Choosing an antiseptic for wood. Which wood preservative is best to choose and how to protect your house from destruction and demolition. What are the types of wood preservatives?

Chemical protection of wood from biodamage is carried out in cases where wood is used under the most severe conditions, for example, constant or periodic contact with soil, humid atmosphere and water.

Methods protective treatment wood against biodamage are based on impregnation of wood with liquid antiseptics or their solutions. To protect lumber during drying, storage, transportation and operation, use following methods antiseptics: brush application, spraying, immersion, wood pressure treatment.

Application with a brush is the simplest technologically, but at the same time the most labor-intensive method of antiseptic lumber. This method is used for processing a small amount of lumber, or for preserving large-sized lumber (rounded logs or timber). Despite its simplicity, this treatment mode also requires the mandatory introduction of the required amount of active substance into the wood, so it is better to apply protective agents in 2 doses.

Antiseptics for wooden houses Lignofix (Lignofix)

PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC ANTISEPTIC DRUGS

Means for protecting wood from rotting, blue stains, wood-destroying insects, fungi and mold. Czech preparations Lignofix are professional, highly environmentally friendly, effective and economical wood preservatives for water based, which do not create problems for the subsequent use of any painting systems.

Antiseptic treatment of lumber by spraying with portable (backpack) sprayers is a less labor-intensive method of antiseptic treatment compared to application with a brush. But in this case, material losses are large, and processing may turn out to be uneven. Woodworking enterprises more often use special walk-through machines for antiseptic treatment of molded lumber (rounded logs, beams, boards) by spraying.

When wood is immersed in a liquid antiseptic or a solid antiseptic solution, the antiseptic penetrates into the pores, cracks and crevices. Dense wood with small pores is pre-pricked on special machines to increase the absorption of the drug. Impregnation is carried out in baths filled with an antiseptic solution, in which the wood is kept for a specified time (from several minutes to several hours).

For antiseptic treatment using the immersion method, metal or concrete impregnation baths are used. To prevent excess consumption of the impregnating liquid, the antiseptic package of lumber is kept over the bath for some time to drain off the excess solution. Deeper impregnation and better protection are provided by impregnation with a hot and then a cold antiseptic solution. The lumber is first kept in warm bath. When heated, the air in the cracks and pores of the wood expands and partially escapes. After this, the hot solution is drained and the bath is filled with a cold antiseptic solution, which penetrates deeply into the pores due to the vacuum created in the pores as a result of air compression during cooling.

Impregnation of wood in a vacuum chamber allows us to guarantee the service life of wood for at least 50 years, even in the most unfavorable climatic conditions. Impregnation (impregnation) - saturation of materials with antiseptic substances for the purpose of preservation, imparting water-repellent properties, fire and bioprotection is carried out in hermetically sealed chambers. The wood must be dry or dried immediately before impregnation in the same autoclave. Dried wood products are placed in a chamber where a vacuum is created. After this, a special composition is fed into the chamber, penetrating deep into the wood. After a certain time, excess liquid is removed from the chamber and a vacuum is created there again. Vacuum-dried finished products are removed from the chamber and packaged for shipment to consumers.

Impregnation of wood using the “vacuum-pressure-vacuum” method provides the most deep penetration protective agent and is used for impregnation of wood used in difficult conditions: fences, gazebos, garden furniture, basements, as well as sleepers, power transmission line supports, piles, bridges, etc.
The choice of one or another method of treating wood and lumber with antiseptics depends on the technical requirements and purpose of the products.

Wood, due to its natural purity, availability, numerous advantages in terms of ease of processing and good operational qualities, from time immemorial it is one of the main materials in the field of construction. However, it also has its drawbacks, which can lead to a decrease in the durability of individual parts and the entire building as a whole. The main “disadvantage” can be considered the low resistance of most wood species to biological damage. The tree undergoes natural decomposition and is a good breeding ground for various forms of microflora and for many insects. To avoid rapid damage to the material and to maximize the durability of wooden parts and structures, lumber must be treated in advance with special means, and then, if necessary, the finished structure must be treated.

Manufacturers offer for this purpose a wide range of solutions made on different bases- it’s not so easy to figure it out “at once”. That’s why consumers often have a question: which wood preservative is best to choose? To determine what protective compounds exist and which of them are used in a particular case, it makes sense to consider them in more detail.

General classification of antiseptics for wood processing

Antiseptics can be divided into types according to several criteria - these are the components on the basis of which they are made, the area of ​​application of the compositions, and their functionality.

• So, antiseptic impregnations are basically divided into aqueous, oily, organic and combined solutions.

A few words should be said about their characteristics:

- Water-based antiseptics used for protective impregnation of wood of any species. For their production, components such as sodium fluoride, sodium silicofluoride, as well as borax and boric acid(BBK3). Water-soluble compounds are most often used to impregnate wooden surfaces, which in the future will not be exposed to intense moisture.

- Oil antiseptics can be called the most popular, since they are able to protect wood from high humidity and moisture penetration into the fiber structure of the material. When an oil-based solution is applied to the wooden elements of a building, they acquire one of the rich dark shades.

