What is a ventilated façade made of? Hinged ventilated facade

Ventilated facades are very popular among private developers. The design under consideration allows us to simultaneously provide high-quality insulation and beautiful appearance residential building. Anyone can cope with the arrangement of a ventilated facade with their own hands. However, before starting work, you need to consider the main features of the system and select materials for assembling the sheathing, wall insulation and finishing cladding.

First of all, you need to study the features of hinged ventilated structures and understand their main purpose.

Ideally, the finishing decorative coating should have good vapor permeability. In the course of their life activities, people emit a lot of moisture: cooking, bathing procedures and other household activities - all this leads to an increase in air humidity. Some of the moisture leaves through ventilation system together with the exhaust air, the remaining moisture must escape through the pores in the facing material.

The vapor barrier must be arranged in such a way that the wall material is as vapor permeable as possible inside the room and has minimal performance outside. This rule is relevant for facades of any type. Violation of this recommendation usually leads to a deterioration in the thermal insulation qualities of the walls and a decrease in their durability.

At the same time, the facade of the house must be reliably protected from precipitation. In this case, it is best that the outer part of the walls does not get wet, because... this will lead to a reduction in the service life of the structure.

A certain logical contradiction follows from the information provided. But there is a completely understandable and simple solution: to ensure optimal waterproofing and vapor permeability, the protective façade covering must be mounted at a certain distance from the wall surface, while simultaneously ensuring high-quality ventilation of the gap. It is this design that is commonly called a ventilated facade.

The hinged ventilated facade is assembled from several elements, namely:

• first, the sheathing is attached to the surface to be finished, after which the gaps between its elements are filled with facade insulation;

  

• A vapor-permeable film is laid on top of the thermal insulation. At the same time, it will perform the functions of protection from wind and atmospheric moisture;

  

• an air gap is created that is responsible for ventilating the facade. The recommended gap thickness is about 40 mm. At the top of the facade, vents of a similar size should be created. This will ensure the most efficient ventilation of the structure;
• The selected decorative coating is fixed. The outer layer must simultaneously give the facade an attractive appearance and protect the thermal insulation from various types of adverse influences.

  

  

Advantages and disadvantages of the design

Hinged ventilated structures have a number of advantages. But, like all existing systems in principle, such systems have some disadvantages.

Advantages

Among the main advantages of ventilated facades are the following:

• insulation allows you to significantly save on heating your home;
• waterproofing in combination with a ventilation gap eliminates the risk of moisture retention on the walls, which helps to significantly increase the service life of the materials used;
• ease of arrangement. You can do the installation of all elements of a ventilated façade yourself;
• increasing the soundproofing properties of walls.

Flaws

Among the disadvantages, and relative ones at that, is the high cost of the design. However, at this point it is necessary to pay attention to a significant reduction in heating costs after installing a ventilated facade. All expenses for insulation, cladding and other things pay off fairly quickly.

To finished design has maintained its high performance characteristics for a long time; to equip it you must, firstly, use quality materials, secondly, follow the rules for installing all components. Follow the instructions and there will be no problems.

Do not save on the purchase of construction and finishing materials. High-quality material cannot cost much less than its own average market value. Buy all the necessary elements from trusted places, giving preference to well-known manufacturers.

Pay due attention to the choice of facing material. For example, tiles in many of their varieties are very suitable for finishing facades. However, the tiles have very big problem– separation of at least one cladding element leads to the so-called. “domino effect”, as a result of which a regular gust of wind can tear off nearby tiles.

As a result, a hole will appear, due to which the performance of the entire structure will decrease. Therefore, if possible, it is recommended to refuse such cladding.

Most the best option The finishing cladding for ventilated facades is siding. Subject to proper installation, appearance, service life and other important characteristics This finish will not be inferior to other popular materials. You will receive more detailed information about the properties of siding below.

Selection of materials

As noted, materials for arranging a ventilated facade must be of exceptionally high quality.

Thermal insulation

The following materials can be used to insulate the facade:

• Styrofoam . Popular material with excellent thermal insulation properties. The material does not absorb moisture and does not lose its properties under its influence. This allows us to somewhat soften the requirements for waterproofing. However, such hygroscopicity is at the same time a disadvantage of polystyrene foam, which consists in poor vapor permeability and. A layer of such thermal insulation will practically not allow steam to pass through, which is not very good;

  

• polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam. These materials have a slightly higher strength compared to ordinary polystyrene foam, but this indicator does not affect the quality of insulation in any way. Moreover, the cost of the materials in question significantly exceeds the price of polystyrene foam. Vapor permeability remains at the same sad level;

  

• mineral wool insulation. These heat insulators are the most popular. The material allows steam to pass through well, is characterized by excellent rigidity, great durability, high heat and sound insulation properties. However, mineral wool does not tolerate contact with moisture quite well, so waterproofing issues must be approached with maximum responsibility.

