Do-it-yourself greenhouse from A to Z. Do-it-yourself greenhouse made from scrap materials: save without losing quality

Unfortunately, we live in an era of catastrophically polluted ecology, and the desire of most people all year round Eating organic foods is understandable. Hence the interest of those who have at least some plot of land in their use in the construction of greenhouses.

Construction of winter greenhouses

Greenhouses are different: seasonal or capital, large or small, factory-made or home-made. But they have the same goal - to get an environmentally friendly harvest as early as possible and as large as possible.

Currently exists big choice greenhouses of various designs . It is very difficult for a beginner to understand what to choose and where to even begin construction. How to calculate the area of ​​a greenhouse to obtain the planned harvest, whether a foundation is needed and what kind, how to conduct heating, which roof to give preference to, and much more. So let's start with the basics.

Types of greenhouse structures

Winter greenhouses differ from seasonal ones in many respects.

But the variety of winter greenhouses in terms of architectural design is especially great.

1. Wall-mounted. Good for small winter garden or vegetable garden. Having a common wall with the house allows you to reduce the cost of construction.
2. Arched. The traditional dimensions of such structures are 2 x 4 x 3 m. Low-growing crops, herbs and vegetables feel comfortable in them. For growing climbing and tall plants arched greenhouses unsuitable.
3. Single-slope, double-slope, triple-slope.
4. Farmer's. These are multifunctional devices designed for year-round use in almost all climatic zones. They are distinguished by their large area, sometimes they are entire mini-plantations, allowing for the cultivation of a large volume of products (not only in the ground, but also using the hydroponics method).

Photo gallery: types of winter greenhouses

Wall-mounted greenhouses are small in size and economical to construct It is convenient to grow low-growing crops in arched capital greenhouses
Farm greenhouses are used in all regions and are designed to obtain big harvest The teardrop-shaped gable roof can withstand heavy loads and remove snow well in winter.

But whatever the configuration, it should be remembered that a winter greenhouse is a solid structure with heating and lighting. And frankly speaking, its construction is not a cheap pleasure. On the other hand, once you spend money and effort, you will long years

enjoy quality products throughout the year. And the result of your work will no longer depend on the vagaries of the weather or the soil, but only on your diligence and skill.

Greenhouse thermos: pros and cons

The thermos greenhouse is especially popular among domestic gardeners, primarily because it allows you to get a high yield while minimizing the cost of its maintenance (lighting and heating). It received its name because it is a structure completely isolated not only from atmospheric conditions, but also from cold soil.

The thermos greenhouse fully lives up to its name, because it is a structure isolated from the external environment in which even the most exotic plants can be grown

• Advantages of a thermos greenhouse:
• getting an excellent harvest all year round;
• possibility of use in any climatic conditions;
• high light transmittance;
• good thermal insulation performance (energy savings); ability to for a long time retain heat received through solar energy
• . This is what creates the effect of a thermos;

the ability to grow any crops, even such capricious ones as grapes.

• Flaws:
• labor intensity and cost of construction;

the need to have at least basic skills and understanding of the design of the heating, ventilation and household communications systems.

It is easy to see that this design has more advantages than disadvantages, so in today’s realities this is perhaps the best option for all-season growing of herbs, fruits and vegetables, not only for your family, but also for sale.

Video: do-it-yourself wooden thermos greenhouse

DIY greenhouse construction

1. Before starting construction, answer yourself a number of questions:
2. Do you really need a permanent greenhouse and why?
3. What results do you expect from using it?

Where do you plan to build it? Agree, if you live in a private house and will build a greenhouse on your personal plot - that's one thing, but building a greenhouse on summer cottage , where in winter time

no one lives - that's completely different.

An important criterion is your financial capabilities at the moment and their at least a little security for the future, so that instead of the planned harvest you do not end up with unfinished construction.

If you have thought it over and decided, then there is a certain sequence of construction that you need to know.

Preparing for construction

The amount of materials is calculated individually depending on the size and configuration of the building.

Stages of construction of a winter greenhouse

1. Laying the foundation. The winter greenhouse must be mounted on a foundation. It not only securely secures the structure, but also protects the crops from weeds, and also prevents atmospheric water from the outside from penetrating into the greenhouse. The choice of foundation type depends on the nature of the soil, the depth of groundwater, the availability drainage system on the site and the size of the future building. For small-sized winter greenhouses, any foundation is suitable: block, brick, point, strip, on piles, etc. For large buildings they lay concrete base(sometimes timber is used). When pouring the foundation, soil should be removed from the pit to the depth of the freezing layer (80–90 cm).

   Shallow strip foundation is ideal for small greenhouses

2. For permanent greenhouses, the frame is assembled from a profile pipe, angle, or hat profile. The best is considered to be a corner (galvanized corner profile). Because the hat profile and profile pipe cannot withstand large quantity snow, they are best used in regions with little snow, despite the fact that they are easy and quick to install. The corner profile is assembled without welding using bolts and can withstand snow cover of up to 100 kg per 1 m². The finished frame is attached to the foundation using anchor bolts. They provide sufficient strength and rigidity to the fastening, and the difference in the heat capacity of the materials protects the structure from negative impact heat or severe frost. In order to save money, you can make the frame not galvanized, but aluminum, but here you need to take into account the weather conditions in the region (wind and snow). Aluminum construction may be deformed under their influence.
   

   The metal frame of a winter greenhouse can be reinforced with transverse stiffeners

3. Covering the frame. Most often used:
   
4. Construction of the roof. The most common is a gable shape with a slope of 20–25°. The angle of inclination is individual for different forms roofs. The runoff of rainwater and the bearing capacity of the greenhouse in relation to the snow load depend on it. Therefore, you should not neglect this indicator. Making such a roof yourself is not difficult. To do this, lower strapping bars in the amount of 2 pieces are laid along the side walls. A ridge beam is attached to them using paired rafters. For wooden greenhouses, it is recommended to use timber with a section of 120 x 150 mm for the ridge and trim and 70 x 100 mm for the rafters. In metal greenhouses, the roof is made of the same elements as the main frame.
   

   The angle of inclination of the roof must be selected based on aesthetic requirements and the ability of the greenhouse to withstand layers of snow on its surface

5. Heating device. In fact, heating needs to be decided at the very beginning of construction, since this is perhaps the most expensive and most important expense item. It is heating that allows us to grow crops all year round in our latitudes.

