About the fire without bones. Bonfire grass: description, properties and application

Grass is often found on agricultural plots unusual looking, which is sometimes mistaken for a weed. In fact, it turns out that this is fodder oats, from which hay is prepared for animals.

Description of the herb

Animal science specialists are well aware that bromegrass is a perennial plant widely used as a forage crop. By appearance she looks like a typical supreme oat. It has one more purpose: growing grass helps enrich the soil with nitrogen, which is a useful feed for other plants growing on the site.

This herbaceous crop has the ability to release nitrogen through processing carbon dioxide taken directly from the air. The roots feeding this plant reach a length of almost 2 meters. The development of the root system distinguishes this variety from other types of grasses that do not have the following advantages:

Thanks to these properties, this herbal species can be classified as a particularly hardy crop.

Varieties

Forage brome grass has many varieties (about 150 species), among which the most common are the following:

• Beneken's brome (scientifically it is called the grass B. Inermis). It is a perennial plant with a well-developed branched root system reaching 2 meters. This species can grow up to 1.2 meters in height.
• Cleansing brome, or B. catharticus, which is a perennial like all the others. In this species you can find specimens whose lifespan is limited to two years. This grass is rarely more than one meter in height, but in the soil it forms a luxurious turf layer.
• Bonfire decorated botanical, called by breeders B. Ornans, is the same perennial plant, but reaching a height of 1.5 meters. His root system, in comparison with the species already considered, is quite poor. This one has leaves herbaceous plant wide and beautiful. On their surface there is hair, the color of which is rich green.

On a note! Herbs such as brome grass can reproduce either by seeds or vegetative way. Under natural conditions, sowing seeds is completely unprofitable, since out of a huge number of them, only a tiny percentage germinates.

Vegetative propagation is carried out naturally due to the growth of the root system and the formation of young roots, from which new shoots appear (in this case, nothing will need to be planted). But this approach is not without its drawback, since the ability to reproduce appears in the grass only in the 4th year of the growing season. In cases where it is not possible to wait so many years, you will have to sow the seeds and be content with a poor harvest.

The awnless bonfire prefers loamy and sandy loam soils and does not tolerate the presence of a peat component (as well as high acidity) in them.

In order to sow this grass, riparian zones in river valleys, as well as drained marshy lands, are usually used. Highly saline soils are considered completely unacceptable for growing rump.

Properties of culture

Descriptive characteristics can be presented as follows:

• Bonfire is a perennial grass reaching a height of 1.5 meters.
• On the stems of this variety of perennial grasses there are many long shoots mixed with the leafy part.
• The leaves on the stem are flat, 4 to 10 mm wide (they usually have a dark green tint).

Note! At low temperatures their color fades somewhat.

• The inflorescences that bloom during the ripening period are panicle type (their total length reaches 17-20 cm).
• They are collected from large spikelets, about 15-30 mm long.

Among the characteristic properties of perennial grass are its frost resistance and moisture resistance, which is also explained by the characteristics of the root system. When spring comes with thaws, and also after flooding of the soil, young shoots grow on the rhizome, after which the plant is completely restored.

Grass fire

The beneficial properties of this herb are manifested in its ability to grow continuously for several years in a row. Moreover, every year it is possible to mow it for hay twice per season, which is widely used in livestock farming, where it is used as a fodder crop. Nothing is known about any effect of rump on humans.

About diseases and pests

The diseases and pests that affect this plant are the same as those that affect most cereal crops. These include different kinds root (stem) rot, as well as spotting, mosaic and rust. Another group of diseases includes certain types of bacteriosis and smut.

All of them cause great damage to the cultivation of agricultural crops and force producers to deal with them in the most decisive manner.

Important! This fight practically comes down to periodic pollination of crop areas with special disinfecting chemicals that prevent the spread of infection to neighboring crops.

For warning possible diseases Agricultural specialists have developed a whole system of preventive measures carried out throughout the growing season (autumn in this sense is also no exception).

Time for collection and preparation

Grass harvesting is carried out in the following three ways:

• By grazing animals on overgrown crops.
• For green food.
• Harvesting hay.

In the first case, the phase of tillering of cereal ears and up to the formation of inflorescences is selected for pasture feeding. This type of perennial is harvested for green nutritious food from the beginning of the formation of tubes and until the beginning of flowering.

