Project "New California" - myth or reality? Project “Crimean California.

After the first Zionist congress, held in Basel in 1897, Jewish organizations around the world intensified the search for ways to create a Jewish state in Palestine, Africa and South America. Russian Jews did not lag behind, they not only developed a project for the so-called South Russian Republic on the territory of Crimea, Volyn and Podolia with the capital in Odessa, but also made an unsuccessful attempt to implement it in 1905. After that, the project was forgotten and was remembered only after a decade and a half in America.

BOLSHEVIKS AND JOINT – FRIENDSHIP FOREVER

In 1923, a Jewish charitable organization from the United States, the JDC (American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee), proposed to the Soviet government “a project beneficial for the USSR to create a Soviet Union Jewish autonomy", which includes Odessa, Kherson, the northern part of Crimea, the Black Sea coast to Abkhazia and Sochi. In the USA, both this project and this future public education were known as "Crimean California".
To begin with, it was planned to resettle 500 thousand Jews from the western regions of Ukraine and Belarus to the autonomy. In return, the Joint promised the Soviet Union assistance in obtaining large loans and lobbying its interests in the United States.
The Joint's proposals were actively supported by Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev and approved by V.I. Lenin. During the discussion of the project, appetites had to be tempered and a Jewish Autonomous Republic within the RSFSR had to be created only on the territory of Crimea. But even here it turned out to be a “bummer” - J.V. Stalin intervened and insisted that, to begin with, we should limit ourselves only to the creation of a committee for the land management of Jews in Crimea (KomZET), and final decisions accept based on the practical results achieved. The wheel of the Crimean project has begun to spin.
On July 21, 1924, by resolution of the Joint Executive Committee, the Agro-Joint Corporation was created, the main task of which was to settle several hundred Jewish families in the south of Russia in order to determine the possibility of mass Jewish colonization in the USSR.
KomZET was created on August 29, 1924 by decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, with the aim of attracting the Jewish population to productive agricultural work. On the initiative of interested party circles, on January 17, 1925, the Land Management Society of Jewish Workers (OZET) was organized to help KomZET.
On November 29, 1924, Agro-Joint entered into an agreement on organizing the land management of Jews with the Soviet government, on whose behalf KomZET acted. The essence of the agreement was the distribution of costs and responsibilities for land management of Jews between KomZET and Agro-Joint. KomZET provided land and provided some of the financing for the project, and Agro-Joint provided its main financing.
During the 14 years of Agro-Joint’s work in the USSR (until its completion in 1938), new agreements were concluded with the Soviet government (January 31, 1927, February 15, 1929, March 22, 1933), clarifying issues of the organization work, financing, loans, etc.
M. Poltoranin in one of his television interviews stated that during the implementation of the Crimean program, the Joint organization allocated a loan (credit) tied to the implementation of the program. Under the terms of the loan, the Soviet Union received $900 thousand annually for 10 years at 5 percent interest. According to the same conditions, in the USSR, state bonds-shares were issued for the entire amount of the loan, against which almost all of the Crimean land was divided into shares (apparently, the situation that had arisen had no other development options and this was the only possible and optimal one for that period of time solution).
200 people received shares in the Crimean land, including very famous Americans: Roosevelt, his wife Eleanor, Hoover, Marshall. In fact, the loan was taken out against promissory notes, which were backed by the Crimean territory.
The repayment of the loan debt with specified interest was supposed to begin in 1945 and end in 1954 - that’s why 1954 was “critical” for the Soviet leadership, both in terms of political and financial obligations - lenders had to give either money or collateral lands .
The project was illegal and dangerous - since 1921, the Crimean Autonomous Republic already existed with its own constitution. In addition, both the Crimean Tatars and other peoples of the peninsula had plans for the lands of the future autonomy. Thus, the resettlement of Jews there was fraught with the transformation of the peninsula into a hotbed of ethnic tension, which was confirmed by subsequent events.
The resettlement of Jews met fierce resistance from both the Crimean Tatar population and the leaders of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, some of whom, in connection with this, were repressed.
In the rural areas of Crimea, two Jewish national districts were created - Freidorf and Larindorf, but the practical experience of resettling Jews there showed its inconsistency: the bulk of the settlers, faced with opposition from the local population and peasant labor that was unusual for them, returned to their native places. Of the Jews who remained in Crimea, a minority settled “on the ground” - the majority settled in cities (in 1930, out of 49,100 Crimean Jews, only 10,140 people lived in rural areas).
Taking into account these circumstances, in 1934 I.V. Stalin curtailed the Crimean project and made a “knight’s move”: in the east of the country, a special administrative-territorial entity was created for the resettlement of Jews - the Jewish Autonomous Region with its capital in Birobidzhan (so that there were “and the sheep are safe and the wolves are well-fed"). Despite all the social cataclysms, the Jewish Autonomous Region still exists in this status, thereby continuing to solve the original problem.
But the “wolves”, unfortunately, remained hungry. The question of the need for the Soviet Union to implement the “Crimean California” project again surfaced during the Great Patriotic War and the Americans made us an offer that was impossible to refuse...

ALREADY "JEWISH SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC"

In 1942, to organize political and material support from wealthy American Jews in the USSR, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC) was created, headed by S. Mikhoels. The Committee performed its functions quite successfully, but already at the end of 1943, at the Tehran Conference, Roosevelt warned I.V. Stalin that further deliveries under Lend-Lease and the opening of the 2nd front are impossible without the implementation of the “Crimean California” project - this is the demand of the Jewish tycoons of the United States.
And already on February 21, 1944, having returned from the USA, members of the JAC delegation sent I.V. Stalin and V.M. Molotov so-called “Note on Crimea,” which suggested:
"…1. Create a Jewish Soviet socialist republic on the territory of Crimea.
2. In advance, before the liberation of Crimea, appoint a government commission to develop this issue..."
The “note” was left unanswered, but soon, on May 18, 1944, the Crimean Tatars were deported from Crimea, followed by the Armenians, Bulgarians and Greeks on June 26.
In his above-mentioned television interview, M. Poltoranin also demonstrated the Russian translation of D. Marshall’s secret letter to US Secretary of Commerce A. Harriman, written in 1945. The letter sets out the desire of the US President to let I.V. know. Stalin, so that he was ready to relocate the Black Sea Fleet to Odessa and the Caucasus coast, since: “The coexistence on the territory of Crimea of ​​the base of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet and the Jewish Republic, open to the free entry of Jews from all over the world, seems to be an incongruity fraught with unpredictable consequences...”.
Judging by this letter, the issue was studied at the highest level and very serious people were dealing with it.
It is quite obvious that I.V. Stalin was a staunch opponent of the creation of the Jewish SSR. According to the memoirs of Leonid Efremov, a member of the CPSU Central Committee, J.V. Stalin, at the last meeting of the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee during his lifetime, criticized V.M. Molotov in a rather harsh form precisely because he had previously proposed to transfer Crimea to the Jews.
It seems that to divert attention, the USSR carried out some insignificant, demonstrative actions. Real measures to create the Jewish SSR were actually sabotaged - the empty Tatar villages began to quickly be populated by Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian peasants from destroyed villages in the regions liberated from occupation.
Soon the international situation changed - the United States, from an ally, became our adversary in the unfolding Cold War, which allowed J.V. Stalin to sharply reduce attention to their “wants”. In addition, things in the Middle East have turned out quite favorably for us. In Palestine, due to refugees from Europe, the Jewish population almost tripled in 1945-1946, reaching 600 thousand people. Thus, a “critical mass” was formed, which made it possible, instead of a Jewish republic in Crimea, to begin the struggle for the creation of a Jewish independent state in Palestine.
I.V. Stalin actively supported the long-standing Zionist idea of ​​​​creating a Jewish state in Palestine and in 1946 gave the command to supply weapons to the Jews who fought there against the Arabs and British. On May 14, 1948, the Jewish State of Israel was proclaimed. The first country to recognize the Jewish state in full was the Soviet Union on May 17.
But, despite the newfound Palestine, the idea of ​​​​exploiting Crimea among Jews did not die. On September 3, 1948, Golda Meir, appointed ambassador to the USSR, arrived in Moscow. In two weeks, she organized two rallies in Moscow of 50 thousand people each - these were people from Leningrad, Moscow and even Siberia, who demanded to fulfill the promises made to America and give up Crimea.
Soon, on November 20, 1948, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee was dissolved and closed as a center of anti-Soviet propaganda - friendship with Israel ended. At the beginning of 1949, active members of the JAC were arrested and events known as the “fight against cosmopolitanism” began in the country. The events reached their culmination by 1953, but were curtailed immediately after the death of I.V. Stalin, whose death was more like a murder.
The deadline for repaying the debt to the Joint expired in 1954, but the Soviet Union, which was restoring the national economy destroyed by the war, could hardly complete all loan payments on time. A major scandal was brewing, undesirable for both the USSR and the Joint.

