Homemade jigsaw machine drawings. How to make a homemade jigsaw

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Many people have known the fun of cutting with a jigsaw since childhood. The technology is simple. But despite the apparent ease and simplicity of the work, you can get very beautiful lace from wood or plastic. This is a very slow process that requires persistence and patience. To make work easier, jigsaw machines were developed. They are functionally divided into two groups: manual and electrically driven.

Jigsaw device with muscle drive

A homemade machine is easy to make. You can find many drawings of this plywood product. Using a jigsaw, your own hands and improvised tools, a simple but functional device is assembled in a short time.

The scope of application of jigsaws is extensive. They are used for cutting figured products from a variety of materials. Machines are also necessary for cutting lumber. In this case, the outer contour of the workpiece remains intact. If you use various files, a homemade jigsaw will work perfectly natural wood, plywood, chipboard, plastic, metal, in particular aluminum.

Examples of do-it-yourself drawings of a jigsaw machine, which operates using muscle power, were repeatedly cited in various Soviet-era magazines.

Files for such a jigsaw machine are produced in the form of a flat blade.

Main parts of the machine:

Bed (A).
A work table with a slot for a saw (B).
A large drive pulley that acts as a flywheel (D).
Small drive pulley. The drive is combined with a crank mechanism (D).
Levers (B).
A pedal that spins the flywheel through the crank assembly (E).
Saw tension unit (G).

The master, constantly pressing the pedal with his foot, spins the flywheel. Through the belt, the movement of the flywheel is transmitted to the second pulley. Which, in turn, causes the crank mechanism with the saw blade to move.

If the flywheel is correctly balanced, without distortions and with a uniform, correctly selected mass, then the file achieves good smooth running. A similar machine for sawing plywood allows you to quickly produce many simple, similar products. The time and effort required for sawing is significantly reduced.

With this machine design, the size of the initial workpiece is limited. It depends on the length of the levers (B). When complicating the pattern, it is necessary to rotate the product around the saw.

Since the foot drive does not ensure a completely uniform stroke and limits the freedom and imagination of the master, most often such machines are replaced with electric ones.

Construction of a jigsaw machine

An electric band jigsaw is a universal household device for making souvenirs, furniture, and various interior items. There are many options for manufacturing such machines. But the main elements on which the quality of the product and ease of use depend are the electric motor and the blade.

Main design elements:

Saw blade.
Crank mechanism.
Drive part.
Belt tension unit.
Stand or work table.
Various auxiliary elements.

Design and principle of operation

Conversion from a hand jigsaw

The first step is to make a working table for the mechanism. A metal sheet or thick plywood is suitable for these purposes. Holes for the cutting tape and fasteners are drilled and sawed out in the worksheet.

The jigsaw table is then placed on regular table. Once secured, the guide rails can be assembled. To reduce vibration, just cut out the rubber gasket the right size and put between jigsaw table and the main surface.

The above design is convenient in that it can be easily disassembled and can be used again as a hand jigsaw.

Since the standard device has springs that tension the saw, a rocker arm is necessary. One edge of the rocker arm is attached to the cutting element of the machine, and the second is under tension from springs. These simple steps will easily turn an ordinary jigsaw into a machine.

When using the device, it is important not to forget to turn off the pendulum stroke before starting cutting.

Assembly from a sewing machine

From sewing machine you can also quickly and easily assemble a homemade one jigsaw machine. Moreover, this device has interesting feature- regulator of the stroke of the nail file, since sewing machines have a speed switch.

First, at the bottom of the machine you need to find a thread weaving knot. To do this, several screws are unscrewed. The cotter pin located inside is knocked out and the drive shaft, which is connected to the thread weaving complex, is removed. After completing this procedure, the top panel is unscrewed. The groove along which the needle rode widens slightly to accommodate the saw blade. The files themselves are shortened slightly to the length of the needle. To fix the saw itself, you can make an adapter. But the easiest way is to grind top part cutting blade and sharpen the bottom. After which you can insert the nail file into place of the needle and get to work.

When working with jigsaws of any type, you should not forget about safety rules. Do not leave the device turned on for a long time without supervision.

