Basic rules of floristry. Florists told how to put together a professional bouquet yourself

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One of the popular hobbies today is DIY floristry. This is the name of the decorative and applied art of making flower arrangements. The goal is to create a special atmosphere for certain events or holidays. If you want to try yourself in this kind of creativity, then find out more about it from the information below.

What is floristry

Floristry refers to the art of arranging bouquets. This is one type of design that results in floral bouquets, panels or collages. This type of work has both a technical and a creative side. The goal of floristry is to decorate any holiday or event, to express its theme or idea through natural compositions of flowers and leaves. Beginning designers in this area should pay attention to simple collages or bouquets. As a result, such a hobby can become a real profession. Where to start - learn the basics of floristry for beginners.

Arranging bouquets

This creative and fun activity for beginners includes a number of simple but important rules. The first thing you need to decide is for whom the bouquet is for a man or a woman. The reason for which such a gift is given is also important. Based on these criteria, the type of plants, their number, color and size are selected. Before making a bouquet, beginners are advised to mentally imagine it in its finished form.

Floral compositions

When composing floral arrangements of roses, lilies, carnations or any other flowers, the main thing for beginners is compliance with proportions. This concerns the proportionality of the vessel and plants, buds, vase and leaves. In general, the composition should be harmonious. The golden ratio also works in floristry. It is as follows:

If the bouquet is positioned vertically, then 5 of the 8 parts should be on it, and the remaining 3 should be on the vase.
When the composition is more elongated in the horizontal direction, i.e. the plants are in a low vase, the shortest branches make up 3 parts, and the longest ones make up 5. Or in other words, a long flower is equal to 1.5 times the diameter of the pot.

Making bouquets of fresh flowers

There are different types of bouquets. The main classification is female and male. In addition, there is a division according to the purpose of the bouquet:

wedding;
children's;
mourning;
daily;
festive.

Arranging bouquets of fresh flowers can be challenging for beginners, so it is recommended to use only one type of plant. This makes it easier to understand the shades, shape and type of bouquets. The main type is massive - there is no space between the elements, and the plants are presented in no more than 2-3 varieties. In addition to them, there are the following bouquets:

round;
boutonnieres;
free;
one-sided;
flower jewelry.

Bouquets can vary in size. Large ones are suitable for birthdays, and small ones for weddings. In general, the compilation technology for beginners looks like this:

determining the shape of the bouquet - the number of plants, their compatibility;
plant cutting;
assembling elements into a bouquet, decoration;
placement in a vase with water.

Combination of flowers in a bouquet

One of the integral elements of success for novice florists is the combination of flowers in a bouquet. It is very important to feel which shades complement each other and which simply cannot be used together. Besides harmonious combination color scheme, it must be chosen correctly. Warm shades will enliven the bouquet, while cold shades will make it more restrained. The former include orange, red and yellow, and the latter – blue, green, and violet. Using warm colors you can visually bring elements closer. Cool shades, on the contrary, push away the details.

Arranging bouquets of fresh flowers

In addition to the composition itself, its final design is important. The decor should not draw attention to itself, so unobtrusive decorations are considered the best option. Packing bouquets of fresh flowers for beginners has a number of features. The main condition is to arrange bouquets depending on the purpose:

New Year's - bird figurines, greens, candies;
for the birth of a child - hearts, bears, small toys;
romantic bouquet - butterflies, beads, stars;
for a wedding - white, openwork, airy elements;
autumn bouquet - twigs with berries, birds.

Making bouquets of artificial flowers

If you need a bright and durable composition or there is no way to care for it, then the best option would be to make bouquets of artificial flowers. To create them, beginners and experienced florists use different materials– fabric, wax, metal, beads, paper or leather. The first step is to create a pattern for the element, and only then it is assembled from blanks. The whole composition may look different. Bouquet, plant in a pot, basket or flowerpot, garden elements- This standard options for floristry with artificial flowers.

Materials for floristry

The main material for floristry is various elements of vegetation. These can be fresh, dried or artificial flowers. All of them are divided into 3 groups:

Linear plant material. These are long stems, tall ornamental plants, large leaves.
The main plant material, or dominant. This includes large inflorescences and buds, bright leaves.
Additional material or filler. This group includes small elements - buds or leaves, whose function is to cover the fasteners.

Along with plant material, there are also floral accessories. Their function is to complement the composition and the designer’s intent. A variety of parts are used as accessories:

bows;
ribbons;
candles;
shells;
animal figurines;
pebbles;
bells;
stands.
materials for floristry

Florist tools

Any beginner or someone who is already seriously interested in floral design will definitely need florist tools. In any composition it is important to secure all the elements with something. Floral foam is used for this. Flower pins are used for the same purpose. Only with their help are ribbons attached, which are necessary to decorate the stem or disguise the wire. In addition to these tools, beginners and experienced florists use the following:

Pliers and wire cutters. Necessary for cutting and working with wire in general.
Flower pruning shears, garden shears. They must be sharp so that the cut of wooden branches or thick stems is even.
Glue gun with sticks. They are used for attaching foam to a vessel and creating bouquets of artificial flowers or dried flowers.
Stapler. You can use brackets to secure various small parts.

Secrets of floristry

To prolong the freshness of bouquets, it is worth choosing plants that live longer than others. You can also keep them cold and change the water more often - every 1 or 2 days.
A mandatory rule is that there must be an odd number of plants in the bouquet. Even is suitable only for mourning occasions.
The size depends on the occasion. For a serious celebration you need a larger bouquet. Compositions with a diameter of 25-20 cm are considered a universal option.
It is recommended to form a bouquet from the most voluminous element, which will be the center. The following parts are added according to the spiral principle. Interesting option- a combination of flowers of different textures, for example, roses and hypericum or red gerbera.

Floristry training

Nowadays, schools or simply floristry courses are very popular. They provide a whole range of services for those who want to learn this art. A beginner florist or a professional can visit them. Introductory classes, lectures, master classes and seminars, during which you can not only learn about bouquet design, but also try to make them yourself. In addition to special courses, there are other ways to study to become a florist. Beginners can watch video lessons or master classes online and even read interesting books.