KHRUSHCHEV'S CLOSURE OF THE "CRIMEAN CALIFORNIA" PROJECT

N.S. Khrushchev, who came to power, “was in the know.” Using the 300th anniversary of the reunification of Ukraine with Russia as a cover, he transferred Crimea from the RSFSR to the jurisdiction of Ukraine. According to the agreement with the Joint, the transfer of Crimean lands to Jews from the RSFSR was provided for, and Ukraine did not bear any legal responsibility for the implementation of this agreement.
In addition, the Jews already had their own land in Birobidzhan and it seems very likely that all this was still Stalin’s “preparation.”
Thus, the government of the USSR acquired the formal right to close the question of the obligations of the Soviet Union to Jewish organizations in the United States regarding the creation of Jewish statehood in Crimea. And this right was strongly supported by the fact that the USSR had real nuclear weapons: on August 29, 1949, the first Soviet atomic bomb was tested, and on August 12, 1953, we tested the first hydrogen bomb...
For the peoples of the USSR in those years, this action was also an empty formality - there was a single country inhabited by a single Soviet people. At that time, no one could have imagined that Ukraine would become a foreign state for Russia.
No one wanted all the details of the deal to be made public and, it seems, the interested American-Jewish side silently (“money loves silence”) postponed the resolution of this important issue for it until more favorable times.

FOODS FOR CONSIDERATION

The Americans never received the money, but it seems that, if necessary, there will always be “craftsmen” who can justify the penalty interest for non-payment of the loan, and inflate (taking them into account) the amount of debt at the moment to mind-boggling proportions.
The same “craftsmen” will be able to prove that the Crimean land divided into shares continues to be legally pledged by the current holders of shares and bonds issued in the 20s of the last century.
Meanwhile, the “Joint” case on the lands former USSR continues to live.
Since 1991, the “CIS Department” has been operating within the Joint. Judging by the amount of budget funds allocated, the organization is most active in Ukraine.
As of 2006, Ukraine received $41,421,785 (second from Israel, which received $140,616,535).
IN Lately Quite interesting information flashed on some Internet sites. For example, on the website of the Euro-Asian Jewish Congress on October 16, 2009, an article by Joseph Zisels “Restitution of Jewish property in Ukraine: formulation of the question” was published. This article examines various aspects of the topic of former Jewish property in Ukraine and the problems of its restitution (i.e. returning the owners to their heirs or successors). An article “Zazubrina” appeared on the website of the NGO “Zubr” newspaper, which tells how in the second half of last 2013, an initiative group led by A. Rapoport decided to recreate OZET in an updated format and hold the Founding Conference of OZET in April - May 2014 in Crimea (Feodosia). The same website reports that on March 23, 2014, an appeal was announced from the Coordinator of OZET in Ukraine and Crimea, the Head of the Beit Shlan Council (center for religious Zionism) Meir Landau to allied organizations and Jewish communities of Crimea “to gather in the very near future for a conference on the issue restoration of the national and cultural autonomy of the Jewish people in Crimea."
On March 4, 2014, the website of the Association of Jewish Organizations and Communities of Ukraine published “An Appeal to the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin on behalf of the multinational people of Ukraine, on behalf of national minorities, on behalf of the Jewish community.” The document was signed by the previously mentioned Joseph Zissels, Chairman of the Association of Jewish Organizations and Communities (Vaada) of Ukraine, Executive Vice President of the Congress of National Communities of Ukraine, and 36 other equally respected “Ukrainians.”
In the specified “Appeal”:
a) it is argued that Russian-speaking residents of Ukraine are not subjected to humiliation and oppression, their civil rights are not limited and that the stability of Ukraine is under threat emanating from the Russian government, that is, from V.V. Putin;
b) there is a call “not to interfere in internal Ukrainian affairs, to withdraw Russian troops to their places of permanent deployment and to stop encouraging pro-Russian separatism.”
It should be noted that the actions to recreate OZET coincided in time with the main events of the political crisis in Ukraine and it is highly doubtful that this was a mere coincidence.
To confirm doubts, it is also necessary to note:
1. Highest involvement in political events in Ukraine, employees of the US Embassy in Kyiv and senior American leadership.
2. The highest activity shown in the current political events of Ukraine is the head of the United Jewish Community of Ukraine, the head of the European Council of Jewish Communities and the President of the European Jewish Union (EJU) Igor Kolomoisky (2nd in the ranking of Ukrainian rich people in 2013).
3. The highest activity shown by the European Union in matters of restitution in the countries of the former Soviet bloc. After joining the association with the EU, the same awaits Ukraine, whose legislation it will have to follow.
It looks very much like everything has been calculated, people are prepared, positioned and committing necessary actions…
Of course, the authenticity of the second version can be confirmed or refuted only on the basis of relevant archival documents, if any (according to A. Karaulov, M. Poltoranin’s information is based on archival documents).
If the second version is reliable, political events in Ukraine, coupled with measures to revive OZET, can be interpreted as the implementation of a certain plan of preliminary measures to seize the collateral lands of Crimea.
It seems that if Crimea were part of Ukraine, which joined the EU, its collateral lands would be seized by the United States through legal casuistry and restitution.
Experience shows that at present, with the help of brute military force, the United States can trample on any legal and moral norms and do whatever they see necessary with any NON-NUCLEAR power.
Crimea broke out into its historical nuclear missile homeland literally at the very last possible moment - a little more, and the Russian world could have lost it forever.
Judging by the rage that the entry of Crimea into Russia aroused in the United States, it is extremely doubtful that our good comrades - ordinary Jews, with whom we work, ride on trolleybuses and drink vodka in the kitchens, could have gained anything from the Americans confiscating the Crimean deposits lands.
Many events of the past show that ordinary Jews, as a rule, are used as auxiliary, consumables in big games there are very big people who are least of all interested in someone's personal fate.
It seems that the proposed measures to seize Crimean lands, first of all, should solve the global strategic task of organizing some form of absolute American presence on the territory of Crimea - up to the declaration of the peninsula as the 51st American state (like Alaska and Hawaii).
Therefore, dear comrades, Crimea now needs to be defended to the last nuclear warhead.

Lenin and Stalin planned to create a Jewish Republic in Crimea. Next, they pledged the Crimean land to American bankers - Jews by nationality, and then Khrushchev implemented Stalin's plan - he transferred Crimea to Ukraine, so as not to pay the Americans for their debts.

There is a version about the reasons why the Soviet government decided to deport the Crimean Tatars. The most common version at that time was about the USSR’s desire to take possession of the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits in order to move on to Turkey. And the Crimean Tatars apparently interfered with these plans. This is evidenced by the expulsion of Meskhetian Turks from Georgia who lived on the territory bordering Turkey, as well as others Turkic peoples Caucasus: Karachais, Balkars and even Chechens. However, even if such plans existed, they were not destined to come to fruition.

There is another, at first glance, paradoxical, attempt to explain how it happened that almost 180 thousand people did not leave their homes of their own free will. According to this version, Crimea could well become another US state or even what is now called the state of Israel.

Among the many investors who came to Soviet Russia during Lenin's New Economic Policy were representatives of the American financial organization Joint, who began to actively promote the idea of ​​​​creating an autonomous Jewish republic in Crimea. In November 1923, the head of the Jewish section of the RCP (b), Abram Bragin, submitted to the Politburo a draft decision on the creation of not an autonomous, but already a full-fledged Soviet socialist Jewish republic in Crimea. As a result, 132 thousand hectares of Crimean land were allocated for settlers. By 1939, more than 65 thousand Jews began to live in the Freidorf region of Crimea and on the territory of 44 village councils. On February 19, 1929, an agreement was concluded between the Joint, which officially represented the interests of the United States of America in Soviet Russia (there were no diplomatic relations with the Americans at that time), and the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR, according to which the USSR annually received from the Joint about one and a half million dollars. But at the same time, practical Americans demanded guarantees, which were the 375 thousand hectares of Crimean land transferred to them as collateral, registered in shares, the buyers of which were more than 200 US citizens, including the well-known Roosevelt, Hoover, Rockefeller, Marshall, MacArthur.

The money went to Jewish settlers directly through the Agro-Joint bank, bypassing the Soviet budget. They used them to buy equipment, equipment and food. This caused protests from Russians, Tatars, Bulgarians, Greeks and Germans living in Crimea. And at one of the Politburo meetings, Stalin said that this project, called “Crimean California,” does not give the country anything other than national strife. As a result, in 1936, after the Soviet state received a total of 20 million dollars, the project was closed and forgotten, and the funds stopped flowing.

In 1943, at the Tehran Conference, Roosevelt, in a conversation with Stalin, said that his administration would soon have problems with supplies to the USSR under Lend-Lease if the “Crimean California” project was not revived. This is stated by Milovan Djilas, the future vice-president of Yugoslavia. According to him, he was present during the conversation between Josip Broz Tito, who secretly visited the USSR, and Stalin. In response to Tito's question why the Crimean Tatars were evicted, Stalin referred to the obligations given to Roosevelt to clear Crimea for Jewish settlers. At the same time, he perfectly understood that the Americans were insisting on the Crimean project not at all in the interests of Soviet Jews. Stalin put forward the condition that this state entity should be part of the USSR in the status of an autonomous republic, and wanted to receive a 10 billion dollar loan to restore the country's economy. Money was promised, but for this Crimea had to secede from the USSR. Such a proposal was rejected by the Soviet side, and the issue of creating a “New California” was once again not resolved.

In 1954, the deadline for returning the money received for “New California” came. Despite the fact that, in order to repay the debt, the USSR, through the Joint, transferred to Israel a significant amount of captured German weapons for the war with the Arabs, the Americans believed that the payment had not been made in full, and could well have demanded the Crimean lands included in the agreement. And the transfer of Crimea to the jurisdiction of Ukraine, whose leadership, by the way, had long resisted Nikita Khrushchev’s idea, was supposed to be a kind of trick that would complicate the Americans’ attempt to make demands for the transfer of the territory of the peninsula that had been pledged to them.

