Forage grasses: photos and descriptions. Rye fire
In field crop rotations, awnless brome crops are placed after corn, sunflower, potatoes and leguminous crops.
The fire responds well to the addition of organic and mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. The greatest increase in yield can be obtained by applying 3-4 quintals of superphosphate and 1 quintal of potassium salt per 1 ha under the main plowing. Nitrogen fertilizers enhance the growth of vegetative mass, so they are applied annually as top dressing in the spring before harrowing at a dose of 50-60 kg of active substance per 1 ha.
When using grass stand on grass meal, higher doses of nitrogen are applied fractionally, at the first and subsequent cuttings.
Cultivation of fire for hay is possible both with coverless and under cover crops (under the cover of grain crops or millet, mogar). It is sown in early spring, as well as in summer and autumn. Best term sowing - autumn, especially in dry-steppe rainfed areas. The fire also works well for summer coverless crops.
The seeding rate for continuous row sowing is 7-6 million viable seeds (20-25 kg per 1 ha). On fertile lands the seeding rate can be reduced to 5-6 million viable seeds (20 kg per 1 ha), and on saline soils, on the contrary, increased to 8-9 million. Bonfire seeds are lightweight and therefore difficult to sow. For uniform sowing, fine granulated superphosphate is added to them in an amount of 50 kg per 1 ha. For sowing, grain and grass seeders SUT-47, C3TH-31, C3T-3.6 are used.
The depth of planting of the tillering node, which can be adjusted by the depth of seed placement, is important for resistance to unfavorable conditions. In a awnless bonfire, the normal depth of the tillering unit is achieved when seeds are planted to a depth of 4-5 cm; on heavy soils it should not exceed 2-3 cm. Normally moistened soil is rolled down after sowing.
When sowing without cover, in the first year of life, to combat weeds, mow the weeds two to three times. In the second and third years of life in the spring, the crops are cultivated with heavy harrows in two or three tracks, in the fourth - sixth years - with a disc hoe in one or two tracks. On old-growth crops, deep (25 cm) moldless loosening, harrowing and rolling are carried out to rejuvenate the grass stand. Rejuvenation is combined with the application of mineral fertilizers.
The bonfire produces the highest hay yields and protein yields in the panicle formation phase, in more late dates The hay turns out to be coarse and of little nutrition.
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Tillage
depends on the predecessor and cover crop. In the fall, peeling is carried out, and after 2 - 4 weeks - plowing to a depth of 25 - 30 cm. When sowing under the cover of early spring crops, pre-sowing harrowing is carried out in two tracks. If the cover crops are Sudan grass, millet or corn, then before sowing the field is cultivated 2-3 times with simultaneous harrowing. In steppe regions, pre-sowing soil rolling is important.
Fertilizers
in steppe areas, 15-20 tha of manure are applied, and in more humid areas - 25-40 tons, or 45-60 kg of active substance phosphorus and potassium per 1 ha. Organic fertilizers It’s better to add it under the predecessor. When sowing, it is recommended to incorporate up to 50 kg ha of granulated superphosphate into the soil along with the seeds.
Preparing seeds for sowing
Pre-sowing seed treatment with molybdenum, boron and nitragine gives good results.
Sowing dates, seeding rates, planting depth
Bonfireless brome mixed with leguminous grasses is sown under the cover of spring grains in early spring in a row manner. The seeds are sown in wide rows. Seed sowing rate (per 1 ha): with row sowing 16 - 18 kg, and with wide row sowing 10 - 11 kg.
Bonfire (boneless)
The seeding depth is 3 - 4 cm.
Care
After sowing, the field is rolled, and when a soil crust appears, it is destroyed with rotary hoes. A mandatory technique is harrowing after each mowing and in the spring. In the steppe regions great importance has snow retention and melt water retention.
Cleaning
The best time to harvest hay is when panicles appear. Seeds are harvested in the phase of full ripeness.
Rump without awn
Rump without awn(Bromopsis inermis Holub) is a perennial tall grass, which occupies one of the first places among perennial forage grasses in terms of feeding qualities and prevalence.
Contains an average of 12.5% crude protein, about 50 feed. units (in 100 kg of hay).
Rump without awn– an excellent haymaking plant and, as one of the components of grass mixtures, a pasture plant. It is of great value for permanent pastures and water meadows. It is well eaten, especially before heading, by all types of animals, but better than others - by cattle and horses.