  

For installation of sheathing, high-quality wooden beam with a cross section of 4x4 cm. In some situations, for example, when installing a ventilated façade brick house, it is preferable to assemble the lathing from a galvanized profile for plasterboard.

At this point, focus on the features of your structure and personal preferences. Before use, wood must be impregnated with antiseptic agents.

Finishing

The undisputed champion of this market segment – ​​vinyl siding – has already been mentioned. The material has many advantages over existing alternatives, namely:

Installation instructions for ventilated facades

First step. Assemble the sheathing. Attach the bars to the wall vertically, in increments of a couple of centimeters less than the width of the insulation boards. It is more convenient to first fasten the outer slats, stretch the twine between them and, using the rope as a guide, fix the intermediate elements at the same level.

Second step. Place the insulation spacer between the sheathing slats.

Third step. Cover the insulation with a vapor barrier membrane. Lay the vapor barrier strips horizontally with an overlap of about 10 cm.

Fourth step. Place perpendicular counter battens over the sheathing slats. This will create the required ventilation gap.

Fifth step. Attach siding to the finished sheathing. The cladding is made of polyvinyl chloride. This material changes its size with temperature changes, so rigid fastening of the planks is unacceptable. There must be no space between the panels. big gap(3-5 mm). Drive in (screw in) the fasteners approximately 2 mm short of the end. Fasteners must be placed strictly in the center of the holes intended for them.

To ensure that the work is as easy as possible, and that the finished ventilated façade retains its original characteristics for a long time, adhere to a few simple recommendations professional builders.

Thus, in independent arrangement There is nothing super complicated about a ventilated façade. It is enough to understand the basics of work, choose the most suitable materials and carry out all planned activities in accordance with the instructions. Do not forget the recommendations received, and the ventilated facade of your home will serve for the longest possible time, maintaining its original performance characteristics.

Good luck!

Video - Do-it-yourself ventilated facade

Exterior decoration of buildings is an important part of construction and installation work and architectural design, the purpose of which is to create a presentable appearance of structures and solve practical problems.

The latter includes strengthening the structure and protecting it from aggressive influences. environment, extension of service life.

IN modern conditions optimal technology is considered a curtain façade. Its features and functionality worth considering in more detail.

A suspended ventilated façade is an innovative system for finishing the external walls of buildings, consisting of finishing materials mounted on a frame.

The peculiarity of the technology is that the method of installing the structure provides for the presence of a layer between the finishing elements and the wall of the structure, thanks to which air circulates freely, reliably protecting the building from excess moisture and reducing the heat transfer of the house.

Hinged ventilated facades are sometimes called “ventilation facades”. This phrase is not correct, since it does not accurately reflect the meaning and scope of the technology.

Modern ventilated facades are a rather complex and universal system. It is the latter factor and the presence of several types of fastening that allow the technology to be used everywhere in both public and private construction.

The ventilated façade, as it is sometimes called, becomes not only a functional element, but also a part decorative finishing Houses. Today, the ventilated facade of a monolithic house is becoming increasingly popular.

This is explained by the fact that the monolith as a base provides high strength and reliability of the structure, which does not require additional strengthening measures. Here you can use the most, increase the profile step. This reduces the cost of materials and speeds up the installation process, which becomes in a good way savings.

In addition, hanging ventilated systems will help solve aesthetic problems, which will especially please those who do not like the appearance of monolithic buildings.

To understand how a ventilated façade is installed and what it is in principle, we advise you to carefully read the explanations below.

Main functions

By installing ventilated facades, you can solve several problems at once: ensure reliable protection of the building from the destructive effects of moisture, wind and temperature changes, reduce energy costs due to the thermal layer, improve sound insulation internal space, extend the service life of the structure, create interesting decor with a wide range of colors and designer finishes.

In terms of their functionality, ventilated facades are universal systems that provide great opportunities for standard and unusual solutions.

Device

The elements of which are:

1. A frame subsystem that is attached to the wall of a building and serves as support for the entire structure. Most often it is made of galvanized or stainless steel or aluminum.
2. Insulating layer. It is a multifunctional component that provides protection from moisture, steam, wind, cold, and also reduces the heat transfer of the building.
3. Gap for air circulation. It is this that promotes constant ventilation in the system.
4. External decorative shell. Protects the lower layers of the ventilation façade and gives the building a presentable appearance.