Be that as it may, the Soviet Union did not capture Turkey, a Jewish state was not created in Crimea, and since 1998, the return resettlement of the Crimean Tatars to the land began, where they formed as a people, becoming, according to words attributed to ex-President Leonid Kuchma , and repeated by another ex-president Viktor Yushchenko, “the only real Ukrainians of Crimea.”

“A son is not responsible for his father,” Joseph Stalin once said, which, however, did not stop him from sending the families of “enemies of the people” to special settlements. However, in no way should the current generation of Crimean Tatars be blamed for the reasons specified in the resolution of the State Defense Committee of the USSR, dated May 11, 1944 and signed by the “leader of all times and peoples,” on the deportation of the Crimean Tatar people to Uzbekistan. But what was the reason for such a step on the part of the Soviet state?

According to the population census, in 1939, 218,179 Crimean Tatars lived in Crimea, who made up 19.4% of the peninsula’s population. The official languages ​​of the ASSR were Russian and Crimean Tatar. The administrative division was based on the national principle. As for the Tatars, there were 144 national village councils and 5 Tatar national districts (Sudak, Alushta, Bakhchisaray, Yalta and Balaklava). Education in schools in such territories was conducted in the Crimean Tatar language. The highest party and Soviet leadership of the autonomy predominantly consisted of Crimean Tatars. In general, there is no need to say that anyone in Crimea was discriminated against by the Soviet authorities on ethnic grounds.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, many Crimean Tatars were drafted into the army. 7 of them eventually became Heroes of the Soviet Union. Among them is the legendary fighter pilot, friend of Pokryshkin, Akhmet Khan Sultan - holder of 2 Gold Star medals, 3 Orders of Lenin, 4 Orders of the Red Banner. The Chairman of the Stalingrad Defense Committee, Crimean Tatar Ablyakim Gafarov, was awarded four Orders of Lenin.

But there is also back side medals. Here is a memorandum from the Deputy People's Commissar of State Security of the USSR Bogdan Kobulov and his colleague Ivan Serov addressed to Beria, dated April 22, 1944: “All those drafted into the Red Army (from Crimea - Author) amounted to 90 thousand people, including 20 thousand Crimean Tatars ... 20 thousand Crimean Tatars deserted in 1941 from the 51st Army during its retreat from Crimea...". IN to a certain extent Such information is confirmed by data for individual settlements. For example, out of 132 conscripts from the village of Koush, 120 deserted at the beginning of the war.

Just six months after the start of the war, Edige Kırımal and Müstecil Ülküsar - representatives of the very large Turkish Crimean Tatar community - visited Berlin and negotiated the creation of a separate Crimean Tatar state. Adolf Hitler reacted favorably to this proposal and authorized the creation of the Tatar National Committee. His task was to organize armed forces from the Tatars who found themselves in the territory occupied by the Reich, of course the fight against the Red Army and the creation under the German protectorate of the “Volga-Ural Tatar state”, or “Idel-Ural”, which was to include the Tatar, Chuvash , Udmurt, Mari and Mordovian autonomous republics and part of the Ural region. And it all had to start with the formation of the Crimean Tatar state in Crimea.

There is numerous evidence that the collaboration of the Tatars, in contrast to the population of the remaining occupied territories, was of the most widespread nature.

Here is what German Field Marshal Erich von Manstein says about this: “...The majority of the Tatar population of Crimea was very friendly towards us. We even managed to form armed self-defense companies from the Tatars, whose task was to protect their villages from attacks hiding in partisans in the mountains of Yayla. The reason that a powerful partisan movement developed in Crimea from the very beginning, which caused us a lot of trouble, was that among the population of Crimea, in addition to the Tatars and other small national groups, there were still many Russians... Tatars immediately They took our side. They saw us as their liberators from the Bolshevik yoke, especially since we respected their religious customs. A Tatar deputation came to me, bringing fruits and beautiful fabrics self made for the liberator of the Tatars "Adolf Effendi".

Both local Muslim committees and the Tatar National Committee contributed to this. Among the specific data, there is information that only the Feodosia Muslim Committee collected a million rubles to help the German army after the defeat of the 6th Army at Stalingrad, the defense of which was led by the aforementioned Ablakim Gafarov.

Already in March 1942, about 4 thousand people served in self-defense companies, another 5 thousand were in reserve. Subsequently, based on the created companies, auxiliary police battalions were deployed, the number of which reached eight by November 1942 (from the 147th to the 154th). In 1943, two more battalions were created. They adopted the slogans of National Socialism creatively. They were the ones who carried out mass executions of Soviet citizens and in many cases, in terms of the activity and cruelty of punitive actions, they surpassed the regular units of the SD (Security Service of the Reichsführer SS - Ed.). The German authorities even had to limit their “enthusiasm” towards the Russian-speaking population of Crimea.

It cannot be stated unequivocally that all of the approximately 20 thousand Crimean Tatars who deserted from the Red Army went to serve the Germans, but Beria’s memo to Stalin reflects that exactly this number served in the German army units in Crimea. However, let’s give him the floor: “The activities of the Tatar National Committee were supported by broad layers of the Tatar population, to whom the German occupation authorities provided every possible support: they did not send them to work in Germany (except for 5,000 volunteers), did not send them to forced labor, provided tax benefits taxes, etc. Not a single settlement with a Tatar population was destroyed... From the deserted Crimean Tatars, a special Tatar division was formed, which took part in the battles in the Sevastopol region on the side of the Germans. The Crimean Tatars who collaborated with the occupiers actively participated in punitive actions. Thus, in the Dzhankoy district, a group of three Tatars was arrested, who, on instructions from German intelligence, poisoned 200 Roma in a gas chamber in March 1942." And in Sudak, 19 Tatars were arrested - punishers who brutally dealt with captured Red Army soldiers. Of those arrested - Osman Settarov, who personally shot 37 Red Army soldiers, Osman Abdureshitov - 38 Red Army soldiers."

And here’s how the Soviet reconnaissance group was not destroyed by the Germans: “On January 9, 1942, in the area of ​​the city. Old Crimea A separate parachute battalion of the Crimean Front dropped a special group of paratroopers under the command of Sergeant K. P. Yurgenson. The cargo parachutes were carried away beyond the city of Agarmysh, and the group was left without a radio station, food and ammunition. For 10 days, 12 paratroopers tried to find the partisans or cross the front line, but they failed. "NZ" ended, and Jurgenson decided to go down to the sea to get food. We went (wet, hungry, exhausted) to the house farthest from the mountains in the village of Voron and asked to sell food. The owner invited him into the house to warm up, and sent his daughters for the police. The house was surrounded by self-defense fighters from the village. They sent for the Germans to Kutlak, but they refused to go: “Do what you want with them.” By evening, up to 200 Tatars from Ai-Serez and Shelen gathered in Voron. The paratroopers returned fire. Then the Tatars decided to burn them alive. Help arrived for the Tatars from Kapsichore. The community decided to raise money for the owner of the house to build a new house, collected kerosene, fuel oil, straw from the villages and burned the house. All the paratroopers burned out or suffocated in the smoke, firing back to the last bullet. Died: Jr. s-t K. P. Yurgenson, ordinary Red Army soldiers: A. V. Zaitsev, N. I. Demkin, M. G. Kokhaberiya, L. I. Netronkin, N. Kh. Tregulov, A. V. Bogomolov, V. S. Bykov, A. K. Borisov, B. D. Adigezalov, K. A. Kolyasnikov and G. G. Kazaryan."

The massive support for the fascists is also evidenced by publications in the Azat Krym (Liberated Crimea) newspaper, published from 1942 to 1944.

Here are just a few of them:

Alushta. At a meeting organized by the Muslim Committee, “Muslims expressed their gratitude to the Great Fuhrer Adolf Hitler Effendi for the free life he had given to the Muslim people. Then they held a service for the preservation of the life and health of Adolf Hitler Effendi for many years” (03/10/1942).

“To the great Hitler - the liberator of all peoples and religions! 2 thousand Tatars of the village of Kokkozy (now the village of Sokolinoe, Bakhchisarai region) and the surrounding area gathered for a prayer service... in honor of the German soldiers. We said a prayer to the German martyrs of the war... The entire Tatar people every minute prays and asks Allah to grant the Germans victory over the whole world. Oh, great leader, we tell you with all our hearts, with all our being, believe us! We, the Tatars, give our word to fight the herd of Jews and Bolsheviks together with the German warriors in one row!.. May God thank you, our great Mr. Hitler!” (03/10/1942)

From a message to Adolf Hitler, received at a prayer service by more than 500 Muslims of the city of Karasubazar: “Our liberator! It is only thanks to you, your help and thanks to the courage and dedication of your troops that we were able to open our houses of worship and perform prayer services in them. Now there is no such thing and there cannot be such a thing.” force that would separate us from the German people and from you. The Tatar people swore and gave their word, having signed up as volunteers in the ranks of the German troops, hand in hand with your troops to fight against the enemy to the last drop of blood. Your victory is the victory of the entire Muslim world. "We pray to God for the health of your troops and ask God to give you, the great liberator of nations, long years of life. You are now a liberator, the leader of the Muslim world - gases Adolf Hitler." (04/10/1942).

In order not to sin against the truth, it should be said that the Crimean Tatars participated in both the Soviet underground and the partisan movement. On January 15, 1944, there were 3,733 partisans in Crimea, of which 1,944 were Russians, 348 were Ukrainians, and 598 were Tatars. But the same truth requires saying that for every Tatar partisan there were more than 30 Crimean Tatars in the service of the Reich.