All things being equal awnless rump produces higher yields than other perennial cereal grasses. Including it in grass mixtures with legumes increases the yield of hay and pasture forage, and creates conditions for better grass growth.
Botanical and biological features:
The root system is rhizomatous, capable of taking root at nodes, which leads to the formation of new bushes. The roots penetrate the soil to a depth of 2 m. Thanks to its highly developed root system, awnless brome tolerates drought well.
The stems are straight, well leafy, up to 180–200 cm high. The leaves are broad-linear, flat. Inflorescence - panicle various shapes(drooped, prostrate, semi-compressed, compressed, compact, single-maned). The fruit is a grain in dark gray flower scales. Weight of 1000 seeds is 3.5 g.
There are many varieties of awnless brome, which can be reduced to three groups associated with the areas of their cultivation.
Meadow group, confined to a humid climate - to the taiga-forest zone, Non-Chernozem zone, to the northern regions, floodplain meadows; It is characterized by high foliage, productivity and good feeding qualities.
The steppe group is distributed in the steppe arid regions of the southeast. Compared to meadow grass, it has weaker foliage, is inferior in feeding qualities and yield, but superior in drought resistance.
The forest-steppe group occupies an intermediate position between the two previous groups, but according to its main characteristics it is closer to the steppe group. Grows in forest-steppe and steppe zones, on moderately moist soils, along steppe estuaries and ravines.
Rump without awn can grow on a wide variety of soils, but loose alluvial soils of river floodplains, as well as chernozem sandy loam or loamy soils are considered the best for it.
Technology for cultivating awnless fire
It grows poorly on heavy chestnut, clay soils and does not tolerate waterlogged and saline soils.
It is characterized by high winter hardiness and drought resistance. It grows in one place for 12–14 years, and with the use of fertilizers on floodplain lands – up to 20 years. Good harvest produces within 4–5 years, but reaches its highest productivity in the second and third years of life.
Agricultural technology:
The awnless rump is a good predecessor for grain crops, in particular for wheat. When mixed with legumes and perennial grasses, it significantly increases grain yield.
As a rhizomatous grass, awnless brome was not previously recommended for field crop rotations for fear of clogging the fields. However, data from experimental institutions, as well as a number of farms in various regions, show that with deep plowing (25-27 cm), rhizomes do not grow and do not pose a threat of clogging subsequent grain crops.
Tillage for awnless brome begins with stubble peeling and deep plowing. In the plowed land, snow retention and melt water retention are carried out. In early spring, the plowed land is harrowed in 2–3 tracks.
Fertilizer application gives good results. The main fertilizer (mineral and organic) should be applied under the fallow land, and top dressing should be applied after mowing.
The optimal time for sowing grass mixtures of awnless brome and leguminous grasses is early spring and late summer. The best way sowing - inter-row.
The seeding rate for row sowing is 20–25 kg/ha, and for wide-row sowing – 15 kg/ha. The seeding rate for the alfalfa-rump mixture is 12 kg of awnless rump and 5–6 kg of alfalfa. The sowing depth of seeds is 4–5 cm, and in grass mixtures – 3–4 cm.
During the tillering phase, crops are fed with organic and mineral fertilizers; After the first mowing, harrowing and fertilizing are carried out. Fertilizers can be applied in the fall after the last mowing.
The grass stand should be mowed for hay during the panicle sweeping phase. To better preserve nutrients, drying hay in swaths and windrows should be completed within 2–3 days.
It is advisable to plant seed crops of awnless brome using a wide-row method. For seed purposes, they are isolated from continuous grass stands in the fall. best plots third and fourth years use. These crops are fertilized with mineral fertilizers in the fall after mowing, and snow retention is carried out in winter. Additional pollination helps to increase seed yield (by 50 kg or more per 1 ha). The yield of awnless brome seeds can reach 6–7 c/ha.
“I managed to get one and a half buckets of bonfire seeds. I want to sow in the mowing, but I don’t know whether the seeds will ripen in our area. In what areas is it better to sow, how do I know when to remove the seeds?”
A. Mikhailov
Bashkortostan
Bonfire awnless (this is the species grown for food) is a tall rhizomatous grass. Creates a continuous turf. Widely distributed in forest and forest-steppe zones, therefore, in Bashkiria, and on black soil it grows everywhere: in fields, meadows, gardens and vegetable gardens, open places and among the bushes.
