Presentation - medieval city. Presentation for a history lesson on the topic "medieval city in Western and Central Europe" Medieval Western European city presentation
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Phased Development of Cities
1. IV-V centuries. – After the fall of the Roman Empire and the destruction of its cities, either political-administrative centers, or fortified points, or episcopal residences began to emerge on the site of large Roman cities. The size and population of cities declined.
2. V-VIII centuries. - early city. In the rest of Europe, where there were no ancient traditions, there were separate centers of civilization in the form of craft and trade settlements, fortresses and collective shelters.
3. IX-XIII centuries. - the emergence of the medieval city itself.
IX-X centuries - a time of mass urbanization, which ended by the end of the 12th-13th centuries.
4. XIV-XV centuries. – the next stage in the development of the city. New cities hardly appear. The city develops itself and influences society, changing the feudal district.
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Location of the Medieval City
During the classical Middle Ages, old cities grew rapidly and new cities emerged.
They appear everywhere - near castles, fortresses, at large secular estates, monasteries, at river crossings, near bridges, at crossroads, where favorable conditions for trade and crafts
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Numerical Composition of the City
Medium city - with a population of 4-6 thousand.
Very large ones had a population of 80 thousand people. (These are cities such as Paris, Milan, Florence.)
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Cities of Seniors
Cities arose on the lands of the king or large feudal lords and were beneficial to them, bringing in income in the form of taxes on crafts and trade. Most often, power belonged to several lords.
Because Most cities were dependent on their lords; the townspeople fought to gain independence, i.e. for turning into a free city.
The means of struggle of the urban population for their rights were urban uprisings - communal revolutions, as well as the purchase of their rights from the lord.
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City Management
Cities paid taxes to the king.
City Council
Elected by the townspeople
- is in charge of the treasury
- court
- troops
Mayor (burgomaster) - Head of the Council
City government was in the hands of wealthy townspeople, merchants and patrician homeowners.
The townspeople were freed from personal dependence.
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Power of the Free Cities
The authorities of independent cities were elected and had the right to collect taxes, pay the treasury, manage city finances at their discretion, have their own courts, mint their own coins, and even declare war and make peace.
Often the city elite seized power and acted to the detriment of the ordinary population of the city.
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Wealth of Cities
The wealth of cities was based on the wealth of their citizens.
Among the richest were moneylenders and money changers. They determined the quality and usefulness of the coin, and this was extremely important in the context of the constant deterioration of coins practiced by mercantilist governments.
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...Reached to the City...
However, they still wanted to go to the cities, because, as the proverb testified, “the city air made a dependent person free” - for this you had to live in the city for one year and one day.
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Occupations of the Urban Population
- Craft
- Trade
- Small gardening and floriculture
- Weaving
- Wood and metal processing
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Population Stratification
Complete equality of all citizens was not achieved anywhere during the Middle Ages.
“Church” - Denial of one’s guilt - Burning at the stake “without shedding blood.” The struggle of the church against heretics. Dad wrote: Catholic Church and heretics. In the XI – XII centuries. The Christian Church in Western Europe achieved great power. Western Church (Catholic, i.e. “worldwide”) Pp. 126. The power of papal power.
“Early Middle Ages” - a continuous movement of nomadic peoples from east to west, which began around 375 with the arrival of the Huns from Asia and ended after the formation of the kingdom of the Golden Horde in the Black Sea steppes (1240). "The Frankish state, Byzantium and the Arab Caliphate in the VI-XI centuries." The Great Migration of Peoples." General lesson on the topic “Early Middle Ages.
“Africa in the Middle Ages” - Ethiopia (ancient Aksum) retained its independence. Ethiopia adopted Christianity. The most powerful sovereigns on the northern coast were: Slaves. the sultans of Morocco are in the west, the sultans of Egypt are in the east. Church of St. George in Lalibela. Negus is the ruler of Ethiopia. Magadisho, Kiloa, Zanzibar, Sofala are cities on the east coast of Africa.
“Spain in the 11th-15th centuries” - The new powerful power Spain turned its gaze to foreign territories. King Jaime I of Aragon (reigned 1213–1276) conquered the Balearic Islands and, in 1238, Valencia. Until the second half of the 15th century. the country was fragmented into various kingdoms that did not want to unite their forces. In 1478, the Spanish Inquisition was established, headed by Tomás de Torquemada.
