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Homemade gearbox for a motor cultivator. Reliable homemade gearbox for walk-behind tractor

Homemade gearbox for a motor cultivator. Reliable homemade gearbox for walk-behind tractor

An indispensable assistant A walk-behind tractor is used for cultivating small plots of land. So useful device You don’t have to buy it, you can make it yourself. A person who knows how to work with iron is quite capable of making not only the chassis and controls, but also a homemade gearbox for a walk-behind tractor, and attachments.

The walk-behind tractor is designed for work related to land cultivation, and less often for transporting small loads over short distances.

The walk-behind tractor is designed for work related to cultivating land, occasionally transporting relatively small loads over short distances. A parameter that reflects the performance and scope of application is engine power. There are light walk-behind tractors with engine power up to 1-5 Horse power(hp) and heavy ones, which can have an engine with a power of up to 10 hp.

Attachments determine the nature of the operations performed. According to the method of its fastening they are distinguished:

  1. Motor cultivators - working tools are installed on the drive axle of the engine through a gearbox, the traction force is carried out due to the active rotation of these tools.
  2. Wheeled walk-behind tractors - attachments are mounted on a holder bracket, the traction force is provided by the drive wheels.

Purpose and types of gearboxes

Diagram of the angular gearbox of the walk-behind tractor: 1 – retaining ring, 2 – adjusting ring, 3 – bevel gear, 4 – adjusting rings, 5 – bearing, 6 – intermediate gear shaft, 7 – upper housing, 8 – output shaft, 9 – adjusting rings , 10 – bearing, 11 – bevel gear, 12 – retaining ring, 13 – boot cup, 14 – boot, 15 – cuff, 16 – adjusting rings, 17 – lower housing, 18 – adjusting gasket, 19 – bearing, 21 – cover , 22 – gear, 23 – gear, 24 – shaft.

An important element of the walk-behind tractor design is the gearbox. It transmits torque from the engine shaft to the working tool or wheels of the unit, depending on the design. Thanks to the features of the device, torque is not simply transmitted, but is amplified with a simultaneous reduction in the number of revolutions of the driven shaft.

According to their design, gearboxes can be of several types:

  1. Geared. The gearbox consists of shafts with cylindrical and bevel gears mounted on them. By design, gear reducers can be implemented in a straight pattern (torque is transmitted through a spur gear) or angular (a bevel gear is used to transmit torque from the driven shaft directly to the gearbox).
  2. Gear-worm. Used with a vertical engine crankshaft. The gearbox consists of a worm gear and a worm (a metal screw with a large-pitch rectangular thread). A special feature of this gearbox is the transmission of rotation at an angle of 90°.
  3. Chain. Torque from the engine to the gearbox shafts is transmitted by a metal chain that rotates the sprockets.
  4. Belt. It is analogous to the chain method with the only difference that instead of a chain, a V-belt or rectangular belt is used, and instead of sprockets, pulleys with profile grooves are used to hold the belt.

The design of a motor cultivator often uses angular gear-worm or chain gearboxes. Gear reducers are used in the designs of powerful units. The belt transmission method is quite rare, because It is believed that the belts are prone to breaking and slipping from their seats.

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Preparatory work

When making a homemade walk-behind tractor, before starting to manufacture the gearbox, it is necessary to make at least an approximate calculation of it.

Based on the calculation data, we can estimate:

  • gear ratio;
  • gearbox type;
  • torque values;
  • the magnitude of the loads on the shafts;
  • overall dimensions of transmission mechanisms (depending on the type of gearbox selected).

You can make a homemade walk-behind tractor with a gearbox operating according to different principles. However, most often in homemade units Gearboxes with chain transmission are used. This is due to a compromise between the availability of component materials, the reliability of their operation and the relative ease of assembly.

For production you will need:

  • sprockets with a pre-calculated number of teeth, providing the required gear ratio;
  • driven shaft;
  • bearings of the required size for installing the drive and driven shafts;
  • chains of the required length;
  • metal corners for attaching the protective housing;
  • protective housing (crankcase).

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The assembly process begins with the installation of the drive sprocket of the first gear stage on the output shaft of the engine.

