Priming walls before painting: how to choose the right composition. Priming walls before painting with water-based paint How to properly prime walls before painting

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Primers are designed to increase adhesion (grip) decorative finishing with surface for more durable fastening. In addition, priming reduces the absorbency of the wall, which reduces paint consumption. Further in the article there are examples of step-by-step work on priming different surfaces.

Priming walls before painting

The process of applying primer precedes and is important preparatory stage for wall decoration.

The solution is designed to protect, strengthen and level the surface, as well as improve the subsequent adhesion of finishing materials.

In addition, a special primer mixture can provide protection against mold or mildew.

What is a primer

Primer is the process of applying a special composition to the walls, performed before starting finishing works. Walls are primed for painting, wallpaper, decorative plaster, ceramic tiles.

Do I need to prime before painting?

The primer can be carried out with various compositions: paint, a ready-made primer preparation or a concentrate, which is diluted according to the instructions. Solutions are also marked relative to the surface to which they will be applied (wood, metal, plaster).

Water-based

- not the cheapest finishing material, so pre-priming the walls will significantly save on paint consumption.

The primer applied under water-based paint reduces the hygroscopicity of the base, which leads to a more uniform distribution of paint on the surface, increased strength of the coating, and increased wear life.

The water-based primer is applied with a brush, preferably in one layer, which should ideally cover all the unevenness of the wall, but not form uneven accumulations of soil. After the primer composition has completely dried, which takes 5-7 hours, water-based paint is applied in two layers.

Silicate

Silicate paints are sold dry; to paint, the mixture must be diluted with water and used as soon as possible, before the paint loses its properties. Therefore, silicate-based pre-primer has great importance for speed and quality of painting.

Special primer compositions can reduce the toxicity of alkali contained in silicate paints and strengthen mineral surfaces to extend the life of the paint to 10-15 years.

Acrylic

Priming before acrylic painting It has important feature: the composition must be applied to highly abrasive surfaces; from smooth surfaces it will gradually slide off even along with the paint.

Therefore, before applying primer, the wall surface must be treated with a stiff brush or large sandpaper to artificially create grooves and roughness.

In turn, the primer solution perfectly fixes the coating particles, leveling the adhesion and absorbency of the wall, which allows the acrylic paint to lay down in an even and durable layer.

Oily

Oil paint is one of the most highly adhesive, even without applying a preliminary primer layer. Priming increases the strength of the oil coating, making it smoother and less porous. However, often applied without a primer, it itself acts as an unsurpassed material for finishing work, as it adheres well to the surface.

When applying oil paint for the first time, the use of a primer solution is not necessary. For secondary paint, you should opt for a special composition “on top of the paint”, which will save the time required to remove the old layer.

What to prime: popular primer options for different surfaces

Primer compositions differ according to the type of surface for which they are intended:

For wood and metal. Alkyd and aluminum primers are used, which have anti-corrosion properties and ensure strong adhesion of the finish to the base.
For concrete. Epoxy primers that are resistant to cracks and chips due to their high resin content are best suited. Used for subsequent painting, laying tiles, and laying linoleum.
For brick. It is worth choosing a silicate primer, as it is the most resistant to natural influences and is suitable for treating facades, balconies or bathrooms.
For polyvinyl acetate paint. The primer of the same name has a narrow specialization, allowing the paint to dry faster and adhere better to the surface.

A universal acrylic-based primer can strengthen and protect surfaces made of wood, concrete, ceramics, plaster and putty.

How to prime correctly

The priming process can be divided into preparatory and main stages:

When preparing, it is necessary to sand the surface, remove dust, dirt, and mold from it. If necessary, dictated by the instructions for the primer composition, the wall must be degreased: for this use acetone or similar solvents. During preparatory work, it is important to maintain proper ventilation of the room and temperature regime within 5-25°C.
The main stage of priming is to dilute the required amount of the composition and apply it to the walls.

How many times

The primer is usually applied in two layers, the first of which is thicker, and the second is necessary to better strengthen the surface. It is important to dry each layer of primer for the time recommended on the package (usually several hours).

What to prime

Depending on the porosity of the wall, you can prime it with a brush or roller.

Each method has its own advantages.

A brush allows you to work on unplastered surfaces, while a roller gives a uniform, smudge-free layer, which requires less primer.

How long after can I paint?

The minimum time for drying the primer should be found in the instructions for the specific composition; it usually ranges from 4 hours.

If repair work allows, then it would not be superfluous to let the primer soak in during the day.

In addition, if the primer composition was applied to plaster or putty, then subsequent painting should be carried out only after all layers of finishing have completely dried.

Drying of the primer can be slowed down by open containers filled with water in the room, so it is better to remove buckets of water, remnants of diluted primer and other liquids from the room.

Is it possible to paint without primer?

When is it possible

When not to

A primer is necessary when gluing wallpaper for reliable adhesion to the walls.
When using drywall in finishing. The sheets are coated twice: immediately after installation, and after the paint has dried for better fixation.
When repainting an old layer of paint with a new color. In this case, the primer allows you to neutralize the show-through of the old finish.

The basis for a high-quality result of finishing work is the use of products from one manufacturer. This helps avoid unpredictable chemical reactions between different formulations. In addition, product lines from one company are designed for combined use, which allows you to obtain the planned shade and structure of the coating.

The principle of more solid foundation relative to the applied paint coating. This means that the primer layer should take on the functions of leveling and adhesion to the wall, and the selected paint will only have a decorative function.

Often for professional help Beginners who cannot determine whether a primer is needed in principle apply. To determine the need to use primers, professionals conduct a very simple test - you need to rub the wall with your finger: if a mark remains, then you cannot do without a primer before painting.

Primer of any surface is a stage that facilitates the progress of further finishing work. Modern primer compositions can strengthen the wall, protect it from destruction, cracks, chips, and rust. After applying the primer, the paint layer is distributed much better, which allows you to reduce the consumption of paint coating.

Useful video

Priming is a technological process in preparing a surface for applying various finishing materials to it. This is carried out by coating with a primer - a special composition that provides:

strengthening surface layers;
decreased absorbency;
increasing the adhesion characteristics of the treated surface.

Certain types of materials help to increase the protective properties against corrosion, prevent the development of rot or prevent the growth of mold and mildew.

Why do you need to prime walls before painting and puttying?