Nodes

In order to obtain units of ventilated facades, it is necessary to obtain an Album of Technical Solutions from the manufacturer.

In this article we will present some nodes from different albums of our choice. But you should understand that the node published here is not necessarily suitable for the system you choose. Standard nodes, common to almost all systems, look like this:

Application area

Hinged ventilated systems are used for exterior finishing buildings and structures using a wide range of finishing materials.

Due to its versatility and variety of installation options, the technology is in demand both in the construction of new facilities and in repair work and reconstruction of old buildings.

Ventilated facades are suitable for private and multi-apartment buildings residential buildings, are actively used in industrial and public facilities, commercial buildings, technical rooms bus stations, gas stations, etc.

The functionality of materials can be adapted to any needs, which determines the relevance of ventilation facades.

Application in seismic areas

The requirements for finishing materials and installation methods used at sites in areas of high seismic activity are always increased, so the selection of technologies is carried out with special care.

Experts note that modern ventilated facades optimally meet all standards, which is largely due to the strength of metal frames.

Many systems have been tested for seismic resistance up to 9 points. But still, before using the system, it is necessary to calculate static loads.

Methodology for calculating static loads of NVF

Today, load calculations are carried out in accordance with SNiP II-7-81 “Construction in seismic areas,” which provides for two approaches.

In the first case, which is typical for all objects, a linear spectral technique (LST) is used, based on the decomposition of the building’s motion into its own modes of vibration.

The second technique is designed for increased importance. It involves dynamic analysis of synthesized accelerograms and compilation of instrumental records of the most dangerous acceleration of the base.

In calculations, the relation also plays an important role different types loads A feature of the analysis is the introduction of significant safety factors, the purpose of which is to protect against unforeseen risks of facade collapse.

Weight loads are classified as basic and vary significantly depending on the finishing materials used. Their weight can range from 7-8 kg/m2 to 100 kg/m2 in the case of stone cladding.

It is also worth considering the increase in weight caused by the height of the building and the characteristics of the terrain on which the object is located. All these factors are included in the calculations when choosing options for ventilated facades.

Wind loads

Wind loads strongly depend on the height of the structure, the characteristics of the surrounding space and the wind region. In particularly active zones they can even exceed weight factors.

Wind pressure is calculated in accordance with SNiP “Loads and Impacts” standards, choosing height coefficients and one of three types of terrain.

This parameter belongs to the short-term category, but it should not be neglected. The load from icing can exceed the weight of the finish itself. It can be calculated either from data obtained practically, or using the above regulatory documents.

Types of ventilated facades

One of the criteria on the basis of which types of ventilated facades are distinguished is the type of frame used for installation.

The facade subsystem is a set of frame parts, profiles and fasteners by means of which the cladding panels are attached to the wall of the building.

The most relevant are metal constructions, characterized by strength, durability and operational reliability.

Galvanized facade systems (manufacturers)

Ventilated facades made of galvanized steel are quite often used in modern construction due to the optimal combination of functionality and affordable price.

Popular manufacturers of these products are Russian companies“OLMA”, “OST”, “Alternative”, “Stone Belt”, “Kraspan”.

Aluminum facade systems (manufacturers)

An aluminum frame has a higher price than a steel frame, but it also offers additional benefits during installation due to the lighter weight of the structure and anti-corrosion properties.

Products from Russian brands “NordFox”, “U-con”, “Sial” are presented on the domestic market. Close cooperation between companies and foreign developers of innovative equipment guarantees high product quality standards and excellent performance properties.

The European brand Hilti, which specializes in power tools, is also popular.

Stainless steel facade systems (manufacturers)

Characterized by good strength and corrosion resistance. It is cheaper than aluminum analogues, and is quite easy to install, which explains its popularity.

Products of the domestic brand “Diat” are in great demand among Russian buyers, combining optimal parameters and favorable prices.

Wooden systems for private houses

Wood as a frame for a ventilation facade is a fairly durable, environmentally friendly and easy-to-install material with low thermal conductivity.

Another important factor is its aesthetic appeal. But due to exposure to moisture and the need for additional protection from fire, this material is used only in ventilated facades of private houses.

What is a proper ventilated façade?

The ease of installation and wide functionality of ventilation facades do not exclude the need for a careful and responsible approach to its installation.

The structure, installed in accordance with all rules and regulations, will ensure optimal properties and a long period of trouble-free operation.

When working with mounted systems, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the technical manual, which is supplied by experienced manufacturers.