Master classes on floristry

Many floristry schools offer master classes for beginners. Some of them are freely accessible, while others are available for a fee. This applies to video courses. There are also other master classes in floristry, where a person can attend in person and even hone their skills together with a teacher. This option is better, because you immediately gain theoretical and practical knowledge.

Floristry lessons for beginners

You can view a variety of floristry lessons for beginners for free on the Internet. Some of them are presented in video format, which greatly facilitates the learning process. Ceramic clay floristry, history and styles of this art, the basics of European arrangement, original packaging, wedding, anniversary and other techniques. You can consider all these options in detail in these lessons.

Floristry and design courses

The best option is to take a whole floristry course. Many professionals in this field are also involved in training. Floristry for beginners is easier with courses. They can be completed in person or online on the Internet. It all depends on the specific school and its teaching methods. After successfully completing the program, you will be able to receive a certificate that will allow you to work as a florist. This profession is not only exciting, but also very creative and even enjoyable. Having learned this business, you will no longer be a novice florist and will be able to give beautiful things to others.

Video: how to make a bouquet of roses with your own hands

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Discuss

Floristry for beginners - step by step assembling bouquets. Fundamentals and styles of floristry for composing compositions

Some people think that floristry is a simple activity that anyone can learn. Others believe that natural or artificial floristry is an overwhelming task for ordinary person who does not have the proper knowledge, skills, artistic taste and creative thinking. In fact, both the first and second statements are true.

Floristry is the decorative and applied art of assembling various flower arrangements, which has its own technical and creative side. This means that anyone can truly learn, especially if they have the desire. Therefore, if the birthday of your beloved friend, mother is approaching, or if roses have simply bloomed in the garden, do not put off your first lesson and try to collect a bouquet yourself. Simple and clear recommendations from an experienced florist will help with this.

Information: The main task of floristry is to provide floral decoration for interiors, outfits, cars for a holiday, compiling everyday compositions for work, commercial and residential premises, as well as assembling bouquets various types and purposes. In addition, the florist can create accessories from flowers - frames, arches, garlands, baskets, handbags and even necklaces with bracelets.

Preparatory stage

Assembling bouquets begins with preparing raw materials and tools. Raw materials are primarily the flowers themselves, as well as auxiliary elements:

small buds and flowers;
green twigs, grass, ferns;
decorative accessories - butterflies, bears, hearts, etc.

The tools you need are scissors or pruning shears, a knife; a stapler and office adhesive tape will speed up and make the work easier (florists use special professional tape). You will need decorative mesh, film or paper for packaging ready-made bouquet maybe some additional tools or decorative details.

Important: in order for the bouquet to look harmonious, you should remember one simple rule: the part of it that will be in a bunch or in a vase is equal to approximately one third of the total height of the composition. There are other proportions - five parts of the height of the flowers remain outside, three parts are immersed in the vase. This rule works for classic vertical bouquets.

Assembly options

Florists have several ways to assemble bouquets. You can’t just gather flowers and greenery in an armful, tie it with twine and wrap it in oilcloth - it will be ugly and sloppy. Although in some cases professionals use exactly this technique to obtain an original and unusual composition. But for beginners, it’s better to familiarize yourself with the classic techniques of assembling bouquets, and then move on to creative experiments. There are these main types:

Parallel.
Spiral.
Asymmetric.

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Introduction

green designer floristry composition

The purpose of this practice: - learn to apply in floristry the basic knowledge and skills acquired in college in the specialty, namely knowledge of composition, color science, design;

Be able to make sketches of future compositions, apply knowledge of graphics;

Tasks: - work directly with green materials;

Study the features of processing and storage of green material;

Creation design projects in the field of floristry;

Gain new knowledge in the art of floristry.

During the technological practice, the skills and abilities of composing floral compositions were developed, taking into account the color scheme, size and texture of green material, and creating a three-dimensional composition.

Floristics- a type of decorative and applied art and design, which is embodied in the creation of floral works (bouquets, compositions, panels, collages) from a variety of natural materials (flowers, leaves, herbs, berries, fruits, nuts, etc.), which can be live, dry or canned.

Currently, there are three directions in European flower arranging, recognized by the leading masters in this art - Gregor Lersch, Daniel Ost:

· decorative;

· vegetative;

· shape-linear.

Peter Asman identified four directions: in addition to the above three - parallel. Subsequently, this direction was forced to be transferred to the category of arrangement of lines of plant material.

A special direction of floristry is creative floristry, characterized by special sophistication and originality of ideas.

Floristic techniques

1. Basic: arrangement, sticking, landing, etc.

3. Protective: protection from moisture, protection from evaporation, taping, waxing, etc.

Types of floristic work

Composition in a vessel

· Bouquet - a composition of flowers collected in hands. Basic technique - tying

Floral wreath

· Collages, panels, screens

· Garland

Floristic object

1. History of the enterprise

In the city of Armavir there is a chain of flower shops “Jasmine”, consisting of five outlets. Flower shop, where I did my internship, was opened in 2007. The store director is individual entrepreneur Pilosyan Alexandra Vasilievna.

The store is located on Khalturina Street, on the territory of the central market of the city of Armavir. The purpose of creating the store was to satisfy the high consumer demand for fresh flowers and flower arrangements, as well as bouquets of good quality fresh flowers. Deliveries of goods to the store are carried out through the city of Krasnodar from countries Western Europe: Germany, Holland, Belgium.

In stores, the greatest demand among customers is for white and red Dutch roses, triangular-shaped bouquets and lush arrangements for weddings and other special occasions.

All flowers are delivered to the store in bulk; compositions and bouquets are prepared directly in the store by a specialist florist. Only fresh flowers are used to compose them.

In each store of the Jasmine chain, there is one florist specialist who, after delivering the goods, cleans the flowers, composes bouquets and compositions of various shapes and colors.

At the beginning of the development of the Jasmine chain of stores, the range of flowers was not rich and included several varieties of roses, carnations and chrysanthemums. After studying consumer demand, the product range was expanded to include a large number of varieties of roses, carnations, gerberas, irises, lilies, orchids, alstroemerias, as well as small flowers, gypsophila, bergrass, palm leaves, ornamental greenery and seasonal flowers.