Coating walls with a primer is one of the types of preparatory operations before the subsequent application of a putty or paint layer. The treated surface acquires a number of useful properties:

The strength of the surface layers increases, the particles of the “chalking” wall structure are held together.
The absorbency decreases, which helps reduce the consumption of liquid covering material.
Adhesion to most finishing products increases: metal, wood, concrete, brick, etc.
Prevents the penetration of moisture into the surface being treated, which, in turn, prevents the occurrence of dampness.
The walls acquire antiseptic characteristics - mold does not form on them, fungus does not grow, and rot does not appear.

Types of primers

Impregnating compositions are divided according to purpose:

deep penetration (universal);
adhesive (cohesive):
pigmented (colored);
antiseptic.

Universal composition

It is a composition of water and a group of organic substances - latex and acrylic. State of aggregation, is a liquid that allows it to penetrate into the structure of the surface being treated. Organic compounds When dry, they form a chain of copolymers in the form of a dense film.

Small solid particles, a “chalking”, dusty structure, stick together, and a single dense surface is obtained. In other words, a base is formed on which putty or paint composition fits well. In addition, it is convenient to apply to such a surface - the glue has good adhesion to organic impregnation.

By varying the composition of the primer for painting walls, you can enhance certain properties, that is, obtain a liquid that can penetrate 5–10 cm deep into the surface, or form a dense structure covered with an organic film.

Adhesive compounds

One of the good famous representatives This type is a composition under the general name “concrete contact”. Consists of organic copolymers, water and filler - fractional quartz sand. Has a number of advantages:

Can be used on many materials - concrete, brick, wood, paint and varnish coatings, putty, plaster;
forms a vapor- and moisture-proof coating;
creates a rough surface that has excellent adhesive properties.

Thanks to these characteristics, this type of impregnation has found application under tile adhesive, plaster and putty, including decorative coatings. For ease of use, color is added to the composition - this allows you to distinguish between places where the primer has not been applied.

Pigmented composition

This type of coating, in addition to the properties of a universal primer, allows you to create the necessary color background on the surface. It's necessary:

uniform colors allow you to stick thin translucent wallpaper;
a light surface is needed when applying “liquid” wallpaper;
a uniform color background is included in the technological chain of applying various decorative coatings, for example, when applying “Venetian plaster”.

In addition, this allows you to apply light paints over a dark base - the primer “whitens” and brightens the base.

Antiseptic impregnation

This type is used in places where temperature changes are possible, there is high humidity. Such external factors contribute to the formation of mold, mildew, and organic material may begin to rot. Antiseptics can be used as independent compositions or they are introduced into traditional acrylic compositions.

The composition is applied to a previously prepared surface:

Since most types of primer are a liquid with varying viscosity, application is carried out using paint rollers or brushes. Concrete contact is a paste-like consistency, so it is more convenient to use a spatula or a brush with hard bristles.

How long does it take for primer to dry before painting?

The drying time of the applied composition depends on the absorbency of the base and the type of composition. When using a universal type of impregnation on dense concrete in one pass, the duration will be 1–3 hours. The same composition, but on plaster or putty, will increase the time to 2–5 hours.

Concrete contact acquires its properties after 24–36 hours, depending on the base and thickness of the applied layer.

Which primer is better for puttying and painting?

The choice of type of impregnation for walls depends on the material being applied, the type and structure of the surface.

Primer of walls before painting with water-based or acrylic paint. Before application water-based or acrylic compositions On concrete, plastered, puttied or previously painted surfaces with similar compounds, it is recommended to use liquid acrylic primers for painting.
The same impregnating liquids can be used for putty, but the bases must be dense and have good adhesion to them. In the presence of paint and varnish coatings, it is advisable to use concrete contact.
Pigmented compounds used when leveling the overall color background, - lightening a dark base. Suitable for paints and decorative coatings - wallpaper, plasters, putties.
Antiseptic composition must be used, regardless of the coating used, in the presence of temperature changes and high humidity.

Primer cost

Average prices:

Concrete contact Cerezit CT-19 5 kg costs 410–480 rub/bucket;
Primer BRAVE BRIGADIER Betonkontakt 6 kg, 700–780 rub/bucket;
Latex primer for interior work Leningrad paints 10 kg, 950–990 rub/canister;
Latex primer for interior work Leningradskie paints 5 kg, 730–790 rub/canister;
Moisture protection primer concentrate 1: 7 TEKS Profi 0.9 kg, 150–1800 RUR/bottle;
Primer Capital, pigmented, white, for wallpaper, 1 kg, 155–200 rubles/canister.

To summarize the above, a primer is always necessary. This will create a strong, reliable coating on the walls that will last for decades.

Watch the video on how to properly prime walls for puttying and painting:

Nowadays, almost any finishing requires a strong base - a primer. It is a very valuable material for preparing surfaces for painting, as well as plaster and wallpaper. The primer penetrates into the material itself, after drying it strengthens it. After this, a good base is formed for various paints and varnishes, the paint is reduced accordingly, and the surface is also protected from the formation of various fungi.

The primer facilitates easy application of paints and varnishes and reduces paint consumption.

Primers of this class are divided into strengthening, universal and penetrating primers.

A primer for painting can significantly reduce the amount of paint consumed and also promotes better adhesion of materials to the surface.

In this article we will look at the technology primers for painting walls

Priming the walls before painting greatly increases the durability of the surface. For such purposes, of course, it would be better to use primers with high binding characteristics. Such primers always form a kind of film on the wall surface that prevents absorption a large number paint and varnish materials, which of course saves both time and your money.

Before starting coating, clean the wall surface from various dirt and dust particles. If the surface to be treated has loose areas, then it is necessary to treat them with a primer with a greater penetration effect. walls, and then apply a regular primer. This type of primer will increase the life of the wall and significantly strengthen it.

When buying a primer for a wall, you need to pay your attention to its manufacturer; a large number of those brands that are on the markets produce entire lines of building materials, so the most best choice When you purchase primer and paint, you will have everything you need from one company. Almost always, manufacturers of primers and paints make them on the same base, which will significantly increase the adhesion of materials and their service life.

Selection of materials for the article:

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Primer of walls

When working with primers and leveling compounds, rollers, metal and rubber spatulas, trowels. The final grinding of the surfaces is carried out using a sanding float with a handle. The mixture can be prepared using an electric drill with special attachments.