The method of fastening the sprocket can be very diverse. Depending on the design of the shaft, the sprocket can be fixed to it using a key, a flange, or sometimes even fastening with spot welding.

The driven shaft of the gearbox can be assembled from two axle shafts. At the ends of the axle shafts, counter flanges must be machined. The driven sprocket of the second stage is inserted into its seat between the flanges, and the axle shafts are assembled into a single unit using a bolted connection.

If possible, you can do it a little easier without using axle shafts and bolts. To do this, the entire shaft is turned on a lathe. Fixation on the shaft will be carried out using a key or, if necessary, welding. A significant disadvantage of this method, compared to the previous one, is that it is less reliable and precise fastening stars.

Diagram of the design and operation of the reducer: a – gas does not flow through the reducer, b – gas passes through the reducer, 1 – fitting, 2, 3 – pressure gauge, 4, 8 – springs, 5 – valve, 7 – membrane, 9 – screw, 10 – chamber, 11 – valve.

In order to protect against dirt and foreign objects getting into the chain drive, the second stage unit of the gearbox is placed in a protective housing. In addition to the function of protecting the transmission, the housing is a reservoir for lubricating fluid, which ensures smooth operation and reduces wear of rubbing parts.

The body of the housing must be provided with coaxial mounting sockets into which bearings are installed to support the shafts. To install the driven shaft, ball bearings in a conventional cylindrical housing are used. The drive shaft is mounted on bearings with an eccentric housing.

Due to the peculiarities of its design, the eccentric can change its position in the seat by an angle of up to 15°. Together with the bearing, the drive shaft will also change its position, thereby, if necessary, adjusting the amount of chain tension.

During operation, the teeth of the driven sprocket of the second stage of the gearbox are immersed in oil poured into the housing. The rotation of the mechanism ensures uniform distribution of the lubricating fluid among the chain drive units.

The tightness of the casing can be ensured by installing standard sealing gaskets and seals on the bearing seats and along the split line of the housing. It is quite easy to select bearing sealing gaskets, because... all sizes in in this case standardized and interconnected.

In the case of sealing the case, the situation is somewhat more complicated. If you use a non-standard product or housing from any old models, it is quite difficult to find gaskets. The solution may be to use specialized oil-resistant sealants.

With correct calculation and careful assembly of all the parts of a homemade walk-behind tractor, the unit will be in no way inferior to its factory counterparts.

In order to increase and improve the efficiency of agricultural production of the agricultural company, agricultural enterprises, farms and ordinary farmers use all kinds of mechanical units. Faithful assistant any farmer, gardener and just a person with summer cottage plot When plowing the land, clearing grass, snow, personal plots and even transporting small loads, a walk-behind tractor is used - a small tractor with control levers. This device is equipped with two wheels and a motor, the power of which depends on the selected model of walk-behind tractor or its modification. Which, in turn, greatly facilitates human labor and reduces the amount of effort required.

The operation of this unit does not require a lot of time and effort, since it is quite simple in its structure. However, for those who do not need the power of a walk-behind tractor, a walk-behind cultivator - its simplified version - is perfect.

The gearbox in combination with the power unit, frame and suspension forms a walk-behind tractor.

This mechanism can be made by hand

Gearbox device

One of the most important and most discussed among fans Agriculture An element of this mechanical device is a gearbox (converter). In the operation of the device, this part plays a role equivalent to the role of the engine.

It is important that, being responsible for transmitting torque to the drive shaft, the gearbox directly affects the durability of the walk-behind tractor. It is also responsible for the speed and movement of the unit.

The main elements of the walk-behind tractor gearbox are:

  • strong metal casing;
  • shafts and gears;
  • stars;
  • bearings;
  • belt or chain drive.

In this video you will learn how to make a gearbox:

The operating principle is as follows: since the main task of the gearbox is the ability to change the rotation speed at the moment of transmitting force between devices. It transmits torque from the drive shaft to driven shafts located at an angle of 90 degrees to it. This is possible through gears whose teeth are made in a specific shape.

Converter classification

Rapid development modern technologies with high demand for agricultural products, it gave impetus to the modernization and improvement of equipment and its elements. The converters also went through certain stages of modification.