Particular attention should be paid to the correct fastening and strength of fasteners, and the step width of the system. What matters here are precisely selected materials, coordination of the main design parameters, and correspondence of real data to the album. technical solutions. Not only the technical characteristics of the structure, but also the safety of others will depend on this.

Service life of a ventilated façade

The service life of ventilation facades largely depends on the correct installation, environmental conditions, and the scope of its application. But the main criteria are the materials used. Thus, the average service life of an unpainted galvanized system is about 7 years. The same coated material will last from 14 to 30 years, depending on the properties of the protective components.

Aluminum facades and stainless steel analogues will last up to 50 years, providing excellent functionality.

Vent gap

The ventilation gap is the element of the façade system that provides ventilation and reduces heat transfer. From the correctly selected value air gap The quality of hydro- and thermal insulation of the ventilation façade depends.

There are special formulas that allow you to calculate this parameter based on temperature, air flow speed and heat transfer coefficients of the structure.

On average, the thickness of the gap will fluctuate in the range of 20-50 mm. It is this layer that guarantees optimal air circulation and effective moisture removal.

Pros and Features

The main advantages of ventilated facades include:

1. High rates of thermal, hydro and sound insulation.
2. Resistance to negative impact external environment.
3. Fast and convenient installation in any weather conditions.
4. Excellent repairability in case of unexpected damage.
5. Reducing heating costs.
6. Wide range of facing materials, color solutions and design techniques.
7. Durability of use.

Among the possible disadvantages of hinged ventilated facades, there is a significant reduction in the level fire safety if the installation technology is not followed.

Such consequences can be caused, for example, by imperfect walls, due to which it is necessary to resort to non-standard installation solutions. Improper installation of structures can affect the anti-corrosion protection and environmental friendliness of materials, reducing their service life.

But with a competent approach from qualified specialists, most of these risks can be successfully eliminated.

Price

Cladding options in the system

The undoubted advantage of ventilated curtain facades is the huge range of finishing materials, among which we can note: it is worth using only mineral wool, since neither penoplex nor roll materials are able to provide the necessary technical specifications for ventilation façade.

Standard thickness mineral wool used for insulation is about 100 mm, although you can choose thicker types with additional insulation.

Often the installation of wool is carried out in two layers, general principle Such a solution provides for density indicators of at least 50 kg/m3 and 80 kg/m3 for the bottom and top layers, respectively. More detailed advice will be provided by specific manufacturers of facade structures.

Is film needed in ventilated facades?

This issue causes a lot of controversy, in which the parties are manufacturers of film and insulation.

Most controversies are caused solely by commercial reasons.

Experts agree that the film is necessary to protect the insulation from the wind inside the gap when using standard 80 kg/m3 insulation. For denser layers there is no need for it.

Design of a ventilated facade

It is a responsible process, the quality of which will determine the reliability of the entire structure. This task should only be entrusted to trusted contractors, which can be installation companies or manufacturers of curtain walled façade products.

Both the new building and the old house need to create a barrier to external destructive factors, which significantly reduce the life of the supporting structure.

IN Lately the owners are trying to make a ventilated façade with their own hands. This design and is such a barrier, and the installation process is so simple that even a beginner can do everything on their own.

A ventilated facade is a suspended structure that consists of a sheathing (frame), vapor-tight membranes, insulation and facing material. This kind of “pie” perfectly performs its functions and has the following advantages:

• Vapor permeability. The steam that forms in all residential premises must be removed from the rooms, otherwise condensation will form on the walls, and subsequently mold and mildew. A properly constructed ventilated facade allows steam to escape through the walls to the outside and ventilate through the gap that is left between the wall and the insulation.
• Thermal insulation. To create a ventilation façade prerequisite is the use of insulation, which means warm air does not go outside from the premises. This type of façade cladding will help reduce heating costs.
• Soundproofing.
• Resistance to any external influences.
• Duration of operation.
• Possibility to choose different materials for decorative finishing.
• Fast and simple installation process.
• Can be used to update both new and used homes.

Features of the ventilation façade

All these positive characteristics and allowed ventilated facades to become so popular. But each material or finishing method also has some disadvantages:

• The installation process of ventilated facades is not covered. state standards, which means that each master can do everything in his own way.
• If the basic installation rules are not followed, the supporting structure may collapse completely or be damaged.
• Let's face it, such disadvantages are not so significant as to refuse to update the facade of the house with the help of a hanging structure.

What to make the frame from

The frame in the design of a ventilated facade is the main element. Both the insulation and the decorative coating will rest on it. Therefore, it is very important to choose high-quality materials for creating the sheathing. The frame can be made from:

• Wooden bars.
• Stainless steel profile.
• Galvanized profile.

