimal planting density.

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Vegetable garden planning

Most people would not mind starting at least a small garden on their property in order to always have fresh herbs and vegetables on hand. For its arrangement, it is better to draw up a plan that will help rationally organize the space and save money and effort in the future, taking into account the following requirements:

1. The area allocated for growing vegetables should be well lit, since these crops are predominantly light-loving.
2. Vegetables need regular watering in hot weather. Therefore, it is better to immediately think about how you will do this - using automatic watering, using a regular hose, or installing several water containers near the garden.
3. Having decided on the shape of the garden, you need to think about the location of the beds. A rectangular shape would be optimal; the width of the beds should be approximately 1.2 m so that you can reach the middle with your hand.
4. The paths between the beds are of no small importance. The width of a regular path should be at least 60 cm, which will make it possible to move freely along it with a garden wheelbarrow.
5. To avoid problems with the disposal of tops, leaves and mowed grass, you can provide a device near the garden compost pit or container.

Where to start creating your garden? How to properly arrange trees and shrubs in your dacha?

The garden has always been considered wonderful decoration any home. And one of the wonders of the world - the Hanging Gardens of Babylon - was truly magnificent and a unique creation. Several thousand slaves tended these gardens around the clock. Nowadays, gardens are planted mainly to provide oneself with berries and fruits for the winter. It is very important to plan the garden correctly, since small area land, you want to place as many different trees, shrubs, berries, etc. as possible. The productivity of fruit trees depends on various factors, and therefore, when placing trees on a plot, it is necessary to take into account not only natural conditions, but also biological features each type of fruit crop.

❧ The Mesopotamian king of Uruk, Gilgamesh (early 3rd millennium BC), was famous for his gardens. The courtyards were shady and had many flower beds. Fruit trees the gardens abounded in a variety of exotic varieties. Surrounded by date palms there were swimming pools. Bulls, lions, ostriches and monkeys were bred in enclosures in the far corners of the gardens.

So, for example, placing trees on garden plot, it must be remembered that different cultures present different requirements to the light. Exists general rule for planning plants at your summer cottage. Plant height should increase from south to north. In other words, in the southernmost part of the site you need to plant vegetable crops and strawberries, and in the north - apple trees and pears. In the middle of the plot are placed medium-sized species such as cherry, plum, as well as a variety of berry bushes.

In addition, when planting various fruit crops on your summer cottage, you should pay attention to ensure that in the future, when the trees grow, they do not shade neighboring garden plots. When planting trees on the site, observe certain rules- so, the distance from the trees to the boundaries of the site should be at least 3 m. And at a distance of 1 m from the border (fence), you can plant several raspberry, currant or gooseberry bushes. These crops also do well in partial shade.

Among other things, you need to place the plantings on the site in such a way that they do not interfere with air movement. If the area is too densely planted with trees, this will interfere with the outflow of cold air, which in turn will lead to difficult wintering conditions for the trees. It often happens that in densely planted areas, trees and shrubs die from frost even in not the frostiest winters.

There are two main styles of garden planning: regular (or geometric) and landscape (or natural).

With regular garden planning, plantings are placed symmetrically with respect to the main axis of the composition, while the straightness of rows and paths is also maintained, and equal distances between trees of the same type are maintained. In this case, you can choose a pattern for planting fruit trees, either square or rectangular, or even place trees on the site in a checkerboard pattern. Trees planted in a checkerboard pattern make good use solar lighting. If the site is located on a slope, then the direction of the rows should be made across the slope. The square layout is suitable for areas that are square or nearly square shape. Rectangular placement is suitable for areas that have an oblong configuration. There is also a variation of the rectangular pattern. It is characterized by wide-row dense planting of plants, and in contrast to the rectangular scheme, trees are planted more densely in rows, but a fairly large space is left between the rows.

If you prefer natural style When plants grow the way they want, then the second planting style is suitable for you - landscape. Using this diagram, you can place the plantings on your site the way you want. Trees and plants arranged in a free-style area make the area more attractive. In addition, the use of landscape style involves the widespread use of a variety of ornamental plants. Landscape style very well suited for those areas that have natural unevenness, small slopes and depressions, etc. All these relief features can be used to create an interesting landscape composition in your garden plot.