Work technology

Whatever the base surface (substrate) is - concrete or metal, plaster or wood - all coatings must adhere firmly to it. For this reason, primers are used, which penetrate the base and improve its adhesion (adhesion) to the subsequent layer.

With their binding and strengthening properties, primers often prevent damage to the underlying surface (for example, when removing wallpaper). In addition, the primer layer contributes to a more uniform application and absorption (absorption) of materials such as paints, plasters, wallpaper glue, putties, etc. The result is obvious: the quality of the finishing room increases.

Of course, you don’t have to prime, say, concrete walls. But in this case, the likelihood of poor-quality repairs increases significantly: it may subsequently fall off or sag; In addition, under the influence of moisture, it is possible that all kinds of defects (stains, stains, cracks) may appear on the finishing layer.

Thus, applying a primer before applying dry mix or plaster is an additional guarantee of the quality of the future surface. Primer treatment costs an average of 0.5 USD. per 1 sq.m., and the cost of all plastering work with subsequent painting and gluing can reach 20 USD. and more per 1 sq. m. And to this we must also add the cost of materials. And the exclusion of not the most expensive stage of finishing work may in the future negate all efforts, not to mention the financial costs of finishing walls and ceilings.

The times when virtually the same primer was used for all types of work are long gone. And construction and repair technologies in our country have changed dramatically in recent years, approaching those used throughout the civilized world.

Today our market offers a great variety of both dry and ready-to-use modern primers, from which you can choose exactly what you need.

When producing the composition, the following are taken into account:

type of surface to be treated (brick wall, concrete or expanded clay concrete blocks, metal, plaster, plasterboard, wood, surfaces plastered with cement mortar, etc.);
features of the room in which the primer is applied (wet or dry), as well as the method of further finishing (painting, tiling, plastering).

As a rule, there are compositions used for the initial preparation of bases (the so-called primers) and to improve adhesion between finishing layers.

Primers include film-forming substances (resins, bitumen, oils, various, etc.), pigments, drying accelerators and various additives to impart certain properties to the surface. They are produced on mineral, acrylic, alkyd and other bases.

In mineral-based soils, cement is used as a binder. Such compositions are used for initial accelerated processing and preliminary leveling of walls made of mineral materials: plaster, concrete, lightweight concrete, brick, gas silicate and expanded clay concrete blocks. Nowadays, universal water-borne primers with good hiding power based on acrylic copolymers are quite widespread. These compounds provide good adhesive contact with the final coating, including latex, acrylic and alkyd paints. Equally suitable for preparing surfaces made of concrete blocks, cement and cement plaster, gypsum and plasterboard boards, wood and its derivatives, as well as previously painted surfaces and fiberglass wallpaper.

Alkyd-based quick-drying primers are designed for primary and secondary treatment of new and previously painted wood, fiberboard and particle boards.

They have good adhesion to such difficult-to-work surfaces as fiberglass, PVC plastic, galvanized steel, glass, tiles. Among the materials with a narrow specialization, it is necessary to note moisture-proofing primers (with anti-mold and fungicidal additives), special insulating primers (prevent the detection of coating defects caused by nicotine, smoke, soot, dried water), paint-primers for ceilings and, finally, primer compositions for the preparation floors

Currently, the market offers a wide range of products from both foreign and domestic brands. Many large international companies have established their production in our country and produce soils based on local materials.

Russian companies using imported products are also not lagging behind. technological equipment. The products themselves contain foreign components and additives. The retail price for such domestically produced primers is somewhat lower than for imported ones, but the quality is quite comparable.

As a rule, primers and putties are produced by large manufacturers of dry building mixtures or paints and varnishes.

Based on the price-quality ratio, all primer and putty compositions on the market can be divided into four groups:

The cheapest materials. Applicable in cases where the decisive factor is price rather than quality. Here, as a rule, one type of primer is provided for all types of interior work.
High-quality domestic materials, manufactured either jointly with foreign companies, or based on imported components.
The third group consists of putties and primers from well-known foreign companies.
Elite European (English, German and French) materials, which are used only to order. They contain all sorts of specific additives, in particular, allowing you to regulate the drying speed of the mixture.

The listed compositions also differ in price.

If there is a financial opportunity to choose, it makes sense to combine materials of the second and third groups. It is worthwhile to use high-quality domestic compounds to carry out work in utility and secondary rooms (pantry, garage, gym, loggia). While imported materials are used on the most “critical” surfaces - walls, ceilings, ledges, external corners living room, kitchen, office.

The higher the cost of primers, the more strictly they differ in purpose: there are materials separately for concrete, for painting, for porous surfaces. Each layer acquires a clear specialization (the layer between the wall and plaster, between plaster and putty, between putty and paint, under wallpaper).

Materials

Pay attention to the degree of porosity of a particular base (brick, concrete, plaster and others), that is, its ability to absorb moisture. This determines the adhesion strength of finishing materials not only to the base, but also to each other. On relatively dense, low-porosity substrates, it is better to apply a primer with high adhesive properties. It is better to strengthen a loose, very porous surface with deep penetration soil.

Universal primer compositions are applied to substrates of medium porosity. A drop of water will dry on such a surface from 3 to 20 minutes.

Most professional high-quality primers are designed for a specific type of substrate, which allows you to achieve the maximum effect from their use. For example, it is especially difficult to apply the first layers of plaster on monolithic concrete walls. Therefore, such surfaces must be treated with primers. IN in this case the optimal compositions are mineral-based (binder - cement), developed specifically for these purposes and guaranteeing a high-quality result.

Finishing wet rooms (bathrooms, showers, saunas, baths) also requires the use of special primers. They should create a thin waterproofing layer on the surface of the base, preventing moisture from penetrating into the structure.

The Waterproof Premier 94 primer produced by the French company Semin for external and internal work protects the surface from condensation, leaks, capillary moisture and mold. It is applied in two layers: the first forms water-insoluble seals and stops the penetration of moisture, the second creates a flexible and elastic waterproof film.

The primer can be used when preparing the base for painting, wallpaper, putty, tiling, and also if we're talking about about processing the floor under the screed.