In 1944, Crimean Tatar units actively resisted the attack on Crimea Soviet troops. Their remnants were evacuated, and in the summer of 1944 the Tatar Mountain Jaeger Regiment was formed from them, which soon became the basis of the 1st Tatar Mountain Jaeger Brigade of the SS. At the very end of the same year, it was transformed into the Crimea combat group, which joined the Eastern Turkic SS unit. Crimean Tatar volunteers who were not included in the Tatar Mountain Jaeger Regiment of the SS were transferred to France and included in the reserve battalion of the Volga Tatar Legion, created on the initiative of the chairman of the Berlin Tatar Committee Shafi Almas, or enrolled in the auxiliary air defense service.

It seems that the facts presented are sufficient to understand the motives that guided the Soviet government when deciding to deport an entire people. In the criminal law of all countries of the world, without exception, aiding an invader is a crime. But is it possible to determine the individual guilt of each of the almost 180 thousand people if collaboration has become a mass phenomenon among the Crimean Tatars?

Now about how the eviction was carried out, during which, by the way, 49 mortars, 622 machine guns, 724 machine guns, 9888 rifles and 326887 cartridges were confiscated from the “civilian population”. Oddly enough, the eviction procedure itself was very mild by Stalin’s standards. The settlers were allowed to take with them “personal belongings, household equipment, dishes and food” up to 500 kg per family. Each train had a doctor and two nurses with medicines. The People's Commissariat of Trade was instructed to "provide all trains with special settlers with hot meals and boiling water every day." At the same time, food was allocated based on the daily norm per person: bread - 500 g, meat or fish - 70 g, cereals - 60 g, fat - 10 g. Upon arrival at the place, it was indicated to “ensure the provision of food for arriving special settlers personal plots and provide assistance in the construction of houses with local building materials", issue a "loan for the construction of houses and for economic establishment of up to 5,000 rubles per family with installments of up to 7 years." In addition, for two months, special settlers were supplied with food for the property left in Crimea - according to 8 kg of flour, 8 kg of vegetables and 2 kg of cereal per person.

However, in the first years after the expulsion, despite all the “softness,” according to estimates of various official Soviet bodies, from 15 to 25% of the special settlers died. According to the estimates of Crimean Tatar activists, up to 46% of those evicted from Crimea died.

According to generally accepted opinion, all Crimean Tatars without exception were subject to eviction, including all those who fought in the ranks of the Red Army or in partisan detachments. Here are slightly different information reflected in the documents of those times:

“Members of the Crimean underground who operated behind enemy lines and members of their families were also exempted from the status of “special settler.” Thus, the family of S. S. Useinov, who was in Simferopol during the occupation of Crimea, was released from December 1942 to March 1943 "a member of an underground patriotic group, then was arrested by the Nazis and shot. Family members were allowed to live in Simferopol."

Crimean Tatar front-line soldiers immediately asked to free their relatives from special settlements. Such appeals were sent to the deputy. commander of the 2nd aviation squadron of the 1st fighter aviation regiment of the Higher Officer School air combat Captain E.U. Chalbash, Major of the Armored Forces H. Chalbash and many others. Often, requests of this nature were satisfied; in particular, the family of E. Chalbash was allowed to live in the Kherson region. Women who married men of other nationalities were also exempt from eviction.

No nation can consider itself the subject of the exclusive hatred of the “father of nations.” Every nation - both large and small - can present its own bitter account to Stalin and his regime. But Stalin's relationship with the Jews is, of course, a special matter.

In March 2003, it will be 50 years since the death of the “leader of the peoples” (according to some) or “one of the greatest tyrants of the twentieth century” (according to others). On the eve of this date, it is time to trace the dialectic of relations between Jews and Stalin.

Due to the extraordinary breadth and versatility of this topic, the author of the article decided to limit himself to the period beginning with the proclamation of the State of Israel.

As you know, in 1947, Stalin provided serious support at the UN for the creation of the independent State of Israel. This promised to become an excellent foundation for relations between the two countries.

In many Israeli kibbutzim there hung - and in some places still hang - portraits of Joseph Vissarionovich. It is unlikely that anywhere else (with the exception of Albania) manifestations of Stalin’s personality cult persisted for so long...

So when and where did a black cat run between Stalin and Israel?

The USSR was the first de facto and second after the United States de jure to recognize the independence of Israel on May 14, 1948. The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee immediately sent a welcoming telegram to President Chaim Weizmann. Thousands of Soviet Jews sent letters to various institutions, including military registration and enlistment offices, with a request to be sent to Israel, where they could defend the country with arms in hand from the imperialist aggression of British puppets (meaning the Arab countries that had started a full-scale war against created a Jewish state) and build socialism there.

Instead of Palestine, potential repatriates departed in the opposite direction - but this happened after relations between the USSR and Israel had sharply deteriorated.

They say that when the UN decided to create the state of Israel, Stalin smoked a pipe for a long time and then said: “That’s it, now there will be no peace here.” "Here" is in the Middle East.

Until the beginning of the 90s, the entire history of the Arab-Israeli conflict was associated with the confrontation between the superpowers and their struggle for influence in the region. Only during the Israeli War of Independence did both the USSR and the USA stand on the side of the Jewish state.

Both superpowers at the dawn" cold war"they wanted to see the Jewish state as their ally, a potential channel of influence in the region and a counterbalance to the influence of European states, which at that time still maintained their colonies in the region. It is no coincidence that during the Israeli War of Independence, the Jordanian Arab Legion was commanded by British General John Glubb; it was the only of the Arabs participating in the army, which was controlled by a professional.

The Americans sought to quickly bury the British Empire, the basis of whose power was the Suez Canal, which passed through Egypt. Therefore, in the Middle East they needed “their guy” - strong, smart and desperate not to leave his land - in other words, hostile to the Arabs.

The Soviet press during the Israeli War of Independence was full of articles denouncing Arab puppet regimes and British imperialists fighting against the Jewish national liberation movement. The USSR gave the Czechoslovak government the go-ahead to supply Czech and Soviet-made weapons to Israel, which largely ensured the victory of the Jews in the first Arab-Israeli war.

After Israel's victory, Ukraine's representative to the UN, D. Manuilsky, proposed settling more than half a million Arab refugees in Soviet Central Asia and creating an autonomous republic for them. Unfortunately, this plan was not implemented.

In Russia (and not only) there is an opinion that, in supporting the creation of the State of Israel, Stalin miscalculated. He hoped that this would be a state of workers and peasants obedient to the Kremlin. There were reasons for this: in Jewish Palestine, and then in Israel, where many emigrants from Russia and Poland lived, the ideas of socialism and communism were very popular. Let us add to this the popularity of the USSR among the Jews of Palestine as the liberator of Europe from the Nazis; leadership in the Zionist movement of left-wing parties; the presence of Russian roots among the majority of the leaders of the Jewish Yishuv in Palestine; the presence of a large Jewish population in the USSR. It is even possible that Stalin intended to strengthen Israel’s pro-socialist orientation through the mass emigration of Soviet Jews. In short, at the dawn of the existence of the Jewish state, the USSR did not give up hope of binding Israel to itself for a long time.

As the Cold War intensified, Stalin hoped to turn Israel into a bulwark of the Kremlin’s struggle against world imperialism led by the United States. Some historians argue more broadly, arguing that Stalin hoped to receive dividends from the creation of Israel in any case. If the “red element” prevails in the Promised Land, it means that Israel will become best friend and the locomotive of the world revolution in this region; otherwise, Stalin gets the entire Arab world as his allies - also not bad.

But it was not there. Did the enthusiastic pro-Soviet sentiment in the Israeli establishment last no more than a year? before the elections to the Knesset of the first convocation, where the pro-Soviet party did not receive a majority, but became just “one of.” There has been a shift towards the West in Israel.

In some Russian publications about that era, one reads that Israel repaid Stalin with black ingratitude: barely getting on its feet, it changed its political orientation and began to act in the wake of the West. However, the Arabs also justified the hopes of the USSR only partly, and they are not able to cope with Israel to this day (not to jinx it!)

Those who talk about the “black ingratitude” of Israelis towards Stalin lose sight of such important events as the “Doctors’ Plot”, the massacre of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, plans for the mass resettlement of Soviet Jews to Far East... Even ardent Israeli communists perceived such news from Moscow without delight (there was a split in the Israeli Communist Party on this basis), and it’s not worth talking about the moderate left, center and right-wing circles. So the election results turned out to be absolutely natural.

The winners (and who ruled continuously until 1977) Mapai - "Maarakh" - "Avoda", although they professed leftist ideology, but quite clearly distinguished their own socialist views from the communist views that had compromised themselves in relation to the Jews of the USSR. On the other hand, Israeli socialists were so afraid of the USSR that for a long time they did not take any practical measures to protect the Jews living there, and only the activities of the right-wing Jewish Defense League, created in the 60s by the American Rabbi Meir Kahane (killed in 1990 by an Arab terrorist in USA) “awakened” them and raised them to fight for granting Soviet Jews the right to leave.

History does not recognize the subjunctive mood, but I dare to say: if it had not been for the late 40s - early 50s in the USSR. such inveterate anti-Semitism, Soviet-Israeli relations would begin to develop according to a completely different scenario. Of course, Israel would be unlikely to join the Warsaw Pact, but a satellite option like the Yugoslav one (of course, I do not mean the short period when the Soviets called Josip Broz Tito a fascist) seems quite likely.

