How to build a cinder block house with your own hands. Types of blocks, their fillers and binding elements

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Building your own home is cheaper than buying a ready-made one. True, for this you need to approach this process correctly. Using cinder blocks will significantly reduce costs. Next, we'll look at how much it costs to build a cinder block house and what you can save on.

General information

Many people believe that building a house on their own is very time-consuming and expensive; it’s easier to buy a ready-made one. In reality this is not the case.

Of course, you will have to carry out all communications yourself, build a fence, and much more. But in the end you will get what you want. Sometimes on a search suitable home takes longer than building a new one.

First of all, you should understand that building a house is a step-by-step action plan and only strict adherence to it will allow you to save on construction. The first point of this plan is to calculate the cost.

Please note that if you do not have a plot, then its price should also be added to the cost of construction. It is difficult to give any figures here; it all depends on its area and location. In addition, costs in addition to construction should include the design of the house.

So, to find out how much it will cost to build a house, you need to find out how much you will have to spend on:

Construction of the foundation.
Construction of walls.
Roofing installation.
Construction works.

Calculation of construction costs

Foundation

The costs of constructing a strip foundation largely depend on its type, as well as on geological conditions. In most cases pile foundation cheaper, but before you decide which type to choose and start making calculations, you need to obtain geological surveys.

Therefore, we will calculate the cost of a strip foundation. The first cost item will be site planning. First you need to remove the top fertile layer to level the area for the markings. You can save on this operation if you do it yourself.

Calculation of the cost of a strip foundation is carried out in the following way:

The perimeter of the foundation is calculated.
The volume of trenches is calculated.
The required volume of concrete and the cost of its purchase are calculated.
The required amount of reinforcement and boards and their price are calculated.
All costs are summed up and the cost of construction work is added.

The perimeter of a house consists of the sum of its sides. For example, let's take small house 6*4. Its perimeter will be (6+4)*2=20 m. Then the resulting figure should be multiplied by the depth, which in our case is 1.2 m and the width of the foundation is 0.5 m.

Thus, the volume of the trenches will be equal to - 20 * 0.5 * 1.2 = 12 m³. Please note that the width of the foundation is 0.4 m, the rest of the volume will be taken up by formwork.

Since the foundation will require formwork, you need to calculate the side areas. The perimeter must be multiplied by the depth and the resulting value doubled. The result of the calculations can be used not only to calculate the forest, but also for the waterproofing area.

Once you know the price, you can easily calculate the cost of the material by multiplying it by the resulting figure. Don't forget to add shipping costs as well.

All that remains is to count the reinforcement. You will need vertical pins, which are installed in pairs every half meter. Accordingly, the calculation will be as follows - 20: 0.5 * 2 = 80 rods of 1.2 m each, i.e. 96 m, plus two “threads” - 20 * 2 = 40 m, which in total will be 136 m of reinforcement.

Walls

The sizes of foam block, gas block and cinder block are different. The standard size of cinder blocks is 390x190x188 mm, but there are other sizes - 400x200x200 mm. In addition, there are half-blocks of size - 390x120x188 mm. They are also called partition blocks. In addition, they can differ in the degree of emptiness: from full-bodied up to 40% voids.

Based on the size of the block, you can determine how many pieces will be needed to build a house, then find out how much 1 cinder block costs and calculate the total cost.

To do this you need:

Calculate the area of the box of the future building and calculate the area of the openings. We multiply the length of each wall by the height, and then sum up the data of all walls. From the obtained value, the area of window and door openings should be calculated.
Calculate the area of the outer edge of the block.
Divide the resulting value of the area of the box of the future house by the area of the block’s edge.
Multiply the resulting value by the cost of one cinder block.
Calculate the cost of masonry.
All costs are added up.

For example, if cinder blocks are standard size and lay them outward with a wide edge, then the area of one block will be - 390 mm * 190 mm = 0.0741 m2. From this it follows that for one square meter of wall you will need: 1 / 0.0741 = 13.49, if you round it up, you get 14 blocks.

5% should be added to the resulting figure, since the possibility of combat during transportation must be taken into account. Then you need to find out how much one cinder block costs and multiply this figure by the number of blocks needed for one square meter of wall.

This way you will find out how much a cinder block costs for one square meter of wall. We multiply the resulting figure by the number of square meters of the box of the future house and thus find out how much money will be spent on purchasing the material. However, procurement is not the same as building walls.

If the masonry will not be carried out independently, then you should find out how much it costs to lay a cinder block. Because one square meter of wall consists of 14 blocks, multiply this value by the number of square meters of the box and the price of laying one block.

The advantages of cinder blocks include the fact that their laying does not require high professionalism of a mason. Accordingly, the price for it will be lower, as well as for the blocks themselves.

Advice! You can save money by adding a plasticizer to cement. This will not only reduce cement consumption, but also increase its frost resistance.

How to build a house from cinder blocks?

To build a house from cinder blocks, you don’t have to turn to professional builders; you can study the cinder block construction method and do everything yourself. First, develop a project, calculate how much material you will need, and you can get to work.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before you start creating a project and building a house, you need to learn about the pros and cons of buildings made from cinder blocks.

Advantages of cinder block houses:

Saving money. This material is much cheaper than brick and wood, especially if you produce it yourself.
A cinder block house does not require a massive foundation.
The material does not impose any special requirements for storage and transportation.
The construction is reliable and does not differ in quality from houses built from other materials.

But there is also two significant drawbacks:

The material is afraid of water, so you can build a house only in dry weather, and then plaster the walls well.
To provide required level For sound and thermal insulation, materials must be selected responsibly. If this stage of construction is not done correctly, moisture will seep into the cinder block.

Foundation for a cinder block house

Main requirements for the foundation: it must be high to protect the house from moisture, which cinder block is so afraid of, and well insulated. If the house is one-story and without reinforced concrete floors, then the foundation does not have to be super strong.

To build the foundation For cinder block house you will need: crushed stone, cement, gravel, reinforcement, sand, concrete mixer, cinder blocks, opata, level, hydro- and vapor barrier material.

This process is carried out in several stages:

Dig a trench and make a bed of sand and gravel about 50cm high.
Install the formwork and make a reinforced frame.
Prepare a concrete solution: mix 3 parts sand and crushed stone and 1 part cement. Fill the prepared structure with it.

Construction of the base, if provided, can begin after 7 days, and the construction of walls can only be done after complete drying (after approximately 1 month).

Walling

First, the corners are set so that the walls are perfectly even. One cinder block is placed in each corner, then it is leveled with a building level. Stretch the twine along which you will lay out the walls. Before starting work, prepare:

a mallet for hammering cinder blocks;
trowel for removing excess mortar on seams;
plasticizer (this material is added to the solution to increase its strength and ductility);
circular saw or hacksaw for cutting cinder blocks;
orders, plumb lines and spatulas.

Cinder block is laid using one of the traditional methods:

tychkovy (one stone);
spoon (half a stone);
one and a half stones;
two stones.

Important to remember, that laying cinder blocks can only be done at temperatures above 15 degrees. After preparatory work build the first row of blocks. The height of the seam should not be more than 1.5 cm, otherwise it will lead to a deterioration in the thermal insulation properties. Do not fill cinder block voids with cement!

When erecting the first three rows, check the wall with a level as often as possible; it must be strictly vertical. Cinder blocks are laid offset by ½ block.