Video: stages of greenhouse construction

1. Greenhouse foundation and frame. First you need to make a base no lower than 90–120 cm. It can be monolithic (solid) or brick (ceramic) at your discretion. Attach a frame (metal-plastic, wood, metal) to it and cover the walls with cellular polycarbonate ( better thickness 8–10 mm). Greenhouse frames must be equipped with transoms for access atmospheric air and, if necessary, equip them with special valves (supply ventilation valves).

   Ventilation windows can be opened manually or using an automatic system that analyzes atmospheric conditions inside and outside the greenhouse

2. Greenhouse covering. Used to cover the frame double glass 4 mm thick or cellular polycarbonate, which has undeniable advantages over glass. First of all, they are that when using polycarbonate, heating costs are reduced, therefore, with current energy tariffs, you can save a lot on the operation and maintenance of the greenhouse.
3. Glazing. If glass is still chosen as the coating, then the scheme for its fastening is as follows. You need to start glazing from strapping beam, moving upward in the direction of the ridge. The glass is placed on putty up to 2 mm thick and secured with wooden (possibly plastic) glazing beads using metal pins. Between the glass itself and the glazing beads, putty should also be applied, for which modern plastic mixtures or sealants are used.

   After the glass is inserted into the frame, it must be coated along the contour with sealant and then secured with a wooden or plastic bead.

4. Water drainage. A canopy will help protect the walls of the greenhouse from water leakage. According to him inside lay a drainage chute through which excess condensate is removed. Use a galvanized profile. A correctly installed canopy should deviate from the plane of the wall by approximately 6–8 cm.
   

   Various canopies and gutters are used to protect the walls of the greenhouse and collect rainwater.

Greenhouse heating

Heating is the most important engineering system for a winter greenhouse. When designing it, it is important to maintain a compromise between economic feasibility and providing the necessary microclimate for grown crops.

For small greenhouses, the usable area of ​​which is within 15–20 m², it is enough to equip them with stove heating.

1. To heat larger greenhouses the following is used: Water heating. This is the most traditional type of greenhouse heating. The system consists of a water heating boiler, pipes (forward and return), as well as expansion tank
   

   . The pipes are placed in the ground or under container racks (if plants are grown in containers rather than in the ground).

2. The water heated in the boiler is distributed through pipes, where it gives off its heat to the surrounding soil

   Electric heating - infrared, cable or air. This type of heat generation is most often used in cases where water supply is burdensome (for example, in summer cottages where water is supplied according to a schedule) or in those areas where there is a preferential nightly electricity tariff. The connection diagram for such heating is reminiscent of a heated floor system - electrical cables are laid at the bottom of the pit, which are covered with a layer of sand and then soil. An undoubted advantage of such heating is additional heating of the soil, and if a sensor and controller are installed, then the required temperature can be maintained automatically without human intervention.

3. Electric heating is produced by cables that heat up when electric current passes through them. IR heating. This is a variety electrical system heating, which is much simpler to implement: greenhouses are placed under the ceiling heating elements

   type UFO or fan heaters. To heat the greenhouse you can hang electric heaters

4. Heating using biofuel. This is the most economical type of heating today. Using biofuel is as easy as shelling pears - organic matter is laid on a layer of fertile soil. Next, you need to provide and maintain the necessary humidity (up to 70%) and aeration (air flow). The waste is subsequently used as humus. The soil and air in the greenhouse heat up due to the decomposition of organic matter:
   • horse manure can maintain temperatures up to 38 °C for three months;
   • cow dung provides heating up to 20 °C for 100 days;
   • straw gives temperatures up to 45 °C, but not for long (within 10 days).

When using organic matter, it is necessary to take into account its acidity level so as not to ruin the soil, and therefore the crop.

Video: water heating of a greenhouse using a gas boiler

Useful systems for increasing greenhouse yields

So, you have made up your mind and decided to have a greenhouse! Then you need to think about illuminating the plants in order to artificially extend daylight hours. This is especially true for northern regions, where natural sunlight is not enough for plant photosynthesis.

It's not difficult to do it yourself. The main thing is to correctly calculate the total power special lamps based on the area of ​​the beds and set the time and duration of operation on the light sensor and timer.

It wouldn't hurt to make it automatic drip irrigation for timely replenishment of moisture to the root system of plants.

The operating principle of such automation is simple; any owner can handle it if desired. Water is drawn into a container where a heating element is installed, and then, using a pump, strictly on a timer, through supply hoses, compensated drippers and root pegs, it is supplied to the plants.

To have fresh fruits, herbs and vegetables all year round, not only on your table, but also to quickly recoup the financial costs of construction, you need to have a greenhouse with a usable area of ​​at least 50–60 m², and ideally 100 m².

Video: building a winter greenhouse

In this article we highlighted the main aspects of building winter greenhouses with your own hands. We hope that now you will be able to quickly build a winter greenhouse and will enjoy the fruits of your labor for many years.

50+ photos of greenhouses with an opening top

Below you can view a gallery of greenhouses with an opening lid that you can make with your own hands. We collected photos from all over the Internet, below we indicated the sources from which we were able to determine the authorship.

How to attach an opening greenhouse lid

How to attach greenhouse arcs or PVC pipes under film

Clamps

We insert it into the ground (Shockingly simple way!!!) The method is that we plant PVC pipes on reinforcement driven into the ground. Wooden rods can be used instead of reinforcement (enough for a season) Click on the photo to enlarge

How to attach film to a greenhouse

The simplest version of a greenhouse made of PVC pipes

Very simple design greenhouse Easy to assemble and just as easy to disassemble. It can be moved, enlarged, reduced.

It's cheap and easy to make .

Step by step photos. Click on them

How to make a greenhouse from willow or cedar branches.

This greenhouse is suitable for those who did not expect sudden frosts.

This mini greenhouse can be done in 45 minutes, according to the author of the photo.

To make the arcs, we used not PVC pipes, but cedar branches, but I think that in our conditions, willow branches will also work. The branches are tied together with nylon thread (it doesn’t matter what) to give it an arched shape. When the arches of branches are stuck into the ground, a block is attached on top of them to give one level, which is also attached to each arch.
To move such a greenhouse to another place, the author advises placing two long bars along the bases of the arcs, then tying each arc to these bars. As a result, we will get something like a stretcher. Taking such a stretcher from both ends, you can quite easily pull our greenhouse out of the ground and move it to another place.
Below you can see step by step photos, to enlarge, just click on them.