In common parlance, a awnless fire is called wheatgrass or wheatgrass, and the hay from it is called wheatgrass. Indeed, it is similar to real wheatgrass in terms of growth, and even more so in its method of reproduction. Bonfire, like wheatgrass, has a strong rhizome, consisting of more or less developed knees with nodes. These rhizomes spread along the ground in the form of long threads, which are capable of intensely producing stem and root buds, which results in the formation of a mass of both shoots. They can grow into plants with roots, stems, leaves and panicles. Thanks to this phenomenon, a fire can take up more and more area and thereby ensure its existence for many years. It will take a lot of all sorts of unfavorable conditions, actions, and long-lasting ones, for the fire to lose its ability to grow and disappear without a trace. Of course, drought, hardness of the soil, or accidentally introduced seeds can extinguish the fire, but the offspring of its rhizomes will appear again with a change in conditions. same place. Such vitality, moreover, for many years (10-20, and when used for haymaking 5-7 years) and the edibility of livestock feed make bonfire one of the most valuable forage plants.
The awnless bonfire is undemanding to the climate and tolerates the harsh winters of Western and Eastern Siberia with little snow, Far East. Tolerates inundation by flood waters. In the old magazine "Agricultural Newspaper", 1895 we read the following message. “On the banks of the Don, as well as the rivers flowing into it, it grows wild. So in the lowlands of Aksai, which sometimes remain under water until June, near the river itself, Bulgarians and Don Cossacks plow up the land for vegetable gardens after Peter’s Day and sow cucumbers here, cabbage and potatoes. Cucumbers begin to be harvested in August, and cabbage and potatoes ripen in September; the largest part of the huge Aksai lowland is overgrown with lush grass, which mainly consists of awnless fire and wheatgrass. These magnificent meadows are cut in August and produce a wealth of fine hay. In such places the fire grows especially strongly and reaches up to two and a half arshins (up to 1.5 m. Ed.) in height, but in flooded areas it does not get so high.”
The root system is very powerful and penetrates deeply (up to 2 m or more) into the soil. In this way, the roots draw water from the deep soil horizons, and the brome produces high yields in dry years. Let's turn to the yellowed pages of the "Proceedings of the Free Economic Society", 1875 for an example. “In the rather dry year of 1894 in the Ekaterinoslav province (Kuban. Ed.) all cereals suffered; even wheatgrass, by all accounts a very hardy plant, lower leaves for the most part, even in June, they turned yellow, but the boneless bonfire remained fresh and green.”
The best soils for it are loose fertile and black soils. It grows poorly on peat and highly saline lands.
The fodder value of a awnless bonfire with timely mowing (during the panicle sweeping phase) is high. On pastures, awnless bonfire eats large ones very well. cattle and horses in spring and early summer, but from the beginning of heading to flowering it turns out to be less tasty for animals.
How do you know when to remove the seeds? When the panicles begin to turn yellow, take one and rub it between your palms; if at least some of them are already crumbling, it’s time to remove it. As the panicles dry, the seeds will ripen.
Syn: awnless brome, wheatgrass brome.
Bonfire is a perennial grass with a long rhizome, flat leaf blades and a long stem with a panicle at the end. This plant is considered a valuable forage crop in many countries and is grown for pastures and hay. Due to its strong creeping roots, awnless brome is often used to prevent soil destruction by covering slopes with it.
Ask the experts a question
In medicine
Bonfire is not a pharmacopoeial plant and is not used in official medicine. However, its pollen is included in immunobiological preparations against hay fever, an allergic disease associated with the flowering of many plants. Such drugs work like vaccinations and can develop the body's resistance to allergens.
Contraindications and side effects
The use of any parts of the plant internally or externally is contraindicated for children, nursing and pregnant women, as well as for persons with allergies to pollen. If signs of hay fever appear, you should consult a specialist and get tested for laboratory testing.
In cooking
Now awnless brome is not used for human food and is considered suitable only for livestock, but during the years of famine in the south of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, porridges, stews and flour jelly were prepared from this nutritious grain.
In gardening
The awnless bonfire is sometimes used to frame lawns on garden plots. Its panicles look quite impressive in combination with other plants. In addition, the grass inhibits soil erosion, which is why it is often planted on alpine hills.