Depending on the need for assembly and disassembly, gearboxes can be:

  • non-separable - the production of such spare parts is made from economical and low-quality parts. In this case, the part turns out to be a single whole, and if one of the elements breaks down, the entire mechanism must be repaired or replaced;
  • collapsible - designed for higher quality and more expensive equipment than the previous version. The huge advantage of this particular type of gearbox is that any element can be replaced or removed in the event of a breakdown.


Depending on the type of gearbox transmission, there are the following types:

  1. Angular - responsible for connecting the motor to the transmission. This type is widespread in mechanical engineering in the production of cars and technical devices. Using such a converter opens ample opportunities during operation under high loads. This part can be made with your own hands by choosing the right parts and taking into account possible conditions operation. It is better to purchase a ready-made, factory-made case. It is also necessary to pay attention to the size of the bearings for the shaft. It is important that the load that the entire mechanism as a whole can withstand will depend on what kind of oil was used for the walk-behind tractor gearbox.
  2. Buck - the main purpose of this type of converter is to ensure normal operation of the entire mechanism under increased load. Especially useful for sandy surfaces where wheels can easily get stuck. It is worth noting that a reduction gearbox can be purchased or made by yourself. Assembly of a reduction gearbox is much easier than other types. When using this modification, the number of revolutions decreases. For example, this is very convenient when working with a heavy load or trailer.
  3. Gear – designed for heavy and large equipment. Ideal for motors with a vertical walk-behind tractor shaft. The noise level during operation is low, and the efficiency is high, which sets it apart from other modifications. It should be noted that in order to maintain a normal level of performance, it is important to constantly add oil to the gearbox housing. Quite often, a gear converter is supplemented with a gearbox. This makes it easier to move the unit not only forward, but also in reverse. During reverse, the reverse rotation of the walk-behind tractor occurs, thanks to the control lever. Its main advantage is the guaranteed longer service life of the mechanism.
  4. Worm - if the previous version was used to complete large-scale agricultural equipment, then this representative is for walk-behind tractors, cultivators and other mini-tractors. Guarantees stable operation of the device without unnecessary malfunctions and breakdowns. This modification, like the previous one, is equipped with reverse rotation for reverse gear. Performance increases due to the durability of the material from which the parts are made. Among the main advantages you need to pay attention to:
    • almost silent;
    • lightweight design – 2 main components;
    • fairly long service life of the unit;
    • soft move. These qualities are clearly visible when assembling a worm gear with your own hands.
  5. Chain – the main functional role in this modification is played by a chain (sometimes 2 or more). The operating diagram of a walk-behind tractor with a chain gearbox is similar to the operating diagram of a belt drive in a clutch. The chain is also put on sprockets of different sizes, thanks to which torque is transmitted. This type of chain mechanism is famous for its reliability. The gear chain needs constant lubrication and checking its tension. If the chain breaks, it must be replaced with a new one. The device can also drive in reverse.
  6. Combined is a combination of two types of gears. In one case it can be a worm and gear drive, in another – a cylindrical and worm gear. Depending on the number of gears, the gearbox can be, respectively, single-stage, two-stage, etc. The ratio of the number of teeth of the driven gear to the driving gear in a single-stage modification is seven, in a two-stage version – up to forty, and in a three-stage version – up to one hundred and fifty. This mechanism is the most convenient among all of the above, because with its small size and low price it has excellent characteristics and capabilities.

There are several types of gearboxes

DIY gearbox

Despite the abundance of technical devices, many craftsmen undertake to make a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor with their own hands. This process does not require the use of smart factory machines. It is enough to have a standard set of tools: a grinder, welding fixtures, a drill and different sizes drills, screwdrivers, hammers. Among the parts for the converter itself, you should have shafts and bearings, sprockets with appropriately sized chains, gears and belts.

Preparation

The most important element in assembling a walk-behind tractor gearbox is preparation. Without preliminary calculations, sizing and correct amount crankshaft revolutions, it will not be possible to successfully assemble the gearbox onto a walk-behind tractor.

Calculations are carried out in the following order:

  • determining the engine crankshaft speed. This number cannot always be the same, since if you press the gas pedal, this number will undoubtedly increase. Therefore, to avoid errors and inaccuracies in further calculations, it is necessary to take the number of revolutions + 10%;
  • the next stage is determining the number of revolutions of the suspension axis. We take the wheel size as a basis and use the formula to determine the amount of run-out per full revolution. Next, we design this for the normal speed of the walk-behind tractor - 3-5 km/h.