One can note the universal water-borne primer-scraper based on vinyl acrylic latex Elegant 144 (from UCP Paint). The material allows you to combine two operations - priming and puttying - and, therefore, significantly reduce work time. If we compare Elegant 144 with conventional compounds, it is thicker than primer, but thinner than putty. When applied, it fills all small depressions and evens out the surface. Can also be used as a finishing layer before painting. Apply a layer of Elegant 144, sand after drying as ordinary putty. Primer-putty can be used for external and internal work. It is suitable for new painting and repair of painted (with the exception of many years of oil paint deposits) and unpainted surfaces (smooth, porous, embossed, rough and rough). Provides excellent adhesive contact with the final coating.

As for preparing surfaces for painting, it is best to use materials from the same manufacturer. This will ensure a high-quality result of all work. Every serious company produces its own line of products, guaranteeing the compatibility of various materials within its limits. And if you want to achieve a good result, ultimately, it is not the thickness of the applied primer that is important, but its type and brand of manufacturer.

It is worth emphasizing once again: treating surfaces with primer is mandatory according to technology. If you have to deal with old and loose walls, the decision is usually made to prime them as thoroughly as possible so that the reinforced layer is as thick as possible.

If the walls are reliable and adhere well, as a rule, the primer layer is made thinner. In this case, when working with high-quality primers of the third group, you can even reduce their concentration in order to save expensive material.

The optimal thickness of the applied soil layer is 0.2 cm. It should be taken into account that the porous surface has better absorbency. Accordingly, material consumption increases. More primer will also be used for additional processing of old walls with chalking surfaces.

An experienced foreman, assessing the condition of the walls on site, can make some changes to the order of finishing work regarding the thickness of layers and priming levels. For example, for vinyl or fiberglass wallpaper followed by painting, sometimes the wall is not primed, but only puttying or plastering is used.

The fact is that the wallpaper itself in this case plays a certain binding role (in fact, the function of the primer here is performed by glue). A primer layer may not be applied under the tile if the base surface is good condition(if necessary, the walls are primed tile adhesive).

Before application, plaster blocks must be primed: it is absorbed into the surface, creating a film that will not allow the glue to lose moisture. The fact is that if it does not dry within the time period specified by the manufacturer’s instructions, it loses its strength, and the tile may fly off over time.

Primer of walls

Everything you need to know about the DIY process of priming walls.

Priming walls is a rather complex and time-consuming process. Therefore, to perform this type of finishing work, it is best to call professionals.

If you decide to do everything on your own, then you should know that the process of priming the surface of the walls must be carried out according to certain rules. This will make it possible to provide acceptable conditions for further finishing work.

Priming the surface of walls is most often performed in order to prepare them for other types of finishing work. For example, for plastering, wallpapering or painting.

If you are priming a wall for further wallpapering, then you need to use only universal primer. It will help remove any debris and dust from the surface of the walls.

The universal primer is used for finishing all types of walls, as well as for internal and external construction, finishing and repair work.

If you primed the wall before gluing wallpaper to the wall, you should reduce the consumption of wallpaper glue. Another advantage of the primer is that it is a highly environmentally friendly material. Its use does not lead to clogging of wall pores.

How to properly apply primer to the wall surface?

So, let's look at how to prime walls with your own hands. To apply primer to the surface of the walls, use a special roller, or this can also be done with a brush or sprayer. Remember that on average, about one hundred and fifty milliliters of primer will be required per square meter of wall surface.

Primer of walls for painting.

After you have applied the primer to the surface of the walls, you should wait about thirty to forty minutes for it to dry completely. If the walls in your apartment have a high degree of absorbency, then you need to use not one, but several layers.

When priming the surface of walls for painting, a universal primer is also ideal. If you prime walls that are made of plasterboard, then you will need to putty them.

Remember that the primer is applied to the surface in order to then apply a layer of some finishing material to it. For example, before painting walls made of plasterboard, they are first primed, then puttied, and then primed again. And only after the last primer has dried can you start painting the walls.

When priming the surface of walls for painting, it is best to use primer white, so it best contributes to how evenly the color will be distributed.

You should also remember that the surface of the walls must be primed at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius and a relative air humidity of up to seventy-five percent.

Primer of walls for plaster.

If you are priming the surface of the walls for plaster, then for this purpose it is advisable to use a primer that has the property of penetrating deeply into the surface of the walls. This is necessary so that surfaces that are particularly loose and absorbent can be well fixed with the help of a primer.

Also, such a primer has the properties of a kind of antiseptic. It helps remove mold and fungi that might be on the surface of the walls.

To apply primer under plaster, it is best to use a brush or roller, and in some cases you can use a spray bottle.

Wall surfaces that are made of brick, concrete or foam concrete are most often plastered. Such surfaces have a high degree of absorbency. This results in the need to apply several layers of primer.

This primer dries in about 30-40 minutes. During the drying process, special attention must be paid to ensuring that no dirt or dust gets on the surface of the walls. The temperature and humidity indicators for applying this primer are the same as for the universal primer.

This is how the walls are primed. The main thing here is to choose a high-quality primer and carefully read the instructions on the package. Happy renovation!

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Primer for deep penetration walls. primer for metal. acrylic primer for painting

Primers are essential components for any finishing work. Consisting of a solvent, a binder and special additives, this material is applied to the walls before gluing wallpaper and tiles, plastering or painting the walls.

Primer solutions, penetrating into the surface to be treated, improve the adhesion of materials and allow for uniform application of glue, paint, etc. The use of a primer not only extends the service life of finishing coatings, but also allows you to save paints and varnishes, protects them from moisture, prevents the appearance of fungus.

The primer, the price of which varies depending on its purpose and individual properties, will not only provide reliable protection against adverse effects, but will also significantly extend the service life of the bases coated with it.

A primer for wallpaper, the price of which also depends on the manufacturer, costs from 360 rubles from Russian manufacturers to 700 rubles from representatives of Turkey, Italy, etc.

Types of soils. Primers for wood, concrete, metal

There are several types of compositions: impregnating, adhesive (strengthening the adhesion of layers), fixing and special.

A primer for drywall, for example, reduces the looseness of the base and regulates the ability of the wallpaper to absorb moisture.

Primer for walls before painting is most often done universal primer. In addition, there are special mixtures for interior and exterior use.

Wood primers are antiseptics designed to protect walls from rot, fungus and insects. In addition, they make wooden surfaces smoother, which facilitates more even application of paintwork materials and reduces their consumption.