This type of impregnation does not dissolve in water, since it is based on shale, anthracene or coal oil. It must be remembered that oil antiseptics do not protect wood from rapid combustion, that is, they are not fire retardants. They have a very pungent specific odor, so they are most often used to impregnate the external surfaces of buildings.

- Organic solutions Most often used for impregnation of facade surfaces. As a rule, they are used in cases where wooden walls are planned to be painted, since they create a thin film on the surface, which reduces moisture absorption wood and increases the adhesion of paints and varnishes.

Prices for Pinotex antiseptics

Antiseptic for wood Pinotex

However, it must be said that they are also suitable for processing internal wooden surfaces, so they can be used for pre-processing timber or logs from which walls will be built.

Organic solutions give wood a greenish tint and increase the porosity of the structure. In addition, they can negatively affect metal elements, which are fixed on the facade and will come into contact with its surfaces, so the chemical composition can contribute to the activation of corrosion processes.

• According to the area of ​​application, antiseptics can be divided into solutions intended for external and internal works, for dry and wet rooms.

- Solutions for external work. This category includes antiseptics for preparatory and decorative work, which are highly resistant to aggressive influences. environment, such as ultraviolet radiation, high humidity, freezing, sudden changes temperatures with a markedly large amplitude. Due to the fact that the compositions very often have a strong, unpleasant odor, they are not recommended for use on internal surfaces.

- Antiseptics for internal work. These solutions are made from environmentally friendly components, they do not have unpleasant odors and do not emit toxic fumes into the environment. At the same time, it must be remembered that for rooms in a house or apartment with different levels of humidity, different antiseptics will be required. Manufacturers always place information about their specific purpose on the packaging.

• In addition, antiseptics are divided into therapeutic and prophylactic solutions:

- Medicinal compositions are used in cases where the wood is already damaged by fungus, mold, rot or insects. However, this solution option can also be used for preventive work. Especially in cases where it is planned to operate wooden structures in an aggressive environment, for example, in bathhouses or bathrooms (showers). They are also quite suitable for preventative treatment facade surfaces.

- Prophylactic solutions- the most common. It is clear that they are used, as a rule, for processing lumber before the start of construction or during its implementation. Moreover It is recommended to impregnate wood immediately after purchasing it.

Antiseptics can be colorless, that is without changing the natural wood shade, or pigmented, giving surfaces a certain shade. That is, many compositions can be used both as a primer preparatory layer for painting or other finishing, and as an independent tinted decorative coating.

Classification of wood protective compounds by functionality

Antiseptics are also classified according to their functional effects on wood. There can be many reasons for the “launch” of processes of biological damage to wood - this is the lack of proper ventilation, timely treatment with appropriate compounds, improper storage of lumber before the construction of a building, poor quality insulation structures, exposure to moisture on the surface, etc. In addition, many compositions also have a targeted effect - for example, restoring the normal color of wood or giving the material higher resistance to fire.

Whitening antiseptics

To provide protection and at the same time restore the original color of damaged or damaged wood, to “rejuvenate” it, special bleaching antiseptic solutions are used. The most popular of them include the following.

• “Bioshield 1” and “Bioshield 2” - these impregnations are designed to prevent superficial putrefactive processes occurring in wood under the destructive influence of pathogenic microflora. In addition, they are able to preserve the physical and technical characteristics of the processed material, as well as restore the healthy natural color of unpainted wood.

If wood damage is at the initial stage, then you can use Bioshield 1. After the treated surfaces have dried, they can be painted or finished with other decorative materials.

In case of severe damage to the tree by mold or lichen, it is necessary to use the Bioshield 2 product.

Both of these compositions are well suited for processing wood used in the construction of log bathhouses and houses.

• “Prosept 50” is a domestically produced bleaching antiseptic “medicinal” product for wood. The composition perfectly removes foci of biological damage, including gray plaque, restoring the healthy color of the tree in literally 25-30 minutes, preserving its structural structure.

The penetration depth of this composition is 3 mm. And within 12 hours after applying the antiseptic to the wood, it can be painted or glued. insulation material or wallpaper.

"Prosept 50" is an environmentally friendly solution, so it can be used for both external and internal treatment of wooden surfaces. In addition, they are even processed wooden pallets on which food products are transported and stored.

Prices for wood bleach Prosept 50

Wood bleach Prosept 50

In order for the solution to remain in the structure of the material for as long as possible, it is recommended to additionally coat the surfaces with the preservative antiseptic agent “Neomid 430 eco” or “Neomid 440 eco”. These funds will eliminate the possibility of recurrence of foci of biological damage.

• "Neomid 500" - this whitening antiseptic is similar in its characteristics to the previous product. However, its cost is significantly higher, so it is not so popular among builders.

The solution is an environmentally friendly product and can be used for internal impregnation of wooden surfaces. The product is most often used by professional builders to treat wooden log houses bath buildings and residential buildings. Its drying time after application is 24 hours.

• Whitening antiseptics from the Sagus company are water-based. They are designed for radical removal of any type of damage caused by black mold and wood-staining fungus from unpainted wood. Solutions are also used to impregnate logs and timber for the construction of bathhouses and houses.