Assembly

If you have a strong desire, have the appropriate tools, and also have basic assembly and disassembly skills, you can assemble a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor of any modification. However, the lightest would be a chain gearbox. It is easy to assemble, reliable, and the materials for its manufacture are always available.

So, assembling a homemade gearbox for a walk-behind tractor occurs in the following way:

  • can serve as a housing for the product old box gears, or you can weld it yourself metal plates between themselves. The housing is a critical component because it protects the gearbox from mechanical damage, ingress of dirt, dust and other objects;
  • a sprocket must be secured to the output shaft of the motor;
  • then we attach the driven shaft to the sprocket, as before we attached it to the output shaft;
  • if the shaft is formed from 2 axle shafts and the driven sprocket is fixed in the middle, the design will be more reliable. Next, secure everything with bolts;
  • make holes in the protective housing for fastening and connect it to the main structure. It also holds liquid lubricant inside the mechanism;
  • Use sealing gaskets around the edges of the housing.


If all of the above steps are performed correctly, then the gearbox for a walk-behind tractor, made by yourself, will work no worse, or even better, than the factory analogue.

Change of oil

An important element of unit care is maintaining a normal amount of oil in the gearbox. If you lose sight of this point, the remaining old oil can seriously damage the parts. If you notice oil leaks on the outside of the housing, rest assured that this is insufficient sealing or a problem with the gaskets.

It is better to use high-quality transmission oil for a walk-behind tractor.

Attention! The frequency of oil changes depends on the model of the device, its modification, engine size and tank size.

Such data is usually described by manufacturers in the instructions for the mechanism.

General rules for changing oil:

  • 25-50 hours from the start of operation of the mechanism - the first oil change;
  • 100-250 hours from the start of operation or after 1-2 years of storage is the normal frequency of checking the oil.

The most important part of the walk-behind tractor is the drive. It is the main one of all the elements presented in the walk-behind tractor. Therefore, when the need arises to purchase a gearbox, all of it further work, and even the functionality of a walk-behind tractor depends on quality.

A gearbox for a walk-behind tractor is a certain type of device capable of transmitting and appropriately converting torque, for which mechanical transmissions are conductors. Accordingly, agricultural machinery will work more productively.

How to make a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor with your own hands

Two types of gearboxes, called worm gearboxes and chain gearboxes, have several small but quite important differences. They are contained in the characteristics that are inherent in the two types, but gearboxes operate with different factors: efficiency, angular speed, number of gears, as well as shafts, ratio between gears.

Gearboxes for walk-behind tractors, what are they?

When you have walk-behind tractors that are relatively cheap, they are often equipped with simplified assembly gearboxes that are not dismountable.

In this case, the service life is significantly reduced. Any additional features, including: repair, and accordingly assembly, replacement of parts, or disassembly, to check the condition of the unit.

This means that the material from which the gearbox itself is made is very Low quality. Most of the parts presented in the assembly will not be sleeved. The gearbox diagram will allow you to present not only the principle of its operation, but also determine its service life.

Expensive walk-behind tractors have gearboxes with a more complex structure and the possibility of further assembly and disassembly. Maintenance can be carried out by correcting all problems in the operation of the gearbox. Repairs must be carried out in order to extend the service life of the unit. It is important to replace faulty parts with other, more expensive elements. Lubricating the gearbox also extends its service life.

In most cases, the gearbox serves as a speed converter. That is, the angular velocity quickly and qualitatively goes to low. The input shaft will show a high angular velocity, but the output shaft will already be low.

Unforeseen breakdowns are prevented by constant and high-quality maintenance. With a stepwise variation in speed, the gearbox is called a conventional gearbox. In the case when it does not work according to a step system, it is called a variator.

Homemade bevel gear for walk-behind tractor

In principle, the gearbox does not have a very intricate structure; it is quite possible to assemble it yourself. First, make the correct calculation in rated power (Pn);Pn=Pe(hp)xFS. This will allow you to make a choice in favor correct angle, which needs to be determined for the bevel gear. According to this principle, not only the number of possible revolutions in one minute will be calculated, but also the torque will be calculated.

