Why doesn't the myrtle tree bloom? Myrtle - home care, transplantation and propagation

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Among the ancient Greeks, myrtle was considered a symbol of youth, beauty and chastity. Even then, the beneficial effects of essential oils were noted. Noble townspeople washed themselves with water infused with myrtle. Wine infusion of myrtle fruits was used as an elixir of health and vigor. By releasing phytoncides, myrtle destroys pathogenic microbes; even in extremely small doses, phytoncides kill tuberculosis and diphtheria bacilli and other bacteria. plant with with total area 1.5 m² of leaves can purify 100 cubic meters of air by 40-50%, kills up to 22% of streptococci and up to 40% of staphylococci. Helps cope with flu and acute respiratory infections.

Myrtle. © Sarah Gregg Content:

Description of myrtle

Myrtle (lat. Myrtus)- a genus of southern evergreen woody plants with white fluffy flowers and dark green leaves containing essential oil. Also, myrtle used to be called a wreath of flowers and leaves of such a tree or its branch - a symbol of silence, peace and pleasure.

Myrtle is a fragrant evergreen tree. It has dark green, seemingly polished leaves and beautiful flowers. Myrtle leaves contain essential oil, which was used to make incense. Myrtle was a sign of glory and blessings. In ancient times, a myrtle wreath with roses was a favorite wedding decoration.

Myrtle. © Giancarlo Dessi

Myrtle mythology

IN ancient times myrtle was an attribute of the goddess Venus and her three maids - the three graces. During the Renaissance, the evergreen myrtle began to symbolize eternal love, especially marital fidelity.

During the Renaissance, the evergreen myrtle began to symbolize eternal love, especially marital fidelity.

According to legend, Aphrodite was crowned with a wreath of myrtle during the famous dispute, thanks to which Paris gave her his apple. Since then, myrtle has become the favorite flower of the goddess of love and beauty, sometimes she even called herself Myrthea. Many myrtle bushes were planted around the temples of Aphrodite, and during the annual festivals in honor of this goddess, everyone was decorated with myrtle wreaths.

Features of growing myrtle

Bloom: usually in summer and until mid-autumn.

Height: Myrtle grows quite slowly: annual growth is 10-15 cm.

Light: bright diffused; The plant can tolerate some amount of sunlight.

Temperature: in spring and summer moderate or slightly below moderate, 18-20 °C; During the winter months, the myrtle tree is best kept at a temperature of 5 °C and not higher than 8-10 °C.

Watering: from spring to autumn it is regular and abundant (as the top layer of the substrate dries), in winter it is limited.

Air humidity: From spring to autumn the plant is sprayed.

Feeding: From spring to autumn, myrtle is fertilized weekly with flower fertilizer.

Trimming: Plants can withstand pruning and trimming, so they can be given any shape.

Rest period: in winter; The plant is kept in a bright, cool (5-10 °C) place with limited watering.

Transfer: young plants are replanted every year in the spring, without burying the base of the trunk into the soil; later replanting is carried out if necessary after 2-3 years.

Reproduction: The plant propagates by seeds and cuttings.

Myrtle. © Forest & Kim Starr

Caring for myrtle

Myrtle loves bright, diffused light and tolerates some direct sunlight. Suitable for growing near western and eastern windows. At south-facing windows in the summer, it is necessary to provide the plant with protection from the midday sun. It can grow in a north window, but flowering will be less abundant. In winter, myrtle is placed in the most illuminated places.

In summer, myrtle can be placed outdoors, in a place where protection from direct midday sun is provided. The plant should be accustomed to the new level of illumination gradually. Some gardeners bury a pot of myrtle directly into the ground to harden the plant for the summer.

Myrtle loves cool weather; in spring and summer it needs moderate or slightly below moderate temperatures (18-20 °C). During the winter months, the myrtle tree is best kept at a temperature of 5 °C and not higher than 8-10 °C. At higher than optimal winter temperatures, the plant may lose its leaves.

Myrtle needs an influx of fresh air.