Telescopic greenhouse or greenhouse

Here is a very interesting version of a telescopic greenhouse or greenhouse. I moved the arches and nothing gets in the way, below you can see the fastening mechanism, click on it to enlarge.

DIY greenhouse with convertible top

Look at the step-by-step photos of making such a greenhouse. First we make a tray for the soil, then we make a frame on which we will attach the arcs, and which will recline. Then we attach this frame to the pallet on hinges and cover it with film.

Step-by-step photos of production.

Click on the gallery to enlarge

A greenhouse made of straw or hay.

As you can see, the photo shows a greenhouse, the walls of which are made of briquettes (or bales) of straw (hay). A frame with an opening top is simply piled on the straw walls. The film rolls onto the block. Such greenhouses are usually directed to the south. This design helps well when the slope of the soil on your site is directed to the north; in such cases, the sun slightly heats the earth. This kind of greenhouse will help you out in this situation..

(Dew Collector greenhouse system from Roots Up)

The greenhouse condenses up to 80 liters of water per day!!!

Soon, thanks to such greenhouses, Ethiopia will flood the world with food. The greenhouse was created for arid countries to solve the problem of drought.
During the day, steam accumulates in the upper part of the greenhouse. When night falls they open special valves to take in cold air, due to which the water vapor cools and condenses, after which the liquid enters a special storage tank.
Excess water left after irrigation can be used for drinking.

Portable greenhouse (greenhouse) from a barrel

Easy and simple to make (45 minutes)

This portable greenhouse is suitable for growing seedlings, or plants such as parsley, cilantro, etc.

• 2 photos - cut out square holes with a jigsaw to 1 quarter of the circumference of the barrel.
• 3rd photo - a hole with a drill so that you can insert a jigsaw.
• 4 photos - holes in the bottom to drain water from the drainage.
• 5-6 photos - attach handles on the sides for carrying.
• 7-12 photos we attach the film.
• 14 photos - drainage.

The greenhouse can be painted in green color so that it blends into the landscape of the dacha

Portable greenhouse made of film

As you can see from the photo, the greenhouse has a lightweight version. It does not have a massive base; it is attached to the ground with reinforcement fixed to the base. Can be carried on a stretcher using two long boards, nailed to the base. It will be useful to the gardener when there is a need to cover some weak plants during a cold snap.

How to automatically open windows in a greenhouse?

A very interesting and simple design for automatically opening the window depending on weather conditions. The principle is as follows. Between the large (3L) and small (0.5L) jars there passes a tube in the form of a communicating vessel. A large jar is suspended from the base of the greenhouse, and a small one from the window. Moreover, the small one should be balanced with the window in such a way that with a minimum amount of water in it, the window should be closed. In a hermetically sealed large jar when the temperature in the greenhouse rises. water due atmospheric pressure moves into a small jar, opening the window

A simple greenhouse option opening from the side .

As you can see, the design of a greenhouse made of film is very simple. Such a greenhouse can be easily moved and placed in a new location.

Dome greenhouse made from pipe scraps

it's ugly, but it works

The authors of the blog booth555.com moved to a new house, and they had to install their own sewer system. As a result, they were left with a lot of pipe scraps, which were used by an enterprising young family to create this greenhouse. The advantages of these pipes are that they are easy to bend and at the same time stable and easy to nail down.

Look at step-by-step photos of creating a greenhouse.

As I understand from the translation of the article from English, the pipes are attached to wooden crossbars using tape. I didn’t really understand about the film, the film scraps were somehow fastened together, most likely a cord was threaded through the holes, and there is also a hint in the 6th photo.

The film at the bottom is pressed to the ground with bricks, this makes it possible to lift the film up on hot days.

I could not translate the purpose of the star (in the 4th photo), but I assumed that it was attached to the dome to give stability to the structure.

Write your options for assigning a star in the comments.

Recumbent greenhouse made of double-glazed windows or frames

The author of the blog doorgarden.com made such a recumbent greenhouse on his site from a glass door (double-glazed window), which was accidentally hit by a stone from under a lawn mower.
According to the author, such a greenhouse allows him to collect greens for salads in January, well, America, I can’t say exactly what state it is.

Look at the drawing of this greenhouse. Everything is very simple. As we can see from the photo, the double-glazed window is not attached to any hinges; it simply lies, resting against the side board to prevent it from slipping.
The double-glazed window can be replaced with any large glass or window frame.

In summer, in hot weather, when there is no need for such a greenhouse, it can be thrown over the strawberries to protect the berries from birds.

Photo source: doorgarden.com

Attention!!! Important point about greenhouses made from window frames

Whatever frames you have at your disposal, the transparent roof should be made folding (lifting upward), and not hinged or folding, as on the right in Fig. Through any vertical gap, all the warm air will instantly evaporate and the plants will be hit with cold, and the horizontal one can be adjusted with supports according to the weather and local conditions.

What should be the slope of the greenhouse lid???

Note: optimal inclination slope of the roof of a lean-to greenhouse from the vertical (90 degrees) – φ, where φ is the geographical latitude of the place; and (90 degrees)–φ is the angular altitude of the Sun at noon of the spring/autumn equinox. See below about a greenhouse with a heat accumulator.

Source of the last two paragraphs and photos: vopros-remont.ru

Cold greenhouse. (diagram-drawing)

With your own hands

Auto photo of this cold greenhouse Vince Babak, while growing vegetables for the school cafeteria, wondered if it was possible to grow fresh vegetables early winter. After studying the literature on this topic, he created this winter cold greenhouse.

The greenhouse consists of wooden frame and glass lid. The glass of the lid should always be tilted to catch as many rays of the weak winter sun as possible.

The author claims that even in winter in sunny weather, this greenhouse can heat up to very high temperatures, so the lid must be able to open upward. In order to regulate the temperature, a thermometer must be placed in the greenhouse (see photo 5), and there must also be a mechanism for fixing the open lid on different angles(see photo 4).

Vegetables that can be grown in early winter in a cold greenhouse

BUT still, the main secret of such a greenhouse is not in its design, but in the plants grown in it . These should be plants that can easily tolerate cold. According to the author's research, there are five crops: spinach, green onions, mache, claytonia, and carrots can be grown successfully in the northern states of the United States. And also arugula, Escarole, Mizuna, parsley, sorrel, European lettuce, mustard, spinach and turnip.