To avoid cracks and make the structure stronger, builders advise using reinforcement. To do this you will need fittings and electric cutters or wall chasers. Using electric cutters, recesses are made in cinder blocks, reinforcement is inserted into them and poured cement mortar. This procedure is repeated every fourth row.

Video of building a house from cinder blocks, masonry.

Once the walls are erected, you can begin building the roof. This process cannot be delayed for a long time, so as not to expose the cinder blocks to the harmful effects of precipitation. The same applies to external and internal finishing works.

How to insulate a house?

To make your home comfortable in cold weather, you need take care of the insulation of buildings And. Experts say that it is better to insulate the building from the outside, as this guarantees 70% of the effect, sometimes it is not even necessary internal insulation.

Before internal insulation, a vapor barrier layer is installed on the walls and ceiling of the building, after which you can use mineral wool or polystyrene foam. Vapor barrier is not needed for finishing external walls.

If you want to save on insulation, then use polystyrene foam. This is the most cheap material, later it is plastered and painted. You can also buy expanded polystyrene, which has a low level of water absorption, so there is no need to install a vapor barrier layer.

Insulation of walls with foam plastic and decorative work are carried out in 5 stages:

The walls are being plastered.
Styrofoam is attached.
Reinforced mesh is being installed.
Work is underway to level and finish the walls.
The building is being painted.

For painting, it is better to choose acrylic or silicone plaster. And if you are not limited in finances, then for insulation it is better to purchase polyurethane foam - modern material, which is applied to walls by pouring or spraying. The result is a coating without seams; it does not allow cold air and moisture to pass through.

How to calculate the number of cinder blocks per house?

If you are building a house from cinder blocks, then first you need to calculate the amount of material. Those who produce the building material themselves can make the missing amount at any time, it is only important to remember that the blocks will take time to become strong.

To calculate the number of cinder blocks you need to know the thickness of the wall. It may differ depending on the climatic conditions of the region where the house is being built. IN middle lane a thickness of 20-40 cm is sufficient, and in order for the house to retain heat in harsh winters, the size must be at least 60 cm.

When calculating remember basic construction terms: half a stone (20 cm), a stone (40 cm), one and a half stones (60 cm), two stones (80 cm).

Let's carry out calculations based on the most common parameters that are used when building a house from cinder blocks. For example, you need to build a 9x7 building, the height of the walls is 3 meters. The area of one cinder block is 0.08 m (0.4x0.2).

The first thing to do is calculate the number of blocks per 1 meter of wall. For this, 1/0.08 sq.m., it turns out 12.5 pieces. The wall will be built from two rows, so 12.5x2=25 cinder blocks. Now let’s calculate the area of the house: (9+9+7+7)x3=96 sq.m. 9 and 7 are the length of the walls, and 3 is the height. For each square meter you need 25 cinder blocks, which means for the construction of the entire house: 25x96 = 2400 pieces.

The calculations do not take into account openings, but this is not necessary. Cinder block – brittle material, so you need to take it with a reserve.

House construction price

How much does it cost to build a cinder block house? You can build a house from cinder blocks with your own hands, but do not forget about developing the project. You can do this yourself or entrust it to professionals. The main thing is to take into account climatic conditions and soil characteristics, as well as the stability of the building.

The average cost of one cinder block is 35 rubles. For a 9x7 house you will need 2400 pieces, that is, this material will cost 84 thousand rubles. But this is only the construction of walls; we should also not forget about the construction of the foundation, roofing, sound and heat insulation, and finishing work.

Is it worth building?

Many of them are satisfied with the construction process, because the house can be built during the holidays. Save on the material itself and mortar, which costs half as much as brickwork. Houses made from this material look original, are warm in winter and cool in summer.

Cinder block houses- These are reliable and durable buildings. Their construction will not require a lot of time and financial expenses, especially if you produce cinder blocks yourself. But in order for the building to last a long time, and to live in it comfortably, you need to choose the right materials for insulation and finishing.

When you start construction, you want everything to be done as quickly, cheaply and reliably as possible. All these factors can be satisfied by a do-it-yourself cinder block house. This building material can be made independently. We will consider both the technology of its production and the construction process from marking to installation of the roof.

Advantages and disadvantages

cinder block

At a certain point in time, cinder block became very popular. This is explained by the fact that the waste material that remained after smelting the metal had to be used somewhere. They decided to use it as a filler for construction components. That's how this one came about fake diamond. But then it was not distinguished by the best qualities, because from an environmental point of view it had certain shortcomings. It had to be kept outside for about a year and only then put into work. Today things are a little different and it seems that this is the most popular material for the construction of low buildings. His strengths are:

Long service life. With the right approach, the stone will last about 100 years.
Good thermal insulation. Thanks to the manufacturing method with air chambers, the material retains heat perfectly.
High construction speed. Thanks to the large dimensions, walls can be built much faster than with conventional brick.
Resistance to the development of fungus and mold.
Possibility of an individual approach to sizes.
The material is unloved by rodents and other pests.
A house made of such material is easy to repair.

Lightweight blocks with decorative finishes

Flaws:

Absorbs moisture well, which leads to loss of heat capacity.
Poor adhesion of plaster to this building block.
Impossibility of constructing a building of more than 2 floors.
Necessity rapid construction roofs. The fact is that exposed walls cannot be left uncovered for a long time, as this will lead to their rapid destruction.
The importance of strict adherence to masonry technology.
The need for a high foundation.
It is important to carry out construction work in dry weather.
Poor tolerance to building shrinkage. In this case, splitting is possible not at the seams, but at the blocks themselves.

Standard blocks

If you decide to purchase cinder blocks, there are several nuances that are worth paying attention to. It’s good if it is possible to take measurements with a dosimeter. Thanks to this, you can determine how environmentally friendly the material is. Look at the conditions in which it was stored. It is important that it is not an open space where it is exposed to precipitation. There should be no chips or cracks on it. Using a tape measure, you need to check its dimensions. The parallel sides must match.

Machine for making cinder blocks

The manufacturing technology is quite simple. For successful promotion in this direction it will be necessary to acquire some equipment, as well as to accurately maintain the proportions. So, the first step is to design a vibratory rammer. For this you will need:

sheet metal 3 mm thick;
pipe with a diameter of 75–80 mm;
Bulgarian;
welding machine;
roulette;
electric motor to create vibration.

The motor from the washing machine is attached

The engine can be used from the old one washing machine or from grinding machine. No more power required. The main thing is to correctly place the weight, which will shift the center of gravity.

The sequence of work will be as follows:

Blanks are cut from metal. Two of them have dimensions of 200x400 mm, the other two have dimensions of 200x200 mm.
They need to be welded together to form a small box.
Three pipe sections of 170 mm each are cut. The length is smaller so that the thickness of the bottom wall is at least 30 mm.
Cuts are made along the end of the sleeves to a depth of 50 mm. One of the sides is given the appearance of a truncated cone.
At the other end, cuts are made to a depth of 50 mm. They contain a strip of metal 400 mm long. It connects all three elements to each other.
The ends of the pipes are closed with plugs.
This structure is placed in a box and secured to the walls.
A side is welded onto the upper end of the container to make it more convenient to fill and compact the solution.
Additionally, you can make a mechanism with which the box will lift up. To do this, you can use the profile square pipe. If you don’t want to complicate things, then it’s enough to weld two handles on the sides of the box.
On big side motor is attached. To do this, four bolts are welded to the wall so that their location coincides with the holes on the body of the device. It is pressed using washers and nuts of suitable diameter.
Additionally, a lid is made that improves compaction. It will require a sheet of metal 195×395 mm. It is necessary to make holes in it for the pipes (they should be 5 mm larger than the diameter of the sleeves) and cut into two parts lengthwise. This must be done so that it sinks quietly and does not rest against the partition that secures the hollows. The parts are connected to each other using brackets made from reinforcement. It is also necessary to make a depth limiter that will prevent it from immersing deeper than 5 cm.
In order to speed up work, you can combine several of these containers with each other.
Two bolts are welded onto the motor shaft on both sides. This must be done symmetrically. In the future, to adjust the frequency and strength of vibrations, it will be enough to tighten the required number of nuts.
The final touch will be careful polishing and painting. This must be done so that the solution will subsequently lag behind better.