Currently, the production turnover is 500 - 560 flowers per week.

2 . Individual task

2.1 Creative search. Folk costume as a source of inspiration

One of the most productive sources of the emergence of new forms of clothing is the costume of past eras, urban and rural. Rural peasant costume is called folk costume. Under this name best samples Peasant costumes are displayed as exhibits in museums.

Costume designers from all countries at all times have repeatedly turned to folk costume, and use it today, creating not only individual models, but also entire collections of them.

Folk costume as a source of creativity is studied, as a rule, “quantitatively and qualitatively,” i.e. sketched, measured, receives associative expression in sketches, croques, which are then used when working on sketches and fabrics. In the process of mastering a folk costume, the determining factor is beauty, which lies in the proportions of its shape, color, and rhythm. decorative design, material embodiment. Techniques and methods of using fabrics, embroidery, and patterned weaving in folk costumes can themselves serve as an impetus for searching for something new when creating a modern costume. The greatest attention in Lately is given to the shape of the folk costume and its cut. Decorative design is perceived in a logical connection between the form, cut, principles of connecting parts into a whole, customs of embroidery arrangement, its place in the costume ensemble as an integral functional organization. Without mastering the entire functional utilitarian-aesthetic structure of a folk costume, there cannot be a correct course of transformation of its features in a modern costume. The experience of costume designers shows that folk costume and its quality are not completely transferred to the new, as was the case before, for example, in the 40s of the 20th century. A new form will not become new if it completely copies a peasant shirt or shushpan - it will be just an imitation, discrediting both the source and what was created on its basis.

The best examples of modern fashion design show that the form of a folk costume is transformed in a modern costume in a general way, i.e. the silhouette of a particular folk form is reflected without reproducing internal design lines. Moreover, this happens in every period of fashion, no matter what silhouette shape is dominant - loose, close-fitting or semi-fitting. The arsenal of folk costume forms includes all silhouettes.

When a straight silhouette dominates fashion, the straight form of folk clothing is used. The same thing happens when the straight form is replaced by a semi-adjacent or adjacent one. However, a fashionable silhouette, which arose as a fashion statement in association with one or another silhouette form of folk costume, does not exist for long as such: it gives rise to variations that cannot do without internal constructive development. And then various modifications of the cut appear, taken from the folk heritage. These modifications may vary in the degree of their closeness to folk craftsmanship. For example, the straight-cut shapes of fashionable clothing of the 70s almost completely replicate the cut of folk clothing. Sometimes truly folk clothes are included in the costume - shirts, keptari, etc.

The mastery of one or another example of folk costume often occurs with a careful, diverse implementation of the idea gleaned from it into a new solution to a modern costume. For example, a study of the straight cut of a shirt can be carried out taking into account its significance as the focus of harmonious prerequisites for constructing a fashionable form, and then used in various options in modern clothes. Thus, the development of a chosen shape in the area of the shoulder girdle can be carried out by modifying the sleeve - changing its length, width, method of connection with the armhole, while maintaining a constant shape. There will be more modifications if you add changes in the length and width of the waist to changes in the length and width of the sleeve, and then try options for constructive and decorative divisions of the form and its fragments.

The creative search for compositions of a new, fashionable form can be greatly facilitated if the study of a particular folk costume is accompanied by an analysis of its rhythmic structure. This analysis is based on visual aspects, which consist in the fact that a color or black and white sketch of a folk costume is formally divided into sketches of the rhythm of horizontal and vertical decorative stripes , shape fragments, as well as decorative color stripes. At the same time, it can be considered quite logical that the principles of the rhythmic structure of a folk costume can be associatively changed by the artist in order to create a new costume in form and decoration. In this case, sketching a diagram of the pure form of a folk costume without decoration, where the cutting lines (design lines) are the boundaries of the proportional divisions of the form and rhythmic patterns, becomes the starting point for creating modern form clothes.

Based on associative ideas about the lines and shapes of this costume, sketches were made modern suits for young people . Such an analytically oriented attitude towards folk costume as a source of creativity contributes to the design of new forms based on it, and is closely related to designer design. Just as there, in the costume there is a gradual nuanced change in the external form of one object until the accepted scheme is completely exhausted, i.e. until the moment of a fundamental change in form comes.

It would be no stretch to call the folk costume a product of the design of its time.

All the variety of its forms, all the cut options are logical from the standpoint of anthropology, functionality and beauty ideals of the time and place to which these clothes belong. This is also evidenced by the ability to easily produce and vary its forms. The very fact of the existence of the principle of a single constructive basis in the folk “unscientific” art of clothing long before it was created by the engineering thought of our time is striking. This is, perhaps, the most convincing confirmation that folk art is a storehouse of thoughts for the modern fashion designer.

The colorfulness of folk costume in the modeling of modern clothing is usually reflected clearly. The most characteristic combinations of red, white, blue, and other tones are taken from the source: crimson, yellow, green, orange; combinations of natural colors of linen, leather, fur, etc. The source can be the costume as a whole, or a fragment of it, or a fragment of fabric or embroidery used in its creation.

The principles of coloristic design of a costume and its rhythmic organization can be carried out in coordination with the form coming from the folk one, and can be decided separately from it. directly on the modern form.

2 . 2 Creative search, sketch development

The second type of graphic work is a creative sketch. This is essentially the development on paper of a costume form composition. A creative sketch differs from a preliminary sketch in its larger size, more detailed drawing of shapes, proportions, identification of lines and shapes for the purpose of their expressiveness. The creative sketch provides for the elaboration of the color composition of the costume, its material embodiment, as well as its functional orientation (single item, set, ensemble, etc.). This sketch also partially outlines the idea of a constructive solution. It represents, as it were, an illusory model of a costume, a kind of scenario for the further progress of the compositional thought.