Myrtle is watered from spring to autumn regularly and abundantly (as the top layer of the substrate dries), in winter - limitedly, with soft, settled water. Under no circumstances should the soil be allowed to dry out even briefly. If the substrate is nevertheless dry, watering is used by immersing the pot in a container of water. At the same time, you need to make sure that the water does not stagnate in the pan.

You should carefully monitor air humidity. Although in the natural conditions of myrtle growth the air humidity rarely exceeds 60%, in rooms with central heating it is usually half that. From spring to autumn, the plant should be sprayed regularly. For spraying, you should use only soft, settled or filtered water. In winter, when kept cool, the plant is not sprayed.

From spring to autumn, myrtle is fertilized, as already noted, weekly with flower fertilizer.

Myrtle has a pronounced dormant period. Depending on the position in the room, myrtle is at rest from 3 (on the north window) to 1.5 (on the south) months.

However, the author does not advise getting too carried away with pruning side shoots, especially in young plants, since the myrtle stem is not strong enough. Also, you should not pinch young shoots too often - this reduces the intensity of flowering. Therefore, when caring for myrtle, you need to decide what is preferable - highly branching compact bushes or beautifully flowering specimens with a loose crown.

Young plants are replanted every year in the spring, without burying the base of the trunk into the soil; later replanting is carried out if necessary after 2-3 years. The following mixtures are recommended as a substrate: 1) turf-humus-peat soil and sand in equal parts; 2) ordinary greenhouse soil; 3) clay-turf-peat-humus soil and sand (1:1:1:0.5). The pH of the substrate should be around 5-6. At the bottom of the pot provide good layer drainage.

Myrtle propagation

Myrtle is propagated by seeds and cuttings.

Propagation of myrtle by seeds

For sowing, we make a mixture of peat and sand in a 1:1 ratio (you can mix peat with vermiculite (1:1)). The substrate is moistened (the substrate can be shed with a fungicide).

The seeds are distributed over the surface of the substrate and sprinkled with a thin layer of substrate on top. The container with the seeds is covered with glass or a transparent bag (or cling film). The temperature is maintained at least +18..20 °C. Ventilate periodically by removing the cover. The substrate must be kept moist; try not to over-moisten or over-dry.

Typically, seedlings germinate in 7-14 days. When the seedlings grow two true leaves, they are planted in pots of the appropriate size. The substrate is made up of turf soil - 1 tsp, humus - 1 tsp, peat - 1 tsp and sand - 1 tsp. After transshipment, the seedlings may freeze in growth for some time, after a while they usually start growing again.

After entwining a clod of earth with roots, transshipment is done. Further care is the same as for adult plants.

Myrtle grown from seeds blooms in the 5th year of life.

Propagation of myrtle by cuttings

The cuttings are watered, sprayed and covered with glass or plastic film. Occasionally the soil is ventilated to avoid rotting of the cuttings and souring of the soil. Cuttings take root within 20-30 days. Rooted cuttings are planted in 7-centimeter pots. The substrate is made up of turf soil - 1 tsp, humus - 1 tsp, peat - 1 tsp and sand - 1 tsp. Water generously. Young plants are pinched to stimulate flowering. After entwining a clod of earth with roots, transshipment occurs. A plant from cuttings blooms in 3-4 years.

Myrtle. © rafael Jimenez

Myrtle species

To the family Myrtle (Myrtus) belongs to 16 to 40 species of the Myrtaceae family. Species of the genus Myrtle are widespread in North Africa, Western Asia, the islands of the Caribbean, Florida (USA), the Azores, and Europe (Mediterranean region).

One species is widely known in culture - Common myrtle M. communis.

If you look at a myrtle leaf in the light, you can see small dots filled with essential oil, thanks to which the plant emits a pleasant aroma. The white flowers of the plant are the most fragrant. They are small (up to 2 cm in diameter), five-petaled, located one at a time on long stalks. Numerous golden stamens give them a special uniqueness.

In nature, myrtle reaches a height of 3-5 m. In cultivation, the plant is low (about 60 cm), rarely reaching 1 m.