Machines for the production of various cinder blocks

Today there are many options for ready-made machines on sale. If you don’t want to waste time and energy, you can simply buy or rent it.

Making cinder block

The key to durable and resistant to various influences is a properly prepared solution. In case of use tamping machine it should be dry enough. If you incorrectly calculate the proportions of water, then after lifting the container it will simply disintegrate. As a filler, you can use ash from burnt coal, broken bricks, small crushed stone, slag, etc. Plasticizers are used to provide additional resistance to moisture. The first version of the mixture will be like this:

9:1 - cement and slag, which is well sifted so that there are no unnecessary inclusions;
water should make up about half of the cement.

Second cooking method:

4:4:1 - industrial granulated slag, fine crushed stone, cement;
water the same ratio as for the first option.

The best consistency can be roughly determined as follows: you need to take the prepared solution and squeeze it in your hand. It must keep its shape. If you then throw it on the ground, it should spread. Once you squeeze it again, it should hold its shape again.

The best place for work will be open air. Under such conditions, the solution will dry and set faster, which will increase productivity. It is advisable that the place be level. This could be a concrete path or a lining made from sheet metal, boards knocked together into panels, etc. The block preparation process will be as follows:

The unit is installed in the place from which the laying will begin.
The prepared mixture is poured inside. Its quantity should be greater than the actual capacity.
The vibrator motor turns on for a few seconds. Some of the solution shrinks, so you need to add more.
The vibrator starts again for a few seconds. A finishing bedding is made and the upper end is closed with a lid.
Compaction is being done. If the lid has reached the stops, you can lift the container.
Complete setting takes a period of 4 to 9 days.
Finished products can be stored indoors. You need to move them there after a day of drying outside. If the composition contains a plasticizer, then after 6 hours.
For greater convenience, they can be stacked on top of each other.
They will be ready for the construction process in 1–2 months.

Partition cinder block

Often partition walls are laid out from blocks that are smaller in size. To make them, it will be necessary to make a mold according to a similar principle, as described above, but its dimensions will be 120x400x200 mm. It is better to use rectangular inserts as void formers. They should be of such a size that the walls are at least 3 cm.

Calculation of the number of blocks

When calculating blocks, you need to take into account doors and windows

Projects must be approached rationally. There is no point in being overly economical, as this will affect the quality of the future building. There is also no reason for excessive wastefulness. This is especially true for the number of blocks. You should start your calculations by deciding on the thickness of the wall. This size is determined by several factors, such as climatic conditions and soil conditions. If in winter period time the temperature drops too low, then it may be necessary to make a wall of 40-60 cm. In other areas, 20 cm will be enough, which will also be insulated with polystyrene foam or penoplex. Laying can be done in several ways:

Half a stone. This does not mean that the block will need to be cut into two parts. This means that it lies lengthwise. That is, in the case described, this is a thickness of 20 cm.
A whole stone. This is the one that lies across, and the wall is 40 cm.
One and a half stones. By simple addition we find out that it is 60 cm.
Two stones - 80 cm.

Let's assume that a project has been chosen for a future house with dimensions of 10x12 m, one-story with a wall height of 3 m. The first step is to calculate the total area of the walls. To do this, multiply the length by the width. 3×10=30 m2, 12×3=36 m2, now we double and add these results, since there are two identical planes. 30×2+36×2=132 m2. So the final result is 132 m2. We determine the area of one block - 0.2×0.4=0.08 m2. Let's divide the total area of the walls by the area of the block - 132:0.08=1650. But this figure is valid if the wall is planned to be made of one stone. If it is two, then the final result will be 3300 blocks.

These calculations deliberately do not take into account the openings that will be made for windows and doors. This is done so that there is a small margin. While working with material, there may be rejection, and our surplus compensates for this.

The amount of stone for partition walls is calculated in the same way. In fact, the final figure will be the sum of the blocks for the main walls and internal ones.

Laying the foundation

Recessed strip foundation

As mentioned above, a structure of this type requires a high foundation. In addition, it must be very durable so that cracks do not begin to form, which will certainly pass through the entire wall. The work will be carried out in the following order:

The area selected for construction is carefully inspected. It is better to find out in advance which part of the site groundwater are at a lower level. That's exactly what she'll do.
Everything that clutters it is tidied up, the grass is mowed to the minimum possible level. This is necessary to assess the overall slope and make markings.
According to the drawing, guidelines for the size of the future building are transferred to the area.

Site marking

One peg is driven into each corner.
The correct dimensions are checked. In addition to length and width, diagonals are also measured - they must match so that the shape is regular and not trapezoidal (if this is not provided for by the project).
Holders for the guide line are made. To do this, you will need 16 wooden blocks of arbitrary size, but with a length of at least 90-100 cm. You will need 8 more small boards. Their length should be 10–15 cm greater than the width of the foundation. A crossbar for two bars is made from boards. The result should be a P-shaped design.
Two self-tapping screws are screwed onto each crossbar. The distance between them should be equal to the width of the foundation.
All elements must be driven into the ground. It is important to do this at such a level that the screws are at a height of 70 cm above the surface. The order of the stands is two for each corner so that they are opposite each other in pairs.
A fishing line or twine is stretched between the elements. It is more convenient to use fishing line that has a bright color. It does not get lost against the background of surrounding objects.
At this stage, it is necessary to once again check the diagonals between the corners formed by the stretched thread.
A trench is dug. Its depth should be 50 cm below soil freezing.
Sand is poured to a height of 25 cm. It is leveled and compacted well. After this, you need to wet it with water and let it dry. If necessary, you need to supplement the level.
Another 25 cm is filled with crushed stone. This layer also compacts well. Tamping is best done using a special electric or gasoline tool.

Foundation reinforcement

Next is made metal grill. For a foundation of the planned height, two or three elements will be required. To work, you will need ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 10–12 mm. It is better to assemble the structure on the surface. Its dimensions should be such that it is immersed in concrete by 5 cm on each side. That is, the total length and height must be at least 10 cm less than the length and height of the foundation. On total length several rods are laid out. The distance between the horizontal components should not exceed 30 cm. If there are no strips of the required length, then you can get from several. In this case, the binding between them must be at least 1 m. Staples are made from smaller rods. Their height should be equal to the size of the planned sheathing, and the folded elements should be the width of the structure. They are attached to the laid out elements every 30-40 cm. Instead of brackets, you can make ordinary vertical jumpers. They are fixed to each other with knitting wire. Top to inside the same number of longitudinal rods is attached as at the bottom.
Typically, the height of one such structure is 40–50 cm.
Stands are laid at the bottom of the pit, which will allow the concrete to cover the reinforced base from below. For these purposes, you can use bricks or other homogeneous elements. Minimum height - 5 cm.
From edged boards, knocked into panels, plywood or other durable material formwork is being made. It must be strong enough to withstand the pressure that the concrete will exert. Be sure to install jibs that will be stops on the outside. The distance between the panels must be the same so that the foundation is formed without sagging.
After the preparatory work, you need to prepare a solution for pouring. You need to make sure in advance that you have an assistant and a productive concrete mixer; you can use several. This is very important because it is necessary to ensure good volume. Thanks to this, the structure will turn out to be monolithic and not layered, which will reduce strength. The composition of the mixture will be 3:1:3 - crushed stone, Portland cement, sand. Portland cement is perfect for such purposes. The fact is that it contains calcium silicate and gypsum additives. Thanks to this, quick setting occurs and strength is ensured. Be sure to add a plasticizer, this will improve the fluidity and filling of voids, increase frost resistance, and also moisture resistance.