"Sagus" produces three types of whitening compositions - "Standard", "Profi" and "Light" :

- “Standard” is a solution of deep and rapid penetration into the structural structure of wood fibers. It is used at the first manifestations of mold, the appearance of lichen or moss, as well as darkening of the material as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

- “Profi” is a composition that can cope with more serious damage to wood. In addition, it is suitable for impregnation of surfaces built from mineral building materials (brick, gas silicate blocks and so on .).

Wood is a favorable environment for the emergence and development of colonies of fungus and mold. The risk of their occurrence is especially high if the wood is constantly exposed to moisture. Once a lesion appears, getting rid of it is not easy, since it penetrates the structure of the wood fibers, destroying their integrity.

To prevent this process, a protective composition is used that prevents or stops the growth of fungal colonies. If microorganisms have captured large areas of wooden surfaces, then antiseptics should be used only after therapeutic measures, which are carried out using special means - fungicides.

In addition to protecting against such damage, this type of product can repel insects harmful to wood, which can turn it into dust in a very short time. It should be noted that there are many varieties of tree beetles. But if you take preventive measures in time, none of them will be harmful to wooden products.

Below we will consider the most popular protective antiseptics from various manufacturers.

• Senezh is a domestic manufacturer that supplies excellent compositions for wood processing to the construction market. A wide range of similar products is offered for wooden parts in any area of ​​the building and with different functionality, including a purely protective antiseptic effect.

Such products include the Senezh Bio solution, which is capable of fixing the natural protective qualities of wood. The compositions are made on a water basis; they well impregnate the wood structure, forming a three-level protective threshold. Fully suitable for both external and internal surfaces of buildings.

In addition to solutions that make the material resistant to mold and tree beetle, this manufacturer produces compounds that make wood more resistant to fire, high moisture and ultraviolet rays.

• "PAF-LST" is a domestically produced antiseptic water-soluble paste made on the basis of fluorine and lignosulfate. The manufacturer promises that the product can increase the service life of wood to 30 years or more.

The paste is intended for processing wood used for the construction of load-bearing and enclosing structures. Moreover, even raw wood can be processed. The preparation is odorless, and when applied it paints the wood a dark pistachio color, creating a rough layer on its surface. This antiseptic option is chosen if the elements it treats are not planned to be painted.

- “Homeenpoisto +” - These are special tablets that are used to prepare a solution to remove mold and prevent their formation. The composition can be used to treat old and new, external and internal, wooden or mineral surfaces.

The treatment process with this substance is carried out before dyeing. The tablets dissolve in ordinary water, and then the resulting solution is applied to the surface using a spray bottle. The product is given a certain period for a more intense effect on the affected areas of the material. Then the surface is treated with a brush or foam sponge, after which it is washed clean water and dries. After drying, the surface must be painted immediately.

- “Homeenpoisto 1” is an antiseptic jelly-like product designed to remove lesions from wooden surfaces and further protect parts from recurrent processes. The solution is made on the basis of hypochlorite, so it is intended for external use only.

High-quality and reliable antiseptic “MOKKE” is offered by the Russian manufacturer LKM-color. The product is intended for treating wooden facades and other external surfaces. The reliable composition of the antiseptic guarantees effective protection of wood from rotting, fungus, lichens, and various insects for up to 45 years.

Fire retardants - fire retardant solutions

Due to the fact that wood is a highly flammable material, it requires special fire-retardant treatment, which will increase the resistance of lumber to fire. Formulations for these purposes are called fire retardants, and they are produced in liquid, paste and powder forms.

• Impregnations are aqueous solutions designed for deep penetration into the wood structure.
• Varnishes form a protective transparent and thin film on the surface, which will protect the wood from rapid heating and fire.
• Paints and enamels perform two functions at once - protective and decorative.
• Coatings are paste-like compositions that are not decorative; they are intended only to protect surfaces from open fire.
• Powdered fire retardants are applied to surfaces using special equipment using the spraying method.

Fire retardants are also divided into compositions for surface treatment and deep penetration into the wood structure, as well as solutions for external and internal use. For processing facades they are used weatherproof compositions, and for the interior - environmentally friendly solutions that are resistant to aggressive environments, especially if wooden surfaces in baths or bathrooms are impregnated.

Another important distinctive feature fire retardants is their principle of action, which can be active or passive.

• Active substances are substances that, when heated, can release non-flammable gases that prevent oxygen from reaching the source of combustion. This reduces the possibility of flame spreading.
• Passive fire retardants are solutions that, when the surface of wood is heated, form a layer that protects the structure of the wood when exposed to fire. The compositions have the property of melting at high temperatures, creating a non-flammable “crust”, which, by the way, wastes a lot of thermal energy, which increases the overall heat resistance of the wooden structure.

Fire retardants are included in their product range and are manufactured by the same companies that produce other wood protection products.

• The compositions “Senezh Ognebio” and “Ognebio Prof” are intended to increase the resistance of wood to open fire and protection from biological damage. These preparations are used to treat external walls before painting them. If the protective layers formed by such flame retardants are left uncoated, the substances will quickly erode.

• "Neomid 450" and "Neomid 450-1" are highly effective solutions for protecting wood from biological damage and fire. They are used for application to external and internal surfaces that have undergone mechanical processing, but are not painted or impregnated. film-forming compositions. If they are found on surfaces fungal infections, then before applying the fire retardant they should be treated with bleaching agents.