Primers most often have two-in-one properties. It resists corrosion and deeply impregnates metal substrates. It can be applied directly to rusty surfaces. The composition of the metal primer includes, in addition to traditional components, aluminum powder. This allows the composition to be used to protect any metal structures, heating radiators, garages, and various machine parts. The same primer can be used to coat garages, roofs and reinforced concrete structures. Most metal primers can be used as a stand-alone coating.

Concrete primer is used for initial processing and preparation of dense, non-moisture-absorbing smooth bases. Mono-concrete and concrete blocks are covered with a concrete primer so that the adhesive is applied thinly and evenly. The concrete-contact primer prevents the finishing coatings from leaving the concrete base.

Special primers include Aquastop primer. It serves to isolate moisture from porous and moisture-sensitive building materials: drywall, brick, wood, etc. It can be used indoors and outdoors. The diluted compound can be used to strengthen weak substrates and reduce paint consumption. This soil perfectly prevents wood from rotting.

Primers for walls for painting

Primers for walls for painting differ in the type of materials for which they are intended, in the level of humidity in the room and in the type of final finish. There are primers for walls intended for initial treatment (primer primers).

Primers can be produced on acrylic, mineral, alkyd and other bases. The price depends on what the primer is made of.

Mineral soils are used for primary processing and smoothing of walls of brick, concrete, gas silicate and expanded clay blocks, etc. In the role binder element Cement is included in these mixtures.

Experts recommend treating brick, gas silicate, concrete and plastered surfaces with deep-penetrating primers. They are applied to the walls before covering them with polymer or cement mortars, applying paint and before gluing wallpaper. Deep primer for walls can also be successfully used for treating old floors, especially if they were cared for using wax mastics.

This compound saturates surfaces well, eliminating their looseness, saving paint and varnish materials and enhancing their adhesion to the surface being treated. In addition, deep penetration primer increases adhesion, but allows walls and floors to “breathe”. When choosing this product, you should pay attention to the “residue of dry matter,” which must be indicated on the packaging. The higher the number, the better the quality of the primer. In case of thickening, such a mixture can be diluted with water - this will not affect its original properties. Deep penetration primer usually dries quickly.

Before staining wooden walls, floors and metal structures with alkyd paints, it is more practical to use primer GF-021. This solution not only prevents delamination of finishing materials, but also prevents corrosion of metal surfaces.

This primer for walls is applied to surfaces cleaned of dirt and rust with a brush or spray. The composition includes coloring pigments, anti-corrosion additives, drier and alkyd varnish, so the composition should be applied with gloves, and the room should be well ventilated after work. The primer GF-021 dries within 12-24 hours. The thickened substance can be easily diluted with solvent or white spirit. Primer GF-21, the price of which varies between 25-28 rubles per kilogram, is in wide demand.

Acrylic primer can be used to treat surfaces of any material. It alone can replace impregnating, adhesive and fixing compounds, because it perfectly fills the voids of porous materials, glues micro-particles of dust, and enhances the adhesion of layers during surface treatment.

Acrylic primers can be of several varieties. Some of them act only on the base of the surface, without penetrating into depth, others, on the contrary, can saturate the base to a depth of 10 cm, thereby strengthening it. Special acrylic solutions are designed for walls covered with old paint and metal products. They are able to perform the functions of the main priming component, resist atmospheric conditions and corrosion.

The range of soils is extremely diverse. It is recommended to use primers in strict accordance with technical instructions, which must be included with each package.

You can familiarize yourself with the offers of companies selling primers on our portal.

Painting walls is one of the most popular types of room decoration. To avoid having to do repairs every year, you need to make sure that the coating holds up well and retains its fresh, original appearance. This is why the walls are primed before painting.

Why prime the surface?

The main task of the primer is to prepare the wall surface for further application of various finishing materials, including

Priming allows you to significantly save on paint, since by improving the adhesive properties of the surface, its consumption is noticeably reduced.
A primer for walls for painting (price may vary) increases the strength of the surface and protects it from moisture.
Priming allows you to avoid the appearance of fungus, mold and other harmful bacteria, which, of course, is an undeniable advantage. Treating the walls will not only help prevent this, but will also get rid of an existing problem.
A primer can protect the surface from stains.

Which primer should I choose for walls to be painted?

The range of such products is large. Today, modern manufacturers offer their customers a wide variety of primers for walls for painting, differing in their characteristics and purpose.

Depending on the scope of application of the composition, several varieties can be distinguished:

Alkyd primers for walls for painting. They are mainly used for processing wooden bases or metal structures.
Acrylic compositions. This is a universal material, so it is suitable for processing any surface. This type of primer can penetrate 1 cm deep. Therefore, it is used for deep impregnation of the base.
Aluminum. Can only be used for wooden surfaces. Such compositions completely protect the wood from moisture, preventing the appearance of mold and fungi.
Polyvinyl acetate primers for walls for painting. Used before painting certain types of paints and also for concrete, wood or plastered surfaces.
Silicate compounds. Can be used to treat brick walls, concrete surfaces or decorative plaster. This primer is deeply absorbed into the pores and cracks of the base, clogging them.
Epoxy. Used indoors to cover concrete walls.

Which primer is best?

When choosing which primer for painting walls is best, it is first of all recommended to decide what type of surface will be treated, since buying the wrong composition can harm the coating. It is important to read the instructions for the product. If necessary, you can consult with the seller, who will help you choose the most suitable option. In addition, it is advisable to pay attention to the manufacturer of the product, the cost of the material and its specifications. The deeper the primer penetrates into the base, the better.

Primer for walls for painting with water-based paint. Reviews about the compositions

Water-based paint is considered the most harmless and quick-drying type of coating. It can have any color, which is obtained by adding coloring pigments to the white mass.

Acrylic or polymer primers are generally used for water-based paint.

Polymer primer

The polymer base includes polyvinyl dispersion, quartz sand, marble and dolomite flour. This type of primer for walls for painting water-based paint does not contain harmful and volatile substances. In addition, it has high protective properties.

Among the disadvantages are a short service life and a fairly large formation of foam during cooking.

Acrylic primer

This primer is considered the most common and universal. It is used for various preparatory work and final finishing of surfaces, including for painting with water-based paint. It is suitable for processing the following surfaces:

plasters;
brick foundations;
porous mineral surface;
bases covered with plasterboard.