My advice: Make a cardboard sheet covered on one side with foil. At night, you can cover the greenhouse with this foil, which will reflect the heat coming from the ground back into the greenhouse.

Greenhouse made of window frame and hay

Greenhouse (greenhouse) In a plastic bottle

or "How to grow seedlings if the apartment is cold"

It often happens in our domestic apartments that for growing seedlings the room is not warm enough. A way out of this situation could be a greenhouse like this in a plastic bottle.

When hit sunlight in such a greenhouse, the air in the greenhouse begins to heat up and remains warm for a very long time, even after sunset .

An important advantage will be high humidity inside the bottles and, which will be created due to the heating of pre-moistened soil. This humidity significantly speeds up the process of seedling ripening.

The manufacturing process is simple : cut the bottle, wash it, place the soil with the seeds inside and seal it tightly with tape.

How to make a quick greenhouse with your own hands

Greenhouse made of wooden gratings

The advantages of such a greenhouse:

• - quickly erected
• - stable
• - easy to manufacture

Minuses:

Not suitable for tall plants, but can be used for growing early greens and seedlings.

Russian in-depth greenhouse on biofuels

About Russian pits

The simplest greenhouse is a lean-to greenhouse, sunk into the ground, with biological heating. For its construction, choose a dry, well-lit and sheltered place from the winds. It is desirable that it be a low slope facing south. To protect the greenhouse from the wind, green spaces, fences or special reflective screens, which are installed on the north side, can be used. Particularly convenient are rotating flat screens painted white, which allow maximum use of solar energy. Illumination with reflected light increases the temperature in the beds by 2-3°, which is equivalent to moving your site, for example, from the Moscow region to the black earth regions of the country: Lipetsk or Voronezh.

Note: you can use any flat panels, covered with aluminum foil for baking.

Construction begins with the installation of a frame around the perimeter of the greenhouse made of four sanded logs with a diameter of 10-14 cm. The northern side of the frame should be slightly higher than the south. On the south side, a groove (quarter) is selected in the trim to support the frames.

At one time, the Russian greenhouse was a revelation for European farmers. It was from the “Russian pits” that the nobility of that time received green onions, lettuce, dill, parsley, radishes, and strawberries for the table in winter.

The pit is dug to a depth of 70 cm. In diameter it has the shape of a trapezoid. In dense soils, the walls do not need to be fastened, but in loose and slumping soils, fastening is used horizontal boards. To prevent the greenhouse from being washed away by rain, a drainage ditch is installed around it, which can be covered with wooden shields, making approaches easier.

The most convenient frames for a greenhouse are 160x105 cm in size. They are made from 6x6cm bars, connected with wooden pins for strength, and then properly painted with weather-resistant varnish PF-166 (“6 = c”). Glass is strengthened with putty or glazing bead. To drain rainwater, grooves are cut into the lower sashes.

Biofuel in greenhouses is horse or cow manure.. Horse fiber is considered the best; it gives more heat. It is harvested in the fall. Manure is collected in piles and carefully insulated on all sides with straw, sawdust, peat and covered so that the manure does not freeze. In the spring, before filling the greenhouse, it is transferred to another, looser pile and heated. To do this, make several holes in it and pour a bucket into each hot water, after which the stack is covered with burlap or matting. After two to four days, when the manure warms up to a temperature of 50-60°, the greenhouse is filled with it. The colder one is placed on the bottom, and the hotter one is placed on top and on the sides. After precipitation, a new portion is added in two to three days. The manure should lie loosely, and only at the walls it should be slightly compacted so that voids do not form.

Greenhouses - pits were usually made of 3-4, which ensured year-round use: while 1 pit was warming up after refilling, the rest were producing products. An indispensable condition for the successful operation of a Russian greenhouse is the lining of the entire complex of pits with a clay castle with a drainage ditch, otherwise the biofuel will sour.

To enlarge the photo click on it

After filling, the greenhouse is covered with frames and mats made of matting, straw or burlap. Soil is poured on top of the heated manure - garden or turf soil, compost or fertilized peat. On average, one frame requires 0.2 cubic meters. m of land. It is not recommended to exceed this amount, since under the weight of the earth the manure becomes compacted, the flow of air to it becomes difficult, and it stops burning. For the same reason, you should not over-moisten the soil.

A greenhouse of even such a simple design will make it possible to grow vegetables much ahead of schedule.

Greenhouse layout diagram

where is the best place to put a greenhouse on the site?

The dream of many is to have their own greenhouse on their summer cottage. This design perfectly provides vegetables and herbs all year round with a thorough approach to its construction.

The most simple options greenhouses - from frames and plastic pipes, designed for one season, are quite affordable without major capital investments for construction on a personal plot.

Selecting a location

It is important to determine the functions of the greenhouse from the very beginning. Will it be used only seasonally or all year round? The choice of its location and all subsequent financial costs for its construction will depend on this.

The most important thing in a greenhouse is lighting and maintaining optimal temperature for seedling growth.

Therefore, if the greenhouse will not be used all year round, then you need to find a place for it on the south side so that direct sunlight constantly falls on it and there is no shadow from nearby buildings and trees.

If you plan to maintain a certain level of lighting and heating, then any location will do. In this case, you will have to spend money on heaters and various lamps to create an optimal microclimate inside the greenhouse.

You also need to remember to not overdry the nutrient soil and not slow down the development of seedlings during the period of rapid growth.

The choice of material is an important point

Depending on the type of greenhouse, one or another material will be required for its assembly and installation. The main thing is that it is strong enough to withstand aggressive influences. environment: gusts of wind, heat, precipitation in the form of hail, snow and rain.

The design of the greenhouse is quite simple: a frame is fixed to the mounted foundation, which is then glazed, sheathed with polycarbonate, or an ethylene film is stretched over it.

The foundation can be either deep underground, in a thoroughly dug pit (the so-called “thermos”), or of the same type as for other structures. Simple or complex. It all depends on intentions, financial capabilities and approach to business.

The most popular option is glass, reinforced or simple polyethylene. The more solid the structure, the more time, effort and money must be spent on its construction.

The frame itself can be made of metal, plastic, wood, or from old window frames. Much depends on the available capabilities and imagination. Even from improvised means (the same plastic barrel) some craftsmen manage to build a mini-greenhouse.