Why did Stalin ruin everything? Why did he resort to such open anti-Jewish measures, which turned not only Israel and not only the notorious imperialist West, but also a fair part of the neutral world community against him?

Many explanations have been proposed for this, the most substantiated of which seems to be the following. Stalin stopped needing the support of the West, which he so needed during the Second World War, and decided to show “who is the boss” - i.e. to take part in the final and decisive battle with the world capitalist system, of which Jews seemed to him to be potential agents...

At that time, the leader’s suspicion had reached a manic stage, and he wanted to arrange a total test of the loyalty of Soviet Jewry. The Jews did not pass the test: a quarter of a million Moscow Jews created a furor when they met the first Israeli ambassador, Golda Meir, in 1948.

In general, during that period there was a massive awakening of national consciousness among Soviet Jews. This was facilitated by the Holocaust, which clearly distinguished Jews from other nations. But simultaneously with the growth of Jewish self-awareness, the desire of Jews to revive their national life in domestic policy Great Russian chauvinism deepened in the USSR. Strictly speaking, chauvinism was used by Stalin and his circle to mobilize the masses since the beginning of the Second World War, which demonstrated that nationalism and pan-Slavism in a backward, poorly educated country were more powerful unifying factors than Marxist-Leninist theory.

At first, the speeches of Jews in support of Israel only surprised, but did not anger the Soviet authorities, who did not expect such deep penetration Zionism into the hearts of their Jews. Against this background, the JAC’s proposals for the creation of a Jewish union republic in the Volga region or Crimea as a Soviet alternative to Israel. The maximum that Moscow agreed to was to adopt the resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On measures to strengthen and further develop the economy of the Jewish Autonomous Region", which provided for the sending there of 50 teachers and 20 doctors, first of all Jewish nationality. It was allowed to publish the newspaper "Birobidzhaner Shtern" instead of once a week twice, to increase the circulation of this newspaper in Russian, to create a Jewish book publishing house in Birobidzhan and to publish an almanac in Yiddish. The last two points were not fulfilled (the magazine "Soviet Gameland" opened in Moscow twelve years later).

In the fall of 1948, there were signs that the Israeli leadership was in no hurry to unquestioningly carry out instructions from Moscow. Back then, it was far from a matter of fundamental differences - but the Moscow party bosses perceived the eternal Jewish obstinacy as disobedience to orders..

Stalin decided that the time had come for a broad wave of anti-Jewish repression. This was revenge on Israel for the trust it did not justify, and it was also belated revenge on Soviet Jews for the lack of patriotism in the sense that Stalin and his circle understood it. The Middle Eastern deterrent was no longer effective, and the road to the wildest manifestations of anti-Semitism was open.

In the courtyard of the Birobidzhan library, fires blazed: the books of repressed Jewish writers were burning. One of the charges brought against the members of the JAC was the above-mentioned proposals for an “alternative Jewish statehood.” The Jewish intelligentsia was accused of wanting to tear Crimea away from the USSR!

IN last years Stalin finally recognized Israel as an enemy of the Soviet Union. Jews with relatives in the United States or Israel were suspected of anti-Soviet activities. During Stalin's reign, thousands were killed by NKVD agents or exiled to the Gulag, and all Jewish organizations (except for a few dozen synagogues, carefully controlled by the authorities) were closed.

Suffering from progressive paranoia, Stalin decided to organize mass pogroms against Jews in Moscow. As if generously protecting the Jews, the government should have organized their mass deportation to Siberia or Birobidzhan. To implement this scenario, already in January 1953, the Soviet media carried out work on the ideological justification of the impending action. The following thesis was driven into the heads of the population: just like the collective guilt of the German people for the atrocities of the Nazis in Germany, there is also the collective guilt of the Jewish people for the “atrocities” of the killer doctors.

To Moscow and others major cities Trains were being adjusted. In Birobidzhan, barracks complexes like concentration camps were rapidly built. Lists of pure-blooded Jews and half-bloods were compiled throughout the country. The deportation was to be carried out in two stages: purebreds first, half-bloods second. This was led by a special commission chaired by the head of the agitation and propaganda department of the CPSU Central Committee, M. Suslov. Former Minister of Defense N. Bulganin later said that Stalin wanted the crashes and attacks of “detachments of people's avengers” to be staged during the movement of trains with Jews to the east.

The Israelis were not asleep either. In February 1953, as a sign of protest against the actions of the Soviet leadership, a bomb was detonated at the Soviet embassy in Tel Aviv. In response, Stalin ordered the severance of diplomatic relations with our country. Thus, anti-Jewish sentiments in the USSR and anti-Soviet sentiments in Israel continuously catalyzed each other.

Only Stalin's death on March 5, 1953 prevented the impending massacre of Soviet Jews. The anti-Semitic policy begun by Stalin was continued by Khrushchev. Although he did not resort to direct repression against Jews (apart from several “economic processes” in the late 50s and early 60s), it was the “corn grower” who laid the foundations for the pro-Arab movement. foreign policy THE USSR. In contrast, Stalin, according to available information, did not even entertain the thought of collaborating with “reactionary and backward” Arab regimes.

Under Khrushchev, Judaism as such was declared obscurantist. Synagogues were closed at an even faster rate than under Stalin, Jews were not allowed to gather for prayer in private homes, and baking matzo was prohibited.

In turn, Israel sought allies in Europe, mainly in France. But they turned out to be unreliable, and by the end of the 60s, Israel's orientation towards the United States was finally formed.

The chain reaction continued. When it became clear that Israel was retreating to the American camp, the USSR began to look for allies in the Middle East, guided by the principle “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.”

Since the mid-50s, Moscow, in order to prevent complete US hegemony in the region, has been relying on the radical Arab regimes of Egypt, Syria and Iraq. In these countries, national liberation revolutions put an end to monarchical regimes, and the influence of Western powers was called into question. Moscow now has the opportunity, under anti-imperialist slogans, to increase its presence in the Middle East, defending the positions of the Arabs - and at the same time its own. Israel has never betrayed its overseas ally, which provoked even greater rage of the Kremlin.

The normalization of Soviet-Israeli relations began only in the late 80s, and soon the Soviet Union disappeared. Russian-Israeli ties are a separate matter.

Even many years after the death of Stalin, the “leader of the peoples” remains the most famous Soviet leader of the communist era in Israel (Lenin belongs to a different time: in the mass consciousness of Israelis, his figure is more “linked” with the founders of communism, Marx and Engels, i.e. theorists, and Stalin is famous precisely as a practitioner). The names of Malenkov, Khrushchev, Andropov and Chernenko are unknown to the average Israeli, and Brezhnev and Gorbachev are little known compared to Stalin.

However, for all his popularity, the image of Stalin is purely negative. The exception is individual representatives of marginal left-radical groups, whose numbers are continuously declining.

And yet let us give Stalin his due. He was right about one thing: after the collapse of the communist system, the world has changed beyond recognition - but the Middle East is still hot spot planets.

Back in the 20s of the 20th century, there was an idea of ​​​​creating Jewish autonomy in the sparsely populated part of northern Crimea. There was even a document signed with such an intriguing title: “On Crimean California” between the Joint (an American Jewish charitable organization that in the early years represented Soviet power USA) and the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR.

Under this agreement, the Joint allocated $1.5 million per year to Russia for the needs of Jewish agricultural communes. (Before 1936, 20 million dollars were transferred to Russia). Several of these communes worked very productively: they received high yields, introduced new technology, and livestock farming also grew. Then they were transformed into state farms. But over time various reasons so-called The “Crimean project” has stalled. (And the money, until 1936, was transferred from the USA...that’s a scam)

In 1943 At the Tehran Conference, Roosevelt, in a conversation with Stalin, said that his administration would soon have problems with supplies to the USSR under Lend-Lease if the “Crimean California” project was not revived. A very informed source, Milovan Djilas, the future vice-president of Yugoslavia, wrote about this. He and Josip Broz Tito secretly flew to the USSR and in a personal conversation asked Stalin why the Tatars were deported from Crimea in the spring of 1944. According to him, Stalin referred to data Roosevelt's commitment to clear Crimea for Jewish settlers.

Stalin understood that the Americans were pushing through the Crimean project not in the interests of Soviet Jews, but for their own geopolitical purposes. However, difficult circumstances forced us to maneuver, and the bargaining around “Crimean California” continued. Stalin insisted that this state entity should be part of the USSR in the status of an autonomous republic (they were going to appoint Lazar Kaganovich as its leader), and wanted to receive a $10 billion loan to restore the country's economy. They seemed to promise money, but on the condition that Crimea secede from the USSR. The case has once again stalled... http://www.kursants.ru/news/trojanskij_kon/1-0-4

But Crimea still left the USSR. The year 1954 arrived, which was supposed to be the time of final repayment of old debts. The Americans believed that the balance of the twenty million loan still hung over the USSR, although in order to pay off these debts, a lot of captured German weapons were transferred to Israel through the Joint for the war with the Arabs. Washington could start a squabble and demand Crimean lands. And then the new collective leadership of the USSR - Khrushchev, Bulganin, Malenkov, Molotov, Kaganovich - decided to play it safe.

In the fall of 1953, Khrushchev visited Crimea. The peninsula made a depressing impression on him. Then he flew to Kyiv, where he spent a long time trying to persuade the leadership of the Ukrainian SSR to accept Crimea under their jurisdiction. The Ukrainian comrades did not want to take Crimea - after the war they had enough of their own problems. However, using old connections, Khrushchev persuaded the Ukrainian leaders. Now the Ukrainian SSR had to answer for the old Soviet debt. Having handed over the peninsula to it, Moscow retained the main base of the Black Sea Fleet - Sevastopol. In fact, Kyiv took it into its hands only with the collapse of the USSR. However, this is a completely different story.