Wood is a cheaper material. But it is used extremely rarely for ventilated facades. The bars must be thoroughly dried and coated with special protective impregnations to extend their service life. It is important that all elements are the same size 20x20 mm.

Professionals recommend using a galvanized or stainless steel profile to build a ventilated facade with your own hands. This material is lightweight, reliable and has a long service life without special processing. With the help of special profiles it is much easier to hide uneven walls, if any, without plastering.

Why are vapor-tight membranes needed?

As mentioned above, the steam that forms in the premises must be removed by any means. Most often, ventilation is installed for this, but some of it escapes through pores in the walls. To prevent moisture from accumulating in the insulation, it is protected with a vapor-tight membrane from the wall of the house.

But the same layer is applied on top of the insulating material. This is necessary so that cold air does not have the opportunity to penetrate to load-bearing wall, which means cooling it down. This membrane is also called windproof.

Facing material

As a decorative finish, you can choose absolutely any option you like. The main thing is that the main structure, that is, the walls of the house and the foundation, can withstand such a load.

Often chosen as cladding:

• Siding panels.

• Fiber cement boards.

• Metal cassettes.

• Porcelain tiles.

• Artificial or natural stone.

• Siding (vinyl, wood, metal).

How to mount

To make a ventilated facade with your own hands, you need to know the main steps, as well as some features and nuances. If you are doing everything for the first time, then it is better to invite a professional craftsman and be his apprentice, this will significantly reduce the cost of the work. It is also better to prepare the facade in advance.

Preparatory stage

In order for the ventilation façade to perform its functions, the base must be properly prepared.

• Old decorative trim is removed.
• The strength of the walls and plaster (if any) is checked.
• If the strength of the walls is not enough, then you need to further strengthen them. Plaster that is crumbling is completely removed.
• All elements that may interfere with the installation of a ventilated facade are completely removed.
• The surface is cleaned of dust, dirt, biological traces (mold, fungus, traces of insects or rodents).
• Some professionals recommend additionally covering the surface of the walls with deep penetration soil. What will protect against moisture and fungus.

On preparatory stage You should purchase all the necessary materials and acquire tools.

Step-by-step installation

Making a ventilated façade yourself is easy. The main thing is to remember the instructions and strictly follow their advice:

1. Marking for brackets. It is important that the elements are fixed perfectly evenly. This will determine how securely the entire structure will be installed. To do this, use a building level, a level and a plumb line. Professionals choose laser level. Brackets from the corner of the wall, window and doorways. To do this, measure 15 cm from the edge and mark the corresponding line.
2. Installation of brackets. Holes are made according to the markings. Their depth must match the size of the dowel that will secure the bracket. It is imperative to take into account the fact that the elements should not be located in the interstitial space. This method of fastening will be unreliable.
3. Vapor barrier film. It is laid on the wall without joints, but with an overlap of 10–15 cm. For reliability, the places where one layer meets the other are taped with tape. The membrane should lie tightly on the wall, so it is cut in the place where the bracket is located.
4. Laying insulation. The material must be placed tightly. You should not leave gaps of more than 1–2 mm at the joints. The insulation, which is produced in slabs, must be laid in a checkerboard pattern. To secure the layer you need to use umbrella dowels (2 pieces per slab).
5. The windproof film is laid in the same way as the vapor barrier film - tightly and overlapping. All three layers are fixed with wide caps (3 per slab).
6. Fixing a profile. The elements are fixed on brackets. Rivets are used for fixation. Installing a profile allows you to create a ventilation gap.
7. Installation of decorative finishing.

Attention! If the house is made of light, porous materials, fasteners should be installed in the interfloor ceilings.

If you strictly follow these instructions, your self-installed ventilated façade will last a very long time. Well, of course, you need to correctly calculate your strength. If you are not sure, then it is better to use the services of a professional team.

When new buildings are built or old ones are renovated, a curtain ventilated façade is used as one of the types of finishing.

It not only gives the building a neat and attractive appearance, but also improves its performance characteristics.

By its structure it is complex design, which includes a frame and facing products.

Panels from natural stone, porcelain tiles, siding, glass, and also from composite materials.

The fastening system for facing panels is assembled from brackets and guide profiles.

Design, calculation of structural reliability and installation of cladding products are carried out individually for each building.

The device for a suspended ventilated facade is a multilayer structure that is attached to the wall of the building.