If the master has long hair, it is better to pick it up or use a special cap. It is better to roll up the sleeves of your clothes. The room should be well ventilated. In the room where carpentry work is carried out, a first aid kit with emergency aid for cuts must be kept.

Using a tabletop jigsaw you can make furniture, beautiful patterned shelves and much more at home. The mechanism allows you to cut smooth and curved parts from wood, plastic and dense foam materials. In order for a homemade device to fully satisfy the requirements, it is necessary to carefully select a suitable design.

Design and technical characteristics

The device of any model of jigsaw machine necessarily contains:

saw;
crank assembly;
drive unit;
saw tension device;
Desktop;
auxiliary mechanisms.

The material to be processed is placed on the work table. Some models are equipped with a rotating device that changes the inclination of the surface. To make it easier to mark the material with your own hands, graduations are applied to the surface.

How larger size table, the longer the cut can be made. On average, this figure is 30 - 40 cm.

The drive power for a homemade desktop machine is about 150 W.

The crank assembly converts the rotational motion of the drive into reciprocating motion and transmits it to the saw. On average, the frequency of saw blade vibrations per minute is 800 - 1000. The amplitude of vertical movement is no more than 5 cm. Some models allow you to select the speed of movement depending on the properties of the material.

File hand jigsaw can work with wood, plastic with a thickness of no more than 10 cm, having a length of up to 35 cm. For different types The materials and work of the files vary, their width is 2 - 10 mm.

A manual tension device secures the saw blade for uniform sawing; it consists of screw or leaf springs.

Types of machines

Structurally, all jigsaw devices can be divided:

with lower support;
with double support;
on suspension;
with degree scale and stops;
universal.

The most common are models with a lower support. Their frame is divided into two halves: lower and upper. The cutting and cleaning module is located at the top. At the bottom there is a control module, an electric motor, a transmission mechanism and a switch. Allows you to process sheets of material of any size.

Models with double support differ in that there is an additional rail on the upper half of the bed. Such devices are good for creating oversized parts. They are easier to install than the previous option. Both models allow you to process material no thicker than 8 cm. The machine comes with a work table with angle and height adjustment.

Suspended machines are not equipped with a monolithic frame; they are very mobile. During processing, it is the cutting module that moves, not the material. The working module is usually attached to the ceiling with your own hands, so the size of the material is unlimited. Cutting tool moves by hand independently of the bed, creating very complex patterns.

Machines with a degree scale and stops are good for precise work according to drawings. The design allows you to avoid errors. Universal jigsaw machines can perform several operations associated with cutting: drilling, polishing, grinding.

Making a machine yourself

Homemade drawing table jigsaw: 1 — rocking insert (2 pcs.), 2 — earring (2 pcs.), 3 — table, 4.6 — screws, 5 — rod, 7 — eccentric, 8 — base, 9 — earring axles, 10 — upper rocker arm , 11 — rocker axis, 12 — wing, 13 — cross member of the tension screw (2 pcs), 14 — tension screw, 15 — rocker stand, 16 — lower rocker arm, 17 — box, 18 — double-ribbed pulley, 19 — intermediate shaft, 20 — stand bushing, 21 — table plate, 22 — bearing with cover (2 pcs.), 23 — electric motor pulley.

In the drawing of a tabletop machine made by yourself, the number of components must be kept to a minimum, these are: a rocking chair with a fixed saw, a bed and an electric motor. You can take a motor from an old electric machine.

Owners of a manual jigsaw are luckier. You can make a stand from a sheet of plywood and attach a jigsaw to it. To attach the jigsaw with your own hands, you will have to make holes in the base of the tool. The most simple model ready.

Now about the more complex and functional ones. The stand is made by hand from 12 mm plywood, thick plastic or textolite. It consists of a base, a box for housing the engine and mechanisms, and a work table. On the other side we place a rocking chair with an eccentric. They connect with each other metal plate with bushing bearings. The entire structure is secured with screws. To mount the intermediate shaft, prepare a pair of bearings. A double-strand metal pulley is placed on the shaft as tightly as possible, and the screw connection is secured. You can make an eccentric in the same way.