• "Pirilax" is a bio- and fire-retardant solution intended for impregnation of wood and materials made on its basis, which can be used for external and internal work. The composition perfectly protects the tree from wood-staining and mold fungi, wood-boring beetles. And besides this, it increases its resistance to open fire. In general, thanks to this treatment, the service life of any wooden parts is extended, the risk of cracking is reduced, and deterioration is slowed down.

The composition is compatible with other paint and varnish solutions, so it can be used for painting. The manufacturer of the Pirilax product indicates on the packaging that it provides antiseptic protection for wood for up to 20 years, and fire protection for up to 16 years. Moreover, the composition is an environmentally friendly material, safe for people and the environment.

Fire retardants from other domestic and foreign manufacturers can be found on sale. When purchasing any of them, it is recommended to carefully study the characteristics of the solution and the instructions for its use.

Compositions that provide UV protection

Buildings built from wood lose their original attractiveness over time. appearance, since they are under constant influence of destructive ultraviolet radiation. To protect the facades of wooden houses or bathhouses, it is necessary to timely treat the surfaces with preparations specially designed for this purpose.

Protective agents, which are designed to prevent the harmful effects of sunlight, contain pigments and special additives that reduce destructive effect ultraviolet.

A wooden surface treated with a special product will be protected from damage by ultraviolet radiation for 8–10 years, after which the treatment will need to be renewed. If a colorless solution is chosen for the coating, the coating will have to be renewed every 3–4 years.

If blue discoloration or mold damage is found on the lumber, then before coating them with protective compounds it is necessary to treat with strong antiseptics.

The following compositions can be cited as an example of this type of product.

• "Senezh Aquadecor" is decorative composition, which is not only an excellent antiseptic, but also includes special components - UV filters that absorb solar radiation. Thanks to such components. the wood does not darken, maintaining its original appearance. Senezh Aquadecor is produced in a wide range of colors, which allows you to choose the most suitable shade for coating external or internal surfaces.

• « Biofa 2108" - This is a special solution made in Germany. This product contains microparticles of white pigment, which protect the wood from UV rays. The product can be used to coat interior and exterior wooden surfaces. When applying the solution to wood natural color the material does not change.

The composition is made on the basis linseed oil, which is well absorbed into wood without creating a film on the surface. Due to the fact that the product is oil-based, it is not compatible with aqueous solutions. "Biofa 2108" - This is an environmentally friendly product, so the coating made from it is breathable and does not emit toxic fumes into the environment.

Protective solutions for wood exposed to damp environments

Parts of wooden buildings in contact with the ground, buildings located in regions with traditional high humidity, as well as the internal wooden surfaces of baths and saunas require the use of products specially designed for their treatment.

The oil is quickly absorbed into the wood structure, emphasizing the beauty of its texture. In addition to oil, the product contains a special wax, which is a water-repellent component.

The wax does not peel off from the surface, increases the wear resistance of the wood, makes it hydrophobic, and also prevents the occurrence of mechanical damage. The manufacturer has provided the possibility of tinting the product, the color range of which includes 39 shades.

To protect surfaces in baths and saunas, special compounds are also provided that are designed to withstand high temperatures, steam and moisture. Therefore, if it is necessary to treat surfaces in these buildings or individual rooms, it is worth choosing products whose packaging indicates their specifications:

• "KRASULA® for baths and saunas" is a decorative and protective solution containing natural wax, used for processing both dry and wet surfaces. The functions of this tool are as follows:

— protection of wood from penetration of moisture, dirt, soot, grease, soap solution, as well as from the formation of stains from adhering leaves;

— destruction of existing damage to the tree by mold, algae and prevention of relapses;

— protection from damage by harmful insects, such as wood-boring beetles;

The product has been tested for safety operation during high temperatures. It does not change the natural appearance of the wood and preserves its natural aroma. It is important that the composition does not clog the pores of the material, allowing it to “breathe”.

It is especially important for bath conditions that this is an environmentally friendly solution, safe for the environment and people. It is convenient that it is possible to carry out processing in a humid environment without waiting for the surfaces to dry.

The manufacturer provides a guarantee for wood protection for a period of 7 years in relaxation rooms of baths and saunas, as well as 5 years for the surfaces of washing and steam rooms.

• “PROSEPT SAUNA” is a composition that is a composition of synthetic biocides, made on a water basis. It is used to protect the internal wooden surfaces of baths and saunas from wood staining and wood-destroying manifestations. Prevents the formation of fungal colonies and pathogenic microorganisms on healthy wood. The solution provides reliable protection against moisture penetration into the wood structure at high temperatures.

"PROSEPT SAUNA" can be used not only to protect new surfaces, but also to stop existing destructive processes. The active components of the antiseptic quickly penetrate the wood structure, binding to its fibers. This creates a special resistance of the material to moisture penetration and leaching of the product itself.

This product is used as a base for treating surfaces with oils intended for bath rooms, for painting or tinting.

• "Senezh Sauna" is another solution designed for treating wooden surfaces in rooms where high humidity and high temperatures prevail. Impregnation is environmentally friendly pure composition, which does not release toxic substances into the environment.