Common myrtle has many cultural forms, differing in leaf position and flowering ability.

Possible difficulties when growing myrtle

If there is not enough light, the stems stretch, the leaves become smaller and turn pale, but if there is too much light, they become dull, turn yellow, and the edges curl. In a dark room with high temperature, the plant sheds its leaves.

The plant suffers greatly due to overdrying and overwatering of the substrate. If the plant has dropped its leaves due to dryness or waterlogging, the shoots should be cut to half and continue watering (in case of waterlogging, watering very carefully) and spraying. After two weeks, young leaves may appear.

If the placement is too warm and dark, leaves may fall off. If suddenly the leaves of the myrtle begin to fall off, then the problem is due to improper watering: it is either insufficient or excessive. In this case, it is recommended to immerse the overdried plant in water and replant the over-watered one. However, most often the plant cannot be saved.

Pests primarily attack old specimens. This is also facilitated by too high air temperatures in winter.

The myrtle tree is one of the most attractive and interesting indoor plants. Pleasant aroma, beautiful flowering, ease of shaping, high decorative value - myrtle has these advantages. Home care is organized according to certain rules. You will learn about them from this article.

Description of the plant

The Myrtle family is well known among gardeners. There are about 10 varieties of myrtle in total. The homeland of the plant is the Mediterranean. Grows in subtropical climates. IN natural conditions it is a shrub or tree up to 3 meters high. When grown in an apartment it reaches 60 cm.

The leaves are small, shiny, leathery, oval, dark green. If you rub them in your hand, they emit a pleasant spicy aroma. The main part of essential oils is concentrated in small veins. The flowers are small on long stalks, with five petals and many stamens. Color - white or pale pink. The fruits are round small berries of intense blue color.

Subtleties of cultivation

A full-fledged one is organized in accordance with a number of rules. Myrtle is considered capricious plant, often refuses to bloom or drops its leaves. Creation optimal conditions for growth and flowering helps to avoid this.

Lighting and location selection. It easily tolerates direct rays of the sun, but prefers diffused light. In hot weather it is shaded. It blooms only when there is enough light. Optimal location- window sills of windows facing west or east. In summer, the flower is moved to fresh air. In winter they provide full lighting.
Temperature. IN summer season kept at 18-20 °C. In winter, the plant needs coolness. Myrtle is rearranged to glass balcony or a loggia with temperatures not lower than 6-8 °C. After a full rest, myrtle blooms magnificently and for a long time. When wintering in a room, the flower is well watered and systematically sprayed. This helps prevent leaf drop, but does not guarantee flowering.
Humidity. Grows better when high humidity. It responds to spraying with warm, well-settled water by unanimously releasing new shoots. The need for moisture increases during periods of increased growth. At this time, the procedure is carried out daily. Additionally, air humidifiers and trays filled with water are used.
Watering. Water the plant often - as soon as it starts to dry out upper layer soil. In winter, the need for water is less, but the soil should not be allowed to dry out completely. Stable soil moisture is maintained all year round. Do not allow water to stagnate at the bottom of the pot.

The soil. The soil for myrtle is chosen to be nutritious, not heavy, and of moderate acidity. A mixture of peat, humus and turf with the addition of sand or perlite is best.
Feeding. During the period of active growth, fertilize frequently - every week. For abundant flowering, choose fertilizers with a high phosphorus content. Complex preparations for decorative deciduous crops are regularly used.
Transfer. Until the age of four, the bushes are replanted annually. Mature trees - once every 3-4 years. The optimal time is spring, before flowering. When transplanting, do not allow the root collar to deepen. A thick layer of drainage is provided at the bottom of the planting container. The size of the pot is determined by the diameter of the crown - it should be half that size. Myrtle will not bloom in a large pot.
Trimming and shaping. Myrtle - indoor flower, which is very easy to shape. It tolerates shearing easily and quickly produces young shoots. Myrtle is pruned in early spring before active growth begins. The method of pruning depends on the desired result. Throughout the summer, the crown of the plant is adjusted, pinching out too long young shoots.