Additional Information. In the vast majority of cases, awnless rump is used to make hay.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the growing season of cereal perennial plants is of interest from the point of view of their cultivation for very specific purposes. Depending on this, one or another approach to growing a given crop is implemented.

In field crop rotations, awnless brome crops are placed after corn, sunflower, potatoes and leguminous crops.

The fire responds well to the addition of organic and mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. The greatest increase in yield can be obtained by applying 3-4 quintals of superphosphate and 1 quintal of potassium salt per 1 ha under the main plowing. Nitrogen fertilizers enhance the growth of vegetative mass, so they are applied annually as top dressing in the spring before harrowing at a dose of 50-60 kg of active substance per 1 ha.

When using grass stand on grass meal, higher doses of nitrogen are applied fractionally, at the first and subsequent cuttings.

Cultivation of fire for hay is possible both with coverless and under cover crops (under the cover of grain crops or millet, mogar). It is sown in early spring, as well as in summer and autumn. Best term sowing - autumn, especially in dry-steppe rainfed areas. The fire also works well for summer coverless crops.

The seeding rate for continuous row sowing is 7-6 million viable seeds (20-25 kg per 1 ha). On fertile lands, the seeding rate can be reduced to 5-6 million viable seeds (20 kg per 1 ha), and on saline soils, on the contrary, it can be increased to 8-9 million. Bonfire seeds are lightweight and therefore difficult to sow. For uniform sowing, fine granulated superphosphate is added to them in an amount of 50 kg per 1 ha. For sowing, grain and grass seeders SUT-47, C3TH-31, C3T-3.6 are used.

The depth of planting of the tillering node, which can be adjusted by the depth of seed placement, is important for resistance to unfavorable conditions. In a awnless bonfire, the normal depth of the tillering unit is achieved when seeds are planted to a depth of 4-5 cm; on heavy soils it should not exceed 2-3 cm. Normally moistened soil is rolled down after sowing.

When sowing without cover, in the first year of life, to combat weeds, mow the weeds two to three times. In the second and third years of life in the spring, the crops are cultivated with heavy harrows in two or three tracks, in the fourth - sixth years - with a disc hoe in one or two tracks. On old-growth crops, deep (25 cm) moldless loosening, harrowing and rolling are carried out to rejuvenate the grass stand. Rejuvenation is combined with the application of mineral fertilizers.

The bonfire produces the highest hay yields and protein yields in the panicle formation phase, in more late dates The hay turns out to be coarse and of little nutrition.

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Tillage

depends on the predecessor and cover crop. In the fall, peeling is carried out, and after 2 - 4 weeks - plowing to a depth of 25 - 30 cm. When sowing under the cover of early spring crops, pre-sowing harrowing is carried out in two tracks. If the cover crops are Sudan grass, millet or corn, then before sowing the field is cultivated 2-3 times with simultaneous harrowing. In steppe regions, pre-sowing soil rolling is important.

Fertilizers

in steppe areas, 15-20 tha of manure are applied, and in more humid areas - 25-40 tons, or 45-60 kg of active substance phosphorus and potassium per 1 ha. Organic fertilizers It’s better to add it under the predecessor. When sowing, it is recommended to incorporate up to 50 kg ha of granulated superphosphate into the soil along with the seeds.

Preparing seeds for sowing

Pre-sowing seed treatment with molybdenum, boron and nitragine gives good results.

Sowing dates, seeding rates, planting depth

Bonfireless brome mixed with leguminous grasses is sown under the cover of spring grains in early spring in a row manner. The seeds are sown in wide rows. Seed sowing rate (per 1 ha): with row sowing 16 - 18 kg, and with wide row sowing 10 - 11 kg.

Bonfire (boneless)

The seeding depth is 3 - 4 cm.

Care

After sowing, the field is rolled, and when a soil crust appears, it is destroyed with rotary hoes. A mandatory technique is harrowing after each mowing and in the spring. In steppe regions, snow retention and melt water retention are of great importance.

Cleaning

The best time to harvest hay is when panicles appear. Seeds are harvested in the phase of full ripeness.

Rump without awn

Rump without awn(Bromopsis inermis Holub) is a perennial tall grass, which occupies one of the first places among perennial forage grasses in terms of feeding qualities and prevalence.

Contains an average of 12.5% ​​crude protein, about 50 feed. units (in 100 kg of hay).

Rump without awn– an excellent haymaking plant and, as one of the components of grass mixtures, a pasture plant. It is of great value for permanent pastures and water meadows. It is well eaten, especially before heading, by all types of animals, but better than others - by cattle and horses.