Khrushchev apparently believed that he had found perfect way, some kind of trick, a legal clue, to outwit the USA, and their Jewish lobby. Perhaps, in the terms of 1953, this was the case. Nikita Sergeevich could not have imagined in his nightmare that in less than 40 years the USSR would simply disappear from the world map!

I think that with the increase in military threats in the Promised Land, the question of a new resettlement of the Jewish people will definitely arise. And then, the old interests in Crimea will intensify and materialize - here you have Kolomoisky.

Russia won’t give up Crimea now, of course, but they will bargain until they get stomach cramps.

Who owns Crimea? Project Crimean California and the eviction of the Crimean Tatars. Why was Stalin killed?

Crimea - Jewish Republic. Bolshevik plans

Lenin planned to create a Jewish Republic in Crimea. Stalin supported the idea. The Crimean land was pledged to American bankers - Jews by nationality. The final implementation was prevented only by the dissatisfied indigenous population of Crimea. This is in brief, and now we will consider in detail this difficult topic - Crimea and the Crimean Tatars.

There were many attempts to explain the expulsion of the Crimean Tatars, but the propaganda machine worked hard to hide the truth. There is even a version according to which the Soviet government carried out the deportation because... The USSR sought to take possession of the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, and then move on to Turkey. And the Crimean Tatars actively interfered with these plans. This option also includes the expulsion of the Meskhetian Turks of Georgia from the territory bordering Turkey, as well as several other Turkic peoples of the Caucasus: Balkars, Karachais, Chechens. However, even such powerful strategic plans did not explain the paradox of the “voluntary” move of more than 190 thousand people of the same nationality. But the whole reason is that Crimea was only being prepared for the territory of the state now called Israel, and the Tatars were too much of a nuisance with their disagreement.

Project Crimean California

With the advent of the era of the New Economic Policy, ideologists of the creation of an autonomous Jewish republic in Crimea arrived in captured Russia. The idea was promoted by the American financial organization Joint, which officially represented the interests of the United States in Soviet Russia (there were no diplomatic relations with America at that time).
The Crimean problem began under Lenin (American agent Reinstein). Lurie (Yuri Larin) suddenly came up with the idea of ​​​​creating a Jewish republic in Crimea. The idea was suggested by Rosenberg from the Joint.

In 1922, Agro-Joint was created in Crimea and 186 collective farms were organized. Jews came from everywhere... Every year the Soviet government was supposed to receive 9OO thousand dollars from the Joint at 5% for 10 years.

In November 1923, Abram Bragin, the head of the Jewish section of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), prepared for the Politburo a draft decision on the creation in Crimea of ​​no longer an autonomous, but a full-fledged Soviet socialist Jewish republic. The project was named “Crimean California”. As a result, the settlers were allocated 132 thousand hectares of land for it.

On February 19, 1929, the Joint and the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR entered into an agreement under which the USSR received annual funding of one and a half million dollars. However, the cunning Americans asked for 375 thousand hectares of Crimea as a guarantee. The land was divided into shares and registered as shares, and the buyers were more than 200 American citizens, the most famous being Hoover, Rockefeller, Roosevelt, MacArthur, and Marshall. If the USSR does not pay the debt before 1954, then it must give back Crimea.
The strange thing is that the money went through the Agro-Joint bank, bypassing the Soviet budget, directly to Jewish settlers. They were used to purchase food, equipment and supplies. Such “help” caused protests from Russians, Tatars, Germans, Bulgarians and Greeks living in Crimea. The Tatars destroyed trains carrying Jewish settlers. As a result of the riots, Stalin declared at a Politburo meeting that “Crimean California” gives the country nothing but national strife and in 1934 he created Birobidzhan.
And in 1936, the Crimea project was successfully closed and forgotten. The funds stopped coming (a total of $20 million was invested in the resettlers), but the resettlement itself did not stop.

According to census data:

In 1939, more than 65 thousand Jews already officially lived on the territory of 44 village councils in the Freidorf region of Crimea.
Crimean Tatars made up 19.4% of the population of the peninsula - 218,179.
The main population is Russians.
The official languages ​​of the autonomous republic are Russian and Crimean Tatar. The basis of the administrative division was the national principle. 5 national districts (Alushta, Sudak, Bakhchisarai, Balaklava, Yalta) and 144 national village councils were considered Tatar. There, even education in schools was conducted in the Crimean Tatar language.

Eviction

In 1943, Roosevelt told Stalin at the Tehran Conference that if the Crimean California project was not revived, there could be problems with Lend-Lease supplies. Roosevelt himself had shares in a piece of land in Crimea.
I had to resuscitate...

In fulfillment of obligations to clear the peninsula for Jewish settlers, the Crimean Tatars were urgently evicted. On May 11, 1944, the “leader of all times and peoples” signed a decree of the USSR State Defense Committee on the deportation of the Crimean Tatar people to Uzbekistan.

However, additional reasons influenced this decision of the Soviet leadership. Or rather, the reasons were skillfully manipulated - facts of desertion, betrayal, collaboration with the Germans. I do not want to discuss this topic in this article (if anyone is interested, read the source), if you look for such facts, then half of Ukraine could be evicted under such an article... No matter how massive the cases of complicity with the invader, but to make a decision on the deportation of an entire people (to be precise, before June 1, 1944, 191 thousand Crimean Tatars were evicted from Crimea) they cannot be the basis, it is necessary to determine the individual guilt of everyone, they must be punished according to their merits, and not according to an order according to a general template.

By Stalin's standards, evictions were carried out in a “soft” mode. The settlers were allowed to take “personal belongings, dishes, household equipment, and food up to 5OO kg per family.”

People's Commissariat of Trade was obliged
“provide all trains with special settlers with hot meals and boiling water every day.”
Each train was equipped with medicines, a doctor and two nurses. Daily food allowance per person: bread – 5OO g, meat or fish – 7O g, cereals – 6O g, fats – 1O g. Upon arrival at the place of decree

“to ensure that arriving special settlers are provided with personal plots and to provide assistance in the construction of houses with local building materials”,
“a loan for the construction of houses and for economic establishment up to 5,000 rubles per family with installments up to 7 years.”
Two months of state provision of food to cover the abandoned property - 8 kg of flour, 8 kg of vegetables and 2 kg of cereal per person.

However, despite all the “softness” of the resettlement, in the first years, from 15 to 25% of those evicted died. According to statistics of Crimean Tatar activists, up to 46% died. Isn't this genocide? Although every nation will be able to present a bitter account to the father of nations on this topic...

If you dig deeper, the Bolsheviks were going to resettle all the Tatars of Russia to Transbaikalia and Mongolia, in accordance with the false story they created about the Mongol-Tatars, because The Tatars interfered with the invaders due to their humane mentality, just like the Rus, whose numbers had catastrophically decreased since the time of Peter 1.

The revelations of the false story about the “bad Tatars” are fully described in the books of Gali Enikeev:

- “Crown of the Horde Empire”
- “The Great Horde: friends, enemies and heirs”
- “In the footsteps of the black legend”
- “Heritage of the Tatars”

Proclamation of the State of Israel

Stalin understood perfectly well that the Americans were not trying at all in the interests of Soviet Jews, so he put forward the condition that the territory of Crimea should remain in the status of an autonomous republic of the USSR. The US offered 10 billion in response! dollars of a loan to restore the country's economy, but in return Crimea would be allowed to secede from the Soviet Union. The tempting offer was rejected, and the topic of creating a “New California” again reached a dead end.

However, the Americans continued their shadow work in Crimea. In 1945, a highly confidential letter from J. Marshall to US Secretary of Commerce William Averell Harriman surfaced:

“Dear Averell! ...President Truman approves of your plans. He adds that the existence on the territory of CRIMEA of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet and the JEWISH Republic, open to the free entry of Jews from all over the world, are INCOMPATIBLE... Crimea should become a demilitarized zone. Let Stalin know that he MUST be READY to REBASE the FLEET from Sevastopol to Odessa and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Then we will believe that the Crimean JEWISH Republic is a reality, and not a propaganda myth.”
Moreover, in plans, Jewish Crimean California from the Soviet Republic expanded to an INDEPENDENT JEWISH STATE, including: the entire Crimea, Odessa and Kherson regions, Sochi to the border with Abkhazia...

It was becoming dangerous to wait. At the same time, we had to create a situation in Palestine that distracted us from Crimea.

In 1947, at the UN, Stalin provided active support for the creation of an independent Israel. Portraits of Stalin still hang in some Israeli kibbutzim. The cult of personality of Joseph Vissarionovich was preserved, there is something to honor.

May 14, 1948. De facto, the USSR was the first and de jure the second (after the USA) to recognize the independence of Israel. Amid the excitement, thousands of Soviet Jews sent requests to the military registration and enlistment offices to be sent to Israel to fight the Arab countries, which had begun full-scale hostilities against the newly created state of the Jews.

Only during the War of Independence did the USSR and the USA unite on the side of Israel, for a short time. Further in the chronicle of the Arab-Israeli conflict there is only a confrontation between the superpowers. At the beginning of the Cold War, each fought for influence in the region, wanting to see the Jewish state, if not an ally, then a potential agent of influence. The Americans had a goal - to bury the British Empire, which owned the Suez Canal in Egypt. The USSR has special plans...