Prices for antiseptics Senezh

Antiseptics Senezh

Protective agents for unbarked wood and those with high natural humidity

If fresh wood is purchased for construction, not dried, or a log that has not been cleared of bark, then before laying the material to dry, it is necessary to carry out the process of processing it. For this purpose, it is recommended to use specially designed products that will reliably protect the wood while it is drying under natural conditions.

The preparations used to impregnate such wood have the property of deep penetration into the structure of the material, allowing it to “breathe” and create unacceptable conditions for the appearance of fungal formations and insect damage. Such solutions include “Neomid 420” and “Neomid 46”, “Senezh Insa” and “Senezh Trans”, “Prosept-42” and “Prosept-46”, “Eurotrans”, “BS-13” and others.

Protection for the ends of beams and logs

A specific area of ​​lumber that requires enhanced protection is the end portion of a beam, board or log. Due to the fact that the end has a more porous structural structure, through it moisture is intensively absorbed into the wood, penetrating deep into the products. As a result, in the created favorable microclimate, mold that destroys the material easily forms. In addition, waterlogging in these places leads to the appearance of deep cracks, which sharply reduce the quality of the purchased material, becoming vulnerable points for further damage to the wood. Therefore, for processing this area wooden products were Special antiseptic agents have been developed that are applied to the material being prepared for construction or cladding, or to the ends of the logs or beams of a finished house or bathhouse structure.

The most popular means for protecting the ends of lumber is “Senezh Tor”, which has all the necessary qualities. Moreover, the processing process must be carried out not only for new materials, but also for already commissioned facilities, at intervals of every three to four years.

Preservatives for old painted wood

It is more difficult to save painted wood from biological damage, since getting rid of the old paint and varnish coating is not at all easy. Moreover, even in cases where the coating has cracked and begun to peel off.

In order for the protective agent to show its effectiveness, all layers of paint will have to be removed from the wood. This process can be carried out in several ways - mechanically, using a spatula or a grinder with a nozzle in the form metal brush, and by the chemical method, when special compounds are applied to the surface, softening and peeling off old layers of decorative finishing.

Antiseptics can be applied only after the surface has been completely cleaned of paint layers.

Protective measures are carried out both before subsequent painting of wooden surfaces and when leaving the cleaned material in its natural form.

To treat cleaned surfaces, antiseptics such as “Valtti Techno” and “Homeenpoisto 1” are used, which are able to penetrate deeply into the structure of previously painted wood and protect it from emerging problems. If the surface is completely cleared of old paint, if desired or necessary, it can be bleached to a natural color, while simultaneously performing the necessary “treatment.” The name and description of the whitening compositions were presented above.

What to look for when choosing a wood preservative?

Regardless of the purpose for which an antiseptic is chosen, it is very important when choosing it to pay attention to some points that will determine the quality of the composition and the duration of its protective effect.

• Manufacturer. It is necessary to correctly understand that protective compounds that meet all established criteria can only be produced using high-tech specialized equipment, which is available exclusively from large specialized companies.

As a rule, such enterprises have been operating for decades and have already gained a certain authority among consumers. Therefore, in order not to purchase a low-quality product that will not work properly, it is best to buy a solution from a well-known brand. Of course, you won’t be able to save money on such products, but you can be sure that the protective qualities of the purchased solution will correspond to the description given by the manufacturer on the packaging.

• Duration of effective protection. As established experimentally, antiseptic protective coatings are able to act effectively for no more than two to seven years, depending on their quality. That is, in any case, they will need to be updated over time.

If the manufacturer specifies a service life of 20–40 years, then such a characteristic should hardly be trusted unconditionally. Any, without exception, even the highest quality protective agent is under the influence external factors gradually loses its original properties. The characteristics presented above indicate operational terms manufacturer data. However, when purchasing one or another version of an antiseptic, you need to carefully study the packaging and find out the conditions under which such a period is possible.

• Consumption of protective composition. Many consumers immediately pay attention to the cost of the antiseptic and try to save money by purchasing a more affordable solution. However, it is necessary to look at the material consumption indicated by the manufacturer, since many of them, having a low cost, require high consumption and application in two or even three layers. To be able to navigate this parameter, you need to know that the average varies from 200 to 250 g/m². High consumption can only have fire retardants - here it can be 400÷600 g/m².

If large-scale work is planned, then it would probably be useful to immediately calculate how much antiseptic solution will be needed for the treatment. Calculating the flow rate for any area (for example) usually does not cause problems. It is more difficult when you need to process lumber, timber or boards - many people begin to get confused on these issues.

To make this calculation as easy as possible, there is a calculator below that will carry out the necessary calculations in just a few seconds.

Calculator for calculating the amount of antiseptic composition for processing lumber

The program will calculate the consumption of antiseptic for processing in one layer, taking into account the traditional reserve of 10 percent. It is important that the amount of the finished solution is calculated, since many formulations are sold in the form of concentrates, which must be diluted before use in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

To simplify the task, the quantity of lumber can be indicated either by piece or by volume, that is, in “cubes,” as they are often purchased at bases.

Consumption is indicated by manufacturers either in milliliters per m² or in grams - alas, but there is no unity on this issue. It's okay - the principle of calculation does not change in any way.