For creative sketches, the same materials are used as for preliminary sketches. If a fore-sketch is a stopped moment of a living thought, then a creative sketch is its materialization. Naturally, at this stage, “earth gravity” arises and acts, entailing the earthiness of the image of the shape of the suit made of the material. It is no coincidence that creative sketches often lose their original vividness of thought. The sketch loses its beauty, becomes dry and often uninteresting. Meanwhile, its name “creative” obliges the artist to preserve in it the same spontaneity of vision that is present in the fore-sketch.

Working on a creative sketch is the second, more complex stage creative work. If there is no creativity, a grounded circuit arises. A creative sketch is the result of an analysis of new circumstances, all factors of the implementation of artistic thought in the material. Essentially, this is a synthesis of ideas, materialization and graphic skill, the mastery of which gives rise to ingenuity in the means and techniques of depiction.

The purpose of a creative sketch is not only to express the main idea, but also to talk about it, its embodiment in the material and how the suit looks on a person. Therefore, to the tasks of truthful and expressive materialization are added the tasks of the truthfulness of the movement of a person in a suit - the truthfulness of the functioning of the complex “figure - suit” complex. At the same time, the sketch made by a line, a spot or a combination of both should be simple and “sure to hit”, i.e. tell and fascinate with the idea of beauty.

The third stage of graphic work is a constructive sketch. It is also called a working sketch. It develops a constructive scheme for the suit. The working sketch is usually done in one line. The purpose of such a sketch is a detailed story about the structural lines, divisions that build the form. This sketch is focused on one or another plasticity of the material from which the intended shape of the costume should be made.

There are two types of working sketch: it depicts a costume either with a figure or without it. Since the drawing of the costume’s shape and its plasticity are worked out in a creative sketch, the presence of a figure is not always necessary in the working sketch. Moreover, it is more convenient to work out the design of the form as a whole and in detail without a figure, on a plane. The working sketch is done separately from the creative sketch, on a different sheet of paper. When there is a need to express an artistic idea on the same sheet of paper and give its technical interpretation, it is combined with a creative sketch.

The creative solution to the theme must necessarily be tied to the purpose of the clothing that is depicted; the graphic language must speak expressively and clearly about the collection. At the same time, a rhythmic transition must be ensured from the beginning of the collection, its overture, to the middle part - the development of thoughts about the form and its embodiment, and then to the ending - the finale. Such a script is essentially the rhythmic basis of a graphic presentation of the topic, designed for the greatest clarity of its perception. It will be carried out if the transition from one part of the graphic series to another is built on the principle of increasing or decreasing content saturation. At the same time, before each part it is necessary to provide a pause that reduces the tension of perception, a kind of rest, during which the impressions of what was seen are consolidated, creating a favorable situation for getting to know each other. a new share of the image telling about the shape of the costume and its artistic solution.

My story about a new, poetic, unusual form of costume, conceived on the basis of Russian folk costume, took place in the following way. First, the composition of the costume is presented, expressing a cluster of thoughts about what can be created from shape-forming curved lines strained to the limit, their combinations in varying degrees of condensation and rarefaction. There are large trapezoidal shapes, very festive, and calmer ones, smoothly merging into one another, and there is a variegated fabric, like a Russian printed cloth or a Pasade shawl, illuminated by the sun, against the backdrop of a native Russian landscape. This image contains a whole range of feelings, which are an impulse for the design of the form, its structural lines, the pattern of the fabric, and its structure.

“Points of application” for living thought turned out to be enough to develop not only the shape of the costume, but also the design of the surface of the fabrics with an ornament or texture, as well as a graphic drawing of the composition of the page. The composition largely contains elements folk plastic, talking about the source of thought. This is a kind of story reminiscent of the motives and themes of Russian art, thereby giving time for reflection. It serves as a graphic pause, relieving tension, and at the same time as a compositional tribal - a sign of the environment, helping to develop the theme. The theme develops from sheet to sheet, first reflected in more simple forms and principles of costume organization, then into more complex ones.

Each sketch helps to expressively and expositionally present the shape of the clothing, show its beauty, and understand the design. The graphic language of the drawings also makes it possible to “see” the fabric from which this or that set is made. The possibility of designing fabric according to the proposed pattern is not excluded. In addition, the plastic motifs seen in folk costume - shape, contrast of light and shadow, comparison of masses - also suggest a plastically original organization of costume fragments into a single whole. Various additions also play a big role here. Dynamism is imparted with the help of ribbons that fit the torso, rhythmically connecting in the pattern with the lines of the folds. Emphasizing the form with a wide, graphically active line and color makes the form somewhat grotesque, which helps to focus attention on it as a plastic idea.

All models in the collection are made from multi-colored chintz - they are the main materials. Chintz is used precisely to emphasize nationality. As additional materials A plain crepe is used - satin, because... It is dense enough and will be able to hold the required shape. Costumes are decorated with colorful braid and satin ribbons, sewing

As a constructive solution, a basic pattern for a shoulder piece with a set-in sleeve and a basic pattern for a waist piece for trousers are used. Having slightly modified the appearance and shape of the pattern, we give it a new one, characteristic of a folk costume.

Conclusion

In the most general outline The development of the forms of historical costume can be defined in the same way as the development of the entire material culture of society: from simple to complex. This is revealed in everything: in the use of fabrics and their colors, in the general composition and decorative and constructive solution, in the combination of various elements of the costume, in the creation of a complex, multifaceted image.

We often tend to compare creativity in the field of costume with creativity in other areas of human activity: the work of sculptors, architects, designers and even musicians. Let this not seem daring or strange... In the creative process of the fashion designer, the same categories of artistic thinking, ideas about form and its formation, as well as its assessment from the standpoint of beauty and usefulness are used. The art of costume design is closest to sculpture. Just like a sculptor, a costume designer solves the problems of novelty of form, its artistic content, expressiveness of masses and lines, and the possibility of embodiment in material.

Costume modeling is one of the most interesting species creativity.

As a result of execution creative project, we managed to solve the problems set at the beginning of the work. The creative process turned out to be very interesting. I would like to continue working on the development of ethno style and Russian costume in the future.

Today we, willingly or unwillingly, turn to Russia’s past. But it’s impossible to go back there! And if you take something in today. Then a collection is obtained, and Russia gains new young strength.