“Feudal Economy” - Forms of land ownership in medieval Russia. Types of subordination in medieval Europe. prof., doctor of historical sciences E.V. Laptev. The development of feudalism in Japan. The formation of feudalism in Europe. Charles Martell. Fgou " financial Academy under the government. Ivan III. Medieval castle of a feudal lord in Japan. Old Russian cities.
“The Age of the Middle Ages” - Stirrups. Technological advances that helped people store and transmit information. From the 5th century AD. Paper and gunpowder. What made the rider stable in the saddle? Technical achievements in architecture and art. Ancient world. What outstanding things were done during the Middle Ages? What era preceded the Middle Ages?
There are 15 presentations in total
summary of presentationsEurope in the Middle Ages
Slides: 23 Words: 884 Sounds: 0 Effects: 49Europe and Russia in the Middle Ages. The concept of the Middle Ages. The term "Middle Ages". Feudalism, its main features. Feud. Relations between feudal lords and peasants. Patrimony. Natural economy. Corvee. Quirk. Relations between feudal lords. Kings. Seniors. Vassals. The structure of medieval society. Corporation. The role of the church in the Middle Ages. The fight between popes and kings. Medieval state. Early feudal monarchy. Estate-representative monarchy. Absolute monarchy. Exercise. - Europe in the Middle Ages.ppt
Middle Ages in Europe
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Medieval society
Slides: 39 Words: 364 Sounds: 0 Effects: 89Medieval society. Social system. Estate. Organization of the Christian Church. Feudal lord. Feudal staircase. Lock. Medieval village. Peasants. Economic dependence. Manor of duty. The economy of the feudal lord. Compulsory duties. Quirk. Corvee. Personal addiction. Delivery of a judicial verdict. Life of a Medieval Village. Owner of the estate. Village church. Villagers. Medieval society. Medieval society. Medieval society. Medieval society. Peasant cattle. Medieval society. Medieval society. Peasant house. - Medieval Society.ppt
Clothing in the style of the Middle Ages
Slides: 19 Words: 3621 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Medieval Fashion Magazine. Men's Western European costume of the Middle Ages. Sculpture of medieval cathedrals. Dart. Using bright, contrasting color combinations in clothing. Men's suit. Close-fitting silhouette. Tight short jackets. Clothing in the style of the Middle Ages. Clothing in the style of the Middle Ages. Women's dresses. Period early Middle Ages. Clothing in the style of the Middle Ages. Clothing in the style of the Middle Ages. Late Middle Ages period. Proportions of a woman's fitted suit. Dynamic triangular shapes. Variety of hairstyles. Cover. - Clothing in the style of the Middle Ages.pptx
Medieval village
Slides: 9 Words: 457 Sounds: 0 Effects: 41Determine the main features of the economy in the early Middle Ages? 1. The master's land and peasant plots. The master's land was cultivated by peasants. Lord's courtyard. Peasant plots. 2. Feudal lords and dependent peasants. Read point 2 on page 43. -What other duties did the peasants bear in favor of the feudal lords? 3. Peasant community. All matters in the community were decided together, at a general meeting. 4.How the peasants lived. Peasants lived in villages of 10-15 households. The yard consisted of a house, barn, stable, barn and other buildings. Houses were built from logs and covered with straw. The peasants slept on wooden beds, or benches. - Medieval village.ppt
Formation of medieval cities
Slides: 16 Words: 621 Sounds: 0 Effects: 28Formation of medieval cities. Reasons for the emergence and growth of cities. Reasons for the growth of medieval cities. Students' idea of a medieval city. The most important changes in life. Formation of medieval cities. Farm development. Separation of crafts from agriculture. The emergence of cities. Feudal lords and townspeople. Traders and artisans. Craftsmen of the same profession. Money. European cities. Sahakyan Inessa. Thank you for watching. - Education of medieval cities.ppt
The emergence of medieval cities
Slides: 13 Words: 462 Sounds: 0 Effects: 32The emergence of medieval cities. Give the correct answer. The emergence of medieval cities. Economic development and its consequences. Changes in the economy. The soil became less depleted. Separation of crafts from agriculture. The emergence of cities. Feudal lords and townspeople. Traders and artisans. Butcher. Money. European cities. - The emergence of medieval cities.pps
Craft in a medieval town
Slides: 11 Words: 472 Sounds: 0 Effects: 36Craft in a medieval city. Give the correct answer. Craft. Lesson plan. Peculiarities. Craftsman's workshop. Products. Participants in craft production. Home-based weaver at work. Workshops. The role of workshops in the life of the city. - Craft in a medieval city.pps
Quiz "Middle Ages"
Slides: 48 Words: 1017 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Development of the feudal system. Discoveries, inventions. Farming system. Three-field farming system. Who benefited from this arrangement? Clue. Correct answer. Why did the number of workshops grow? Happening. This was explained by the growing division of labor. Seniors provided benefits. The lords sought to attract more people to the city. Medieval city. City dwellers are people from the countryside. Connection between the urban population and agriculture. How money changers turned into moneylenders. Money changers exchanged coins different countries. The clergy were forbidden to marry. The Church sought to prevent the theft of its wealth. -
"Medieval architecture" - The term was first applied only to architecture, and later to other forms of art. Many researchers see the first glimpses of the Renaissance in Pisano's work. At the same time, urban culture was formed. Later, cycles of war songs turned into entire poems. For a long time The church had a monopoly in the field of education.