Finishing the surfaces with an acrylic primer will allow you to apply the paint efficiently and distribute it evenly. However, it is important to consider that such a solution cannot be used to treat smooth and glossy surfaces. In addition, if there was mold or mildew on the material, then before treating it with an acrylic solution, it is necessary to treat the base with an antibacterial mixture.

Before work, the acrylic primer can be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:3. Remember that the treatment should only be carried out on a clean and dry wall.

Types of acrylic primer

Acrylic primers, in turn, are classified depending on the purpose of the primer and the conditions of use.

Deep penetration. Such a product is capable of penetrating almost 10 cm deep into the base, while leveling it. This ensures minimal paint consumption.
Universal. The product increases adhesion, significantly improves impregnation and has high moisture resistance.
Impregnating primer for walls for painting with water-based paint.
Special. It is used in special cases, for example, to increase the resistance of the surface to mold and fungi. Also, metal surfaces can be treated with a special primer to improve corrosion resistance. Such compositions are rarely used under water-based paint.
Adhesive. Improves adhesion of the surface to the finishing material. Most often used on poorly absorbent and rough substrates.

Preparation for painting and necessary tools

The method of applying primer is universal and does not differ from applying other finishing materials. Before using the composition, the surface must be thoroughly cleaned of the old coating, cleaned, sanded and degreased. The number of primer layers is individual, but not less than 2 times. To apply the coating you will need the following tools:

capacity;
brush;
roller;
spray.

For each individual case and specific task, different tools may be needed. For example, on brick wall It is more convenient to apply the composition with a brush, and for a flat surface or for plasterboard walls it is best to use a roller. A spray bottle is also an excellent tool for priming, but it is used much less frequently because it is difficult to clean the room after treatment.

How to prime walls for painting

Priming the surface before painting (with water-based or any other paint) is a mandatory step. It is best to use a universal composition for this type of work. This type of primer has everything necessary properties and is great for treating any surface.

Primer for walls for painting (price may vary) is applied in a certain sequence:

the first layer is applied to the surface;
the base is puttied;
a second coat of primer is applied.

A little solution is poured into the pan. The roller is rolled over the container, all excess composition is removed. The work must be done carefully. Primer consumption is calculated as follows: 150 ml is needed per 1 m2. After the layer is applied, it is advisable to wait 30-40 minutes to understand the level of absorption of the surface, as well as how many layers need to be done.

Painting walls with water-based paint can only begin after the composition has completely dried.

Any wall decoration involves preparatory measures in which surface treatment with a primer plays a key role. But looking into a hardware store, an uninitiated person is faced with a variety of primer mixtures, and is perplexed as to how they differ from each other and which primer to choose for finishing their walls. This article will help you do right choice.

Why do you need a primer for walls?

Practice shows that the final result of wall finishing depends 80% on the correctly selected primer material. If the mixture is chosen incorrectly, or the surface coating is applied to an unprimed wall, there is a high probability that the applied plaster will soon fall off or crack, the paint will peel off, the wood will begin to rot, and a layer of rust will appear on the metal. So, why do you need primer treatment?

Improves adhesion. Key function primer is to create reliable adhesion between the main surface and the finishing material. Thanks to the primer, the paint or putty lasts for years.
Strengthens the work surface. Some walls have a weak surface, which means they crack and collapse. The primer penetrates deep into the surface, holds it together and creates reliable support for the exterior finish.
Antiseptic effect. Primer treatment protects walls, especially wooden or damp concrete ones, from the appearance of fungus and mold.
Corrosion protection. Applying primer mixtures to metal wall protects metal from corrosion.
Saves finishing materials. Applying paint, varnish or a primed surface allows you to save up to 40% of materials due to the fact that they are not absorbed.
Moisture protection. The destruction of materials begins with the penetration of moisture, and the primer becomes a reliable protection against its penetration.
Durability. The finishing material applied to the primed surface lasts for many years without peeling or falling off.
Easy removal of the layer during the next repair. Having treated the wall with a primer, during subsequent repairs it will be much easier to remove the previous layer.

Composition of primer mixtures

All primer mixtures have a similar set of components, which may differ depending on the existing surface or the desired result.

Let's look at them.

The basis. There can be three types: organic, mineral or polymer. Often, lime or gypsum is used as a base. The main component is responsible for the adhesion of soil to surfaces.
Liquid component. Typically, water is used as the liquid. It is already present in ready-made mixtures, and if you purchase a powder composition, it is enough to dilute it to the desired consistency. This will allow the soil to better penetrate deep into the material.
Moisture-repellent substances. They prevent the penetration of moisture into the work surface, thereby increasing its durability.
Adhesives. Designed to increase the adhesive properties of the material.
Antibacterial additives. Prevents the appearance of mold and mildew on the walls.

In addition, depending on the purpose of the primer and the existing surface, various polymers, resins, bitumen and oils, insulators, drying accelerators and other specific components can be added to the composition.

Important! When finishing a new building, it is advisable to apply 3 layers of primer to the walls: before leveling, on top of the rough leveling layer and on top of the finishing layer.

Types of primer mixtures

Primers for walls have many varieties, and therefore we will further talk about the features of each mixture, paying attention to their advantages and disadvantages.

— Mineral primer. This is the most common among all primer mixtures. It is based on natural components, primarily cement, which makes this material universal and can be applied to literally any surface. Practice shows that for porous surfaces such as limestone or plaster, a mineral primer is ideal option. In addition, it is distinguished by durability, UV resistance and the ability to withstand moisture.

This primer mixture contains acrylic polymers. Thanks to this feature, the material is able to penetrate deeply into the working surface, be it wood, brick or concrete, and reliably bind the fibers. Having treated the wall with such a primer, you don’t have to worry about it cracking or falling off. are also issued on water based. This mixture is used to prepare walls for work with water-based paints and enamels.

— Alkyd primer. This material is based on polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, various dyes and acetate components. Obviously, this composition cannot be called environmentally friendly. However, it impresses with other things, namely its anti-corrosion properties and the ability to be applied to any surface, including glass, steel and fiberglass. However, it should be taken into account that the drying time of such a primer is 12-16 hours.

Important! Any glypthal, polyurethane or enamel primers are varieties of alkyd.

— Epoxy primer

The basis of such a mixture is resins, and chemical components are used as additives. The resin is designed to protect the working surface from aggressive influences environment, protect the wall from moisture and prevent the formation of mold. Obviously, it is optimal to purchase such a primer for exterior finishing work. As an option, given the pronounced moisture resistance, epoxy primer is used for the bathroom.