All things being equal awnless rump produces higher yields than other perennial cereal grasses. Including it in grass mixtures with legumes increases the yield of hay and pasture forage, and creates conditions for better grass growth.

Botanical and biological features:

The root system is rhizomatous, capable of taking root at nodes, which leads to the formation of new bushes. The roots penetrate the soil to a depth of 2 m. Thanks to its highly developed root system, awnless brome tolerates drought well.

The stems are straight, well leafy, up to 180–200 cm high. The leaves are broad-linear, flat. Inflorescence - panicle various shapes(drooped, prostrate, semi-compressed, compressed, compact, single-maned). The fruit is a grain in dark gray flower scales. Weight of 1000 seeds is 3.5 g.

There are many varieties of awnless brome, which can be reduced to three groups associated with the areas of their cultivation.

Meadow group, confined to a humid climate - to the taiga-forest zone, Non-Chernozem zone, to the northern regions, floodplain meadows; It is characterized by high foliage, productivity and good feeding qualities.

The steppe group is distributed in the steppe arid regions of the southeast. Compared to meadow grass, it has weaker foliage, is inferior in feeding qualities and yield, but superior in drought resistance.

The forest-steppe group occupies an intermediate position between the two previous groups, but according to its main characteristics it is closer to the steppe group. Grows in forest-steppe and steppe zones, on moderately moist soils, along steppe estuaries and ravines.

Rump without awn can grow on a wide variety of soils, but loose alluvial soils of river floodplains, as well as chernozem sandy loam or loamy soils are considered the best for it.

Technology for cultivating awnless fire

It grows poorly on heavy chestnut, clay soils and does not tolerate waterlogged and saline soils.

It is characterized by high winter hardiness and drought resistance. It grows in one place for 12–14 years, and with the use of fertilizers on floodplain lands – up to 20 years. Good harvest produces within 4–5 years, but reaches its highest productivity in the second and third years of life.

Agricultural technology:

The awnless rump is a good predecessor for grain crops, in particular for wheat. When mixed with legumes and perennial grasses, it significantly increases grain yield.

As a rhizomatous grass, awnless brome was not previously recommended for field crop rotations for fear of clogging the fields. However, data from experimental institutions, as well as a number of farms in various regions, show that with deep plowing (25-27 cm), rhizomes do not grow and do not pose a threat of clogging subsequent grain crops.

Tillage for awnless brome begins with stubble peeling and deep plowing. In the plowed land, snow retention and melt water retention are carried out. In early spring The plowed land is harrowed in 2–3 tracks.

Fertilizer application gives good results. The main fertilizer (mineral and organic) should be applied under the fallow land, and top dressing should be applied after mowing.

The optimal time for sowing grass mixtures of awnless brome and leguminous grasses is early spring and late summer. The best way sowing - inter-row.

The seeding rate for row sowing is 20–25 kg/ha, and for wide-row sowing – 15 kg/ha. The seeding rate for the alfalfa-rump mixture is 12 kg of awnless rump and 5–6 kg of alfalfa. The sowing depth of seeds is 4–5 cm, and in grass mixtures – 3–4 cm.

During the tillering phase, crops are fed with organic and mineral fertilizers; After the first mowing, harrowing and fertilizing are carried out. Fertilizers can be applied in the fall after the last mowing.

The grass stand should be mowed for hay during the panicle sweeping phase. To better preserve nutrients, drying hay in swaths and windrows should be completed within 2–3 days.

It is advisable to plant seed crops of awnless brome using a wide-row method. For seed purposes, they are isolated from continuous grass stands in the fall. best plots third and fourth years use. These crops are fertilized with mineral fertilizers in the fall after mowing, and snow retention is carried out in winter. Additional pollination helps to increase seed yield (by 50 kg or more per 1 ha). The yield of awnless brome seeds can reach 6–7 c/ha.

Bonfireless brome is a valuable forage crop that is well eaten by animals and is actively used for making hay. This is a rhizomatous perennial grass with a wide habitat, which can easily be found on black soil, in forest and forest-steppe waters. The awnless bonfire grows in Central Russia, Bashkiria, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg and other regions. It can be seen in gardens, parks, meadows, fields and any open places.