To change the amplitude of movement of the rocker, four round through holes with threads are made on the eccentric flange, located at different distances from the axis. By changing the installation location of the screw, the range of movement of the rocking chair is adjusted. It consists of a pair of wooden rocker arms hinged to a stand. The rear ends of the rocker arms contain through cuts; tension screws are inserted into them. A file is attached to the ends at the front and is movable due to metal hinges. Before fastening, the file is inserted into the groove work surface table.

The mechanism for attaching the file is very important. When making a homemade device with your own hands, you should pay special attention to it. The inserted rocker plates bear constant loads when moving, so they are rigidly fixed and tightened with Grover screws and washers. The fastening earrings should not be strongly compressed by the screws, allowing the hinge axis of the plate to move.

What to do when you need a jigsaw but don’t need to buy one? You can make a jigsaw with your own hands. There are many ways to make or repair such a tool. Let's look at the simplest and most accessible of them.

Manual jigsaw - simple, fast and affordable

How to make a jigsaw quickly from available and inexpensive materials? Here's the easiest way.

List of tools and materials:

plywood sheet (10 mm);
plywood sheet (4 mm);
steel sheet (2 mm);
bolts and nuts;
drill;
chisel;
sanding paper;
file.

The base of the manual jigsaw is a bracket; it should be made from a plywood sheet (10 mm). Next, it is recommended to make thickenings for the tool handle from more thin plywood(4 mm). These thickenings must be glued to the handle on both sides, which will ensure more convenient operation in the future. Treat the bracket and handle well with sanding paper and a file. It is necessary to cut out the steel plate with a chisel, and then clean the clamping jaws with a file. After this, drill slots in the jaws with a drill, and then use a sharp chisel to cut notches inside the clamping jaws. In the left clamping jaw, modify the slot for the bolt; for this you need to make a thread. Attach the jaws to the bracket, then screw the bolts into the left clamp, securing them with nuts.

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Table jigsaw: two manufacturing options

The desktop fixture can be made either new or by modifying or repairing improvised means.

Making a new benchtop mechanical jigsaw will require the following tools and materials:

duralumin pipe;
plastic base;
clamps;
screws;
copper sheet;
drill.

First you need to prepare the frame; for this purpose it is better to use an aluminum pipe. When making the frame, it is necessary to provide a passage through which the cord will be laid to provide power. A copper sheet should be taken to make a U-shaped frame, which will subsequently need to be attached to the frame itself. At the junction of the frame with the jigsaw handle, screw the frame with screws. In the plastic base, use a drill to drill a hole for the file, as well as slots for fasteners. Attach the jigsaw to the prepared plastic so that the file passes through the hole. Using clamps, attach the finished tool to flat surface, for example, to the table.

A hand-held device based on sewing machine, This perfect option, if repairing a sewing machine is not as important as making such a tool. List of tools and materials:

sewing machine (you can use either a foot- or hand-operated model);
file;
needle file;
drill.

After unscrewing the bolts at the bottom of the sewing machine, you should remove the entire threading system. Next, knock out the metal fastening rod and remove the drive shaft of the thread weaving system. The panel covering the sewing machine parts can be easily removed by unscrewing 2 more bolts. Carefully remove the needle. Needle slot required minor repairs– it should be expanded so that a file can be placed in it. To do this, it is better to cut the hole using a needle file, focusing on the dimensions of the file itself. After this, adjust its size to the maximum possible needle size by cutting off the top of the file. After grinding down the upper teeth with a file and the lower part on the tip, you can proceed to the next step. The prepared file must be placed in the place of the former needle - in the needle holder. After this, you should turn the wheel and check:

so that the saw does not come into contact with the panel and the presser foot;
so that in the upper position the plywood passes freely under the saw;
so that the material can be drawn smoothly.

This jigsaw is suitable for working with materials made of plywood, balsa wood and plastic, and if you use an electric machine, you will get an electric jigsaw.

For figured cutting on wood, a hand jigsaw was traditionally used - a simple tool with a thin file that allows you to create elegant patterns from wood. Later, a jigsaw machine was invented, working on muscular traction, like a foot-operated sewing machine or a potter's wheel.

The development of technology and the emergence of compact low-power electric motors led to the creation of a manual jigsaw, and then a corresponding electrified machine, which you can make yourself.