A self-made gearbox needs to determine its operating conditions. Among them there is radial load, or axial load, which is present on the shafts at their ends. Its operation will be optimal if the temperature and type of lubricant are selected correctly.

After completing all the above steps, you can proceed to assembly. You can choose a factory case. The diameter of the housing will tell you what kind of housing the bearings for the shaft will have. A caliper and a good quality drill will help. Next, we take two bearings under the shaft itself.

It is important to install a steel flange on the front of the gearbox. Accordingly, inside: a bearing, necessarily flanged, and a washer. The flange is attached to the generator itself using screws. The steel key, together with the drive gear and driven gear shaft, must be selected in advance. All nodes connecting to the mechanism, which is a transmission, are connected to the rotary generator. It has a pulley that provides V-belt transmission. It should be secured to the driven shaft using a nut with a spring washer.

Angular gearbox for walk-behind tractor

In the automotive industry, bevel gears are often used. Effective operation is achieved by installing such a unit.

This type of gearbox is needed to ensure coupling of the transmission with the engine itself. You can take a ready-made gearbox and simply modify it.

Main design elements of an angular gearbox

The gearbox has several main elements, including: a flange, a housing from the generator itself, a pulley with a V-belt transmission, a steel washer, a pulley mount, a steel key, a rotor shaft, a flange mount, a flange bearing and others.

Walk-behind tractors with a gear reducer and a reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor

Motoblocks with modern characteristics are quite acceptable for installing a gearbox with reduction characteristics. After all, they are equipped with special air cooling.

Even heavy soil when plowing potatoes is not dangerous for a machine with such a unit. You can provide quick wheel slip and other additional features.

Motoblocks with gear reducer

A gear reducer is quite simple to understand if you look at its transmission. It is a transmitter between the wheels and the engine. The direction in the walk-behind tractor changes.

The gearbox, together with the clutch, is called the transmission. It is often used in heavy walk-behind tractors.

Walk-behind tractor and reverse gearbox for it

The clutch is located strictly between bevel gears, freely located on the main shaft. This is how the reversing circuit in the gearbox is presented, which, if you look at it, is not too complicated.

It only clings to the splines in the gears. This is what allows her to change the direction of the spiral-shaped gear. The cam, or fork, is represented by the clutch itself.

Any owner is able to design not only the chassis, but also Various types do-it-yourself gearboxes for a walk-behind tractor. In addition, if you show ingenuity, you can independently design almost any attached special equipment for expansion functionality this unit.

The walk-behind tractor is designed to facilitate work related to the cultivation of small plots of land.

The walk-behind tractor is an indispensable unit that makes it easier to cultivate small plots of land. This unit, in addition to cultivating land, can be used when transporting small loads over short distances. The main technical parameter that can characterize the performance of the unit is the power of the power plant. There are two types of walk-behind tractors:

  • lightweight, with a power unit of up to 5 liters. With.;
  • heavy, with a power plant capacity of up to 10 horsepower.

Depending on the mounting method attachments These units are divided into:

  • motor cultivators;
  • wheeled walk-behind tractors.

They differ in that on a motor-cultivator the equipment is mounted on the drive axle, while on a wheeled walk-behind tractor there is a special bracket for this purpose.

Purpose and types of gearboxes

One of the most important structural elements of the unit is the gearbox.

The purpose of this device is to ensure the transmission of power and torque from the shaft of the propulsion system to the working attachment or wheels of the unit.

The main part of the walk-behind tractor is the gearbox.

Thanks to the design of the gearbox, not only power and torque are transmitted, but also it is strengthened while simultaneously reducing the number of revolutions of the driven shaft.

According to the design, the gearbox for a walk-behind tractor can be made in several varieties. The main varieties are the following:

  • gear;
  • gear-worm;
  • chain;
  • belt

The gear reducer consists of a housing with shafts placed in it, on which bevel and cylindrical gears are mounted. Such gearboxes can be straight or angular.

Gear-worm gearboxes are used when the crankshaft of the power unit is placed vertically. The gearbox in its design includes a worm gear and a worm, which is a screw with a large-pitch thread applied to it. A special feature of this type of gearbox is the ability to transmit torque at an angle relative to the motor shaft.