Types of greenhouses

The design of the greenhouse is not complicated; any owner, if he has the materials and tools, can make it with his own hands. There are such types of agricultural structures various types- from simple ones, made from improvised means, to more complex ones, with lighting, watering and heating.

Much depends on the purpose of creating a greenhouse. Will it be used for a whole year, or seasonally, temporarily. The issue of its construction must be approached thoroughly and the appropriate site for construction must be selected.

Thus, greenhouses are:

1. Simple, more reminiscent in appearance;
2. Complex;
3. Mobile (temporary, collapsible);
4. Stationary;
5. Made from cellular polycarbonate - from transparent to various yellowish and green shades;
6. From glass;
7. Made from a frame made of plastic (metal) pipes;
8. From old window frames;
9. WITH various shapes buildings (arc, triangular, square);
10. “Thermos” type, placed in a dug deep pit.

Greenhouse covering

After a thorough foundation has been erected and the frame has been built, it is time to think about what will cover the greenhouse. The durability, strength, and reliability of the entire structure will depend on this.

Many owners summer cottages are coming traditional way- glass is used to cover the walls and roof of the greenhouse. This type of coating reliably protects plants from aggressive environmental influences - rain, frost, gusts of wind.

A significant disadvantage is the large weight and load on the supporting structures. Therefore, you need to thoroughly approach the manufacture of the frame, so that later, with a gust of wind or accumulation of snow on the roof, the greenhouse does not collapse at once and destroy the seedlings.

Simplest, inexpensive option– the use of polyethylene film. It can be either reinforced, more durable, or simple. We have a low weight, so the frame does not experience increased loads; it can be made of metal-plastic pipes that bend well in any direction and are strong enough for this type of structure.

Cellular carbonate of various shades favorable for plant growth has become very popular for covering roofs and walls. It is also lightweight, durable, reliable, has good noise insulation and tightness.

In terms of use, glass and polycarbonate are durable. While the polyethylene film becomes dull under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, loses its ability to transmit sunlight, and is destroyed. If the greenhouse is designed for seasonal, temporary use, then something like this will do. inexpensive coating. If it will be used all year round, then the issue of choosing a coating must be approached thoroughly so that the plants feel good in the cold season and develop normally.

Design

As already mentioned, greenhouses can be simple or complex. In terms of design features, they also differ from each other. Before you decide to build any of its varieties with your own hands, you need to study the available drawings and sketches in detail in order to be aware of what you have to deal with.

According to their appearance, greenhouses are:

• In the form of a huge box, covered with old window frames or covered with polyethylene, made of a simple arc frame, made of metal-plastic pipes;
• Spacious rooms, reminiscent of an elegant house;
• Reaching half the height into the ground.

It is important to observe inside the greenhouse temperature regime, periodically water growing plants. Therefore, when the issue of construction is approached thoroughly, then at the planning and marking stage it is determined in advance what lighting, heating, fertilization and watering will be like.

For greenhouses small sizes designed for seasonal, temporary use, placement in direct sunlight is suitable, which will both heat and stimulate the growth of seedlings.

When it is a separate building, then you need to carefully think through everything down to the smallest detail, so that during the cold season no unforeseen problems arise and the plants do not die.

Thus, when the need arises to build a greenhouse on your site, you need to decide for what purpose and how often it will be used. It will depend on this appearance, construction costs.

Many go the simple route - they knock together a large wooden box, make a metal-plastic arc frame, and stretch polyethylene film over it. Or they simply cover it with window frames. This is the simplest, budget option.

More complex options require serious financial costs. But the greenhouse will ultimately resemble a comfortable house in which plants can live around the clock for a whole year, delighting their owners with greenery and juicy fruits.

Photo examples of do-it-yourself greenhouses for a summer residence

A greenhouse built with your own hands on the site is a source of pride for a gardener and a guaranteed opportunity to get environmentally friendly food to the table. early vegetables, greens, berries. Homemade greenhouses and hotbeds are made of wood, metal, and scrap materials; the structure is usually covered with polycarbonate, sometimes with film - this is a more budget-friendly option.

The main types of homemade greenhouses - design, materials, features

Before you make a greenhouse with your own hands, you need to decide on the shape, materials, type of structure, make a project or drawing, and select a site for construction.

Design features

Most Popular homemade designs have the form:

• arched;
• rectangular under a single-, gable-, arched roof;
• pyramidal;
• round, trapezoidal, multifaceted, such products are often made from scraps of material.

A homemade greenhouse can be free-standing or adjacent to a house, bathhouse, or garage.

We offer interesting experience For gardeners, how to make a greenhouse with your own hands, the video informs in detail what should be taken into account when building in regions with a cold climate.

Materials

The easiest way is to make a wooden greenhouse with your own hands; depending on the size, timber with ribs of 50-150 mm is suitable for rafters pitched roof – edged board 40*100-150 mm. Sometimes on wooden frame arrange an arched roof, it can be made using a special technology from wood, or welded metal truss from pipes 20*20,40,60, 25*25, 40*60 mm, with a wall thickness of 1.5-2 mm.

A homemade greenhouse made from a profile pipe is considered more reliable and durable, but it will require welding machine. It is advisable to make the base from a 60*40 mm profile. If there is no equipment, then you can make it collapsible/dismountable metal structure, in this case the parts are secured with bolts. More often, a greenhouse made of metal is crowned with an arched truss; buildings with a pitched rafter system made of wood are less common.

Lightweight and inexpensive structures can be made from plastic water pipes, but they are inferior to wooden ones and metal products in terms of strength and reliability. A homemade greenhouse made from old window frames is perhaps the most economical option, they are usually installed in summer cottages.

After assembling the frame, the home greenhouse is covered with polycarbonate or film with your own hands.

Homemade polycarbonate greenhouse, rectangular structure under an arched roof

Dimensions

A homemade greenhouse made with your own hands should be ergonomic for ease of working in it. The dimensions are determined by the needs of the owners, but it is important to consider the format of the sheets with which the structure will be sheathed:

• height 1.9-2.4 m;
• width -3 m;
• length – 2, 3, 4, 6.12 m.

Advice: The height of the arched structures is 1.9 m, which is inconvenient when organizing raised beds. To ensure comfortable work in a homemade greenhouse with a height of 1.9 m, it is recommended to install it on a foundation with a high base of 300-400 mm.