"Medieval Universities" - Medieval Universities Western Europe. The universities of Paris and Bologna were the first in Europe in terms of time of their establishment. Content. Cambridge university. Target. University of Vienna. Prague University. Hypothesis. University of Paris. Key findings (continued). The beginning of universities dates back to the 12th century.
"Medieval city" - Clairvaux. Lyon. Roman structures gradually absorbed the barbarian elements of the Fustel de Coulanges. History of Europe. Palermo. Center medieval culture. Medieval city Materials for the special course. Closeness to God. Stages of history. The problem of continuity between antiquity and the Middle Ages. Few stone buildings.
“In a medieval castle” - Representatives of different classes. Hygiene. Classes. Castle interior. Servant. Heating and lighting. A tub from a well at Runneburg Castle around 1250. Harvesting. List of used literature and links to sites. Feudal lord. Wall fireplace at Wildenberg Castle. Donjon. Military content. Tower. Costumes. Storage container and table pots.
“Medieval Literature” - Presentation by a group of writers. We would include in the exhibition a story about “The Romance of the Fox.” The life of medieval Europe is depicted in an allegorical form. We would include a story about “The Song of Roland” in the exhibition. Museum of Medieval Culture and Life. What famous works have come down to us from the Middle Ages?
"Medieval culture" - "Carolingian Renaissance". "Gothic manner". Find the answer to this question and outline solutions. Expanding your horizons. Romanesque era. Romanesque architecture amazes with its power, sculpture with its restless spirit. "Geocentric model". Stone. Spiritual and moral upbringing. Project. In the Middle Ages, a lot of heavy, inhuman, dark things were piled up.
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Sipovich Olga Ivanovna Lyceum No. 144
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Reasons for the growth of cities in Europe
Important changes took place in the economic life of Europe in the 10th – 11th centuries: 1. Many crafts were significantly improved. It was necessary to transform crafts from ancillary production in agriculture into an independent branch of the economy. 2.Improvement of tools and methods of soil cultivation led to an increase in the quantity and variety of products. As a result of these processes, crafts begin to separate from agriculture.
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Prerequisites for choosing a city location Craftsmen left the village to where they could find favorable conditions for marketing their products.
Near royal residences
Near the monasteries
Near the castles of the feudal lords
Near crossings and bridges
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To protect themselves from attacks by knights and robbers, city residents surrounded their settlements with a moat and rampart, and erected a palisade on the rampart. Later these fortifications were replaced stone walls. The gates to the city were guarded by guards.
If the place was very convenient, then people continued to settle in this place and soon a second wall appeared.
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Germany. Nuremberg.
Estonia. Tallinn.
double fortress walls
fortress walls of the royal residence
fortress towers
Medieval cities
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Arrangement of the city The tightness of the city was explained by the fact that it was limited by fortress walls. Many cities had a radial layout. In the center is the main square, where the most important buildings were located: TOWN HALL, CATHEDRAL
Cathedrals of NUREMBERG
MUNICH Town Hall and musical clock
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From the square, streets spread out in radii. They were not straight, they looped, intersected, forming small squares; they were connected by alleys and passages. All this formed a real labyrinth in which it was not difficult for a visitor to get lost. Even bridges were used for construction.