Antiseptics for wooden structures and finishing materials must be used. The traditional time-tested material for private construction is wood. Natural ecological purity and ease of processing, price and geographical accessibility and plus excellent performance- all this makes wood one of the main building materials from antiquity to our modern times. Special specific disadvantages of wood due to its living origin have to be minimized different ways, including antiseptic. Antiseptics are needed to ensure the service life of wooden load-bearing elements, decoration and the whole building were sufficient.

One of the main disadvantages of wood, in addition to flammability, is the insufficient resistance of many species to biological negative environmental factors. Wood is an excellent breeding ground for wood-boring insects and many types of pathogenic microflora, and in order to protect wooden structures, not only lumber, but also the finished structure should be treated with antiseptics. There are a huge number of types of antiseptics, and manufacturers make their products on a variety of bases, chemical and natural. The question of the most suitable antiseptic for wood arises sharply both during the construction of a new house and during the repair and restoration of structures with wooden elements.

Classification of wood antiseptics

It is more convenient to classify the types of antiseptics according to the main characteristics: components, scope of application of the composition, functionality.

Antiseptic division by base

Based on the type of base, antiseptics can be classified as water-soluble, oil-based, organic and combined.

Water-based antiseptics

Water-soluble antiseptics are an ancient remedy, often used in everyday life; all the chemical ingredients they contain are safe. Water-soluble agents are suitable for protective impregnation of wood of any species. The composition includes borax, boric acid, sodium salts. The name itself - aqueous composition - indicates what to use this remedy optimal for wooden parts, the surface of which is not exposed to massive action of water, and is not used in a humid environment.

Oil-based antiseptics

Oil antiseptics are among the most popular because they can protect wood in humid environments. The fine-fiber structure of the wood is protected from water after applying the oil solution, and the wood acquires a more saturated natural dark shade. Oil solutions are produced on a water-insoluble base of shale, coal or anthracene oil. The downside of oil antiseptics is zero protection against fire and ignition; the oil not only does not have fire retardant properties, but also burns well itself. In addition, oil-based chemical bases have a strong, specific odor and are therefore not suitable for interior work.

Organic antiseptics

Impregnations based on organic solvents are less popular, but these antiseptics are quite suitable for facades for final painting or other finishing. The film from the organic antiseptic is formed thin, and in addition to the additional advantage of reducing the water absorption of wood, the composition also enhances adhesion wooden surface With paint and varnish materials. They are considered ideal for facades for painting and for impregnation indoors. In addition, all lumber for structures is pre-antiseptic with organic compounds. load-bearing walls- timber, rounded log. The consequence of treatment with these means is grayish-green shades of wood and a negative in the form of an increase in the porosity of the impregnated layers. Some chemical compositions of organic solvents are capable of catalyzing corrosion processes in the metal of embedded parts and fasteners. You should carefully study the manufacturer's instructions and choose an antiseptic taking into account the technology for constructing wall structures, their finishing and possible metal fasteners.

Combined antiseptics

One of the most popular and functional means of protection. They have excellent performance characteristics and are able to provide wooden structures with a high degree of protection against fungus, mold, and pathogenic microflora. Fire retardants are often included in the combined protective agent - the composition contains a component that reduces the flammability of wood. It is also possible to include coloring pigments for aesthetics and to protect the wood from UV radiation. The increased versatility of combined antiseptics is the key to their popularity today.

Types of antiseptics by area of ​​application

The solution can be intended either exclusively for external use, or suitable for processing indoors and on the facade (as well as all landscape forms and elements). The solutions are also clearly divided for structures operating in dry and wet environments.

Solutions for external treatment

Solutions for external treatment provide enhanced protection for wood from a wide variety of negativity, but the “bonus” of using these products is strong defense - unpleasant odors. These antiseptics are used to prepare materials and decorate them. Pros - high stability to environmental aggression: UV rays, high humidity, freeze-thaw cycles, sudden temperature changes of large amplitudes.

Solutions for internal treatment

All components of solutions intended for indoor wood processing are environmentally friendly; without traces of unpleasant odor; release of toxins into the room or harmful substances impossible. But you should be very careful when choosing an antiseptic from the standpoint of internal operating conditions - solutions are designed for different levels of humidity, and detailed information from the manufacturer should be on the packaging.

Classification of antiseptics according to their effect on wood

Based on their effect on wood, antiseptic agents are divided into therapeutic and preventive.

Wood treatment compositions

Medicinal compositions are used if the tree is already affected by fungal diseases, mold, the process of rotting has begun, or the structure is “occupied” by wood borers. To prevent all of the above negative effects, medicinal antiseptics can be used to the same extent. When planning wooden buildings for baths and shower rooms that will operate in aggressively humid environments, the use of medicinal bio-antiseptic agents is justified. Processing the facade from wooden elements is also possible.

Compositions for preventive antiseptics

Preventive antiseptic treatment is used to impregnate lumber in preparation for installation and again during the work process. Experts recommend antiseptic lumber immediately after purchase. The solution can be colorless and not change the natural shades of the wood, or it can be pigmented for additional tint coloring of the treated structure. Antiseptic compositions are especially popular, which can be used as a preparatory primer for the final finishing layer, and even as an independent tinting decorative coating.