Compacting concrete with a vibrator

Periodically during pouring it is necessary to perform treatment with a vibrator. This way the concrete is better compacted and the structure subsequently gains maximum strength.
During pouring, you must also try to distribute all the concrete level. Subsequently, this will help you cope with the walls faster.
If the weather is hot enough, then it is necessary to moisten the surface generously with water; it would also be good to cover the foundation with construction film or pieces of roofing felt.
With a high rate of hardening, the formwork can be removed within a week.
It is better to continue further work after a month. This is exactly the period of time required for the cement-sand mixture to gain all its strength.

If you decide not to pour such a high foundation, as described earlier, then you need to take care of constructing the base. This is a continuation of the foundation that protrudes above the surface of the earth. It is important to remember that before you start laying it, it is necessary to provide waterproofing. To do this, roofing material or bicrost is laid on the foundation. The height of such a structure should reach 70 cm or more. Next, a layer of waterproofing is laid on it again and only after that the construction of walls begins.

Walling

When erecting walls, the main task is to ensure that they turn out smooth, without protrusions. The first step towards this result is to determine the highest corner of the foundation. The fact is that during pouring it is difficult to derive the ideal value. This measurement is made using a water level. You need to make sure in advance that its length is enough to cover the length of the foundation.

An arbitrary angle is selected. One flask of the device is installed on it. The other part moves to different ends. Thanks to the difference in the position of the water, you can determine where the highest point is. Laying and leveling should begin from here. It is very important to do this, because if you start construction from the lowest point, you will have to subsequently trim the stones. If you do this with the highest one, it will be enough to simply make the seam a little larger.
Having set the starting point, you can do the same for the remaining corners. For this you will need the same hydraulic level. The task will be to place 4 more stones so that in all planes they coincide with the reference one. Additionally, you can check the diagonals.

There is a fishing line stretched along the outer edge of the wall

A fishing line or twine is stretched along the outer edge of the wall. It will help make the wall level in the horizontal plane. It must be raised to the height of one row and after each new one rearranged to the same level. During work, you must ensure that the landmark is not pressed or touched by anything, otherwise it will be of no use.
To maintain the verticality of the wall, you can use several tools. For example, after laying each row, check the level using a building level. An ordinary plumb line will also serve as a guide. If you don’t want to tinker with such devices, then you can build stationary support points. To do this, they dig into the ground metal pipes that fit close to the wall. They are aligned in planes and fixed. Thanks to them it will be possible to control the process.
The solution has good thermal conductivity, so it can cause significant heat loss. To reduce this value, it will be enough to control its layer. It is better if it does not exceed 1.5 cm.

Adding a plasticizer to the solution

If you don't have great experience in masonry, then add a special plasticizer to the cement-sand mixture, which will slow down its setting. This will help you calmly display each element without having to redo it later.
Do not try to fill cavities in the stone with mortar, this will only worsen its properties. If desired, they can be filled with loose insulation.
Every 3-5 rows it is necessary to insert metal mesh. It will increase the rigidity of the entire structure.

When laying the last few rows, you need to remember to brick up the studs. It will be good if you can bend them and tie them with the seam of one of the rows. They should protrude above the surface to a distance exceeding 4 cm the height of the mauerlat beam. The step can be kept at 1 m or less. Rolled wire can be used instead of pins. Another option would be to fill the armored belt and install studs in it.

Roofing production

For installation rafter system and laying the flooring should begin as soon as possible after finishing the walls. Before choosing the desired shape of the future roof, it is necessary to analyze what the maximum amount of precipitation can fall and what gusts of wind there are. You also need to take into account what buildings or trees are nearby. Usually all data can be obtained from the relevant services. This information will affect what angle you need to maintain.

If the area is famous for the presence of strong gusts of wind, then the roof slope must be maintained in the region of 15–20°. Even with fairly heavy snow drifts, the layer will not remain, it will simply blow up. In the case when the area is quiet, but there is a lot of precipitation, then optimal solution there will be a spread of 35‒40°. With such a slope, snow will not be able to be retained in large layers.

Looks great on private homes gable roof or all sorts of multi-slope variations. We will look at an example of the construction of the first option. If the principle is well understood, then you can move on to more complex designs.

The installation begins with the installation of the base - the Mauerlat. They can be used to tie the longitudinal walls on which the rafters will rest. Or install it around the entire perimeter, which will facilitate the construction of the pediment if it is wooden and not brick. To do this, you will need a beam with a cross-section from 50×150 mm to 200×200 mm. It should be placed in the middle or no closer than 5 cm to the edge. A layer of waterproofing must be laid underneath it, which will prevent the accumulation of moisture and rotting of the wood. Holes are drilled at the locations of the studs. The boards are secured with nuts and washers or knots using wire.
At its core, a rafter system is a constructor that includes a large number of details. In shape, it resembles the letter A. In this case, the beams act in tension, that is, the force is applied in such a way that the walls are under constant tension. This option is not very good for a cinder block house, so it is advisable to use additional connecting elements. They are racks and beds.
The first step is to install the ceiling beams. After this, the entire area can be covered with film to prevent rainwater from entering the building.
Next, lay the beds on which the racks will rest. They must run parallel to the Mauerlat. The distance between them will depend on how the attic space will be used. They can be made from the same timber as the base.

Rafter structure

The rafter legs are connected to each other using nails or nail plates. In some cases, metal staples are additionally used. If they need to be lengthened, it is better to do this with an overlap; it should be about 1 m.
There can be two or more crossbars. It is important to remember that the distance between them should be no more than 50 cm.
The trusses must be the same size to support the roof plane. You can collect them both on the building and below. In most cases, the second option turns out to be safer and more reliable.
Two go up ready-made item. They are installed along the ends of the roof and secured with temporary spacers.
Three fishing lines are stretched between them. One goes along the upper corner, the other two - from the middle of each side. These will serve as guidelines for how the next trusses will be installed. Instead of fishing line, you can use a ridge board. It is important to place it on temporary supports and check that it is level in the plane.
All other trusses are installed. To prevent them from moving, jumpers are installed, which will then be removed. Step between rafter legs you need to follow one that will facilitate easy installation of insulation.
The entire area on top is covered with a hydrobarrier membrane.
What material should be used for the sheathing is usually indicated in the recommendations for the flooring that you plan to use.
The last step will be insulating the roof. This is usually done using mineral wool. This is a very important stage, because it will reduce heat loss and reduce costs different kinds fuel.

It is better to close the gables as quickly as possible. This must be done to prevent the wind from blowing precipitation inside. This way moisture will not accumulate and destroy the building material.