Purpose

Stationary units that ensure vertical movement of the saw blade allow you to cut from sheet materials parts of complex shapes, elements with curved edges. If you insert a file into through hole, drilled in the workpiece, you can make a figured contour inside the product.

Using jigsaw machines, workpieces from various sheet materials are processed, including:

solid wood;
plywood;
wood-containing boards (chipboard, fiberboard, MDF);
aluminum;
plastic.

Using a jigsaw machine, you can increase labor productivity and significantly improve the quality of processing of shaped edges of products. This is explained by the fact that the working person has both hands free and can position the workpiece as accurately as possible relative to the moving cutting blade. This is the main advantage of a stationary tool with an electric drive from a manual jigsaw.

Jigsaw machines are installed in school and home workshops; this type of equipment is also used in furniture production and during production musical instruments. Modern laser machines can be used instead of jigsaws, as they provide highest precision cutting along a given contour, but their use limits the effect of the burnt ends of the parts.

Device

The tabletop jigsaw machine consists of the following elements:

bed (supporting structure on which all mechanisms and components are mounted);
Desktop;
electric drive;
crank mechanism (responsible for converting the rotation of the engine shaft into reciprocating movement of the saw);
double rocker (equipped with clamps for saw blades and a tension mechanism).

The machines produced today are mostly designed to use saw blades with a length of 200-350 mm and a working stroke of 30-50 mm. Files vary in width (2-10 mm), thickness (0.6-1.25 mm) and type of shank - they come with pins and without pins. The latter are more convenient, since to cut out the internal contour it is necessary to drill a hole in the workpiece through which the end of the file should pass. If there is a pin, the hole should be noticeably larger. Some models of jigsaw machines allow you to attach both types of files, including old-style ones, from Soviet hand tools. Files also vary in the size of the teeth and their arrangement - it can be straight or spiral.

Tool selection

To choose good machine, suitable for solution specific tasks, you need to pay attention to its power. The main part of the models is equipped with an electric drive with a power of 90 to 500 W. For home use Optimal power is 150-200 W.

An important selection criterion is the presence of two operating speeds of the unit. IN standard version– 600 and 1000 rpm. This makes it possible to select the appropriate mode for working with materials of different densities.

The desktop can be fixed or rotating. Fixing the table at an angle allows you to cut material at specified angles other than 90°. There are also models that provide table height adjustment - this allows you to extend service life file, since you can use different sections along its entire length for work, and not just the central part.

Manufacturers equip jigsaw machines with a variety of options, including:

a compressor to remove chips from the marking line with a stream of air;
drilling block;
illumination of the work area;
guarding the blade (will not allow your fingers to come into contact with the moving saw);
clamping device (prevents vibration of sheet material of small thickness).

Additional options increase the cost of the jigsaw, but do not fundamentally affect its functionality.

Manufacturers

The power tools market includes different kinds jigsaw machines: from devices designed for creative work at home to high-performance models designed for professional use. In addition to machines that use regular saws, you can find band jigsaws on sale.

The list of popular brands includes Bosch, Hegner, Einhell, Proxxon, Makita, DeWALT, JET, Xendoll, Excalibur, Kroton, Korvet, Zubr.

The leader in quality and reliability is the products of well-known German marks Bosch, Einhell and Hegner. In addition, the lines of jigsaw machines include a wide range of models of varying power and configuration, which makes it possible to choose high-quality electric jigsaw for the home, optimal in functionality.

Budget models, including made in China, also performed well. Models of the Korvet, Zubr and other brands are suitable for home use without increased loads.

Before purchasing a jigsaw machine, regardless of its brand, you should definitely conduct tests to evaluate the smoothness of the working part and the noise level, and make sure there are no extraneous sounds and vibrations. It is recommended to compare several models from different brands and purchase the option with the best performance.

Making a jigsaw with your own hands

Homemade machine made to replace regular jigsaw woodworking, is able to ensure high-quality performance of the basic set of operations on figure cutting sheet materials. Depending on the purpose, you can design a compact electric model or a stationary unit designed for high loads.