Propaganda of the Soviet press during the War of Independence denounced the British imperialists and Arab puppet regimes that were suppressing the Jewish national liberation movement. The USSR even allowed Czechoslovakia to supply Czech and Soviet-made weapons to Israel, which gave a huge advantage to the Jews in the war.

After the victory of the Jews, the representative of Ukraine to the UN, D. Manuilsky, proposed resettling over half a million Arab refugees to our Central Asia, creating an autonomous republic. Thank God this plan was not implemented...

It is widely believed that Stalin miscalculated in supporting the creation of the State of Israel. He allegedly hoped that this would turn out to be a state of workers and peasants, obedient to the Kremlin. Reasons: before the war, emigrants from Russia and Poland lived in Jewish Palestine, and after in Israel itself, among whom the ideas of socialism and communism were very popular. And of course, the popularity of the USSR among the Palestinians as a winner over Nazism. Stalin also intended to strengthen Israel's pro-communist orientation through the mass emigration of Soviet Jews. In general, at the dawn of the formation of the Jewish state, the USSR planned to tie Israel to itself for a long time.

As Cold War tensions grew, Stalin hoped to turn Israel into an outpost in the fight against world imperialism.
In fact, the father of nations reasoned more broadly, hoping to benefit from the creation of a Jewish state in any case.

If Israel accepts the “red element”, the Promised Land will become the best friend of the USSR and a stronghold of the world revolution not only in this region.
Otherwise, the USSR gets the entire Arab world as its allies - that’s also not bad.
However, the enthusiastic pro-Soviet mood lasted only a year. The Soviet press announced that Israel had returned the favor with black ingratitude by changing its political orientation to the West. At the same time, the Arabs only partially justified the hopes of the Soviet Union, although they are still not able to cope with Israel.
The real reason for “black ingratitude” was:

Plans for the mass eviction of Soviet Jews to the Far East,
- reprisal of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee,
- “the business of doctors.”
- on this basis, even in the Israeli Communist Party there was a split.

Why did Stalin need to ruin everything with such blatant anti-Jewish measures? There are many explanations, the relatively reasonable ones being the following. The leader decided to show that he no longer needed the support of the West, so important during the Second World War, and decided to enter the final battle with the world capitalist system. His suspicion reached a manic stage, and after the quarter-million Jews of Moscow created a furore at the meeting of the first Israeli ambassador in 1948, a total test of loyalty to Jewry was no longer required; the diagnosis was agents of the West.
Soon the JAC raised the question of creating a Jewish union republic in Crimea or the Volga region as a Soviet alternative to the already created Israel. But it turned out to be too late, the most that Moscow offered was a resolution of the CHK of the RSFSR “On measures to strengthen and further develop the economy of the Jewish Autonomous Region,” providing for the sending of 50 teachers and 20 doctors. Plus permission to publish the Birobidzhaner Shtern newspaper twice a week instead of once, an increase in its Russian-language circulation, the creation of a Jewish book publishing house in Birobidzhan and the publishing of an almanac in Yiddish.

Soon there came a wave of anti-Jewish repression. The Jewish intelligentsia was accused of seeking to tear Crimea away from the Union! All Jewish organizations (with the exception of several dozen synagogues controlled by the authorities) were closed. Jews who had relatives in America or Israel were accused of anti-Soviet activities, exiled to the Gulag, and exterminated in thousands by NKVD agents. Mass purges!

Under the guise of generously protecting Jews from pogroms, they were going to organize their mass eviction to Birobidzhan or Siberia. Already in January 1953, to implement this option, the Soviet media summed up the ideological justification for the upcoming action: the collective guilt of the Jewish people for the “crime” of the killer doctors. A special commission was created, headed by the head of the agitation and propaganda department of the CPSU Central Committee, M. Suslov. In Birobidzhan, barracks complexes similar to concentration camps were built rapidly. The deportation was to be carried out in two stages: first of all, purebred Jews, secondly, half-bloods. Trains were brought to large cities. Minister of Defense N. Bulganin later revealed that Stalin wished that during the movement of the trains, crashes and attacks by “detachments of people's avengers” would be staged.

Only the murder of Stalin on March 5, 1953 stopped the impending massacre.

Khrushchev continued his anti-Semitic policies without resorting to direct repression. Under him, Judaism was declared obscurantist. Synagogues were closed at an even more rapid pace, and Jews were not allowed to gather for prayer even in private homes; it got to the point that baking matzo was banned.

Crimea - Ukraine

In 1954, the deadline came for the return of funds received for “New California” (the money, it turns out, was given on credit). Despite the fact that for the war with the Arabs the USSR transferred to Israel a significant amount of captured German weapons, agreed upon as repayment of the Joint debt (the first stage of the calculation occurred in 1945), America considered that the calculation had been carried out in an insufficient volume, and was preparing to demand the declared agreement on Crimean land.

The Jewish state was not created in Crimea, and since 1998 the return resettlement of the Crimean Tatars to their homeland began. But they returned the Tatars with a built-in virus of hatred, evil and hating RUSSIANS! Those who hate not the Jews, who initiated all this, but the Russians...

In fact, from ancient times Crimea belonged to two friendly ethnic groups - the Rus and the Tatars. And in the future it will also belong to them. To do this, both ethnic groups must restore their ancestral ties, realize themselves and become themselves. They are separated only by the ideologists of false history from the enemies of our ancestors.

Crimea - Antov territory

It will definitely count at the tribunal!

Video

Project "Crimean California". Why was Stalin killed?

Why were the Crimean Tatars expelled? Jewish Republic in Crimea!
The creator of the blog I am Rus!, Anderstender.

After the return of Crimea to its home port - Russia, according to the apt words of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, the government is taking a number of steps to integrate the economy of Crimea into the Russian economy. But these steps are rather one-sided, and are carried out within the framework of the liberal economic program “Strategy 2020”, which the whole country lives by. I would like to remind you that the goals of this strategy, developed within the framework of the Higher School of Economics, in fact an agent of US influence, do not diverge from the goals of the Washington Consensus and are aimed at further development oligarchic capitalism in Russia. However, the United States recently recognized that over the last thirty years the United States itself has been developing as an oligarchy, so there is nothing strange in the recommendations for Russia. But for Crimea, such a development vector may mean suppression of large private businesses and the simultaneous creation of conditions for the transfer of agricultural production to monopoly conditions. It is impossible to approach Crimea with all-Russian categories, otherwise Russian policy may be rejected and civil protest may arise against the short-sighted (cosmopolitan) business of Russian oligarchs. There is another hidden danger - an attempt to transform Crimea into a new California for the elite.

This term “Crimean California” requires detailed explanation. Back in 1922, the idea of ​​a Crimean Autonomous Jewish Republic, put forward by A. Bragin, began to take shape, which grew the following year, 1923, into the Soviet Socialist Jewish Republic of Crimea. The project was financed by the American organization "Joint", which since 1929 has officially represented the United States in the RSFSR (in the absence of diplomatic relations), with a budget of about 1.5 million dollars a year. “Joint” was created with the money of the German Ashkenazis F. Warburg and D. Schiff, an active participant in the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II. To organize the residence of Jews in Crimea, 375 thousand hectares of land were allocated, mainly in the steppe regions, and land shares were issued, the owners of which were prominent American figures Roosevelt, Hoover, Rockefeller, Marshall, MacArthur and others. However, the 30 million dollars spent by the American side on the development of Jewish autonomy did not go to any use and did not solve the national issue in Crimea, but created another problem on the territory of the USSR. And already in 1934, after the creation of a Jewish autonomous region with a center in Birobidzhan, the Crimean settlements turned out to be irrelevant and in 1938 the Joint ceased its activities in the USSR. Thus was completed the first attempt to organize Crimean California for Jews.

It must be said that the reasons for the emergence of nationalist tensions in Crimea were due to the too active intervention of Chabad-Lubavitch in the creation of Jewish settlements. By this period of 1920 - 1930, Chabad, as one of the directions of Hasidism in Russia, gained a dominant position in our country. It should be noted that Hasidism, implicated in Kabbalah, inattention to the Torah, but reverence for the Talmud, the creation of the institution of tzaddikim and adherence to the idea of ​​​​moshiach, was in circulation in Poland, Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Belarus, Ukraine and was especially widespread in Galicia, Lvov, Transcarpathian Rus', Vitebsk and, no matter how paradoxical it may seem, in Tver. Shocking antics during prayer, rampant rioting on Shabbat, worship of tzaddikim and Kabbalah, made the Hasidim a contrast to the Spanish Sephardim and German Ashkenazim, who rejected the culture of the Hasidim, which was largely copied from those peoples among whom the Hasidim existed. However, such assimilation greatly helped in preserving the inviolability of Jewish canons for the Hasidim and especially Chabad, which allowed its representatives to eventually occupy high positions in the leadership of the USSR.