When thinking about what fruit trees you will plant on your site, you should pay special attention to the apple tree. In Russia, the apple tree is perhaps the main fruit crop, which is unpretentious to weather conditions and produces a rich harvest.

When choosing varieties of fruit trees, you should take into account the fact that a certain variety of a particular breed can be grown on the site only on the condition that trees of other varieties grow nearby at a distance of no more than 50-70 m. Otherwise, pollination and fruit set will not occur in trees of the same variety.

When choosing berry crops, you can pay attention to such berries as garden strawberries, colloquially called strawberries, black, red and white currant, gooseberries, and raspberries. Strawberries are good because they reproduce easily and begin to bear fruit in the second year after planting. Currants, especially black currants, are very rich in vitamins, and therefore several bushes of this crop should grow in every garden plot. Raspberries also grow quite quickly, so if you want to get a harvest of berries as soon as possible after setting up a garden, then start with these crops. And if we talk about the volumes of the harvest, then the richest harvest is harvested from red currant and gooseberry bushes.

❧ Scientists have found that fruit trees that grew near heating mains develop faster and better, unlike trees of the same species and varieties that grow in other places. I wonder if it is possible to grow a garden that will produce a rich harvest in short term, if you install a root heating system?

When planting a variety of berry crops in a garden plot, you should remember that they can be placed under trees only when the fruit tree seedlings have just been planted and are still very small. As trees grow, berry bushes should be removed from under them, as this makes it difficult to control pests and diseases. If any buildings are planned on the site, it is better not to plant fruit trees or shrubs too close to the buildings. Over time, when crops grow, they can make it difficult to approach buildings; in addition, even a low building will shade trees or shrubs, retarding their growth.

When planting fruit trees, pay attention to the fact that it is best to plant trees of each crop separately. This is necessary to optimize the control of pests and plant diseases. Because sometimes it happens that the timing of spraying trees of one species coincides with the fruiting time of other species. Considering that all work on caring for fruit trees in a garden plot is carried out manually, the row spacing can be left not very wide.

When planning a garden on a personal plot, you should carefully think through all the aspects associated with planting fruit bushes and especially trees, because a garden is laid once and for many years.

When planning your garden, consider the following:

❧ what types of fruit bushes and trees are suitable for this climatic region;

❧ in order not to make a mistake with plant varieties, it is best to estimate their yield in advance. This will help determine the number of seedlings;

❧ If you want to get rich harvests, you need to take into account that placing trees nearby different varieties same ripening period will ensure cross-pollination during the flowering period, which in turn will serve as a guarantee good harvest further;

❧ it is best to find out information about the compatibility of different varieties of fruit trees and shrubs, since the proximity of some crops can lead to a decrease in yield;

❧ to avoid problems with placing trees on the site, you can first create a planting scheme on the plan. Draw a site plan on paper, cut out circles from another sheet of paper required diameter, which will indicate shrubs and fruit trees. For example, an adult apple tree of the Antonovka variety has a crown diameter of 3 m on average. This means that when planting apple trees of this variety, it is necessary to calculate at what distance from them fruit trees of other species or shrubs can be planted;

❧ it is useful to know that the southwestern side of any building, as a rule, creates a very good microclimate, which is expressed in long-term illumination and protection from cold winds. And this means that temperature regime here will be the most optimal for heat-loving plants;

❧ if groundwater in your area lies close to the soil surface, then use this circumstance to your advantage. In an area with close groundwater, you can plant shrubs or plant a vegetable garden;

❧ when planting a new garden in the place of an old one, you must remember about crop rotation. If you plant a young apple tree in the place of an uprooted one, it will not grow well.

The best option is to plan planting in your garden plot in advance. But if, in addition to the garden, buildings are also planned on the site, then, of course, the garden should be laid out after the construction is completed. construction works. Otherwise, the equipment will crush the recently planted trees and raze the strawberry plantation to the ground.