On the farm
Bonfire grass is capable of fixing the soil and preventing it from crumbling, so it is often planted on slopes along roads, ravines and banks. The grain is also included in special grass mixtures intended for grassing drained swamps and land reclamation. But the awnless brome has become widely known due to its nutritional properties; in many countries it is used to create pastures and produce hay, grass meal, silage, and haylage. Rump is one of the most adaptable and fastest growing cereals. Its rhizome grows well, capturing new territories and producing young shoots. In addition, brome is resistant to frost, drought and flooding; it can survive up to 60 days of flooding.
The plant prefers rich, drained soils with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction. At good conditions it can produce crops for 8 years in a row, even with frequent mowing. The seed yield of awnless brome in cultivation is 6-7 c/ha, and the hay yield is 50-150 c/ha. The nutritional value of cereal is one of the highest - 100 kg of finished hay contains almost 6 kg of digestible protein and a large amount of useful minerals. This forage crop is loved not only large species livestock, but also smaller animals: awnless brome is included in special grass mixtures for domestic rodents.
Classification
Bromus inermis is one of about 170 species of the genus Bromus, which is part of the Poaceae family.
Botanical description
Bonfireless bonfire - perennial herbaceous plant with a long, powerful fibrous rhizome that penetrates deeply into the ground. The stem is straight, smooth or pubescent, highly leafy, up to 100 cm high. The leaf blades are rough, flat, long, from 5 to 40 cm in length and 4-10 mm in width. The color of the leaves is dark green, sometimes grayish. The tongue is membranous, dissected, 1-2 mm in length. The inflorescence is a large oblong panicle 10-20 cm in length; during flowering it is spreading, and after that it is one-sided. The spikelets are large, oblong-linear, 1-3 cm long and 3-5 mm wide, with 3-12 small flowers pointed towards the apex. The flowers are pale green or grayish-lilac, the upper one is underdeveloped. The spikelet scales are bare, 5-8 mm long. The fruit of the awnless brome is an oblong, broadly lanceolate grain 8-12 mm long, surrounded by floral scales. The seeds are flattened, up to 3 mm wide and up to 12 mm long. The embryo is oval, slightly curved. Average weight 1000 seeds – 3.5 g.
Spreading
The awnless brome is found in meadows, on the banks of reservoirs, in sparse forests and on embankments along roads. It is widespread in Europe, Central, Eastern and Northern Asia, in North America. In Russia, it most often grows in the Volga, Northwestern and Central districts, less often in Western and Eastern Siberia. The awnless brome is cultivated as a fodder crop in many countries and regions.
Regions of distribution on the map of Russia.
Procurement of raw materials
The awnless rump plant is not harvested in medicinal purposes. To obtain hay, the grass is mowed during the formation of inflorescences, since it is at this time that a lot of protein and fats accumulate in the grain, and little fiber.
Chemical composition
The bezostom bonfire contains a large amount of protein, fiber, nitrogen-free extractives, sugars, fat and starch. The plant also contains amino acids (lysine, methionine, cystine), minerals (potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, etc.), vitamins D, E and group B.
A very useful and perennial herb grows in the vast expanses of Russia. It is incredibly nutritious and very suitable for feeding livestock. But this type of grass is also capable of saturating the soil with nitrogen; it receives it from carbon dioxide, which is extinguished by the plant, and during the process of photosynthesis is converted into other substances.
Description of bonfire grass
Bromegrass is a well-known oat. You can meet her in wildlife anywhere. Most often, pay attention to such places of plant growth as:
- Roadsides.
- Sandy soils and sands.
- Fields and meadows.
This type of plant is called a weed. The root system of this perennial is very long and is capable of creating unique clumps of loose composition. Most often, this grass is used as feed for livestock. But there are varietal species that are often used by landscape designers.
The awnless brome is a species of top-rooted herbaceous plant. It is worth noting that the stem can reach no more than 150 centimeters in height. The stem structure has a smooth texture and a dense leafy structure. A large number of fairly long shoots can be located on one stem. The leaves of the grass have a flat structure, their width is from 0.5 to 1 centimeter. The color of the foliage is a rich dark green hue. When it changes temperature regime The color of the foliage may change and fade a little.
The inflorescence of this herb has a paniculate structure. The length of the inflorescence itself reaches no more than 20 centimeters. The entire inflorescence consists of spikelets, and each of them does not exceed 3 centimeters in size. The color of the spikelets is purple on the lower part. They are also wrapped in a wide film. And the grains themselves, rich in nutritious vitamins and minerals, are covered with a large number of small hairs.