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Classification by shape

This classification is considered one of the fundamental ones for study; it is on it that many florists rely when composing bouquets.

Having learned to work with this classification, it will be possible to move further in the world of studying Floristry.

According to this classification, the following types of flower arrangements are distinguished:

A round bouquet is basically a spherical composition of regular shape, which is assembled from proportionate flowers with a dense arrangement. Proportionality means that flowers are selected the same in size, including buds.

At the same time, the colors of plants are not only monotonous, but multi-color inclusions and color textures are also allowed.

Therefore, an important point in assembly execution round bouquets becomes the location of the material, and it is as follows:

Circular concentric - flowers are arranged contrastingly in a circle with such alternation, for example, as large-small inflorescences of yellow and red flowers, and with the obligatory replacement of material in a new circle;
Spiral - a spiral path inside the bouquet is distinguished by a different shape of plants in a different color scheme;
Structural - they try to arrange the material in groups proportionally;
Diagonal – select opposite sectors with a diagonal and fill them.

Round bouquets can also be assembled using other modifications, which depend on the degree of skill of the florist. But in any case, this type of bouquet is the most common.

A cascading composition is a vertical bouquet collected in a downward direction. The base of this bouquet is made in the shape of a regular triangle with the apex at the bottom, and the flowers are arranged in a special way using the following techniques:

Placements on living stems;
Mixed, where more than 70 percent of fresh flowers and only 30 percent of taped flowers are combined together with special wire tires;
Placements on the portaquet;
English installation on wire stems, completely covered with fresh flowers;
Frame, where the base is made of birch, rattan or wire.

And the cascade effect itself is achieved using a floral arrangement, which comes in two types:

Regular cascade-drop– a flowing composition in which long plants are located at the bottom, and short ones are laid stepwise at the top;
Waterfall– a cascading bouquet, where the flowers are arranged exactly the opposite way, short plants are at the bottom, and long plants cover them in the form of a veil from above.

Cascading bouquets of flowers are shown in the photo.

A bouquet on a frame is a technically complex composition of various shapes, the most common of which are a disk, an irregular spherical shape, a heart, and a cylinder.

To create a frame composition requires elaboration of the concept of the bouquet itself and a competent choice of flowers that undergo certain processing. Excess leaves on the stem are removed from flowers or taping is carried out. The plants are then placed on the frame.

When creating the frame, both artificial and natural materials are used. Therefore, the basis of a frame bouquet can be either wire, greenery or branches. The assembly of the base occurs according to a pre-drawn diagram. The frame is complemented with flax, feathers, sisal, rattan and other materials.

There are many options for creating frame compositions. But frame bouquets that are more popular than others are:

Fan– with the help of this bouquet you can create a romantic and poetic mood of the 19th century. You can decorate this floral arrangement with original antique embroidery, inserts of pearls and stones, ribbons and openwork braid;
coupling- a cylindrical composition, which is more often collected in winter than in summer, because such a bouquet can serve not only beautiful decoration, but also a practical thing and warm your hands with the help of fur placed inside the frame;
Handbag– the main advantage of this composition is that the bag is a favorite accessory of a woman’s wardrobe. And such a floral accessory will not only attract attention, but will make a woman stand out from the crowd.

Structural bouquets of non-standard shapes

In addition to the basic forms, the imagination of florists helps to construct bouquets of non-standard shapes, for which artificial materials such as paper, wire, tape, porta bouquet and oasis sponge, and floral glue are often used.

Among these forms, the following compositions stand out:

Glamelia is a decorative bouquet of a cone shape or in the form of a hemisphere, which craftsmen create from the petals of fresh flowers using wire or glue. To create such bouquets, petals of gladioli, camellias or roses are often used;
Rod- this is a flower arrangement assembled either from plants on very long legs, or flowers secured with decorative wire and ribbon;
Cone– flowers are collected on an oasis sponge or porta bouquet in an elongated shape and placed in paper shaped like an inverted cone.

Along with this classification by form, a second specification that is of no small importance should be studied.

Classification by style

Modern floristry distinguishes several basic styles, thanks to which it is possible to create the ideal bouquet for any life event.

Vegetative style

The vegetative composition is a complex, skillfully assembled bouquet that looks as natural as possible and close to natural conditions. Very often it is called a piece of nature, since its creation not only uses natural materials, but also takes into account the basic characteristics of the plant world.

When creating a vegetative bouquet, pay attention to the following factors:

Asymmetrical and symmetrical arrangement of plants;
Grouping, proportions and examples of growth in the natural environment;
Natural color and shape of plants;
Seasons - seasonality allows you to understand what materials should be combined.

This composition is minimally decorated, but despite this, it looks incredibly stylish and elegant.

Decorative style

Decorative style allows you to create bouquets in a single concept, sometimes from completely dissimilar materials. In this case, the plants lose their individuality, but this is more than compensated by the overall expressiveness of the bouquet.

The features of this style are the following:

Plants should fill the bouquet tightly to the center;
Both asymmetry and symmetry are allowed;
Various natural and artificial materials are used and grouped together in the work;
Color contrasts are used because color is very important in composition;
It is allowed to combine stylistic features of different eras;
Overall visual balance is maintained.

This style is quite bright and convenient to perform, so many florists prefer to use it in their work.

Shape - linear style

Contours, line and shape are the main elements of the form-linear style. They set the tone for the entire floral composition. Wherein an important condition The work becomes such a combination of elements in which the bouquet will acquire expressiveness.

This style has the following characteristics:

The use of many shapes and lines is not allowed;
The form must remain clear;
To create a bouquet you need a minimalist amount of material;
The arrangement of the material should be asymmetrical, although symmetry is sometimes allowed;
A combination of plant and artificial materials;
Contrasts and juxtapositions are used;
The bouquet should maintain space.

Bouquets in this style are very suitable for interior arrangements and various conceptual events.

One of the clear and understandable compositional styles is the massive style, which is also called style-form. The execution of these compositions is quite simple, but at the same time labor-intensive. The shapes of the bouquets are clear, for example, a cone, a heart or a ball, the main thing is to decide on the execution technique.