Materials

As a basic diagram, it is most convenient to use a drawing of a simple wooden jigsaw with a flywheel and pedal assembly and replace the mechanical drive with an electric one. If the machine is intended to be used only occasionally, you can do without a special electric motor. Instead, connect any suitable power tool. It is convenient to use a screwdriver with adjustable rotation speed.

The material used to manufacture the machine itself is wood, and:

it is better to make the frame and the supporting pedestal for the lever bar from high-strength plywood (minimum thickness - 18 mm);
for a lever structure, you need to take dense wood that is not prone to cracking under load - beech or oak (instead of buying bars, you can use straight legs of old chairs of suitable size);
for the crank mechanism, plywood with a thickness of 10-12 mm is required;
For the remaining elements of the structure, pine lumber and various trimmings are suitable.

According to the jigsaw machine diagram, a bed and a supporting pedestal are made. Wood screws should be used as fastening elements, joints wooden elements It is recommended to coat the structures with PVA emulsion. It is important that the structure is strong and there is no play, otherwise the accuracy of the machine will be low.

Parts preparation and assembly

Next, the levers of the required length are cut out, and cuts are made at their ends for fastening the saw. The mount is made of a steel plate 2-3 mm thick, with a pair of holes. The upper hole allows you to fix the plate on the lever, and the lower one is intended for attaching the shank of the file. Fastening elements - screws of suitable diameter and nuts - are more convenient to use wing nuts. The mount is installed on the lower arm in the same way.

At the next stage, the lever system is mounted on the frame. To connect the free ends of the levers, a screw tie (lanyard) is used, which makes it possible to easily adjust the tension of the saw blade.

Note! The length of the files used should be determined in advance, since the size of the lever mechanism depends on this. It is necessary to ensure that the levers are as parallel as possible relative to each other.

The racks need to be fastened together to create a strong support for the flywheel. The axis can be a pin or a bolt of at least strength class 8. The flywheel is connected to the lower lever using a connecting rod made of the same plywood, while the rods connecting to the lever must be metal.

At the next stage, a work table with a rotating mechanism is made - a rotating arc with a slot must be cut out of plywood. The table is installed on the bed. For easy fixation swivel mechanism in the desired position, use a wing nut.

In this model, the electric drive is a screwdriver - to operate it, just connect its chuck to the flywheel axis. You can regulate the speed using a variable-force clamp made of a durable strap and a small clamp (or other screw tightening).

Simple in design homemade machine convenient to use.

Robust stationary design

The design of a jigsaw for professional use is practically no different from a compact one wooden model. It is only important to choose the right materials so that the unit is able to withstand increased loads and does not vibrate during operation.

bed – heavy chipboard;
rack under lever design– hardboard, textolite of suitable thickness;
levers – steel square pipe;
table top - any durable, hard and smooth material.

Elements for fastening the blade (can be taken from an old hacksaw) are soldered to the levers or secured with screws.

You will need a working electric drive with a gearbox that will provide the necessary torque. To start the engine of a homemade jigsaw machine, it is convenient to provide foot pedal(take from an old electric sewing machine or make one using any suitable electric button).

When assembling the structure, they are used metal racks and metal fasteners. Using a metal insert, you can strengthen the fastening of the connecting rod. This will reduce vibrations and reduce wear.

The tabletop has a long working slot to allow rotation around the longitudinal axis.

A spring is provided to tension the web. The lower lever is responsible for the movement of the working blade, the upper one helps to hold the file in a vertical position.

Thus, an electric jigsaw can be assembled on your own using available materials. This will not require serious financial costs, but will only take some time to find materials, necessary parts and assembly.

The idea of creating a homemade jigsaw is most often due to the disadvantages that a factory-made one has hand tool. You can make a small one with your own hands table machine, which will include a pusher, a reciprocating motor, and a saw tension system. In this case, you do not need complex drawings - once you understand the essence, it is easy to achieve the result.

The desire to create a homemade jigsaw may arise for several reasons:

There is no power supply in the workshop, but it is possible to use low-power internal combustion engines.
There are pneumatic motors, but the compressor power is not enough for a serial tool.
The electric motor is powered by batteries or solar panels, the power of the source is not enough to use the power tool.
It is required to obtain saw motion parameters that are unattainable using a commercial tool.