This forage grass It is considered to be blooming and this period does not last very long. The entire flowering time may directly depend on weather conditions. But nevertheless, you can observe the longest flowering only for 14 days. Take a closer look at these spikelets at those moments when the winds blow, you will see how beautifully the dense film that envelops the grains can shine. When illuminated it turns out red saturated color and is extremely reminiscent of a flame developing in the wind.
The root system is very developed and is capable of going deep into the soil by about 1.5–2 meters. It is thanks to the structure of its root system that the plant tolerates dry weather and hot sun. Even if the planted areas of this forage grass for a long time grow without precipitation, you can be sure that it will give excellent germination and big harvest. If there is excessive precipitation, then standing in water for a long time will not harm your plantings.
In order to choose a place to sow a bromegrass plant, you need to decide what you plan to grow this grass for. But of course there are several general recommendations for growing. If you adhere to them, you can provide the plant with proper and proper care, and a good place for growth and development. So, for the excellent growth and development of such a plant as fodder grass, you will need:
- Flat area with soil.
- The area should be well ventilated on all sides.
- Without any other plants planted and weed. It is best to take a plowed field with a tractor.
- The place should be well lit by the sun.
The chosen site for planting the grass should have nutritious and well-drained soil. Of course, soils with a high content of sand and clay may be best suited for such purposes. It is possible to plant this plant on dried peat soils. But what is important to note is that this grass will not grow and develop on salty soils. The soil should allow oxygen to pass through itself perfectly. And have a viscous structure. You should also not place the fire grass planting near a large number of groundwater.
Grass needs to be planted in early spring. The last weeks of April are the best time to carry out this procedure. The main thing is to ensure that the soil where the plant will be sown is properly saturated with moisture. And let us pay special attention to the fact that this perennial is sown before May 10.
Planting occurs using two well-known methods:
- Bloodless method.
- Undercover method.
If you decide to plant Kostera using these methods, then it is best to place the planted plants next to crops that store moisture. The best ones for this are:
- Oats.
- Millet.
These plants are sown one after another. The norm is reduced by one third. This sowing method is not recommended if you want to collect seeds from that crop in the future. To collect seeds, it is best to choose a coverless planting method.
If you decide to grow grass for animal feed, then pay attention to these recommendations. Create row spacing of at least 20 centimeters from each other. To sow approximately a one-hectare field, you will need about 15–18 kilograms of seed. All plantings must have wide row spacing, otherwise germination and yield will be very low.
Despite the fact that the plant is very unpretentious, grazing must be done carefully and at a strictly designated time. This is necessary in order to root system the plants did not die. The plant gains growth and develops well from the first year of sowing. But it is worth noting the fact that it is recommended to feed it to livestock only after the third year of life. This is due to the fact that it must form a good turf layer. If this is not done, then you risk being left without planting when releasing livestock to pasture. next year, they will be able to trample everything and destroy it. There are a number of rules for caring for the plant:
- This type of grass should be removed no more than three times during the entire season.. Please note that the shoots must be at least 60 millimeters in height. If this is not followed, your crops will not be able to recover.
- Do not bleed under any circumstances in the autumn.. By allowing such a process in late autumn, you will disrupt the process of photosynthesis and, accordingly, the root system will not be able to deposit everything nutrients, which should help the plant in winter period. And since the plant will not be able to overwinter, it will take a very long period of time to achieve good germination for the next season and, accordingly, your meadow will recover. Which is by no means acceptable if you sow it to feed livestock.
- Drought is not a problem for this type of forage grass. negative factor for development. But, on the contrary, the occurrence large quantity groundwater may adversely affect it. Choose an area for this plant to grow where underwater water runs very deep in the soil. The extensively growing root system of the plant will provide it with good nutrition and there will be no rotting.
- This variety of forage grass is very often used and prepared for feeding livestock in winter.. But please note that when harvesting in this way, the seeds that contain spikelets of grass begin to fall out when cut. Animals love the plant very much. fresh during growth. It is very nutritious and fortified for them. When eaten, it grows back very quickly and you can start enjoying it again.
Bonfires have long been used to feed livestock. According to the ancient records of our predecessors, it is clear that this grass has been highly valued as a fodder crop for many centuries. It was used to feed cows and sheep. Breeders are in the process of developing new varieties and species of this plant. They manage to develop even greater resistance to bad weather conditions and external factors.