Reproduction methods

Propagating myrtle is not difficult even for novice gardeners. Young plants are obtained by cuttings and sowing seeds.

By cuttings

Cuttings are cut twice a year - in the middle of winter or summer. Select semi-lignified branches from the middle or lower part of the crown. The optimal length of the cutting is from 5 to 8 cm. Half of the leaves are removed from the cutting, the remaining half is cut off. The lower cut is dipped in a growth stimulator. Good effect gives a mixture of heteroauxin with 0.25% ascorbic acid. The container is filled with a light substrate of sphagnum and sand. The cuttings are placed in it at a slight angle and covered with film. The greenhouse with cuttings is placed in a cool, shaded place. During the rooting stage, maintain a temperature of 16-20 °C. The greenhouse is periodically ventilated, the humidity level is monitored, and if necessary, the soil is watered and the cuttings are sprayed. They take root quickly - no longer than a month. The seedlings are transplanted into pots with a diameter of 7 cm (a regular one will do). a plastic cup). When the roots completely entwine the clod of earth, transfer them to the pot. bigger size. The first flowering is no earlier than after 3 years.

Seeds

Myrtle grows more slowly from seeds. Using seed material, collected from the mother plant, the characteristics of the variety may differ. The substrate for germination is a mixture of peat and vermiculite. Before sowing, it is watered with a weak solution of fungicide. Myrtle seeds are scattered over the surface and covered with a very thin layer of substrate. The planting container is covered with glass. Maintain the temperature at 18-20 °C, monitor the soil moisture - it should not be overdried or waterlogged. Every day, the glass is removed briefly to ventilate the greenhouse. While creating favorable conditions Shoots appear in 1-2 weeks. Dive into separate pots in the phase of 2 true leaves. Flowering - no earlier than 5 years of life.

Diseases, problems and pests

Young myrtle rarely gets sick. Mature and old bushes are less resistant to pests and negative factors.

Aphids and scale insects. They attack the plant when there is insufficient moisture. Conditions are adjusted and treatment is carried out with anticoccidal agents.
Spider mite. Appears when there is insufficient soil moisture. Myrtle is treated with insecticides.
Fungi and putrefactive bacteria. Their appearance provokes constant waterlogging of the soil. The plant is replanted, removing the affected parts.
Yellow, dull leaves with curled edges. A sign of excessive lighting.
Grinding leaves, pulling stems. The reason is poor lighting.
Falling leaves. Increased temperature and dry air in winter or stagnation of water in the root system.

Growing myrtle at home is a difficult but exciting activity. Once you master shaping, you can give your myrtle any shape.

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Botanical description of myrtle species

Growing myrtle is not difficult, and even novice amateur gardeners can care for such a flower. In our country, in addition to the common species, in home floriculture they also prefer to grow the indoor flower Saharan Myrtle.

Common myrtle and its varieties

This species is best suited for keeping at home. A small tree or shrubby plant, which has small glossy leaves and white fragrant flowers, has become the basis for the breeding of several highly decorative and fairly unpretentious varieties and forms that differ in color, size and shape of foliage and flowers:

variety "Boetics" or Boetica has large, rich green leaves no more than 70 mm long. The variety is slow growing;
variety "Variegata" or Variegata refers to variegated forms with yellow-green leaves;
variety "Tarentine" or Tarentina is characterized by the small size of the aerial part. The variegated variety Tarentina Variegata and Tarentina Granada with original creamy-colored fruits are especially popular;
variety "Alhambra" or Alhambra is unpretentious and produces light greenish colored fruits. Foliage small sizes, bright green, elongated in shape;
variety "Flore Pleno" or Flore Pleno forms numerous double flowers that are quite large and retain their visual appeal for a long time;
variety "Compact" or Compasta belongs to the category of low-growing forms that form a dense and fairly dense crown, as well as lush flowers white coloring.

Almost any variety belonging to this species is very easy to propagate and does not require the grower to special conditions in care.