To assemble massive bouquets, you can use various techniques, such as arrangement on a base, gluing, weaving, parallel or spiral assembly, and others.

In addition, when using a form style, the following is recommended:

It is advisable to use no more than 3 types of material;
The composition does not need a center, so the bouquet must be filled tightly;
When assembling, you must adhere to a strictly chosen form;
If the bouquet involves a base, for example, a vase, then it should be compositionally combined with the bouquet.

It is worth additionally noting that the development of styles does not stand still and modern floristic schools have recently sought to highlight new directions, one of which in the near future may become a transparent style.

Classification by purpose

According to their purpose as a gift, the following types of flower bouquets are distinguished:

Perhaps the most common flower arrangements are bouquets created for beautiful ladies. And no matter how old this lady is, 10 or 50, every girl, girl or woman is always pleased to receive such a gift.

Women's bouquets embody the flight of fancy of any florist, because in their composition they use both diverse materials, including unusual ones, and various shapes compilations, as well as trends.

However, despite such a variety of women's bouquets, there are some important things that should be taken into account when composing them:

Female age - it is preferable for young girls to give flowers in pastel colors with delicate buds; for young women, richer and brighter shades are suitable; for older women, moderate colors are more suitable, where bright accents are allowed;
The degree of kinship and closeness is one of the most important factors. Flowers can be intended for a mother, wife, loved one in one case, or an acquaintance, friend, colleague in another case. In the first option, the bouquet is created with special care and tenderness, therefore the flowers are selected that will convey all the important feelings and attitudes. In the second case, it is better to stop at classic versions bouquets with well-known flowers, among which the most common option is roses;
A woman’s preferences - regardless of all the rules, every woman loves flowers of certain shades, for one it is yellow, for another it is lilac, for a third it is scarlet. The same applies to the form of the composition. Therefore, it is important for the florist to know about this in order to select flowers of the desired shade and make the bouquet much more pleasant.

Men, just like women, can receive a flower bouquet as a gift. But the floral composition presented to a strong representative of humanity will be strikingly different from others.

A man's bouquet of flowers is distinguished by such character traits, How:

Lack of delicate colors, preference is given to bright, rich tones, for example, scarlet, blue and purple;
Using flowers that do not smell or stain clothes;
The use of an elongated assembly shape, pyramidal or triangular, and no round or spherical options;
Laconic textured packaging.

In this regard, not all flowers are suitable for decorating a male composition. Plants such as alstroemeria, gerberas, callas, irises and long varieties of roses will look stylish. A good addition to them would be bamboo and holly greens.

It is also possible to add beautiful bottles of alcohol, coffee and various gift accessories to the composition.

Children's bouquets are made in the form of mini compositions. The most common types here are small bouquets, bouquets of animals or toys, for example, hares, bears, dolls, cars. Bouquets in the form of cartoon characters are also very popular.

Many flower bouquets are arranged in the form of compositions in a basket, box or bag with the addition of sweets or kinder surprises.

But the most important thing when composing such bouquets is to remember that they are intended for children, so we can highlight the following points that are important to consider when assembling:

Children love bright colors;
Flowers should not smell strongly so as not to cause allergies;
Children love toys and sweets;
The bouquet should not be heavy;
The artificial materials used must be harmless.

When starting work on creating a children's bouquet, it is advisable to first draw a sketch and then bring the drawing to life.

Classification by event

There are quite a lot of events in life, but there are several special ones, which are often decorated with floral bouquet arrangements.

Making wedding bouquets is one of the most interesting creative processes for florists, because a wedding is an incredibly impressive event, in the center of which one important person shines - the bride.

And the wedding day is special when any bride wants to look perfect. And a beautiful bouquet in gentle hands will help to emphasize this ideality.

But it is worth remembering that the assembly wedding bouquet depends on the following factors:

Wedding Event Colors;
External type of the bride;
The bride's favorite flowers;
The shape of the bouquet is selected based on the style of the wedding dress;
Harmony of the bride's image as a whole.

If the bouquet is poorly chosen and does not take into account these important factors, then the bride’s mood may deteriorate, and the entire event may not be successful.

To create wedding bouquets, florists take a variety of flowers, including hydrangeas, orchids, chrysanthemums, and exotic options. But the most popular among all is undoubtedly the rose.

More than a million times this flower with a wonderful name has been added to the composition. The rose looks great both in a mono- and multi-bouquet. Therefore, choosing a rose as the basis of a wedding bouquet, a florist will never go wrong.

New Year is a bright holiday associated with a snowy winter, a magical mood and gifts under the tree. And New Year's compositions fully convey the spirit of this holiday.

Florists create New Year's bouquets not only for gifting, but also as elements for decorating the interiors of apartments, houses and offices.

When composing these winter bouquets, coniferous branches, both natural and artificial, are used as the main materials. They are decorated with candles, pine cones, Christmas tree decorations and balls, sweets and lollipops, ribbons and tinsel.

The compositions also contain some flowers and fruits. Among the flowers, preference is traditionally given to amaryllis, carnations, gerberas, red roses and the Christmas flower - poinsettia. From fruits - citrus fruits, mainly oranges and tangerines.

Massive New Year's compositions are collected in large baskets and complemented along with festive elements with candy boxes, bottles of alcohol, such as martini or champagne. Interesting floral greenery is also added to such bouquets, among which hypericum is the most popular.

Floristry masters also design other types of New Year's bouquets, the contents of which depend only on personal wishes and preferences.

An anniversary reflects an important milestone in life and is expressed as a round date in the life of a person or an important event associated with some event.

A bouquet for such an event should be original and luxurious, and symbolize a wide range of feelings, including love and respect.

If the anniversary is connected with a birthday, then the personal preferences of the birthday boy or girl being presented are taken into account. But in the absence of preferences, women choose flowers in red, white and yellow shades, such as orchids, roses, chrysanthemums and eustomas. For men, blue and blue, red and orange shades are selected.