Varieties of forage grass
Forage grass such as bromegrass has a huge number of varieties. Breeders count about 150 species of this plant. We will talk about the most common of them, which are also used for decorative purposes.
Family: cereals (Roaceae).
Motherland
Bromegrass is widespread in temperate climatic zone Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Form: perennial or annual herbaceous plant.
Description
Bromus (bromus) is a perennial or annual herbaceous plant. Height 30-120 cm. Perennial species form loose curtains, annual plants- dense bushes. Stems are erect, inflorescences are loose panicles various shapes. Bromegrass usually blooms in June-July. The fruit is a grain.
More than 150 species of this plant are known, about 30 are used in ornamental gardening.
Bonfire without bones (B. inermis). Perennial. A plant with a very elastic, long (up to 2 m), highly branched rhizome. Height 30-120 cm. Leaves are bare, flat, up to 1 cm wide. The length of the panicles is up to 15 cm. The spikelets are up to 3 cm long, each spikelet has 3-12 flowers, the color is purple.
Beneken's Bonfire (B. benekenii). Perennial. Height 60-120 cm. Leaves are green, rough, thin, flat, 0.5-1 cm wide. Panicles with drooping tops and long thin branches with 1-5 spikelets at the ends. The length of the panicle is 16-25 cm. The shape of the spikelets is lanceolate, up to 3.5 cm long, each spikelet has 7-9 flowers.
Bieberstein's Bonfire (B. biebersteinii). Perennial. Height 40-100 cm. Creeping rhizome. The leaves are glaucous, bare, flat, 0.3-0.7 cm wide. The panicles are long with short branches. The shape of the spikelets is narrow-lanceolate, up to 3.5 cm long, each spikelet has 5-8 flowers.
Felt fire (B. tomentosus). Perennial. Height up to 80 cm. Stems are pubescent. The leaves are pubescent, grayish-green in color. The panicles are narrow, compressed, up to 18 cm long. The shape of the spikelets is lanceolate, up to 3.5 cm long, each spikelet has 5-10 flowers.
Danton's Bonfire (B. danthoniae). Low-growing species, stem height up to 18 cm. Leaves are narrow, linear, flat. The panicles are compressed, short, with very short rough branches. The spikelets are lanceolate-shaped, up to 0.3 cm long, often purple in color.
Large bonfire (B. macrostachys). Homeland - Southern Europe. Height 40-60 cm. Panicles are loose. The spikelets are grayish-green, softly pubescent, narrow, large, up to 1.5 cm long. Blooms in July-August.
False rye bonfire (B. pseudosecalinus). Annual. Height 30-60 cm. Leaves up to 0.4 cm wide, pubescent. Panicles compressed, 5-10 cm long. The shape of the spikelets is lanceolate, each spikelet has 4-8 flowers.
Bonfire of Madrid (B. madritensis). Annual. Height 10-30 cm. Leaves up to 0.7 cm wide. The panicles are straight, with short, rough branches. Spikelets are 5-6 cm long, each spikelet has 5-12 flowers. Blooms in April-June.
Paniculata bonfire (B. scoparius). Height 20-60 cm. Leaves are softly pubescent, lanceolate in shape. The panicles are erect, with very short branches, oblong in shape. The shape of the spikelets is lanceolate, up to 1.5 cm long, each spikelet has 6-12 flowers.
The fire is soft (V. mollis). It grows naturally in Europe, the Caucasus and Asia Minor. Annual or biennial. Height 15-60 cm. Panicles dense, 3-10 cm long. The spikelets are densely pubescent, with long hairs, up to 2 cm long.
Roof fire (B. tectorum). Homeland - Southern Europe. Annual. Height up to 60 cm. Stems are reddish in color. The leaves are finely pubescent. The panicles are drooping, dense, with thin branches. The shape of the spikelets is wedge-shaped, length 2-3 cm.
Cleansing bonfire (B. catharticus). Perennial, sometimes biennial. Height 40-80 cm. Forms dense turf. The leaves are rough or hairy, flat, 0.3-0.6 cm wide. The panicles are long (up to 20 cm) with thick, rough branches. The shape of the spikelets is lanceolate, up to 3 cm long, each spikelet has 3-8 flowers. Blooms in July-August.
Motley fire (B. variegatus). Perennial. Height 25-70 cm. Leaves up to 0.5 cm wide, flat, green, glabrous. Panicles 5-11 cm long, compressed. The length of the spikelets is 2 cm, the color is violet-striped.