Interior and exterior finishing

Exterior finishing

It is advisable not to leave the walls bare for a long period. Their finishing can be carried out in parallel with roofing work. For outside ideal solution There will be insulation using polystyrene foam. It is attached using special umbrella dowels. It's better to start from the bottom. The first step is to install the metal starting bar. Its role can be a profile for drywall. It needs to be set according to the level, which will simplify the task in the future. A hole is drilled in the wall through a sheet of insulation using a hammer drill. Glue is applied to the back of the insulation; ordinary polyurethane foam with low expansion can act as it. Each element should fit tightly to the previous one. During installation, it is advisable to check the evenness of the surface using a level. After this, the entire surface is covered with glue intended for this purpose. Along with its application, a reinforcing mesh is laid, which will prevent the appearance of dents from impacts. The last layer will decorative finishing. It could be bark beetle or relief plaster.

Covering a house with siding

The house can be covered with siding. In this case, mineral wool can also be used for insulation. A product with a high density, such as polystyrene foam, is suitable. First, the sheathing under the cladding is installed. After this, insulation is placed in the space between the beams. You can attach it to the wall in the same way as polystyrene foam.

As noted above, it will be almost impossible to use plaster for interior decoration. But this is not a problem, because You can sheathe rooms using plasterboard. This will allow you to compensate for any unevenness, as well as apply the desired finishing. It is important to take care of the vapor barrier so that moisture does not seep into the cinder block.

To complete all this work it will take a sufficient amount of time. But with good organization and planning, you can meet a reasonable deadline. It's always interesting to look at finished projects. Share your observations and suggestions in the comments to this article.

In this video you will see how you can make a cinder block at home:

Watch the process of laying cinder blocks:

cinder block house

Cinder block house and garage

The house is built from blocks with decorative finishing

House with extension

Two-story cinder block house

This house will have a ventilated facade

This cinder block house is many years old.

Houses made from cinder blocks are becoming more and more popular every year. The cinder block method was developed in the 70s of the 20th century and became famous due to its simple and fast construction process. Building a house from cinder blocks with your own hands is an opportunity to save money and become the owner of a reliable and warm home.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before you start creating a project and building a house, you need to learn about the pros and cons of buildings made from cinder blocks.

Advantages of cinder block houses:

Saving money. This material is much cheaper than brick and wood, especially if you produce it yourself.
A cinder block house does not require a massive foundation.
The material does not impose any special requirements for storage and transportation.
The construction is reliable and does not differ in quality from houses built from other materials.

But there is also two significant drawbacks:

The material is afraid of water, so you can build a house only in dry weather, and then plaster the walls well.
To ensure the required level of noise and heat insulation, it is necessary to responsibly select materials. If this stage of construction is not done correctly, moisture will seep into the cinder block.

Foundation for a cinder block house

To build the foundation for a cinder block house you will need: crushed stone, cement, gravel, reinforcement, sand, concrete mixer, cinder blocks, opata, level, hydro- and vapor barrier material.

This process is carried out in several stages:

Dig a trench and make a bed of sand and gravel about 50cm high.
Install the formwork and make a reinforced frame.
Prepare a concrete solution: mix 3 parts sand and crushed stone and 1 part cement. Fill the prepared structure with it.

Construction of the base, if provided, can begin after 7 days, and the construction of walls can only be done after complete drying (after approximately 1 month).

Walling

a mallet for hammering cinder blocks;
trowel for removing excess mortar on seams;
plasticizer (this material is added to the solution to increase its strength and ductility);
circular saw or hacksaw for cutting cinder blocks;
orders, plumb lines and spatulas.

Cinder block is laid using one of the traditional methods:

tychkovy (one stone);
spoon (half a stone);
one and a half stones;
two stones.

Important to remember, that laying cinder blocks can only be done at temperatures above 15 degrees. After the preparatory work, build the first row of blocks. The height of the seam should not be more than 1.5 cm, otherwise it will lead to a deterioration in the thermal insulation properties. Do not fill cinder block voids with cement!

When erecting the first three rows, check the wall with a level as often as possible; it must be strictly vertical. Cinder blocks are laid offset by ½ block.

To avoid cracks and make the structure stronger, builders advise using reinforcement. To do this you will need fittings and electric cutters or wall chasers. Using electric milling machines, recesses are made in cinder blocks, reinforcement is inserted into them and cement mortar is poured. This procedure is repeated every fourth row.

Video of building a house from cinder blocks, masonry.

How to insulate a house?

To make your home comfortable in cold weather, you need take care of the insulation of buildings And. Experts say that it is better to insulate a building from the outside, as this guarantees 70% of the effect; sometimes internal insulation is not even required.

Before internal insulation, a vapor barrier layer is installed on the walls and ceiling of the building, after which mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used. Vapor barrier is not needed for finishing external walls.

If you want to save on insulation, then use polystyrene foam. This is the cheapest material; later it is plastered and painted. You can also buy expanded polystyrene, which has a low level of water absorption, so there is no need to install a vapor barrier layer.

Insulation of walls with foam plastic and decorative work are carried out in 5 stages:

The walls are being plastered.
Styrofoam is attached.
Reinforced mesh is being installed.
Work is underway to level and finish the walls.
The building is being painted.

For painting, it is better to choose acrylic or silicone plaster. And if you are not limited in finances, then for insulation it is better to purchase polyurethane foam - a modern material that is applied to the walls by pouring or spraying. The result is a coating without seams; it does not allow cold air and moisture to pass through.

How to calculate the number of cinder blocks per house?

To calculate the number of cinder blocks you need to know the thickness of the wall. It may differ depending on the climatic conditions of the region where the house is being built. In the middle zone, a thickness of 20-40 cm is sufficient, and in order for the house to retain heat in harsh winters, the size must be at least 60 cm.

When calculating remember basic construction terms: half a stone (20 cm), a stone (40 cm), one and a half stones (60 cm), two stones (80 cm).

The calculations do not take into account openings, but this is not necessary. Cinder block is a fragile material, so you need to take it with a reserve.

House construction price

Is it worth building?

Building a house from cinder blocks (wall blocks) made by yourself is quite possible. In addition, this is a quick and cost-effective option for constructing a low-rise building.

How to make a cinder block with your own hands at home?

We will need:

special forms for pouring, made of wood or metal. There should be a lot of them, since we will dry the blocks directly in them;
cement grade 400 or 500. The strength of cement will depend only on you, because when creating a house project, you calculated all the loads on the walls, roof and ceilings;
plain water;
fillers (expanded clay, sawdust, sand, furnace slag or perlite, etc.),
any devices (these can be special blanks made of wood, metal or ordinary glass bottles), with the help of which wall blocks we will create voids.

Mix the solution for filling molds in following proportions: sand-cement-filler 3:1:5. We place bottles or blanks in the molds where we planned to get the voids and fill them with the prepared solution. When the mixture has set sufficiently (after 5-6 hours), the blanks (bottles) can be removed.

Leave the mold in this form for 24 hours for the mixture to set. After the specified period of time, we release the blocks from the molds and again pour the slag concrete solution into them.

We stack the finished blocks to dry so that they acquire the strength of concrete (dry for 28-30 days). And only after all this will we use cinder blocks to build a house.

Building a house with your own hands from cinder blocks - the main stages

Foundation preparation

The foundation of the house should be high (75 cm above the ground), treated with coating liquid waterproofing quite well, and it does not have to be made of reinforced monolithic concrete(assuming you haven't planned multiple floors).