If we consider the device curtain façade, then the following elements can be distinguished:

• vapor barrier film;
• thermal insulation layer;
• windproof film;
• air gap;
• facing panel.

When calculating the parameters of a curtain wall, it is very important to determine the size of the air gap.

In fact, such a system is designed to ensure that ventilation through this gap will provide an optimal level of humidity for the thermal insulation and porcelain stoneware cladding panels.

Having such a device, during operation the ventilated facade provides additional insulation of the building.

A basic calculation shows that a house lined with porcelain stoneware slabs becomes warmer in winter and cooler in summer.

Facades mounted on the basis of composite panels have an almost unlimited service life.

This feature is explained by the ability of a ventilated façade to self-release internal surfaces from moisture.

Fastening elements, thermal insulation and the building wall are not subject to the destructive effects of saturated water vapor and do not require periodic repair and replacement.

Advantages of a curtain façade

Compared to other finishing methods, a ventilated facade has a number of positive differences.

A careful calculation of current costs and future benefits shows that all expenses, over time, pay off handsomely.

When designing a structure, it is important to clearly understand why, instead of traditional materials, it is preferable to finish with composite materials.

Cladding slabs made using porcelain stoneware have high strength and varied textures.

They do not fade under the influence of sunlight and wind. The technological map determines the method of fastening cladding products, which ensures the integrity of the structure on long years. This must be taken into account when designing.

Products for ventilated facades

In order for a suspended ventilated facade to last a long time during operation, look aesthetically pleasing, be functional and economical, it is necessary to select the right materials.

Design calculations are made on the basis of special techniques and recommendations, which also determine routing. The brackets, which form the basis of the supporting structure, are secured using anchors.

The anchor is a set of nylon dowel and expansion screw. The choice of a specific type of dowel is made based on testing the load-bearing capacity of the wall.

To carry out such tests there is special instructions. It is prohibited to use electrozinc-coated screws for fastening facades.

Mounting system

In the production of brackets and guide profiles we use aluminum alloys, stainless and galvanized steel.

These products must have sufficient strength to withstand loads and resistance to exposure to aggressive environments.

To fasten porcelain stoneware panels, in addition to brackets, guide profiles, extensions and clamps are used. This fastening system has been tested in practice.

A set of fasteners must be made of only one material - either all elements are aluminum or steel.

From a physics course we know that when two metals come into contact, an intense corrosion process starts. The simplest calculation shows that the steel part will begin to rust and then lose its properties.

Such phenomena will negatively affect the strength of the façade structure.

Thermal insulation

Properly selected insulation retains heat in the building and, thereby, reduces heating costs.

The thickness of the thermal insulation layer is calculated based on the technical characteristics of the building.

For the production of thermal insulation products, only non-combustible materials are used.

The technological map prescribes fastening the insulation elements with disc dowels.

The most common material for making thermal insulation is mineral wool. It meets the requirements for indicators such as vapor permeability and density.

Glass wool sheets are convenient to use, as they are optimally combined with the technology of installing panels made of porcelain stoneware or other composite materials.

Facing materials

Today on the market of building and finishing materials there is a wide selection of panels that are used in hinged ventilated facades.

In a harsh climate middle zone panels made of composite materials, metal cassettes and fiber cement boards have proven themselves well.

Each product has certain advantages.

Before making a choice in favor of a specific product, it is necessary to carry out a detailed calculation of the balance of its advantages and disadvantages.

It is important that during operation the curtained façade does not require additional maintenance costs.

Installation procedure

Installation of suspended ventilated facades (including those made of composite materials) is carried out in a certain sequence.

Before starting work at the site, the contractor is given a technological map. Such a map defines all stages of the production process.

Installation of a curtain façade begins with a survey of the building. The labor safety instructions, when performing work at height, require that the boundaries of the danger zone around the building be established.

To securely fasten the brackets, it is necessary to clean the surface of the walls from old plaster, dust and dirt.

The next action that the technological map instructs to perform is marking the walls.

First, mark the lower horizontal line for attaching the first row of brackets, then the two outermost vertical lines, which will serve as a guide for marking the fastening step.

This step should be equal to the width of the finishing panel made of porcelain stoneware or the material that is being worked.

After that, at the designated points, all brackets are attached, the number of which provides for the design of a specific object.

If the installation of a curtain façade requires thermal insulation, then the next step is to attach it.

The technological map provides for this operation.

Then the vertical guide profiles are fixed and clamps are attached to the vertical guides for installing porcelain stoneware panels.

Since the facade of the house is the front part of the building, they strive to decorate it. But facade cladding is carried out not only with the aim of giving the walls an aesthetic appearance. The main task of finishing is to protect the facade from damage caused by environmental factors and to guarantee the building itself the longest possible lifespan.