Foundation

A homemade greenhouse can be installed on the ground, but in order for it to stand firmly and last a long time, it is necessary to make a foundation:

• Tape, not recessed, height 400-700 mm, width 300-400 mm - rubble, brick, block, monolithic concrete, made of bars. Suitable for flat areas.
• A columnar foundation is economical, does not require much time, the supports can be made from pipes - cement-asbestos, metal, rolled from roofing material, laid out from brick, stone, or simply placed under the frame flat stones, foam concrete blocks.
• The pile foundation can be screwed or driven; it is made mainly in swampy, relief areas. Screw piles It is advisable to use for a recessed foundation with a monolithic concrete, wooden, metal (channel) grillage, under a permanent structure. For a homemade greenhouse, you can cut a channel or corner 700-1000 mm long and hammer it in.

Good to know: Pile foundation it cannot be tripled in rocky areas; if the soil is quicksand, swampy, loose, then you will have to drive the piles to solid rock.

Scheme of how to properly make a strip foundation

Project

To clearly understand how to make a greenhouse with your own hands, you need to complete a construction drawing:

• determine a place on the site - open, preferably level, without tall plants and buildings, draw a plan;
• choose the type of foundation;
• choose the direction of location, it is recommended from east to west along the length;
• draw a frame, indicating the dimensions, key components - gables, side elements, doors, vents, roof, think about fastening methods.

Based on the drawing, you should calculate the amount of materials.

Drawing of a homemade polycarbonate greenhouse, optimally - take a ready-made standard project and modify it based on individual requirements

Do-it-yourself greenhouse - from theory to practice

We will have a homemade greenhouse made of wood 3*4 m, under a gable roof, total height 2.6 m + foundation made of timber 100*100 mm. We will make the frame from 50*50 mm bars. Next, step-by-step instructions on how to properly make a greenhouse.

How to make a foundation

We clear the site of plant debris, stones, and roots. We make markings: we hammer pegs in the corners, pull the rope, check the marking geometry, the diagonals must be equal. We remove soft soil, a layer of 200-400 mm over the entire area of ​​the pit (you can only along the perimeter to form a trench 150-200 mm wide). We level the bottom, if we cover high groundwater with geotextiles, this will prevent siltation. We fill in crushed stone 100-200 mm, sand 100-200 mm, tamp. We retreat 100 mm from the external size of the perimeter in the corners, hammer in reinforcement 700 mm long, and deepen it 400-500 mm into the ground.

We saw down the ends of the 100*100 mm bars, make a recess 100 mm in length, 50 mm in width. We prepare a homemade solution in a 1:1 ratio of bitumen + waste, coat the wood well on all sides, and additionally wrap it in polyethylene and roofing felt. On the site, we insert the sawn ends of the timber into each other, check the angle of 90°, inner part must rest against the clogged fittings. We drill 2 beams through and tighten them anchor bolts, additionally reinforced with galvanized corners on self-tapping screws.

How to make a foundation from timber

Frame

There are two ways to assemble the frame:

• make gables, sides, trusses on the ground and then install on the base;
• gradually assemble the greenhouse on the site - this method is most preferable for home-made greenhouses; each part can be adjusted to the location.

Important: All wooden elements must be impregnated with a foam-absorbing composition and antiseptics.

How to make vertical posts for a homemade greenhouse

We install corner vertical posts - timber 50-100*50-100 mm, height 2-2.1 m. You can use:

• metal glasses for timber, they are pre-attached to the foundation;
• make cuts;
• fix the supports on galvanized corners.

For strength, we cut out a block 1 m long, cut the edges at an angle, and make jibs.

An example of how to make a jib

We install intermediate racks, the recommended distance from each other is 1.5-2 m, but taking into account the format of the covering sheet, cellular polycarbonate is 2100 mm wide, which means the racks must fit exactly under the edge of the sheet. For strength, it is better to install supports every meter.

We check the geometry of the supports with a vertical plumb line, then we make the top trim that will hold the frame together. We divide vertical stand in height into 2-3 parts, install transverse elements, fasten them to the corners with self-tapping screws.

Rafter system

It is better to make trusses on the ground, then install them on a frame. The distance between the rafters is 600-1000 mm; for a homemade greenhouse 4 m long you will need 5 pieces, 2 end, 3 intermediate.

We cut the bottom belt, timber 5 pcs. 3 m each, central perpendicular – 5 pcs. 0.5 m each. We make a T-shaped part. We take the timber, apply it to the finished element, mark the corner, and file it. Apply it again, mark the other end, cut it off. Using this template we make the rest rafter legs. We assemble a wooden truss using self-tapping screws.

Homemade greenhouses, photo of how to make a simple wooden farm

We install the trusses on the frame, align them flush with the frame, and fix them on galvanized corners. We make a ridge on top.

Do-it-yourself greenhouses, in the photo, how to install a rafter system

Windows and doors

In a homemade greenhouse, a certain microclimate should be maintained, the optimal humidity is 70-90%, the temperature is 20-40 o C. Therefore, it is necessary to make vents. We cut 4 beams to the size of the opening, tighten them around the perimeter with brackets, install hinges and fasten them to the frame. It is better to equip them with automatic lifts; you can buy a ready-made mechanism or make it yourself.

For proper ventilation, the area of ​​the vents should be 25% of total area homemade greenhouse

The doors are installed from the pediment; for winter homemade greenhouses it is recommended to attach a vestibule. Door size:

• width – 700-900 mm;
• height – 1900-2000 mm.

The frame is made according to the same algorithm as the window; for reinforcement we add 1-3 transverse crossbars. Next, we measure the outer perimeter, add 3-5 mm on each side, and make a frame for the door. We invest ready-made elements into each other, install the hinges, mount finished design to the pediment.

How to make a greenhouse yourself, ready-made frame

Polycarbonate sheathing

We cut the sheets to size, first attach them to the roof, then sheathe the sides. You can attach it in 2 ways:

• Joint to joint through a connecting strip with a plug, edges on thermal washers.
• Overlap by 100 mm, on thermal washers.

On the gables, we make the carbonate and frame flush; on the sides, the sheets should be 50 mm larger. How to make polycarbonate on the roof:

• on the ridge we connect through a corner plastic profile, you can make a homemade ridge or strips of galvanized steel bent lengthwise at the desired angle;
• the lower edge should have an overhang of about 100 mm, which we seal with a special perforated tape.