The first stage of our construction looks like this: we install formwork on a cushion (about 50 cm high) of crushed stone and sand and fill everything with concrete mixture.

The foundation concrete will set in about 7 days. Then you can make the basement of the house, but we begin to build the walls only after the concrete has completely hardened, after about 30 days.

It should be noted that it is imperative to make high-quality horizontal waterproofing between the plinth and cinder blocks.

Walling

In order for the walls to be guaranteed smooth, it is necessary to set the corners. Therefore, we lay a cinder block in each corner and level the corner with a building level. Then we stretch twine around the perimeter, along which we will lay out the walls.

A plasticizer should be added to the masonry mortar; this will increase the strength of the structure being erected, and will also extend the life of the mortar before it begins to harden, thus, new portions will be mixed less frequently.

A thick layer of mortar should not be applied between cinder blocks, so as not to create additional cold bridges in the masonry. A layer of up to approximately 15 mm is recommended.

A mallet (rubber hammer) weighing 600 grams will also not be amiss. for tamping blocks. Excess mortar on the seams should be removed using a trowel.

Completion of construction

We finished laying the walls, let them dry completely - it’s time to build the next floor and roof. This is where you need to take into account the weight of the rafters and floors.

It is advisable to strengthen the top row of wall blocks with an iron belt if we use something much heavier than wood for interfloor floors.

But there is no need to delay the construction of the roof in order to protect the open walls from precipitation. We do not delay both the interior and exterior finishing, preferably additional insulation the outside of the house is made of extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam or basalt slabs.

P.S. And for dessert, I suggest you watch the video: Building a house from cinder block

Building a house with your own hands from cinder blocks is considered quite convenient and in a fast way construction, but any fact has both positive and negative sides, this is exactly what we will try to figure out. We will also think about how to make this building material on our site.

Cinder block house - choosing material

For small buildings this material is considered the most convenient and practical. In addition, the cheapness of cinder blocks has long been known; this fact becomes even more noticeable if you produce building blocks right on your site. Further, the advantages of this material only continue to pour in, for example, you don’t even have to be a professional mason to successfully build a house from cinder block. At the right technology you will also end up with a “warm” house, because the air cavities will become the best insulator.

But there are also disadvantages to this material, for example, it is very afraid of water, so you will have to guess the weather and after construction thoroughly plaster the walls; craftsmen advise making a layer of up to 2 cm on one side and the other. This “fear” is also reflected on the foundation, or rather on its insulation and height. To prevent moisture from reaching the blocks, you need to make the foundation higher, or better yet, provide a base, and then make a thorough waterproofing between it and the first row of the wall. It would be advisable to complete construction before the rainy season, and even install a roof, so that dampness and moisture do not damage the material. Fortunately, speed is an advantage of building with cinder blocks.

When purchasing blocks on the market, you should be able to evaluate their quality and harmlessness. After all, any filler for cement can be used in their production, sometimes even combustion waste, for example, ash. Such blocks will not be good; it is better to focus on expanded clay, sawdust, crushed stone, and brick chips. Do not hesitate to check the strength of the purchased material. You need to drop it, without force, just lift it about a meter and a half and release it. If it breaks, this product is not suitable for you, even a crack is considered unacceptable. Only a few chips indicate the required strength.

How to lay a cinder block and calculate its quantity per house?

The amount of purchased material is calculated in several stages: first, you determine the parameters of your structure and the thickness of the walls, and then calculate the number of blocks, depending on the geometric parameters of the building elements. First of all, we decide what the thickness of the walls will be; this will determine the type of masonry. If the harshest winter is no more than 20 °C below zero, then a 45 cm wall is enough, but if the temperature drops below, then it is better to make the thickness 60 cm or more.

Now we look at the parameters of purchased blocks or homemade ones and determine how to lay the cinder block, which will help us achieve the planned width of the wall as conveniently as possible. These can be the following options: half a stone, one stone, one and a half and two stones. And then comes the most important part - the calculation of the purchased material. You need to calculate the perimeter and multiply by the expected wall thickness. This will give you the area that the masonry edge should cover.

The specialists of the site REMOSKOP.RU have prepared a special calculator for you Calculation of building blocks. You can easily calculate the required number of blocks.

For example, you lay out a wall with two stones, the dimensions of which are 200x400 mm, that is, an area of 0.08 m2. It is necessary to cover an area of 12 m (house perimeter) * 0.4 m (wall thickness) = 4.8 m2. This means that to lay out the first row of blocks along the entire perimeter of the house, you will need 4.8/0.08 = 60 blocks. Next, estimate the height of one block, the expected height of the walls and calculate the number of rows. For example, the height of the block is 20 cm, the height of the walls is expected to be 2.5 m, which means that 250/20 = 12.5 rows will be required (rounded up to 13). Therefore, in total, about 13*60=780 blocks will be needed.

This calculation was made roughly, without taking into account the openings for windows and doors, but we will keep this figure as the main one in order to have a supply of stone in case of breaks, battles and other unforeseen situations during transportation and construction, in addition, some blocks will probably have to be cut.

How to make cinder blocks with your own hands?

As we already mentioned, you can make cinder blocks with your own hands. To make it, you will need a special form for pouring, water, cement, filler (sand, crushed stone, slag, expanded clay, etc.) and some devices for creating a cavity in the stone, for example, bottles or special blanks. The molds can be made of wood or metal, and it is better if there are a lot of them, because the blocks will have to be dried directly in them. The strength of cement is at your discretion, the design of your house is closer to you and you know about further loads on the walls, be it the roof or floors.

The solution is mixed as for pouring, the proportions are approximately the following: cement-sand-filler 1:3:5. All this is poured into a mold with bottles or blanks exposed in the places where the cavities are planned. After 5 hours, when the mixture has set a little, the blanks can be taken out. Now the resulting form is left to set for 24 hours. Then the blocks are taken out of the molds, and new ones can be poured, and these are placed in stacks to dry for 28 days, until the concrete gains strength, only after which they can be used in building a house.

Building a house with your own hands from cinder blocks - stages of work

The laying of this stone is somewhat different from the brick that many are accustomed to, however, in some cases, we even win, so let’s take a closer look at the process.

Building a house with your own hands from cinder block - step-by-step diagram

Step 1: Preparing the Foundation

We have already mentioned that the foundation needs to be high (up to 70 cm above the ground) and well insulated, but it is not necessary to make it super strong, of course, unless you have several floors or reinforced concrete floors. The first stage of your construction should look something like this: formwork is installed on a high cushion of sand and crushed stone (about 50 cm), in which the reinforcement is placed, and the whole thing is filled with medium or high strength concrete. In a week, the foundation will set, and if you have a base planned, you can already make it, and the walls themselves can be started only after the concrete has completely cured, i.e. in 28 days. There must be high-quality waterproofing under and above the plinth.

Step 2: Building walls

First we set the angles, this guarantees us in the future smooth walls. To do this, we place one cinder block from each wall in the corners, level the corner with a building level, and stretch a rope around the perimeter, along which we will lay out future walls. All that remains is to take the solution and start laying. The first 3 rows will be the most important, they set the percentage of quality for the entire wall, so use a level more often, both in the horizontal and vertical planes. Some craftsmen add a plasticizer to the masonry mortar, thereby increasing the strength of the future structure and extending the life of the mortar until it hardens, in order to reduce the need to mix new portions.