This requirement, combined with the development of the industry, has led to the modernization of existing and the emergence of new facing materials and facade finishing technologies. One of these new products is a system of ventilated facades (ventilated façade).

What is a ventilated house facade?

Why is it needed, what is it, features, characteristics, properties, types, types and circuits of the device.

A curtain façade is a facade system made using a special technology, which consists of attaching the facing material to the wall using a frame (subsystem). As a result, there remains a gap (up to 100 mm) between the wall (facade of the house) and the cladding through which air circulates. In this way, moisture and condensation are removed from the structure and the heat transfer of the house is reduced.

The name itself reveals the essence of the system of suspended ventilated facades.

• curtain façade- the finishing material is installed on the frame (hung on the wall) with a specified offset from its plane;

• ventilated facade- move freely between the facing material and the wall surface (not closed or insulated) air currents, i.e. natural convection of air occurs. This ensures the implementation main feature ventilated facades - elimination of condensation, which traditionally accumulates between the wall and the finish. This approach to insulation and/or cladding makes it possible to ensure a favorable microclimate in the premises of the house.

IN general view, a ventilated façade is a complex façade finishing technology that allows it to be provided with reliable protection from the destructive effects of various factors.

In short, to fully understand what a ventilation façade system is, you need to consider its constituent elements. Note that each of them is universal, which allows finishing complex architectural forms in different styles.

Hinged ventilated facades - characteristics

What does a ventilated façade consist of?

1. Subsystem for ventilated facades

The fastening system includes load-bearing profiles, brackets, anchoring elements (dowels and screws), and special fasteners. The use of brackets for ventilated facades makes it possible to adjust the distance between the frame and the wall, so there is no need to level the surface of the walls;

Despite the fact that the fastening system is not visible, this is not a reason to skimp on its components. On constituent elements the main load comes from the weight of the facing material, the force of the wind and the movement of the air flow. Therefore, all materials used must meet quality standards.

Frame for ventilated facades

There are several types of frames:

a) depending on the material:

• metal carcass. Consists of elements made of metal. There are aluminum, galvanized and steel subsystems. In this case, the horizontal elements, which bear the main load, have a thickness of 1.5-2 mm, and the vertical ones - 0.5-1 mm. This reduces the load on the facade of the building, while maintaining the load-bearing properties of the frame itself. A metal frame is required when using heavy facing materials, for example, stone (ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware);

• wooden frame. It is a system of 50x60 mm timber and 20x40 mm slats. Suitable for light cladding materials, but needs protection and requires additional processing to prevent wood rotting;

• combined frame. Combines the advantages of both systems. In this case, the main system is metal, and the counter-lattice is wooden.

b) depending on the profile configuration

Subsystem for ventilated facades:

The subsystem for the ventilation façade must meet the following requirements:

• corrosion resistance;
• high load-bearing capacity;
• ability to withstand static and dynamic loads;
• the possibility of leveling the curvature of the façade surface;
• simplicity and higher installation speed compared to other cladding methods.

2. Insulation for a ventilated facade

Thermal insulation material is not a mandatory part of a ventilated façade. If there is no task additional insulation, but only protection of the front surface of the external walls, then insulation is not used. But this is the exception rather than the rule.

In the vast majority of cases, when installing a ventilated facade system, thermal insulation material is installed.

Theoretically, any insulation can be installed under a ventilated façade. But the main requirement that is put forward to the insulator is that it can ensure the passage of steam from the room. Traditional rigid insulation materials, such as polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene, do not meet this requirement (especially in case of fire, they emit harmful substance- styrene). Therefore, preference is usually given to soft insulation materials - basalt wool, less often glass wool.

Note. Great solution for use in the ventilation façade system is to install double-density mineral wool. Such a material, on the one hand, has sufficient vapor permeability, and on the other, the necessary reserve of rigidity.

An example is the products of Rockwool (Russia, Poland or Denmark). Plates from stone wool Venti Butts D (two-layer insulation) have a density of 90/45 kg/m3 (90 for the top layer, 45 for the bottom), and Facade Butts D Optima - 180/94. The cost of Venti Butts D (100 mm) starts from 2,283 rubles/m3, the cost of Facade Butts D Optima from 2,205 rubles/m3.

Among other advantages basalt wool can be attributed: non-flammability, stability of shape, ease of installation, resistance to wind, immunity to biological factors.