General description of awnless brome

In nature, the fire grows in large colonies, forming a continuous turf:

• The stem has a height of 60 to 100 cm and is highly leafy.
• The long leaf blades are dark green in color, flat linear in shape with rough edges.
• In spring and autumn, when there is not enough heat, the leaves may have a very pale color.
• The inflorescence is a large panicle, its length can reach 35 cm.
• During flowering it is spreading, and after it it is one-sided.
• There are from 5 to 10 flowers on the spikelets, somewhat pointed towards the apex.

According to external signs, bonfire is often confused with wheatgrass, since both of these plants have a similar system vegetative propagation.

The brome spreads with the help of its powerful rhizome, which gradually grows and captures more and more territory. Young roots produce fresh shoots, and young plants with stems, leaves and spikelets grow again. Thanks to this reproduction system and rapid growth, awnless brome is one of the most adaptable and hardy plants.

It has the following important properties that the gardener should take into account:

• Frost resistance. The rhizome of this plant overwinters quietly under a layer of snow; even prolonged severe frosts cannot destroy it.
• As soon as the temperature becomes more favorable and the snow melts, the fire will quickly sprout new shoots and grow again in its old place.
• Ability to withstand inundation by flood waters. Floods also do not pose a serious threat to brome if the water remains standing for up to 60 days. Subsequently, the young rhizomes will quickly begin to sprout.
• Ability to withstand repeated mowing. This is one of its most valuable features, which ensured its high demand for quality. A fire can grow in one place for many years, even though it will be mowed down two or more times in one season.

In nature, the awnless bonfire chooses loamy or sandy soils; it does not like peaty soil or soil with high acidity.

This is a fairly drought-resistant plant that can tolerate even severe lack of moisture thanks to its developed and powerful root system. The soils of coastal valleys near large rivers are considered the best for cultivation; brome also grows well in drained swamps. This plant is unsuitable for growing only in saline soils.

The most common varieties widely used for crops:

• Kozarovitsky.
• Poltavsky 30.
• Vyshgorodsky.
• Dneprovsky and some others.

​Reproduction:

• Before sowing, seeds need air-heat treatment, which is carried out for 5-10 days.
• After this, they are treated with special compounds that prevent the growth of microbes and mold.
• Bonfire is usually sown in the spring along with spring crops or in the fall along with.
• If the rump is intended to be used for seeds, then wide row spacing is left on the field - up to 60-70 cm.
• The first shoots begin to appear in May, early April, and in June the bonfire begins to bloom.

Flowering can be portioned or explosive, when a large number of inflorescences appear. The seeds can be harvested by direct harvesting when the spikelets turn brown. They will ripen for about 8 months after the confluence, after which they will be completely ready for sowing. As food plant brome is sown together with alfalfa and wheatgrass; grasses are well eaten by large and small cattle.

Hay must be harvested during the period when the panicles are thrown out, and it is impossible to be late with harvesting, as this will negatively affect the nutritional value of the hay.

The value of awnless brome as a forage crop is very high: 100 kg of finished hay will correspond to 57 feed units, this mass contains almost 6 kg of digestible valuable protein. The best brome yield indicators are observed 2-3 years after planting. Perennial in nature it can grow up to 20 years; with regular mowing, its lifespan can reach 8 years.

Although the fire is very unpretentious plant, its grazing must be carried out at strictly defined periods in order to prevent depletion of the rhizomes.

Although it grows very quickly, it is recommended to use the field for pasture only from the third year after sowing to give time for the formation of dense turf. Otherwise, animals may simply trample the crops, and due to compaction of the soil, the fire will not be able to recover.

In addition, there are a few more rules:

• Grazing of the rump is allowed no more than 3 times in one season, and the height of the above-ground mass should be at least 6 cm, otherwise it will be difficult for the plant to recover.
• Rump should not be grazed in late autumn, as in this case photosynthesis will deteriorate and the rhizomes will not have time to store nutrients. After that on next year there will be few shoots, and it will take several years for the plant carpet to fully recover.
• The fire tolerates drought well, but it does not like proximity groundwater. Because of this, when choosing a place for sowing, it is better to determine the places in which aquifer located deep. A strong root system will still allow the fire to receive enough moisture, and the roots will not begin to rot.
• The fire can be used both for making hay and for grazing, but in the second case the seeds may begin to fall out quickly. This plant is quickly eaten and just as quickly restores its green mass, which is why it is so highly valued. It is known that it was actively used as a food many centuries ago, and in old sources it is characterized as best plant for cows and sheep.