We do not recommend applying a thick layer of cement between cinder blocks, as this will create additional channels for the cold, because the working solution does not have the same insulating qualities as a cinder block, so a layer of up to 1.5 cm is sufficient. Do not fill the cavities in the blocks with cement, this will reduce thermal insulation; they can then be filled with something warmer, for example, slag. As you lay, you'll need a rubber mallet to tap the blocks and a trowel to remove excess mortar from the joints. By the way, you will have to erect even a one-story building using scaffolding; laying blocks from a stepladder is extremely inconvenient; this can deteriorate the quality of the building.

Step 3: Completion of construction

After finishing the laying of the walls and the complete drying of the elements, it is time for the next floor or roof. Here the question arises about the weight of the ceilings or beams of the rafter system; if you use something heavier than wood, then the top row of cinder blocks must be reinforced with an iron belt. And again, we are not afraid to repeat ourselves; we should not delay the construction of the roof; we must not allow the existence of open walls during the rainy season. Also, do not hesitate with external and interior decoration, you can even additionally insulate the building from the inside and outside with a thin layer of mineral wool, for example. The main component of success in cinder block construction is to quickly protect the building from the external environment.

It is quite possible to build a cinder block building on your own, even for an inexperienced beginner. To build, you need to purchase a cinder block or make it yourself. This material allows you to build a home in a short time, because the size of the blocks is quite large, much larger than, for example, brick. The name of the material itself comes from the main component of the material - slag, but now both slag and other compositions can be used. Among the wide variety of materials on the construction market, the construction of buildings from cinder blocks occupies a leading place. Let's take a closer look at how to build a house with your own hands using cinder blocks, how to make the material yourself, and the nuances of this type of construction.

Making cinder blocks yourself

If to build a home you decide not to buy building materials, but to make it yourself, you need to prepare for this process and take into account the necessary points:

Find or make special forms into which the solution will be poured; there should be a large number of them, since it will dry finished goods will be in molds, the material for the base can be iron or wood.
The best grades of cement are four or five hundred; the strength of the cinder block, and therefore the quality of the entire building, will depend on the quality.
Water that will be used to mix the solution.
Various fillers, which ones are up to you, it can be sand, expanded clay, furnace slag, shavings.
Devices for creating voids in blocks; bottles or blanks made of any materials are suitable for these purposes.

To obtain a high-quality cinder block, you need to mix the solution in proportions of three to one and five. This will be sand, cement and your chosen filler. It is necessary to insert devices into the mold to form voids and then pour the solution. The blocks will dry for a number of days, which will depend on weather conditions, but it is recommended to remove the blanks after six to eight hours.

IN best case scenario in a day it will be possible to release the molds for the blocks for the production of the next batch. We stack the freed blocks for final drying; the cinder blocks should be kept for about a month and only after final drying can the walls be erected. But ideal option After all, there will be not the freshest products, but those that were prepared several months in advance, and even better from the previous season.

Advantages of cinder block houses

A building built from cinder blocks lasts for a hundred years, and these are not just words. There are buildings made from this material that are already a century old, and their quality is still excellent.

Why is cinder block construction considered a priority? Let's analyze:

one of the most important advantages of such buildings is fire safety;
If, when building a cinder block house, you do not ignore the issue of reinforcement, then the construction will not be afraid of any natural disasters, not climate change;
the material is good because it holds heat well and protects against temperature changes;
it is easy to repair the building;
masonry is done faster due to the fact that the size of the blocks is large enough, you can change the thickness of the walls and use masonry in one, one and a half or two blocks;
construction does not require special knowledge;
on the Internet you can find various proposals for designing houses made of cinder blocks;
the building material is not subject to biological destruction and can last for more than a century;
the blocks are an excellent soundproofing system;
prices for building materials are affordable.

Features of cinder block

Cinder block can be found in three types - a standard block, measuring twenty by forty centimeters, a half-block and a block with internal voids. Therefore, blocks for construction come in two options:

monolithic;
hollow.

Hollow ones differ in the volume of cavities inside the product:

two rectangular cavities;
four rectangular cavities;
two or three rounded cavities;
three rows of randomly shaped voids.

The strength of the material is marked by the magnitude of the load. If the block has low load-bearing capacity, its use in multi-story buildings is prohibited; high hygroscopicity entails the following requirements:

do masonry only in good dry weather;
make masonry only on a sufficiently high foundation - more than half a meter;
apply the final outer coating immediately after building the walls, the layer thickness should be at least two to three centimeters;
The frame of the house must be covered with a roof as soon as possible.

Disadvantages of cinder block

Despite the large number of advantages of cinder block as a material for the construction of residential buildings, there are also negative aspects of using the material:

the appearance of the erected walls is not very attractive and requires finishing coating who can decorate the building;
when using blocks with a decorative structure, it requires additional waterproofing, which complicates construction and requires additional financial investments;
it is not easy to carry out drainage and energy supply;
it is necessary to insulate the walls, since the material has high thermal conductivity;
environmental safety is often a big question; if manufacturers used unlicensed brands of fillers, then there may be a possibility of radioactive radiation.

Exterior decoration of a cinder block house

Construction residential buildings made of cinder block is becoming increasingly popular, such construction can be carried out quickly, while the cinder block inexpensive material, but the looseness of the walls, water absorption, and poor tolerance of temperature changes make it necessary to externally insulate the walls or apply decorative finishing.

Builders claim that if you carry out high-quality external finishing of wall surfaces, this will not only protect the material from adverse influences environment, but will also help to insulate the house. In this case, internal insulation is not necessary.

You can clad a house with many materials; the owner himself decides which one to choose, based on cost and preferences.

The following types of exterior decoration of a cinder block house can be distinguished:

curtain wall or siding;
stone cladding;
decorative plaster;
brick cladding.

The most inexpensive work is considered to be insulating a house using polystyrene foam and applying plaster and painting.

Choosing a cinder block for your home

If you make cinder blocks yourself, carefully check the quality of the materials. An auxiliary substance such as slag, granotsev or other raw materials must have a quality certificate. A dangerous point when using cinder block construction is the possibility of radioactive radiation. Also, when purchasing ready-made material, check the documents and certificates. Pay attention to the following recommendations when choosing a cinder block:

when buying blocks, give preference to environmentally friendly fillers - crushed stone, shell rock, shavings;
when buying ready-made material, check all bundles with cinder blocks to ensure they are identical and intact;
check the characteristics of raw materials, which directly affect density, frost resistance, thermal conductivity and strength;
the quality of the product can be checked using a one and a half centimeter nail, if it fits into the lower block - the quality of the building material is questionable;
a vibrating machine must be used during production, otherwise the blocks will be suitable only for outbuildings, but not for residential premises;
pay attention to the color of the cinder block - gray indicates a large amount of cement, if the color of the filler predominates, you need to check the quality of the blocks with special attention.

When choosing a cinder block, listen to the advice of professionals who recommend:

give preference to blocks made at the factory, rather than in unknown places using unknown technology, so you will be confident in the quality of the building material and the reliability of its characteristics;
There is a way to check the quality of a cinder block - if it falls from a height of one and a half meters and does not break, does not crumble, but remains intact or the edges are slightly chipped, then the block is very good quality, otherwise there are big questions about the quality of the material.