3. Film for ventilated facades

The use of steam-, hydro- and wind-proof films makes it possible to additionally protect the insulation from the effects of moisture contained in the air moving between the facing material and the wall, as well as from wind pressure. Wind barrier film is rarely used today, because... it was replaced by new progressive materials - superdiffusion membrane and geotextiles.

The membrane is a synthetic semi-permeable film that can regulate diffusion properties.

Geotextiles (construction) is a synthetic fabric made of polypropylene (less commonly polyester), which reliably protects the insulation from destruction. In addition, it is resistant to high and low temperatures, influence chemical substances, is tear-resistant and is a serious barrier to various living creatures and bacteria.

A distinctive feature of these materials is one-sided vapor permeability. On the one hand, they effectively remove steam that leaves the room through the insulation, thus preventing it from getting wet. On the other hand, they protect against moisture from the outside (precipitation).

Which membrane is better for ventilation facades?

• Izospan, Russia (density 64-139 g/sq.m., price - 1,500-4,500 rubles/roll 50 m.p.);
• Juta (Utah), Czech Republic (density 110-200 g/sq.m., price - 1,359-6,999 rubles/roll 50 m.p.);

Also positive reviews about geotextiles

• DYUK, Russia (density 80-230 g/sq.m., price 1,580-2,598 rubles/roll 50 m.p.).

The maximum vapor permeability for the membrane is > 1200 g/m2/24 hours.

4. Air gap in ventilated facades

The air gap gives the ventilation façade the properties of a thermos and protects the house from significant temperature fluctuations. Thanks to the air, the building cools down more slowly in winter and heats up in summer.

Advice. For the effective and durable functioning of a ventilation façade, conditions must be provided - the air moving in the curtain wall system must overcome some resistance created by the flangings of metal cassettes or slabs.

What gap should a ventilated façade have?

As a rule, the gap is 40-60 mm, up to 100 mm, but the minimum-maximum size is calculated for each case individually.

If the gap is too small, the heat-insulating layer may be destroyed (when the insulation is adjacent to the cladding). As a result, the surface of the wall will get wet and collapse.

If the gap is too large, hum (noise) may appear in strong directional wind. This happens when wrong choice the length of the brackets, as well as when using low-hardness wool as insulation.

5. Cladding material for ventilated facades

The decorative layer of cladding is the visible part of the ventilation facade. Today, there are more than two dozen varieties of finishing materials for cladding ventilated facades, which can be combined into six groups:

Stone materials:

• a natural stone;
• fake diamond;
• porcelain stoneware

Brick materials:

• cast concrete for brick;
• clinker tiles;
• solid facing brick;
• fiber cement panels.

Metal materials:

• metal siding (metal siding);
• metal cassettes and panels;
• composite cassettes and panels;
• aluminum panels;

Plastic materials:

• linear panels. Made from polyester. Act as a finishing and insulating material;
• vinyl siding. The easiest material to install, it is lightweight, which allows it to be installed on a wooden frame.

Wood materials:

• thermowood;
• block house;
• planken (wooden facade board);
• wood-look porcelain tiles.

Glass materials:

• glass panels - made of impact-resistant glass. Allows you to provide high level natural light in the room and give the building a stylish look. But they are expensive and difficult to install;
• solar panels are a separate type of cladding of a ventilated facade. Is complex and expensive electronic system, therefore not very common in private construction.

Note. Installation of materials such as porcelain stoneware, cassette and linear panels is only possible using a factory-made metal frame, because They are distinguished by the presence of guides and factory fastenings.

Due to the variety of facing materials, the customer has the opportunity to implement any design solution.

Design and principle of operation of hinged ventilated facades - video

Advantages and disadvantages of ventilated facades

Comparison of advantages and disadvantages according to a number of parameters.

Advantages of ventilated facades:

• eliminating the appearance of condensation and dampness;
• reduction in quantity building material, which reduces the cost of the house;
• performance effective insulation building;
• expansion of building finishing capabilities;
• reduction of space heating costs;
• promotion performance characteristics facade, its resistance to external factors;
• implementation of lightning protection function;
• avoiding overheating of the building in summer;
• high installation speed and maintainability.

Disadvantages of ventilated facades:

• the need to conduct a technical condition inspection load-bearing structures, in case of installation of a ventilated facade on a building in use (during repair or restoration, reconstruction);
• strict requirements for the quality of installation and the qualifications of specialists performing the work;
• lack of standards for the installation of ventilation facades;
• the presence of weak points in the “pie” design, which leads to violation of fire safety requirements.

Due to their advantages and despite their disadvantages, ventilated facades are gradually replacing traditional methods of finishing buildings.