Watch an interesting way to sheathe homemade polycarbonate greenhouses; in the video, a craftsman shares his experience on how to best secure the sheets.

Also watch the instructions on how to make a greenhouse with your own hands; the video describes in detail the stages of building a homemade arched structure from rebar.

In this article we highlighted the main aspects of building winter greenhouses with your own hands. We hope that now you will be able to quickly build a winter greenhouse and will enjoy the fruits of your labor for many years.

50+ photos of greenhouses with an opening top

Below you can view a gallery of greenhouses with an opening lid that you can make with your own hands. We collected photos from all over the Internet, below we indicated the sources from which we were able to determine the authorship.

How to attach an opening greenhouse lid

How to attach greenhouse arcs or PVC pipes under film

Clamps

We insert it into the ground (Shockingly simple way!!!) The method is that we place PVC pipes on reinforcement driven into the ground. Wooden rods can be used instead of reinforcement (enough for a season) Click on the photo to enlarge

How to attach film to a greenhouse

The simplest version of a greenhouse made of PVC pipes

A very simple greenhouse design. Easy to assemble and just as easy to disassemble. It can be moved, enlarged, reduced.

It's cheap and easy to make .

Step by step photos. Click on them

How to make a greenhouse from willow or cedar branches.

This greenhouse is suitable for those who did not expect sudden frosts.

This mini greenhouse can be done in 45 minutes, according to the author of the photo.

To make the arcs, we used not PVC pipes, but cedar branches, but I think that in our conditions, willow branches will also work. The branches are tied together with nylon thread (it doesn’t matter what) to give it an arched shape. When the arches of branches are stuck into the ground, a block is attached on top of them to give one level, which is also attached to each arch.
To move such a greenhouse to another place, the author advises placing two long bars along the bases of the arcs, then tying each arc to these bars. As a result, we will get something like a stretcher. Taking such a stretcher from both ends, you can quite easily pull our greenhouse out of the ground and move it to another place.
Below you can see step-by-step photos; to enlarge, just click on them.

Telescopic greenhouse or greenhouse

Here is a very interesting version of a telescopic greenhouse or greenhouse. I moved the arches and nothing gets in the way, below you can see the fastening mechanism, click on it to enlarge.

DIY greenhouse with convertible top

Look at the step-by-step photos of making such a greenhouse. First we make a tray for the soil, then we make a frame on which we will attach the arcs, and which will recline. Then we attach this frame to the pallet on hinges and cover it with film.

Step-by-step photos of production.

Click on the gallery to enlarge

A greenhouse made of straw or hay.

As you can see, the photo shows a greenhouse, the walls of which are made of briquettes (or bales) of straw (hay). A frame with an opening top is simply piled on the straw walls. The film rolls onto the block. Such greenhouses are usually directed to the south. This design helps well when the slope of the soil on your site is directed to the north; in such cases, the sun slightly heats the earth. This kind of greenhouse will help you out in this situation..

(Dew Collector greenhouse system from Roots Up)

The greenhouse condenses up to 80 liters of water per day!!!

Soon, thanks to such greenhouses, Ethiopia will flood the world with food. The greenhouse was created for arid countries to solve the problem of drought.
During the day, steam accumulates in the upper part of the greenhouse. When night falls, special valves are opened to draw in cold air, which cools and condenses the water vapor, after which the liquid enters a special storage tank.
Excess water left after irrigation can be used for drinking.

Portable greenhouse (greenhouse) from a barrel

Easy and simple to make (45 minutes)

This portable greenhouse is suitable for growing seedlings, or plants such as parsley, cilantro, etc.

• 2 photos - we cut out square holes with a jigsaw in 1 quarter of the circumference of the barrel.
• 3rd photo - a hole with a drill so that you can insert a jigsaw.
• 4 photos - holes in the bottom to drain water from the drainage.
• 5-6 photos - attach handles on the sides for carrying.
• 7-12 photos we attach the film.
• 14 photos - drainage.

The greenhouse can be painted green to blend in with the landscape of the dacha

Portable greenhouse made of film

As you can see from the photo, the greenhouse has a lightweight version. It does not have a massive base; it is attached to the ground with reinforcement fixed to the base. It is carried as if on a stretcher using two long boards nailed to the base. It will be useful to the gardener when there is a need to cover some weak plants during a cold snap.

How to automatically open windows in a greenhouse?

A very interesting and simple design for automatically opening the window depending on weather conditions. The principle is as follows. Between the large (3L) and small (0.5L) jars there passes a tube in the form of a communicating vessel. A large jar is suspended from the base of the greenhouse, and a small one from the window. Moreover, the small one should be balanced with the window in such a way that with a minimum amount of water in it, the window should be closed. In a hermetically sealed large jar when the temperature in the greenhouse rises. Due to atmospheric pressure, water moves into a small jar, opening the window

A simple greenhouse option opening from the side .

As you can see, the design of a greenhouse made of film is very simple. Such a greenhouse can be easily moved and placed in a new location.

Dome greenhouse made from pipe scraps

it's ugly, but it works

The authors of the blog booth555.com moved to a new house, and they had to install their own sewer system. As a result, they were left with a lot of pipe scraps, which were used by an enterprising young family to create this greenhouse. The advantages of these pipes are that they are easy to bend and at the same time stable and easy to nail down.

Look at step-by-step photos of creating a greenhouse.

As I understand from the translation of the article from English, the pipes are attached to wooden crossbars using tape. I didn’t really understand about the film, the film scraps were somehow fastened together, most likely a cord was threaded through the holes, and there is also a hint in the 6th photo.

The film at the bottom is pressed to the ground with bricks, this makes it possible to lift the film up on hot days.

I could not translate the purpose of the star (in the 4th photo), but I assumed that it was attached to the dome to give stability to the structure.

Write your options for assigning a star in the comments.

Recumbent greenhouse made of double-glazed windows or frames

The author of the blog doorgarden.com made such a recumbent greenhouse on his site from a glass door (double-glazed window), which was accidentally hit by a stone from under a lawn mower.
According to the author, such a greenhouse allows him to collect greens for salads in January, well, America, I can’t say exactly what state it is.

Look at the drawing of this greenhouse. Everything is very simple. As we can see from the photo, the double-glazed window is not attached to any hinges; it simply lies, resting against the side board to prevent it from slipping.
The double-glazed window can be replaced with any large glass or window frame.