Chain gearboxes are structurally composed of sprocket complexes various diameters mounted on shafts, rotation to which is transmitted via a chain.

A belt reducer is an analogue of a chain drive, only pulleys are used instead of sprockets, and a belt drive is used instead of a chain drive. The pulleys used in the belt reducer have special profile grooves that provide belt retention.

Most often, the gearbox is installed on a walk-behind tractor of the gear-worm or chain type. Powerful walk-behind tractors use gear-type gearboxes. Belt-type gearboxes are quite rare in walk-behind tractors, since belts tend to break and slip when the load on the unit increases.

Carrying out preparatory work

Before you start designing homemade design, you need to carry out a calculation, as a result of which you can determine:

  • gear ratio;
  • type of construction;
  • the magnitude of the torque indicator on the input and output shafts;
  • the value of the loads exerted on the device shafts;
  • Dimensions of transfer devices.

You can make a homemade walk-behind tractor using chain-type gearboxes in its design. Use of this type of gearbox in homemade walk-behind tractor is a compromise option that ensures the availability of parts with relatively high operational reliability and ease of assembly.

To carry out work on assembling a walk-behind tractor structural element, you will need to purchase:

  • sprockets with a pre-calculated number of teeth that provide the required gear ratio;
  • driven shaft;
  • bearings necessary for mounting the unit shafts;
  • chains to ensure chain transmission;
  • metal corners to ensure installation of the protective housing;
  • housing for protection.

A homemade gearbox is assembled only after preparing all the required technical components of the structure.

Carrying out assembly work

Assembling the unit should begin with the procedure for installing the drive sprocket of the unit on the input shaft of the device. The star can be attached to the device different ways. Depending on the type of shaft used in the design of the unit, this structural element can be secured using a keyway connection, a flange connection or using a spot welding method. The driven shaft is assembled from two axle shafts, at the ends of which there are counter flanges. The driven sprocket is installed on a seat located between the flanges, after which assembly is carried out in general design by using a bolt connection.

It is possible to assemble the shaft without the use of axle shafts and bolted joints. For this purpose, using lathe The entire shaft is manufactured. Such a shaft is fixed using a keyed connection or using the spot welding method. The disadvantage of this device is the insufficient degree of fastening of the sprocket.

To ensure protection from the penetration of dirt and foreign objects into the chain drive, the unit is placed in a specially manufactured protective housing. In addition to protecting the gear, the housing acts as a container for storing fluid that lubricates the gear. Lubrication ensures smooth operation and reduces wear of rubbing parts.

Coaxial landing points are made in the housing, into which ball bearings are installed, acting as a support for the shafts. To mount the shaft, ball bearings made in a conventional cylindrical housing are used. The drive shaft is installed on ball bearings that have an eccentric housing. Thanks to this, the eccentric is able to change its position in the seat by 15 degrees; simultaneously with the ball bearing, the position of the drive shaft changes, which allows you to control the tension of the chain drive.

During operation, the oil provides lubrication of the second stage of the device and distributes the lubricant to all chain drive units. The tightness of the housing is ensured by the use of oil seals and seals in its design.

One of the most important elements of a walk-behind tractor is the drive. If you need to purchase a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor, then know that the service life of the entire unit will depend on its reliability. The gearbox for a walk-behind tractor (made with your own hands) is designed to convert and transmit the torque that it receives from mechanical gears and makes agricultural machinery work.

How to make a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor with your own hands

There are several differences between worm and chain gearboxes for walk-behind tractors important characteristics: gear ratio, efficiency, number of shafts and gears, angular speeds and power.

What types of gearboxes are there for a walk-behind tractor?

Non-separable gearboxes are usually installed on cheap walk-behind tractors. The design of such a unit is not particularly reliable. It also has a short service life. In addition, it is impossible to carry out repairs or disassembly and assembly. In the manufacture of such units, low-quality metal and unlined parts are used. In order to understand why it is impossible long time To use a gearbox, you need to familiarize yourself with its diagram.

It is customary to install collapsible gearboxes on expensive walk-behind tractors. Thanks to this, you can disassemble the walk-behind tractor gearbox and carry out Maintenance. The walk-behind tractor gearbox is repaired to increase service life, if high-quality spare parts are used when replacing faulty elements.