Currently active selection work on the breeding and regionalization of new varieties. The bonfire is becoming increasingly adapted to areas with unfavorable climates, which could lead to even wider use.

More information can be found in the video.

One of the most useful perennials in agriculture is awnless brome - a grass that is indispensable as feed for livestock, and in addition, it also enriches the soil with nitrogen, producing it from carbon dioxide consumed by the plant from the air.

Description

Bonfire awnless is an upland rhizomatous grass, the height of which can reach one and a half meters. The stem is smooth, densely leafy with a large number of elongated shoots. The leaves are flat, 4 to 10 mm wide, dark green in color. In cold weather their color fades. The inflorescence is in the form of a panicle, the length of which is 15-20 cm, and consists of large spikelets ranging in size from 12 to 30 mm. The lower flower scales are purple in color and have a wide membranous edge. The top of the caryopsis and the ovary are covered with dense pubescence. The flowering period is short, depends on the weather and lasts a maximum of 2 weeks. Observing this grass in windy weather, you can see how, when tilted in different directions, the panicles glow with a red light, which is very similar to a flame.

The root system of the plant is quite powerful and reaches two meters in depth. Thanks to this rhizome, awnless brome is able to withstand any drought, producing high hay yields even in regions where precipitation is minimal. It is also resistant to prolonged flooding.

Places of distribution

Most often this plant can be found in Europe, Asia Minor and Northern Asia. In Russia it grows almost everywhere, with the exception of the Arctic and some areas Far East. It mainly grows along the banks of rivers, ponds, in meadows and sparse forests, forming clean thickets. Fire does not tolerate fire well in the vicinity of plants such as Oriental Sverbiga, bluegrass and some other representatives of cereals. Sowing in grass mixtures with alfalfa has a positive effect on its growth.

Growing conditions

Awningless brome is a rather unpretentious grass. Grows in places well lit by the sun. Prefers soils that are fairly rich in nutrients and well drained. Grows best on loam, sandy loam and drained peat bogs. Saline soils are unsuitable. On them, the awnless fire is quickly replaced by wheatgrass. Great importance This plant has soil permeability to water and grows rather poorly on dense clays. The proximity of groundwater also has a negative effect on grass growth. IN favorable conditions the period of economic use can be up to 20 years; in dry places it is very short and rarely exceeds 6 years.

Although awnless bromegrass is a drought-resistant grass, at air temperatures above 38 ⁰C it burns out significantly. However, this plant tolerates dry winds much better than other cereals. At the beginning of its growth, the fire can inhibit tall crops, but gradually, as it grows, it begins to displace many plants, successfully fighting weeds.

Reproduction

This culture renews its population using seeds and vegetatively. The first option in natural conditions has smallest value. Despite the fact that grass seeds are formed in fairly large quantities (up to 18 thousand per 1 m²), only a small part of them germinates, and only a few reach adulthood.

The possibility of vegetative propagation occurs only in the fourth year of the plant’s life. The space occupied by the growing root system gradually increases. New plants are formed from fresh shoots formed by young roots. Thanks to this method of propagation, awnless bromegrass is a very hardy grass and adapted to various unfavorable conditions.

Planting and care

This plant is sown after sunflower, corn, and potatoes. This is best done in the fall, although you can sow in the spring and summer. With continuous sowing in rows, the seeding rate is up to 7 million seeds (about 25 kg per 1 hectare). On fertile soil the number may be slightly reduced to 5 million, and in unfavorable conditions for growth - increased by 1-2 million.

Grass seeds are very light and can be difficult to sow. This task is facilitated by adding granulated superphosphate to them at the rate of 50 kg per 1 hectare. The seeding depth is from 4 to 5 cm. After sowing, the moistened soil is lightly rolled.

Of great importance for the harvest is not only how to sow the grass, but also how correctly it is fed. To enhance the growth of vegetative mass, nitrogen fertilizers are of great help, which are applied annually in the spring, 50 kg per hectare.

In the first year of the plant's life, weed control is required. They are mowed 2 or 3 times during the summer. After 2 years, it can be processed with heavy harrows, and in the fourth year - with a disk hoe.

Usage

The awnless brome is a valuable pasture and hay plant capable of producing a very high yield. Even in dry and unfavorable areas it can be up to 50 centners per hectare. They have very high nutritional value and green grass, and hay containing nitrogen-free extractives up to 47%, fiber - 21%, protein - 19%, protein - 16%, 9% ash and 3% fat. This plant is happily eaten by animals. It is used both as and for consolidating soil in areas subject to washout, and for consolidating the slopes of ravines.