Field fire (B. arvensis). Homeland - Southern Europe. Annual. Height 30-80 cm. Leaves up to 0.6 cm wide, flat, pubescent. The panicles are widely spreading, with long, rough branches. The shape of the spikelets is lanceolate, each spikelet has 5-10 flowers, the color is purple.
The fire is straight (B. erectus). Perennial. Height 80-100 cm. Forms a dense, upright subshrub. The leaves are bright green, linear. The panicles are loose, 10-15 cm long. The shape of the spikelets is lanceolate, 2-4 cm long, each spikelet has 5-12 flowers, the color is purple.
The fire is spread out (B. squarrosus). Annual or biennial. Height 10-70 cm. Forms loose turf. The leaves are narrow, linear, hairy, 0.2-0.4 cm wide, the panicle is spreading, one-sided, up to 10 cm long with long, drooping, rough branches. The shape of the spikelets is lanceolate, up to 5 cm long, each spikelet has 8-12 flowers. Blooms in May-June.
Rye fire (B. secalinus). Homeland - Northern Europe. Annual. Spring plant. Height up to 1 m. Leaves up to 0.8 cm wide, glabrous. Panicles up to 16 cm long, loose, with long rough branches. The shape of the spikelets is ovoid, each spikelet has 3-10 flowers.
Siberian bonfire (B. sibiricus). Perennial. The leaves are bare, rough, green in color. Panicles drooping, up to 20 cm long, narrow. The length of the spikelets is 2.8 cm, each spikelet has 5-7 flowers, the color is purple. Blooms in July-August.
The fire is sterile (B. sterilis). Homeland - Europe. Annual or biennial. Height 50-70 cm. Leaves up to 0.4 cm wide, color from light green to purple. Panicles are loose, drooping. The spikelets are large, up to 2 cm long, each spikelet has 5-9 flowers.
Shaker-shaped bonfire (B. briziformis). Homeland - Transcaucasia, Iran. Annual. Winter plant. Height 15-80 cm. Stems branched from the base. Leaves are 0.2-0.5 cm wide. The panicles are large, loose, racemose, up to 10 cm long with long drooping branches. The spikelets are flat, large, up to 3 cm long, each spikelet has 10-20 flowers. Blooms in July-August.
Bonfire decorated (B. ornans). Perennial. Height up to 50 cm. Stems are covered with hairs. The leaves are up to 0.9 cm wide, flat, green, covered with hairs on both sides. Panicles up to 20 cm long, spikelets up to 3 cm long, each spikelet has 5-9 flowers. The color of the spikelets is purple-violet.
Cleaning fire (B. purgans, or kalmii). Perennial. Height up to 1.5 m. Thin rhizome. Leaves up to 1.8 cm wide. Panicles drooping. The length of the spikelets is about 4 cm, each spikelet has 3-8 flowers. Blooms in June-September.
Japanese bonfire (B. japonicus). Leaves are up to 0.4 cm wide, flat. The panicles are spreading, with long branches. The shape of the spikelets is lanceolate, up to 2 cm long, the spikelets are soft pubescent or glabrous.
Barley brome (B. hordeaceus). Homeland - Mediterranean. Annual. Height 50-60 cm. Stems are reddish in color. Panicles with long thin branches. The shape of the spikelets is narrow-lanceolate, up to 1.5 cm long, silver-green in color. Blooms in July-August.
Growing conditions
Bonfire is an extremely unpretentious cereal. Bromegrass is a cold-resistant and drought-resistant grass. Bromus is light-loving, but tolerates dark conditions well.
Bromegrass prefers fertile soils with moderate moisture, but will grow in other soil types. A soft fire is preferred by the poor, exhausted sandy soils. It is on them that the grass of this species produces an early, even fire.
Application
Bonfire is a herb used in various lawn mixtures. Tall types of bromus and bromus with multi-colored panicles are perfect for decoration. They will look good in.
In floristry, bonfire is an herb used in arranging dry bouquets.
Care
Despite the fact that bromegrass is a drought-resistant grass, it needs watering in dry, hot weather. A bonfire growing on a rocky hill can be pruned, and then it will bloom again in the fall.
Reproduction
Bonfire grass seeds are sown directly into the ground. This is done in May (for perennials) or at the end of April (for annuals). Perennial species can be propagated by dividing the sod.
Diseases and pests
Bonfire grass is susceptible to fungal diseases.