Types of antiseptics by functional effect

All antiseptics are divided into bleaching, coloring and protective

Whitening compounds

Whitening antiseptics provide wood with a protective layer and restore the original shades of aged and/or damaged wood surfaces, “rejuvenate” and improve aesthetics. Popular means include:

“Bioshield” line - impregnation is carried out in order to prevent putrefactive processes on surfaces caused by pathogenic microflora. Additionally, Bioshield-1,2 compositions can restore healthy natural colors of unpainted wooden structures. The product marked with the number 1 is used for initial stages damage to wood, and after processing and drying, the elements are painted or decor is performed. Marking with the number 2 indicates the suitability of the product for protection against severe damage to wood by lichens, molds or fungi. All Bioshield compositions are suitable for protecting wooden structures, including the frame of a bathhouse or house.

The domestic product Prosept-50 is therapeutic, destroys biological lesions of the focal type, removes gray plaque and restores the healthy natural color of wood while fully preserving the fiber structure of the living material. The effect of the treatment is noticeable within half an hour after treatment. Prosept penetrates three millimeters deep into the wood, the drying time is a maximum of half a day, then it is painted, covered with insulation, finished with wallpaper or other material - according to the project. In addition to the Prosept product, Neomid preservative compounds are used in order to ensure maximum retention of the medicinal solution in the wood fibers and eliminate the possibility of recurrence of bio-damage. Neomid products vary significantly in cost. Neomid-500 has maximum effectiveness in treating and rejuvenating wooden structures, but the price of this composition is significantly higher than the earlier Neomid products - 430/440. The solutions are classified as environmentally friendly and are used both indoors and outdoors, and also protect bathhouses. Complete drying time is up to a day, depending on the air temperature.

Some bleaching compounds for wood, such as Sagus-pro, are also suitable for treating lightweight concrete porous blocks and bricks. The Sagus-light composition has a milder effect, which is used to lighten decorative wooden elements darkened by solar radiation. The solution has a gentle effect on the wood structure, but fully protects against the appearance of mold.

Protective antiseptic compositions

Antiseptic bio-products can also repel wood-boring beetles and other insect pests, the species of which are countless; but timely prevention radically changes the situation. Dosage forms for wood are produced in the form:

• Solutions - for example, the domestic line of Senezh products
• Water-soluble pastes that have additional advantages in luxurious color shades - for example, PAF-LST, which, according to the manufacturer, ensures an increase in wood resource up to 25 years or more. Colors after processing raw wood- dark green with a beautiful pistachio tint, with a rough layer, a velvet effect. Surfaces treated with paste do not require finishing painting.
• Tablets for solutions, for example, from the famous Finnish company Tikkurila. The packaging is compact, and the composition is prepared in short terms and is used for any surfaces, not only wood, but brick, stone and concrete of any porosity. Apply the composition with a spray bottle, leave for a certain time, then wash off with water and brushes, dry and after drying the treated elements are painted.
• Jelly-like products. The hypochlorite composition for external use Homeenpoisto (Tikkurila) removes lesions from wooden elements with the highest efficiency and provides further protection against recurrence of diseases.

Ends wooden blanks and lumber - boards, logs, beams - require special processing. The fine fiber structure of wood, or, as materials science experts say, the microfibrillar structure of wood, which determines and is created by nature for the nutrition and growth of a living tree, in the “context” of lumber means that water and moisture are absorbed into the ends of the workpieces with high speed. For a log, especially a summer felling, it is not so important whether the tree grows in the forest or is located on a construction site in order to be placed in the crown of the log house: open fibrils perfectly draw in water, and with it microflora. In addition, modern technologies for wooden house construction, unfortunately, do not always follow the ancient rules of architecture. The work is carried out with an electrified tool, and a chainsaw, as carpenters say, leaves the tree unprotected and cuts the fiber tubes cleanly, unlike axes, chisels, chisels and carpenter's tools. hand tools, which plugs these fiber holes (a word from the carpenter’s vocabulary). The “unbonded” fibrils of the log being dried draw in water at an increased rate. And if a living tree has antibacterial protection (especially resinous conifers), then the debarked log is under conditions of strong negative environmental influences, physical and biological.

Protection at the ends is an indispensable condition for good preservation of workpieces. The end of a log or beam of a finished building must not be allowed to create a favorable microclimate for mold and mildew, while at the same time cracking due to inevitable waterlogging. For the ends of wooden elements, special antiseptic compounds have been developed, which are applied to the workpieces in preparation for installation or cladding, and/or to the ends of parts in an already built house, bathhouse, and so on. Among the popular means of protecting the ends of lumber, users name, among others, the domestic composition Senezh - Tor, as having an optimal price-quality ratio. Processing of the ends is carried out not once, but over a period of two to five years.

The manufacturer provides information on the consumption of any wood preservative, but it is also necessary to take into account the quality of the surfaces to be treated, their porosity, the degree of damage and working conditions, as well as the required number of application layers. Approximately: all liquid antiseptics have an average consumption of 200-250 g/sq.m.

In order for all wood products to be well preserved after harvesting and sawing, it is necessary to take a very responsible approach to the issue of antiseptic wood. Fresh wood especially needs antiseptic treatment. The fact is that when harvesting and sawing wood into lumber, beams, boards and logs, the natural protection of the wood is violated and various misfortunes in the form of fungi and mold can befall it.