But the most important advantage of this mixture is its resistance to damage and high temperatures. This may be why epoxy primer is chosen to prepare metal structures for subsequent painting.

This composition implies obtaining the most durable of all primer coatings. It not only perfectly strengthens the working wall, but also reliably holds finishing materials, especially silicone-based paints. It is only worth noting that chemical composition this mixture does not allow working with it indoors. Silicone primer was created for external structures, because it can be used to protect buildings from negative external influences, including rain, snow and fog.

Important! You should work with silicone primer carefully, and only with the use of protective equipment, because this material is toxic.

Silicate primer is produced on the basis of potassium liquid glass, and is used mainly for exterior finishing of buildings. In this case, the base can be concrete, brick or even plastered. Moreover, this material fits perfectly on damp walls basements and underground tunnels, due to which it has become widespread in the construction of underground communications.

The basis of this mixture is quartz sand, and this is a real advantage of this primer over other types of preparatory mixtures. The fact is that quartz provides the necessary surface roughness, due to which it significantly increases adhesion finishing coating with the main surface. We can say that the quartz mixture performs the main function of a primer coating “excellently”.

And quartz primer differs from others in its color. Thanks to the presence of grains of quartz sand, the primer applied to the wall creates harmony between the absorption and reflection of light, which means that by choosing the right color of the topcoat, you can get an amazing decorative effect.

This is a specific coating, consisting of many different components and designed to prepare metal surfaces for finishing. Obviously, such a mixture is designed for use outside the building and boasts its anti-corrosion properties. By the way, aluminum primer can also be classified as a phosphate primer, which is sold in the form of an aerosol and, when applied, gives metal products characteristic gloss.

Important! Before treating the metal, the phosphate primer is diluted with a special acid thinner, which is purchased as a kit.

This is another one specific type primer coating, which is produced on the basis of the milky juice of insects in combination with methyl alcohol. It was developed specifically for processing wood, and to be precise, for coating the cuts of branches on beams and boards. This treatment prevents the release of wood resins, which is extremely important when making steam rooms in baths or saunas. Most often, shellac primer is used to work with water-soluble stains.

This name hides a whole group of preparatory coatings designed to treat floor coverings. Practice shows that bitumen primer is ideal for concrete floors, floor screeds and even wooden floors.

Obviously, the compositions for different floor coverings can differ significantly, and include mineral mixtures, polymers, rubber waste, all kinds of adhesive compositions and even gasoline. Considering this composition, it becomes clear that it is highly toxic, which means that it can only be applied to the floor in special clothing, using gloves, a respirator and safety glasses.

Penetration rate

Based on the degree of penetration, primers are divided into two main types:

Surface primers

This type of preparatory mixtures is designed to fill surface cracks and pores in the working surface, and therefore create a solid canvas on which the finishing material will be better fixed. This primer creates an even, rough layer on the surface, thanks to which the adhesive properties of the working surface are improved, and 50% less of the applied paint or varnish is wasted.

Deep penetration

These sweeps are used in cases where it is necessary to finish a loose, crumbling surface consisting of sandstone or other material with a fine fraction. Such a working surface requires strengthening, and a deep penetration primer will come in handy here. When applied, the primer is absorbed into the main surface, penetrates up to 10 centimeters deep and bonds the particles of the material together, making it a single whole. Practice shows that this treatment is especially relevant when preparing drywall, brick, concrete and plaster, cement and cinder blocks.

Purpose

Primer mixtures differ according to their intended purpose. They are:

This material is simply necessary for those who are engaged in the construction of wooden buildings. Wood is a capricious material that is easily susceptible to rot and pests, and therefore it must be treated with special primer coatings. And given that wood has an extremely high degree of absorption of adhesives, varnishes and paints, primer treatment can significantly reduce the consumption of finishing materials. It is only important to take into account that wood also absorbs soil well, which means that before applying the main layer you will have to go through the primer 2-3 times.

The mixture chosen can be mineral, acrylic or oil based. It is only important that it is light and has antifungal properties.

Primer for metal

These mixtures contain additives that can protect metal surfaces from corrosion and moisture penetration, which is the main cause of rust. One-component compositions such as shellac or phosphate are suitable for this purpose.

Primer for plaster

It is no secret that plaster easily absorbs moisture and is damaged by mechanical stress, which means that such a surface should be thoroughly strengthened before finishing. The best solution for this is a special primer for plaster, which contains adhesive, antibacterial and water-repellent components.

Universal primer

A universal primer suitable for most known surfaces can be applied to a non-specific material. Typically, the choice in favor of this mixture is made when processing chipboard, fiberboard, and plywood.

Betonkontakt

From the name of the material you can understand that it is used for processing concrete, in particular, floor coverings. Made from latex, silicate, or bitumen, such soil lays on the subfloor with a dense film, protecting it from subsequent saturation with moisture. Moreover, thanks to such a primer, moisture will not escape from the screed, which will prevent it from drying out and cracking.

Place of application

Depending on the place of application, there are two types of primers:

For interior decoration

This category includes environmentally friendly primer mixtures that do not emit toxic substances and are not harmful to health. You can read about these features on the packaging of the building material.

For outdoor use

Solutions for external use are much more powerful in their characteristics, because they must protect the treated surface from negative natural phenomena, including from rain, fog, ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperatures, as well as from mechanical influences.

Important! Exterior primers should not be used indoors for two reasons. Firstly, most of them contain harmful substances, and secondly, such a solution creates a dense film on the walls of the room, interfering with air exchange and provoking the “thermos” effect.

How to choose the right primer?

Now let's turn our attention to important aspects that will help you make the right choice when purchasing a primer mixture.