Designing a jigsaw is not difficult. A typical structure looks like this:

The installation is easy to adapt to any torque source. A pair of pulleys (one is located on the engine shaft, the other drives the crank mechanism) allows you to vary the gear ratio, reducing the load on the power unit and allowing you to get the required speed (they are also responsible for the number of saw strokes per minute) on the actuator.

A machine built according to the above diagram may have the most different configuration, the material of manufacture is also selected individually. An example of a finished installation looks like this:

Disadvantages of a manual jigsaw

The manual jigsaw is designed for shaping straight cuts. In this case, as the rollers, rod, and pusher wear out, the saw may wobble, deviate from a straight line, and change the angle of attack. Regardless of the quality of the tool components, the following features are always present:

When the saw becomes dull, there is a deviation from a straight line when cutting material of uneven density (for example, chipboard Low quality). The saw is capable of leaving the cutting line when it encounters a knot in the wood.
When trying to make a curved radius cut, you can observe the following picture: the upper cutting line, which the worker is watching, follows an exact trajectory, the lower one deviates, goes to the side, the radius becomes larger. The higher the wear of the tool and the lower the sharpness of the saw, the more pronounced this phenomenon is.
Some materials cannot be worked using a pick-up or bottom feed of the saw. The carpenter is required to move the tool forward extremely evenly, which is impossible to do very accurately; as a result, the saw beats along the entry and exit path.

It is even more difficult to work with thin saws designed for curved cuts. Without practice, it is very difficult to achieve a good result, especially on thick slabs or wood materials. Let's look at how you can make a carpenter's job easier and the result better.

Standard solutions

The machine is made from a manual jigsaw based on a simple table. This device is common and mass-produced; samples can be seen in the photographs below.

The mechanics of work are simple:

The jigsaw holds the tool clearly, ensuring no interference human factor(the hand may move the jigsaw unevenly).
The presence of a support allows you to move the device without deviations along the trajectory.

With the help of a table, jigsaws begin to cut in a straight line, but the capabilities of such a device are limited. If you remove the side fence and try to guide the workpiece, forming a curved cut, the same problems of saw deflection arise. The problem can be solved by using a simple saw, rigidly fixed with a pair of rollers. Making curved cuts is now convenient and fast. What homemade and industrial products of this type look like is shown in the following photos.

Tension devices for curved cuts

To perform very thin and precise shaped cuts, you can make a jigsaw machine with a tension system saw blade. The idea of creating it yourself is as follows:

A very thin saw is used, ideally for a hand jigsaw.
A clamp is attached to the rod of the power tool, which will tighten the cutting blade.
The trajectory stabilization system will regulate both one freedom of movement and two (horizontal and vertical).

Used as a tension block hand jigsaw clamp, to which an adapter is made, which in turn is inserted into clamping fixture power tool rod. To ensure adjustment of one freedom of movement, a pair of angles and a bolt are used. The result of the idea implementation is presented on next photo.

The saw provides clearly vertical movement, good tension can be created, but there is a mandatory runout in the horizontal direction. The canvas comes with a pick-up and does not move in a straight line.

The development of this idea is in the next photo. Here the part that fixes the trajectory moves, and the metal clamp provides structural rigidity and mechanical resistance.

The system is stabilized in two degrees of freedom, the cut made with its help is neat and precise. By using a diamond-coated cord for a hand jigsaw, you can cut glass without creating messy chips on the edges.

Accessories for extremely delicate work

If you need to act extremely delicately and slowly, you will need to reduce the force by cutting blade and at the same time ensure strong tension and precise movement of the file. For this, a homemade jigsaw is equipped with spacer devices with long shoulders.

In this case, the power tool does not operate in the cutting zone, but at some distance. This allows, depending on the wishes of the carpenter, to regulate the force, speed and amplitude of movement of the saw. One of the options for implementing the idea is shown in the following photo.

Depending on the needs of the master, the structure can be made of steel, have additional fixing zones, and the power tool cannot be installed rigidly, but with the ability to move within its support beam.

In practice, such solutions are rarely used. For delicate work that is performed constantly, it is much more profitable to purchase a specialized band saw, which will ensure quality and productivity.

As can be seen from the presented designs, a jigsaw can even be made from a sewing machine with a moving rod.

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