Our company's opinion

Antiseptics and wood preservatives based on various oils - shale, coal, anthracene, etc. - are quite harmful, odorous and difficult to wash out. After antiseptic treatment with these oils, wood loses its decorative look and acquires unpleasant odors. But on the other hand, the most stringent and high-quality antiseptic treatment of wood occurs.

Organic antiseptics for wood are also difficult to wash out, and also give the wood an aesthetic appearance, but at the same time, of all types of antiseptics, they are the most expensive and after treating wood with them, the fire danger wood.

The cheapest for treating and preserving wood are salt antiseptics, but at the same time they are the easiest to wash out. Their main drawback is the short-lived effect of antiseptic wood.

Fungi and mold cause a lot of problems for timber producers, but it is worth remembering that all these problems can be solved very simply, economically and effectively with the use of effective antiseptics.

The following increased requirements are imposed on wood that is subject to antiseptic treatment. When using antiseptic protective pastes, the wood can have a moisture content of no more than 40 - 50%, and the surface of the wood must be dry. IN winter time the wood should not have ice or frozen snow.

When preserving wood using the hot and cold bath method or in conventional industrial baths, the wood must be air-dry. With all methods of antiseptic treatment, the wood must be cleaned of bark, bast, and dirt, the presence of which prevents the penetration of the antiseptic into the thickness of the wood. Finished products must be antisepticized before they are placed in a wooden structure. Particular care should be taken to antisepticize cuts, joints, joints and other connections of wooden houses, log cabins made of timber and logs.

Expert opinion

For you, we present the opinion of an experienced woodworker and wood impregnator Sergei Sergeevich Kudryavtsev:

In my woodworking practice at enterprises, I have always used antiseptic treatment to protect wood. Antiseptic treatment of wood has always helped to get rid of harmful factors that destroy freshly cut wood. I believe that forced wood preservatives should be used immediately after harvesting and cutting fresh wood. When choosing protective drugs to protect freshly cut wood, I recommend using antiseptic compounds Senezh, KSD, KZD, Omicron, and the Neomid line of drugs!

Useful experience of our buyer. How I antisepticized the wood of lumber, beams and boards during construction wooden house.

Houses made of wood are becoming more and more in demand every year. Their large number of advantages leave few people indifferent. Basically, such houses are built by themselves, because wood is not difficult to work with; it can be easily processed. Due to the high demand for lumber, they are most often harvested with violations. There is not enough time for antiseptic treatment, or it is stored incorrectly and transportation rules are not followed. This can cause many negative consequences. To avoid them, it is necessary to independently carry out antiseptic treatments of lumber, logs, boards, beams during construction.

Consequences of lack of antiseptic wood treatment

If lumber is not treated with antiseptic agents, then in the near future the presence of fungi and mold can be detected on its surface. They will not only spoil the appearance of the lumber. But they will also worsen their strength characteristics, making them unsuitable for construction.

Also mainly due to improper storage, i.e. With the lack of oxygen access to lumber, increased humidity of the air and the wood itself, and positive temperatures, rotting of the lumber begins. They can no longer be used in construction; they already have low strength and, moreover, can infect other healthy lumber. In addition to biological agents, wood can also be affected by insect pests. The damage they cause to lumber is a little less, but they still cause a lot of trouble.

Antiseptic treatment will help cope with all these pests. It must be carried out at the stage of lumber procurement, and immediately before construction. Otherwise, the walls may turn black before construction is completed.

Products suitable for antiseptic lumber

There are many wood preservatives; most people try to purchase imported compounds. But their cost is very high, and in order not to overpay, you can purchase compounds trademark Neomid or Prosept. Their quality is not inferior to imported ones, and in terms of cost they are the most affordable. From their large line of protective compounds for antiseptic lumber, the following are excellent:

• Neomid 46 BiO. Designed to protect planed and sawn lumber during storage and construction from mold, insects, lichens, rot, and fungi. Effective protection after application for 8 months.
• Prosept BiO. The use of this composition will help ensure effective protection of lumber from mold, fungi, algae, moss, and insects. It is a safe composition. Not afraid of the negative impact of the external environment.
• Prosept 46. Can be used to provide protection to lumber of various species from rot, insects, mold, lichens and fungi during transportation and storage. This composition will provide protection for up to 8 months.

Antiseptic experience of our buyer

Hello! Building for yourself wooden house, bathhouse and gazebo, I always used antiseptic treatment to protect lumber. This simple processing process helped the wood during construction to resist the effects of fungi, rot, insect mold and other unpleasant external factors. After completion of construction, I again treated the walls with antiseptic compounds and for many years I was confident in the protection of my wooden buildings. It would, of course, be good if antiseptic treatment was also carried out at the stage of lumber harvesting.

To protect all my structures, I used Neomid brand antiseptic compounds called 46 BiO. Their quality suited me, and the price pleased me. After application, the lumber itself did not change its appearance or quality characteristics. I recommend everyone to use this composition for antiseptic purposes.

Sergey Lesovoy, 42 years old (Stavropol).

Antiseptic treatment of lumber will help prevent many unpleasant consequences and build a log house safe and sound.

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