If the celebration is associated with a significant life date, then the compositions are made in an original form, the most suitable of which would be a bouquet of a heart, a bouquet of a ship, or flowers in a hat box.

Many companies decorate their offices with flower bouquets to create a cozy atmosphere for employees, corporate events, or to prepare meetings with partners.

Floral arrangements in offices can be seen at conferences and seminars, round tables, presentations and negotiations.

For ordinary office events and when communicating with partners, preference is given to bouquets in strict and simple proportions of small volumes. Such bouquets are collected using a floral sponge and placed in small baskets, wooden pedestals or glass containers. The range of such bouquets can be monotonous or with small bright accents.

For festive corporate events, the compositions are colorful and elegant. They are placed in prominent places, decorating tables and important areas. Preference is given to plants with large flowers, such as anthurium, calla lilies, roses and large chrysanthemums.

Another interesting classification would be the grouping of bouquets by country.

Classification by country

Floristry as an art was formed for a long time. Each country had its own peculiarities in the formation of bouquets, thanks to which it was possible to distinguish, for example, a Dutch bouquet with tulips from an English bouquet with roses.

Over time, the boundaries were erased, and this is how, for example, American and European bouquets appeared. But distinctive features Some countries still have bouquets.

Therefore, according to the history of floristry, the following classification by country is distinguished:

Old English traditions are reflected not only in the English lifestyle, but also in flower arrangements.

Special conditions when composing classic bouquets are:

No unopened buds;
Round or triangular shape, sometimes fan shape;
Assembling bouquets only from flowers without adding various elements for decoration;
The use of wild and garden flowers, among which pansies, spray carnations, lavender, peonies, primroses and roses are especially popular;
Symmetrical arrangement of flowers;
Low-contrast color scheme.

English Art Nouveau style bouquets differ from classic Victorian ones by deviating from the listed rules:

Some asymmetry is allowed;
Not used a large number of flowers that are surrounded by branches, greenery or leaves;
Color contrasts and unusual combinations are possible.

In addition, it was in England that the first bouquets of dried flowers and leaves, preserved using a special technique, appeared.

Biedermeier- a bouquet whose origins go back to German roots. It appeared a couple of centuries ago, but quickly gained popularity. Initially, it was a small, symmetrically assembled lush bouquet with a carefully selected color scheme.

A little later, the bouquet was transformed and today its main features are as follows:

Rounded contour-closed shape of the assembly;
Color laying in layers from top to bottom;
The Biedermeier arrangement uses close placement of flower heads to each other;
Adding both fresh and dried flowers;
Artificial materials such as lace and ribbons, lightweight fabrics and sisal are carefully used to arrange Biedermeier designs.

In addition to artificial framing, greenery is also used, among which asparagus, mint, fern and eucalyptus are popular.

The special charm inherent in a French bouquet undoubtedly comes from its aroma. After all, the French, like no one else, know that a bouquet can attract attention not only with its external charm, but also with its aromatic content.

Therefore, the main features of the French bouquet are as follows:

The use of fragrant plants and flowers, such as gardenia, jasmine or lily. A small bouquet of spicy herbs, called Garni, is considered especially fragrant;
Pyramidal shape of the composition;
A large number of flowers in a bouquet of contrasting colors;
Arrangements of bouquets in an old style, such as Pompadour;
The use of pedestals for compositions, for example, flowerpots, vases, cups, goblets, jugs.

The country of Japan is truly unique in many of its traditions. Its oriental spirit is reflected in everything the Japanese touch, including floral bouquets.

This is why a Japanese bouquet looks like a work of art. And this art is called ikebana, which in Japanese sounds like “live flowers”.

The Japanese style of bouquet arrangement conveys the natural flow of life in nature, reflecting the different seasons. And despite the apparent simplicity of the compositions, making them is not so easy.

Traditionally, ikebana is created according to certain rules, and each bouquet should not only be harmonious and proportional, but also convey movement. And for this, the compositions are given a certain volume, asymmetry and lyricism of the author’s mood, which also depends on the time of year.

So in the spring, Japanese florists use elongated flowering plants and greenery with long stems to express expression and revive life.

For blooming summer voluminous compositions are made, consisting of wide leaves, bright and lush flowers.

In autumn, which brings with it nostalgia and memories, bouquets become more sophisticated. The masters choose flowers of more muted tones, and they are combined with dried flowers, tree branches and dried leaves.

And finally, in winter, during nature’s sleep, Japanese bouquets display calmness and tranquility, and sometimes a certain gloom and icy breath. When making bouquets, preference is given not to flowers, but to coniferous and berry branches.

There are other less common classifications of bouquets, but using the presented classifications you can select a large number of master classes.

Master classes on making bouquets

On the Internet you can find an abundance of lessons on making bouquets from various classifications.

IN various master classes florists show step by step how to correctly assemble flower arrangements. The most informative of them are video lessons.

Therefore, let’s take a look at some interesting videos for teaching floristry:

Floristics- this is one of the varieties of design and decorative and applied art, which is embodied in the creation of compositions, collages, bouquets, and panels. Floral arranging is a creative and technical endeavor.

Usually the designer's goal is to express a theme or idea, an event, using only flowers and leaves.

Floristry for beginners involves creating simple natural compositions, bouquets and collages. It can become a real hobby for lovers of something beautiful, because you can create masterpieces with your own hands. So where to start?

Basics of the art of floristry

First you need to decide on the materials. Each flower has its own meaning. Various natural materials are used for work, for example, flowers, herbs, leaves, berries, chestnuts, nuts, etc. The materials used can be either dry or live.

If you want to create a gift bouquet, remember that azalea means devotion, gladiolus - constancy, calla - beauty and poise, lotus - good health and happiness, orchid - beauty, peony - fame and wealth. In addition, each shade has its own meaning.

Red flowers symbolize passion and love, dark pink - gratitude, white - purity and innocence, purple - friendship, yellow - joy and prosperity. Recently, flower etiquette has received more and more attention. Therefore, by combining different flowers you can express feelings or gratitude.

When composing a flower arrangement, the appearance of the flowers is very important. When choosing flowers, pay attention to the foliage. It should be green, without brown spots. The stems should look as if they were recently cut from the flower bed.