It is imperative to regularly diagnose the gearbox in order to repair the necessary unit in a timely manner. The gearbox should also be lubricated regularly, which will allow the unit to be used much longer.
Most often, a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor is used to convert a high angular velocity into a low one. Marked on the input shaft high speed, and the output shaft shows low speed.

To avoid unexpected breakdowns, it is necessary to carry out regular maintenance, which will allow you to operate your agricultural machine successfully. If the angular velocity changes stepwise, the gearbox is called a gearbox, but if the change occurs steplessly, it is called a variator.

Homemade bevel gear for walk-behind tractor

You can make the walk-behind tractor yourself. To do this, you will need to calculate the rated power (Pn); Pn = Pe (hp) x FS, as a result of which it is determined for the bevel gear correct type corner. Torque and revolutions per minute are also calculated.

You also need to determine the operating conditions of a homemade gearbox for a walk-behind tractor, which includes: radial and axial load on the ends of the shafts, minimum and maximum temperatures, determination of environmental conditions, intermittent or non-interrupted operating cycle, type of lubricant.

After defining technical parameters, you can start assembling the bevel gear.
To do this, you need to select a housing for the angular gearbox.

For example, you can use the factory one, from a Ural or Dnepr motorcycle. Then, based on the diameter of the gearbox housing, we make the gear shaft bearing housing from steel. Here we use an appropriately sized drill and caliper. Then, in accordance with the planned dimensions, we select the gear shaft bearings (2 pcs).

On back side we install the gearbox steel flange. It will have a steel washer and a flange bearing inside. Using several screws, we attach the steel flange to the generator housing. Before this, we select the driven gear shaft, steel key and drive gear. All components are connected to the transmission mechanism and the shaft of the rotary generator. The V-belt pulley is located on the transmission mechanism and is attached to the driven gear shaft with a nut and a spring washer.
To assemble a homemade bevel gear, you will need the following tools: calipers and ruler, straight and Phillips screwdrivers, metal drills, files and metal files, wire cutters and pliers, rubber gaskets, a vice and a hammer.

Angular gearbox for walk-behind tractor

Angular gearboxes are widely used in motorcycle equipment: in the automotive industry, modified cultivators, and industry. When installing an angular reduction gearbox on walk-behind tractors, more efficient operation is achieved under heavy loads.


This type of gearbox is usually used to connect the engine to a transmission designed for a chain. The angular gearbox for the walk-behind tractor is made from existing samples, similar ones are installed on Dnepr or Ural motorcycles. Then the gearbox will need to be modified.

Main elements of an angular gearbox

The components of the angular gearbox are: generator housing, flange bearing, rotor shaft, steel washer, steel flange, bevel drive gear, angular gear housing, steel key, pinion shaft bearings (2 pcs), driven gear shaft, steel bearing housing gear shaft, pulley mount, V-belt pulley, flange mount.

Walk-behind tractors with a gear reducer and a reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor

A reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor, in common parlance a speed reducer, is installed on modern air-cooled diesel and gasoline walk-behind tractors. Thanks to this, the user can use the walk-behind tractor on particularly heavy soils for plowing and digging up potatoes. The reduction gear helps with wheel slipping when there is not enough own power.

Motoblocks with gear reducer

To understand what a gear reducer is, let’s look at the structure of the transmission. It transmits torque from the engine to the wheels, and changes the speed and direction of movement of the walk-behind tractor. The transmission consists of a gearbox, differential, gearbox and clutch. Transmission units can be gear, chain, belt, or a combination of one or the other.
The gear transmission consists of bevel and spur gears (gear reducer). It is used on some models of cars and heavy walk-behind tractors. The figure shows the gear transmission of the Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor, which uses a gear reducer.

Reverse gearbox for walk-behind tractor

In a reverse gearbox, reversal is performed according to following diagram: Between the opposing bevel gears, which sit loosely on the drive shaft, is a clutch.

Being in extreme positions, it clings to the splines on these gears. Therefore, when the clutch engages, the direction of rotation of the gear changes. The gears must be of the helical type. The clutch drive mechanism is a traditional fork or cam.

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