Tools for DIY home construction

You can build a house with your own hands, without involving a construction team in this process. To do this, you need to prepare theoretically if you are an inexperienced amateur. Surely, in your environment there will be a person who will give useful advice how to build a cinder block house. First you need to stock up on the necessary tools:

a trowel for spreading the mortar;
level to check the correctness of the masonry;
a plumb line to lay out the wall evenly;
tub, for mixing the solution;
shovel, for collecting raw materials;
a pickaxe for leveling blocks;
bucket, carry water;
stretchers, carry heavy materials;
protective equipment, this could be a respirator and eye protection glasses.

To save energy, experienced builders It is recommended to rent a concrete mixer, since mixing the solution by hand is very difficult and a lot of time is spent on one batch. A day's rent is inexpensive, but you will significantly save energy, health and time.

It is also necessary to think in advance about scaffolding, from which it will be much more convenient and faster to build a house. Laying a cinder block from a stepladder is very difficult, since the weight of the block is on average twenty-eight to thirty centimeters.

Technology for building a cinder block house

The tools have been collected, the material has been purchased, you can get started, but there are still a few things left to be convinced of:

double-check the number of blocks to make sure there are enough of them;
check that all necessary tools are available;
carefully study the masonry technique and methods of connecting rows;
calculate the forces and time to build walls at the most suitable temperature;
before starting construction work on the construction of walls, make sure that the foundation is level, if necessary, use brick;
We must not forget about waterproofing the foundation before laying the first row.

Laying blocks can be done in several ways:

in one block;
half;
one and a half blocks;
in two blocks.

Particular attention is paid to the first rows; the evenness of the entire building depends on them. After each block, the evenness of the masonry is checked using a plumb line or level. Construction begins with the laying of four corners at once, the height is set to four rows. The rows must be laid using a stretched cord.

When working with hollow blocks, you should remember that the voids do not need to be filled with mortar; their purpose is for thermal insulation.

It is important not to forget about the connection of rows and to use reinforcement. Reinforcement is recommended every four rows.

If, after the walls have been erected, cladding is planned external walls, then there is no need to unstitch the seams. But if you are not planning decorative cladding, every two to three rows you need to remove excess mortar from the seams.

You can build a cinder block house with your own hands in a short period of time. If it’s hard to figure out what your future home should be like and make a drawing, you can turn to specialists who will help you plan, taking into account your desires. Drawings of a cinder block house can be found on the Internet or you can come up with it yourself. Flights of imagination and the realization of your desires will help you create your dream home.

Before building a cinder block house, you need to thoroughly study theoretical issues and weigh your strengths. If you are ready, then watching a video on how to build a house from cinder blocks will help you understand the basic issues of purchasing building materials, stages and rules of construction. Upon completion of construction, you will be able to equip your own home, which will allow you and your children, as well as future generations, to enjoy life in it.

Developers often give preference to block building materials, allowing to speed up the construction of the building, lighten the structure and reduce the load on the foundation. But before building a house from cinder block, you should study the features of this type of concrete, compare its pros and cons, and learn the basic rules for constructing buildings from it. It is advisable to consider standard designs of cinder block cottages or country houses.

To produce lightweight blocks, filler is introduced into the concrete solution in the form of expanded clay, ash, blast furnace and volcanic slag, shell rock, sand, sawdust, brick waste, and crushed stone screenings. After pouring into molds, the mixture is pressed, the blocks are removed from the dies and dried for a month.

The finished material has a number of positive qualities: light weight, low heat transfer coefficient. The optimal thickness of walls made of cinder blocks for a house built in central Russia is 0.6 - 0.9 m, in climatic zone with frosts up to - 20 °C - 0.45 m.

Advantages of cinder block buildings:

refusal of a massive foundation - usually a shallow shallow foundation made of rubble concrete is chosen;
Not needed special conditions transportation and storage of blocks;
ease of installation - the involvement of specialists for masonry is not required, which allows you to build a house on your own;
high level of reliability and durability, subject to appropriate waterproofing;
fire resistance - walls can easily withstand open fire and do not collapse after a fire;
profitability - this follows from the low cost of the starting material and the labor intensity of the work.

Disadvantages of houses built from cinder blocks:

instability of the technical characteristics of building materials - associated with the use of various additives; density ranges from 500 to 2,000 kg/m3, frost resistance - from 15 to 30 cycles, thermal conductivity - from 0.3 to 0.65 W/m;
low moisture resistance;
the likelihood of using toxic waste in production.

To avoid rapid destruction of buildings, when purchasing material, it is tested for radioactivity and strength (they simply drop the block from a height of 1.5 m - and it should remain intact). Expanded clay, crushed stone, sawdust or brick chips are preferred as filler.

The exterior finish for a cinder block building is selected from special high-strength plaster, facing bricks, siding or lining. Thermal insulators are installed under the cladding: mineral wool, expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam. This cladding also increases the sound insulation of the walls.

Turnkey cinder block house projects

In order not to waste time and money on individual design, the developments of professional architects and designers are taken as a basis. How to choose a project? They are presented in catalogues, the sections of which contain photos and descriptions of houses, indicating their overall dimensions and area, list of materials and estimated cost. After choosing an acceptable option, study a set of drawings consisting of:

architectural - contains the layout of the building, each floor and roof;
constructive - includes a diagram of the foundation, rafter system, stairs, detailing of components;
communication – consists of electrical, sewer and water supply parts.

House with attic space

Sometimes developers have a question: is it possible to build a house with an attic from cinder block? The load-bearing capacity of the material allows this to be done, while saving on wall elements. The attic does not require external finishing - it is replaced truss structure, roofing material and roof insulation. A room with pitched walls makes it possible to use it for a gym, office, workshop.

Projects of economy class houses made of cinder blocks with an attic and a garage have their pros and cons. When planning construction, two main questions should be resolved: what will be the height of the floor of the upper floor and what room will be located under the roof. Advantages of houses with attics:

obtaining additional residential or business space;
saving building materials;
original appearance.

Disadvantages of an economy class house with an attic:

additional heating costs;
costs for installing a ventilation system;
installation of inclined double-glazed windows;
at low ceilings There is a problem with the internal situation.

The Dream House company offers projects attic houses from cellular autoclave blocks YTONG with a thickness of 50 to 500 mm.

1. Meissen Cottage. The dimensions of the building are 18.4x12.85 m, the total area is 270 m2, of which 116.7 m2 is occupied by the attic. On the ground floor there is a living room, an office, a kitchen and a storage room. The second floor is reserved for three bedrooms, separated by a hall. The garage is designed for two cars, its area is 35 m 2, above it there is a attic space. According to the project, it is planned to use wall cinder blocks 500 mm thick.

Two-storey house

Before starting construction of a two-story house made of cinder block, it is proposed to consider projects from the Dream House company.

1. "Captain". The dimensions of the cottage are 14.3 x 10.7 m, the total area is 154.8 m 2. 94.5 m2 is allocated for the first floor: there is a terrace, kitchen, living room, boiler room and hallway. The second floor occupies 60.3 m2, there are two bedrooms and a dressing room. Slope asymmetrical gable roof on one side it rests on columns, thereby forming a covered parking lot for a car. The project includes YTONG blocks with a thickness of 500 mm.

2. Bielefeld. Country house with a glazed balcony-dining room and a large terrace. The dimensions of the building are 10.2 x 9.8 m. total area– 157 m2, including: first floor – 87.3 m2, attic – 69.8 m2. On the ground floor there are two living rooms, two terraces and a kitchen, on the second floor there is a dining room and two bedrooms. The house is intended for seasonal residence, therefore, blocks with a thickness of 300 mm are used for its construction.

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