The main rule in floristry for beginners: more is not better. How instilled experienced designers they do not use more than three colors in their works. Bouquets with more than four types of flowers may seem crowded and too variegated, which spoils their appearance.

Classification into types of compositions

Florists identify 4 ways to combine the colors of plants.
The first is the use of similar colors, the second is a combination of contrasting colors located opposite each other, the third is a combination of different color wheel, the fourth is a combination of several shades of the same color.

Contrasting compositions look bright and unusual. To create such a bouquet you need to use “pure” colors. You can combine orange gerberas with blue irises to create an optimistic composition.

For a romantic atmosphere, you should choose bed shades, choosing muted ones: blue colors combined with soft pinks or lilacs with yellow-browns. When experimenting, try making a bouquet of flowers of a light shade and a dark one.

The bouquet may predominate specific color. As usual, florists use several flowers of similar shades for a harmonious combination. Such a bouquet can be composed in a transitional range of one tone. For example, for bright colors the background of the composition is made dimmer and darker, and for dark colors it is made darker and brighter.

When creating a composition, you cannot pay attention only to color. Try to choose natural material of suitable size and shape.

When composing a flower arrangement, you need to prepare the plants and store them correctly during the work process. Place flowers in water by cutting their stems at an angle. Remove all growth and foliage that is below the water level. To maintain the freshness of flowers, you can use floral foam, which prevents the growth of bacteria.

Almost all cut flowers are best stored at a temperature of +5 degrees. Gladioli, orchids, anthuriums are well preserved at +10 degrees. You can “revive” some fading flowers, for example, a rose, by placing the plant in a bath of water for 2 hours.

Charming compositions of dried flowers

Compositions made from dried flowers look very beautiful. They are durable and require almost no further care. A bouquet of dried flowers can be made in decorative tree or vase. One of the most important stages when composing a bouquet is selecting the necessary flowers and drying them. You can choose tall roses and gladioli.

Eucalyptus leaves, poppy flowers, yarrow, and dried fern leaves are suitable additions to the bouquet. As a rule, dried flowers are not very bright, so you can color the plants or use additional elements as decoration, for example, peacock feathers.

The most popular composition of dried flowers is a regular bouquet. To create it you need dried flowers, a vase, decorative stones and filler. The bottom of the vase needs to be filled with floral foam. If you don’t have one, you can use a regular mounting room and fill it with cellophane, thereby preserving the walls of the vase.

Trim the dried flower stems to the required length. You need to make a bouquet starting with the tallest flowers, which form the shape of the future composition. Rotate the vase, complementing it with natural materials, so that the bouquet looks harmonious from all sides. Stones should be added as desired. IN transparent vase They will not only be a decoration, but will also make it more sustainable.

The finished composition of dried flowers should be placed away from the window so that as little sunlight as possible gets in.

Tools for the future florist

If you are seriously interested in designing from floral materials, then you will probably need tools.

✽ Floral foam needed to secure flowers in the composition.

✽ Using flower pins you can attach ribbons and moss in the required place.

✽ Floral ribbon needed to give the stem additional stability.

You can also hide it floral wire, which is fundamental in many works.

✽ To cut the wire you will need wire cutters.

Other tools can be found in the arsenal of every gardener and florist: garden shears, secateurs etc. Scissors and pruning shears must be sharp so that the cut is always smooth. This is especially important when working with wooden twigs and thick-stemmed flowers.

Experienced florists often use glue gun And sticks. Thanks to these devices, you can fix the foam in the vessel. The gun can be used to make compositions from dried flowers and artificial flowers.

Directions and styles of floristry

Europeans highlight three directions of floristry: form-linear, vegetative and decorative. This classification was approved by Gregor Lersch and Daniel Ost. Peter Asman has cultivated 4 areas of floristry. In addition to the three styles listed above, there was one more - parallel.

However, this direction was transferred to the category of arrangement of lines of plant materials. Currently particularly popular creative floristry. This direction is characterized by originality of forms, sophistication and uniqueness.

Compositions made in a linear style are very easy to recognize. All plant materials used rather sparingly. Any element is very important, just as the moment of using the space between materials is important.

The peculiarity of the massive style is in its arrangement. These are volumetric forms with soft transitions. The florist creates the central part of the bouquet, and then gradually fills in the outlines of the arrangement.

Compositions made in a mixed floristry style are very diverse. They are far from the established rules of arrangement of the linear, massive or massive-linear style. Most likely, they harmoniously combine all styles.

Floristry is a fascinating activity that will give you many pleasant moments. By making a composition from flowers, twigs and leaves, you become closer to nature. Studying floristry as an element of design can not only provide an opportunity to explore new opportunities, but even develop into a real profession.

Video master classes to help beginning flower designers

1) First lesson in floristry. Bouquet "Caramel".

2) Floristry: the secret of a simple bouquet

3) Floristry master class for beginners

4) How did I become a florist? // My first bouquet

5) How to make a frame for a winter bouquet

6) Spiral technique using the example of white bouquets

7) Compositions in baskets

9) Decorating the premises for the New Year

10) Bouquet of dried fruits/ Floristry

11) 10 tips for beginner florists

Sections

Basic rules of floristry. Florists told how to put together a professional bouquet yourself

What is floristry

Arranging bouquets

Floral compositions

Making bouquets of fresh flowers

Combination of flowers in a bouquet

Arranging bouquets of fresh flowers

Making bouquets of artificial flowers

Materials for floristry

Florist tools

Secrets of floristry

Floristry training

Master classes on floristry

Floristry lessons for beginners

Floristry and design courses

Video: how to make a bouquet of roses with your own hands

Preparatory stage

Assembly options

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Classification by shape

Structural bouquets of non-standard shapes

Classification by style

Vegetative style

Decorative style

Shape - linear style

Classification by purpose

Classification by event

Classification by country

Master classes on making bouquets

Basics of the art of floristry

Classification into types of compositions

Charming compositions of dried flowers

Tools for the future florist

Directions and styles of floristry

Video master classes to help beginning flower designers