In summer, in hot weather, when there is no need for such a greenhouse, it can be thrown over the strawberries to protect the berries from birds.

Photo source: doorgarden.com

Attention!!! An important point about greenhouses made from window frames

Whatever frames you have at your disposal, the transparent roof should be made folding (lifting upward), and not hinged or folding, as on the right in Fig. Through any vertical gap, all the warm air will instantly evaporate and the plants will be hit with cold, and the horizontal one can be adjusted with supports according to the weather and local conditions.

What should be the slope of the greenhouse lid???

Note: the optimal slope of the roof slope of a lean-to greenhouse from the vertical (90 degrees) is φ, where φ is the geographic latitude of the location; and (90 degrees)–φ is the angular altitude of the Sun at noon of the spring/autumn equinox. See below about a greenhouse with a heat accumulator.

Source of the last two paragraphs and photos: vopros-remont.ru

Cold greenhouse. (diagram-drawing)

With your own hands

Auto photo of this cold greenhouse Vince Babak, while growing vegetables for the school cafeteria, wondered if it was possible to grow fresh vegetables in early winter. After studying the literature on this topic, he created this winter cold greenhouse.

The greenhouse consists of a wooden frame and a glass cover. The glass of the lid should always be tilted to catch as many rays of the weak winter sun as possible.

The author claims that even in winter in sunny weather, this greenhouse can heat up to very high temperatures, so the lid must be able to open upward. In order to regulate the temperature, a thermometer must be placed in the greenhouse (see photo 5), and there must also be a mechanism was made to fix the open lid at different angles (see photo 4).

Vegetables that can be grown in early winter in a cold greenhouse

BUT still, the main secret of such a greenhouse is not in its design, but in the plants grown in it . These should be plants that can easily tolerate cold. According to the author's research, five crops: spinach, green onions, mâché, claytonia, and carrots can be grown successfully in the northern states of the United States. And also arugula, Escarole, Mizuna, parsley, sorrel, European lettuce, mustard, spinach and turnip.

My advice: Make a cardboard sheet covered on one side with foil. At night, you can cover the greenhouse with this foil, which will reflect the heat coming from the ground back into the greenhouse.

Greenhouse made of window frame and hay

Greenhouse (greenhouse) In a plastic bottle

or "How to grow seedlings if the apartment is cold"

It often happens in our domestic apartments that for growing seedlings the room is not warm enough. A way out of this situation could be a greenhouse like this in a plastic bottle.

When sunlight enters such a greenhouse, the air in the greenhouse begins to heat up. and remains warm for a very long time, even after sunset .

An important advantage will be high humidity inside the bottles and, which will be created due to the heating of pre-moistened soil. This humidity significantly speeds up the process of seedling ripening.

The manufacturing process is simple : cut the bottle, wash it, place the soil with the seeds inside and seal it tightly with tape.

How to make a quick greenhouse with your own hands

Greenhouse made of wooden gratings

The advantages of such a greenhouse:

• - quickly erected
• - stable
• - easy to manufacture

Minuses:

Not suitable for tall plants, but can be used for growing early greens and seedlings.

Russian in-depth greenhouse on biofuels

About Russian pits

The simplest greenhouse is a lean-to greenhouse, sunk into the ground, with biological heating. For its construction, choose a dry, well-lit and sheltered place from the winds. It is desirable that it be a low slope facing south. To protect the greenhouse from the wind, green spaces, fences or special reflective screens, which are installed on the north side, can be used. Particularly convenient are rotating flat screens painted white, which allow maximum use of solar energy. Illumination with reflected light increases the temperature in the beds by 2-3°, which is equivalent to moving your site, for example, from the Moscow region to the black earth regions of the country: Lipetsk or Voronezh.

Note: You can use any flat panels covered with aluminum foil for baking.

Construction begins with the installation of a frame around the perimeter of the greenhouse made of four sanded logs with a diameter of 10-14 cm. The northern side of the frame should be slightly higher than the south. On the south side, a groove (quarter) is selected in the trim to support the frames.

At one time, the Russian greenhouse was a revelation for European farmers. It was from the “Russian pits” that the nobility of that time received green onions, lettuce, dill, parsley, radishes, and strawberries for the table in winter.

The pit is dug to a depth of 70 cm. In diameter it has the shape of a trapezoid. In dense soils, the walls do not need to be fastened, but in loose and slumping soils, fastening with horizontal boards is used. To prevent the greenhouse from being washed away by rain, a drainage ditch is installed around it, which can be covered with wooden shields, making approaches easier.

The most convenient frames for a greenhouse are 160x105 cm in size. They are made from 6x6cm bars, connected with wooden pins for strength, and then properly painted with weather-resistant varnish PF-166 (“6 = c”). Glass is strengthened with putty or glazing bead. To drain rainwater, grooves are cut into the lower sashes.

Biofuel in greenhouses is horse or cow manure.. Horse fiber is considered the best; it gives more heat. It is harvested in the fall. Manure is collected in piles and carefully insulated on all sides with straw, sawdust, peat and covered so that the manure does not freeze. In the spring, before filling the greenhouse, it is transferred to another, looser pile and heated. To do this, make several holes in it and pour a bucket of hot water into each, after which the stack is covered with burlap or matting. After two to four days, when the manure warms up to a temperature of 50-60°, the greenhouse is filled with it. The colder one is placed on the bottom, and the hotter one is placed on top and on the sides. After precipitation, a new portion is added in two to three days. The manure should lie loosely, and only at the walls it should be slightly compacted so that voids do not form.

Greenhouses - pits were usually made of 3-4, which ensured year-round use: while 1 pit was warming up after refilling, the rest were producing products. An indispensable condition for the successful operation of a Russian greenhouse is the lining of the entire complex of pits with a clay castle with a drainage ditch, otherwise the biofuel will sour.

To enlarge the photo click on it

After filling, the greenhouse is covered with frames and mats made of matting, straw or burlap. Soil is poured on top of the heated manure - garden or turf soil, compost or fertilized peat. On average, one frame requires 0.2 cubic meters. m of land. It is not recommended to exceed this amount, since under the weight of the earth the manure becomes compacted, the flow of air to it becomes difficult, and it stops burning. For the same reason, you should not over-moisten the soil.

A greenhouse of even such a simple design will make it possible to grow vegetables much ahead of schedule.

Greenhouse layout diagram

where is the best place to put a greenhouse on the site?