When choosing a primer mixture, decide whether this is façade work or finishing work taking place indoors. Next, evaluate whether the surface being treated needs protection from moisture, sunlight, corrosion or mechanical stress. Having answered all the questions, it will be easier for you to make the right choice.
Pay attention to the area. If it is large, it is better to choose a dense primer that does not have to be applied more than two layers. Even if the material is more expensive, in the end you will still save, both in finance and in time.
When choosing a primer, try to match it as closely as possible to the material of the main working surface. If this is not possible, try to match the finishing material with the base primer. In this regard, it is better to combine a mineral-based emulsion with a wall made from minerals of natural origin, a synthetic primer with a synthetic base, and an alkyd primer with alkyd paint.
When processing fresh putty, brick, concrete or cement surface, you need to opt for mineral soil. And for mineral plaster only mineral primer is suitable. It is this material that provides improved adhesion to the finishing material and provides the plaster with resistance to negative environmental conditions.
If the exterior of the room is to be finished, the primer must have a water-repellent base. Indoors, on the contrary, you need a quick-drying primer that will not allow the plaster to get wet and move off.
When preparing a previously painted surface, you should choose a primer based on copper sulfate. Such special mixtures etch hard-to-clean surfaces, after which they can be repainted.
Weak, porous and crumbling surfaces, as well as materials that easily absorb moisture, must be treated with a deep penetration primer. It is better to choose from silicone or acrylic based primers. Or you can opt for a quartz mixture with dispersion additives. When enamels are to be applied, the wall should be strengthened with a deep-penetrating alkyd compound.
Alkyd, phosphate or epoxy primers are suitable for working with metal surfaces and can provide anti-corrosion protection.
The most problematic areas and areas with moisture accumulation (for example, doors and windows) should be treated with an adhesive matte primer. This material will provide excellent adhesion not only on wood, but also on plastic or glass.
When you have to process a combination of wood and metal, it is wise to purchase an alkyd-based primer with the presence of stabilizers and solvents.
Wooden surfaces are finished using compounds containing antiseptics. If there is a need to treat knots, an epoxy primer will be required. It is undesirable to mix such mixtures, which means you should evaluate which soil will be most suitable.
To finish wood walls, you should choose a varnish-based primer.

Primer is a fairly simple material that is easy to work with. However, some tips will be useful for those who are faced with repairs for the first time.

1. Without preparation, it will not be possible to carry out normal wall finishing. Paint and other finishing materials will very soon warp, peel and simply fall off. Therefore, you need to start repairs by removing the old layer of material. For this, water and various devices are used - spatulas, brushes, scrapers.

2. It is important to remove dust and degrease the cleaned walls, because finishing materials will not adhere to a greasy surface. Dust can be removed with a broom or vacuum cleaner, and deal with greasy spots

you need special solutions or an emulsion of water and laundry soap. 3. Some primers are toxic, and if you decide to work with one, take safety precautions.

Wear a protective suit, goggles, a respirator and rubber gloves. Avoid getting the mixture into your eyes. 4. When working with primer, prevent drops of the mixture from getting on furniture and finishing materials.

5. Be sure to cover them from spills and splashes, because after drying, white indelible stains may remain on the floor and furniture. An important stage preparation is also the choice of instrument.

One of the most popular tools in this regard is a regular synthetic brush. With its help, you can process both planes and hard-to-reach places. If you have to cover a large flat wall or floor with soil, it is better to choose a roller. Thanks to it, primer consumption will noticeably decrease. The ceiling is also processed with a roller, but with a long handle, and if necessary, use a stepladder. 6. When working with a roller, remember that the first layer is applied in one direction, without gaps.

If it is necessary to apply a second layer, it is applied perpendicular to the first. But it is better to avoid spraying the soil with a spray bottle. Primer dust flies in different directions and can damage furniture, windows and other interior details. And spraying the mixture on the floor is completely prohibited. Floor primers have a viscous consistency and quickly clog the spray nozzle.

7. Applying finishing material, be it paint or whitewash, can only be done after the primer has completely dried. Therefore, check the instructions described on the packaging; it is best to let the soil dry for 24 hours. If necessary, use a fan or heater to speed up drying. It is only important not to open the windows and not create a draft. 8. To check the readiness of the primed wall, simply fly masking tape to it. TO

wet surface

it simply won’t stick, but will hold tightly when dry.

The best primer manufacturers A universal primer that is a recognized leader in the processing of metal coatings. In addition, this material is the best in terms of price and quality ratio. What also captivates buyers is its quick drying. True, the consumption of such a primer is 0.7 liters per sq.m. leaves much to be desired.

— Ceresit 17. One of the best primers for deep penetration and work with concrete. It is characterized by high frost resistance, and therefore behaves well during outdoor work. True, users note an unpleasant odor and a rather high cost, but experts call Ceresit 17 the best primer for wallpaper.

— Eskaro Aquastop Professional. A true leader among primer mixtures for exterior use. This is a moisture-proofing material that provides reliable waterproofing of literally any surface being treated. The advantages include high speed drying. The only thing that stops buyers is the too high price.

— Belinka Base. The best primer for wooden coverings made in Slovenia. The material based on alkyd resins penetrates deeply into the wood and perfectly protects it from the growth of fungus and rot. These advantages do not prevent such a primer from having a low price, which is why buyers love it so much. It is only important to remember that Belinka Base emits a strong odor when working and takes at least 24 hours to dry.

How to properly dilute the primer

— One-component primer. If you have a one-component primer, before use it must be diluted with drying oil, solvent or water.

— Two-component primer. In a two-component material, first add a hardener and then a thinner according to the instructions.

— Dry water-soluble primer. If you have a dry water-soluble primer, simply add water to it in a 4:1 ratio.

— Alkyd primers. Thinners for alkyd primers are solvents of grade 649 or 650. Xylene or solvent in a 1:1 ratio is also suitable

How to apply primer

Prepare the work surface by removing dust and dirt. Wash off the whitewash from the wallpaper with water, wet the wallpaper with water and remove with a spatula.
Pay attention to the air temperature, which should be within +5...+30°C.
Prepare a brush, roller and tray for the primer mixture. If necessary, have a stepladder.
Dilute the primer according to the instructions (if necessary), or simply mix it well (if it was sold ready-made).
Pour the working mixture into the tray, soak the roller in it and start rolling it over the wall, spreading the primer in an even layer. Make sure that it does not splash or flow down the wall.
Carefully coat the wall with primer, leaving no dry areas. For hard-to-reach places it is better to use a brush.
Once the entire wall has been treated, allow the primer to dry for at least 3 hours (the exact time is indicated in the instructions), and apply a second coat. For high-quality surface preparation, it is necessary to apply at least 2 layers of primer.
When the second layer is completely dry, you can begin applying paint, wallpapering and other finishing touches.

Primer is an important finishing material that should not be neglected. With the proper approach, it will ensure the durability of your renovation, and even years later it will delight you with a nice finish!

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