The awnless brome is a good precursor for grain crops, capable of restoring the fertile layer of soil. He does an excellent job of suppressing them in the second year of his life.

It is recommended to use a awnless fire on pasture if certain techniques are followed. Crops need to be grazed only no earlier than three years of age, when the turf is quite dense. Up to three cycles are carried out, with the above-ground part being removed at least 6 cm. Grazing of livestock on pastures occupied by this crop is not allowed in the fall. This can lead to the fact that nutrients do not have time to accumulate, as a result, shoots do not form, which next year leads to a decrease in the yield of both forage and seeds.

Thanks to a large number useful properties Very wide application in agriculture he finds a boneless fire. The price of the seeds of this plant is low and averages 110-120 rubles per 1 kg.

“I managed to get one and a half buckets of bonfire seeds. I want to sow in the mowing, but I don’t know whether the seeds will ripen in our area. In what areas is it better to sow, how do I know when to remove the seeds?”
A. Mikhailov
Bashkortostan

Bonfire awnless (this is the species grown for food) is a tall rhizomatous grass. Creates a continuous turf. Widely distributed in forest and forest-steppe zones, and therefore in Bashkiria, and on black soil it grows everywhere: in fields, meadows, gardens and orchards, in open areas and among bushes.

In common parlance, a awnless fire is called wheatgrass or wheatgrass, and the hay from it is called wheatgrass. Indeed, it is similar to real wheatgrass in terms of growth, and even more so in its method of reproduction. Bonfire, like wheatgrass, has a strong rhizome, consisting of more or less developed knees with nodes. These rhizomes spread along the ground in the form of long threads, which are capable of intensely producing stem and root buds, which results in the formation of a mass of both shoots. They can grow into plants with roots, stems, leaves and panicles. Thanks to this phenomenon, a fire can take up more and more area and thereby ensure its existence for many years. It will take a lot of all sorts of unfavorable conditions, actions, and long-lasting ones, for the fire to lose its ability to grow and disappear without a trace. Of course, drought, hardness of the soil, or accidentally introduced seeds can extinguish the fire, but the offspring of its rhizomes will appear again with a change in conditions. same place. Such vitality, moreover, for many years (10-20, and when used for haymaking 5-7 years) and the edibility of livestock feed make bonfire one of the most valuable forage plants.

The awnless bonfire is undemanding to the climate and tolerates the harsh winters with little snow in Western and Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Tolerates inundation by flood waters. In the old magazine "Agricultural Newspaper", 1895 we read the following message. “On the banks of the Don, as well as the rivers flowing into it, it grows wild. So in the lowlands of Aksai, which sometimes remain under water until June, near the river itself, Bulgarians and Don Cossacks plow up the land for vegetable gardens after Peter’s Day and sow cucumbers here, cabbage and potatoes. Cucumbers begin to be harvested in August, and cabbage and potatoes ripen in September; the largest part of the huge Aksai lowland is overgrown with lush grass, which mainly consists of awnless brome and wheatgrass. These magnificent meadows are mowed in August and produce a lot of beautiful hay. In such places the fire grows especially strongly and reaches up to two and a half arshins (up to 1.5 m. Ed.) in height, but in flooded areas it does not get so high.”

The root system is very powerful and penetrates deeply (up to 2 m or more) into the soil. In this way, the roots draw water from the deep soil horizons, and the brome produces high yields in dry years. Let's turn to the yellowed pages of the "Proceedings of the Free Economic Society", 1875 for an example. “In the rather dry year of 1894 in the Ekaterinoslav province (Kuban. Ed.) all cereals suffered; even wheatgrass, by all accounts a very hardy plant, lower leaves for the most part, even in June, they turned yellow, but the boneless bonfire remained fresh and green.”

The best soils for it are loose fertile and black soils. It grows poorly on peat and highly saline lands.

The fodder value of a awnless bonfire with timely mowing (during the panicle sweeping phase) is high. On pastures, awnless brome is very well eaten by cattle and horses in the spring and early summer, but from the beginning of heading to flowering it turns out to be less tasty for animals.
How do you know when to remove the seeds? When the panicles begin to turn yellow, take one and rub it between your palms; if at least some of them are already crumbling, it’s time to remove it. As the panicles dry, the seeds will ripen.