This practice of resettlement worried J.V. Stalin no less than the ambivalent position of the United States in financing exclusively Jewish settlements, subject to an agreement on the equal distribution of incoming funds among all ethnic groups of Crimea. The second attempt to create a “Crimean California” was made by the United States at the Tehran Conference of 1943, where, according to Milovan Djilas, IB Tito’s assistant, F. Roosevelt attempted to link Lend-Lease supplies with the restoration of the Jewish republic in Crimea. It must be said that by the time J. Schneerson arrived in the USA, a fairly influential Hasidic community had already been created in New York, which had its representatives not only among bankers, but also among politicians. Therefore, raising the issue of “Crimean California” by the US President does not look like a conspiracy theory. The response to this virtual ultimatum from the Soviet side was the delegation of S.M. Mikhoels (Vovsi) and I.S. Fefer, both of whom were members of Chabad-Lubavitch. It is curious that it was the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, which included Mikhoels, Fefer, Ehrenburg, Marshak, Eisenstein, Oistrakh, Gilels, Kapitsa and many others, that was entrusted with the honorable mission of harmonizing the Crimean Jewish Republic with prominent figures in politics, business and culture. By the way, interesting fact is that on the JAC building next to the six-pointed star of Magen David there is the Masonic symbolism of one of the Sons of Zion lodges.

Before the trip, instructions to S.M. Mikhoels were given personally by V.M. Molotov (Scriabin), and the invitation to the trip was issued by A. Einstein and R. Oppenheimer. The delegation of Russian Jews was received at the highest level in the USA, Canada, Mexico and Great Britain. Why were the Anglo-Saxon countries so interested in “Crimean California”? The answer cannot be unambiguous due to the fact that too many issues of Jewish life and mythology converge in Crimea and Ukraine. This is the center of European Hasidism - the heirs of Khazaria, whose fragments have scattered throughout Europe, and the important geopolitical position of Crimea, which allows it to control the entire South of Russia and the Caucasus, as well as the Black Sea region. This is also an opportunity comfortable stay- expectations of resettlement to Israel, but after the moment when the King of Jerusalem begins to gather the “sons of the Covenant” to Jerusalem. By the way, the famous vineyards of Crimea were inherited from the first project of “Crimean California”. Precisely in view of the importance of Crimea for Jews around the world, there was no confrontation on this issue between Sephardim and Ashkenazim with the Hasidic communities, and even with Chabad-Lubavitch. The result of the trip was S.M. Mikhoels’ appeal to the leadership of the USSR in February 1944.

The main provisions of this appeal included the need for compact accommodation of over 1.5 million Jews who lost their property as a result of the Great Patriotic War. Birobidzhan, being particularly remote from the central regions of Russia, was not even considered a place of residence for Soviet Jews. Instead, it was planned to create a Jewish Soviet republic in Crimea to preserve a centuries-old cultural tradition or national cultural autonomy. Here the creators of the appeal, being euphoric from the American trip and the attention of top officials, missed a very important detail - I.V. Stalin was categorically against national and cultural autonomies and perfectly understood the danger of repeating “Crimean California” for the shaky national question in the USSR. But the authors did not want to pay attention to hints from the Kremlin, having become confident in the correctness of their choice after the lightning-fast decision to deport the Crimean Tatars in May 1944. Naive, the leadership of the GKO, the next month after the liberation of Crimea, understanding the danger of the fascist underground in Crimea, rid the country of collaborators and traitors who collaborated with the enemy and destroyed resistance to the fascists on the peninsula. In this context, the rehabilitation of the eviction of the Crimean Tatars by V.V. Putin looks strange, even taking into account the need to maintain the Kremlin’s neutrality towards the Mejlis. In fact, by his action, the head of state admitted the fallacy of the policy of I.V. Stalin, who committed not only an act of retaliation against traitors, but also protected the USSR from a possible fascist underground in the Crimea. From the point of view of Russian security, this is a short-sighted step by V.V. Putin, but from the point of view of the restoration of the Jewish Republic of Crimea, such actions fit into the overall picture of the third attempt to create a “Crimean California”.

Further events related to the conversion of S.M. Mikhoels take on a detective plot that continues in our time. US representatives begin to actively interfere in the behind-the-scenes negotiations on the Jewish republic in Crimea; US Ambassador to the USSR W.A. Harriman puts forward various shapes the existence of “Crimean California” from complete independence as a national Jewish state in Crimea, to the withdrawal of the Black Sea Fleet from Sevastopol to Odessa. It is characteristic that the JAC supports these ideas of annexing a peninsula vital for the USSR, which has a zone of influence not only in the Black Sea region, but also in the entire Middle East and Turkey. JV Stalin could not agree to such steps, even at the cost of losing 10 billion dollars in US aid and future tension in relations. But neither S.M. Mikhoels, nor I.S. Fefer, nor many others even suspected that they were at the forefront of what political game they found themselves, and therefore in 1944 - 1945 they made plans to move to Crimea and were busy distributing positions in the future government Jewish Republic.

The denouement came at the Potsdam Conference in 1945, where US President G. Truman decided to link the issue of the Jewish Republic in Crimea with the nuclear bombing of Japan, thereby demonstrating to J.V. Stalin the importance of the political potential of Crimea for the United States. The leader could not forgive the arrogant American for this, and relations between the USSR and the USA entered the Cold War phase, while J.V. Stalin made the only right move in this situation - he supported the creation of the state of Israel. On November 29, 1947, the USSR advocated dividing Palestine into two states, thereby finally closing “Crimean California.” Before his speech at the Polytechnic Museum on December 28, 1947, S. M. Mikhoels uttered the phrase: “This is the beginning of the end,” and on January 12, 1948, under unclear circumstances, he was killed in Minsk. The JAC is being dissolved and its members are being repressed. What is characteristic is that the autopsy and conclusion on the death of S.M. Mikhoels is carried out by him cousin M.S. Vovsi, who a few years later became the head of the well-known business of “pest doctors.” The murder of S.M. Mikhoels is in vain attributed to J.V. Stalin, who convened an emergency meeting of the Politburo on the evening of January 12; stood behind “Crimean California”. A few months after the murder of S.M. Mikhoels, on May 15, 1948, the creation of the State of Israel was officially proclaimed, and on May 18, the USSR established diplomatic relations with the young Jewish state, which would bring instability and local wars to the Middle East for many decades , which I.V. Stalin warned about.

Returning to our days, we can observe a rather contradictory picture: Crimea, thanks to the lightning-fast actions of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, is again returning to its native shores, expelling Chabad-Lubavitch from its territory. Ukraine, having carried out a bourgeois revolution under the banners of Chabad and the intelligence services of Anglo-Saxon countries, is losing one region after another with amazing zeal, while not forgetting to create all the conditions for the entry of Russian troops into the territory of Ukraine. For what? The Jewish oligarch I. Kolomoisky, who built the Chabad community center “Menorah” in Dnepropetrovsk, is digging in in his region, intending to defend the Chabad enclave on the territory of Ukraine to the last bullet. For what? How can two contradictions be combined: 1. Creating conditions for the entry of Russian troops and 2. Ridiculous defense of Chabad values? The answer is simple, Rothschild’s “B’nai B’rith” and Rockefeller’s “Sons of Zion” no longer need the services of Chabad and its claims for the construction of the Third Temple, Finintern (in the apt expression of A. Devyatov) has placed its bets on V.V. Putin and a strong Russia, the future Israel's ally in the fight against the Islamists of the Middle East, since there is no one else to rely on.

The United States, having bankrupted the Federal Reserve System and created the appearance of stability in the financial market, no longer represents a Hasidic empire, which was cleverly used in their geopolitical games by the Sephardim and Ashkenazim of Europe, who are ready to simply throw waste material into the dustbin of history. Having transferred its interests to Southeast Asia, Finintern became concerned about protecting Israel and they could not find a better ally and defender other than Russia. That is why in the last five years the army rearmament program began, that is why Chabad’s attempts to organize a “swamp revolution” were repulsed and the main figures of American liberalism were incapacitated. That is why “Operation Crimea” was carried out and today the final stage of the liquidation of Chabad-Lubavitch in Ukraine and Russia is being prepared. Of course, the Hasidim can still respond with their hatred, but without money they are powerless, and there is no money, and there is no money in sight, the American and English treasuries are empty, and no one will allow Europe to support the sectarians. That is why the third attempt to create a “Crimean California,” now under the leadership of V.V. Putin, began with the signing of the Crimean memorandum on March 18, 2014. At the same time, everything characters They understand perfectly well that the life of Crimea without communication with the mainland - Ukraine is impossible, therefore Novorossiya, and most likely the whole of Ukraine, will certainly fall under the onslaught, no, not of bayonets, but only of the possibility of using bayonets. And this must be done before May 25 of this year.

However, it must be understood that the third time “Crimean California” will most likely not come true, just like the previous two times, since it has no prospects for strengthening Russia’s military power and nationalizing its elite. The creation of a Jewish enclave in Crimea could turn against Russia itself, as national divisions will flare up with new, destructive force. It is clear that the Crimean Tatars are only a small part of the national instability of Crimea, which is very easy to either extinguish or use against Chabad, as was done in Chechnya. But a much greater danger is posed by the Chabad underground in Crimea and Russia, which today, through the creation of gambling zones and offshore companies in Crimea, are given the opportunity to participate in these profitable projects. How to separate Chabad members from Hasidim? Not unless they show themselves. Therefore, the attempt to create a third “Crimean California” poses a significant danger for the Russian aircraft carrier under the name Crimea. These attempts must be urgently stopped, as well as China’s construction of a deep-sea port in Crimea, the purpose of which is still not clear, since attempts to explain the “new Silk Road” look like baby talk, given that a new Khazaria has already been created in Hong Kong and repeat it no one is going to Crimea. Moreover, such duality may run counter to the plans of the Finintern and the Vatican associated with it, which poses a great danger to V.V. Putin. Crimea can be Russian and only Russian, there is no other way.

Ipatiev K.F. (GRU major, retired)