Saharan myrtle

Myrtus nivellei grows mainly in the mountainous regions of Tassili-n-Ajjer, in the southern part of Algeria and in Chad. This species belongs to the category of endangered plants. therefore it is protected. A popular endemic shrub with a height of the aboveground part of no more than two meters, characterized by large size and lanceolate foliage. The length of the leaves does not exceed 40-50mm. Fruits are black in color.

Signs and superstitions associated with the myrtle tree

The myrtle tree is very popular in many countries as a plant that brings family happiness. It is customary to give such a flower to young married couples in order to strengthen their mutual understanding. In ancient times, myrtle branches were used to adorn the bride's head. It is also believed that such a decorative crop can give its owner unfading beauty and eternal youth.

How to properly replant myrtle after purchase

If the plant is sold in transport soil, then replanting is a prerequisite for growing. As a nutritious soil substrate for planting, it is advisable to use a mixture based on one part of sod-peat soil and one part of humus-peat soil with the addition of one part of sifted medium-grained sand. A sufficient layer of drainage is poured onto the bottom of the flower pot. Transplantation is carried out by transferring the root system with an earthen lump.

Myrtle propagation methods

Propagation of decorative perennials grown in indoor floriculture is carried out by cuttings and using seed material.

Growing from seeds

Seeds are sown in a nutritious soil mixture based on one part sifted sand and one part peat with the addition of a small amount of vermiculite. It is recommended to pre-spray the substrate with any fungicide. Seed material is neatly distributed over the surface nutrient substrate, after which it is sprinkled with a thin layer of soil.

The container with the crops is covered with plexiglass or film. Germination of perennials should be carried out at a temperature of 18-20°C. Crops are regularly ventilated and moistened. If all requirements are fully met, seedlings appear in one or two weeks. Flowering occurs after five years.

Features of growing a myrtle tree (video)

How to propagate myrtle from cuttings

Semi-lignified cuttings should be cut for propagation in January or early February, as well as in mid-summer. Cuttings taken in the lower or middle area of the crown root best. Maximum length cuttings should not exceed 80mm. Half of the leaves are cut off completely, which will reduce moisture evaporation. Otherwise, the cutting dries out and planting it is impractical.

The cut area is treated with growth stimulants, after which rooting is carried out in a mixture of leaf soil and coarse sand. The temperature should be 16-20°C. Young plants are pinched to stimulate flowering, which occurs in the third or fourth year.

Myrtle blooming in the house

The decorative perennial enters the flowering phase in early or mid-summer. The flowering of the plant is not only attractive, but also accompanied by a very pleasant aroma.

When and how does a houseplant bloom?

Flowers are of regular or double type, and are located in the leaf axils, singly or collected in racemes. A significant part of the flowers blooms, as a rule, in the apical part of the plant that is most illuminated by the sun's rays.

To get flowering it is very important not to prune in the spring, and also provide the decorative crop with an influx of fresh air and quality care at all stages of the growing season. If the growing technology is not followed, the plant dries out and there is no flowering.

How to replant myrtle (video)

Caring for myrtle at home

In order for myrtle not to dry out and die, to retain its decorative appeal for many years, and also to please the amateur gardener with abundant and stable flowering, the plant needs to be provided with a comfortable stay and competent care at all stages of the growing season.

Lighting, temperature and humidity

Bright natural light is one of the main requirements for growing myrtle in indoor floriculture. Throughout the year, illumination levels should be at least 6000-8000 lux. A sufficient amount of sunlight guarantees a dense and dense crown., as well as stable and abundant flowering.

Best place flower pot with a plant on the south, south-east and south-west windows, without shading. When grown on northern windows, strong elongation of shoots, paleness and falling of leaves, and lack of flowering are observed. If necessary, the perennial needs to be provided with additional illumination with sufficiently powerful, special phytolamps for ten hours.

The temperature should be moderately warm in spring and summer, at 18-25°C. Wintering is carried out in a cool room, at a temperature within 5-8°C. If in winter the plant is grown at too high a temperature, then partial leaf shedding is often observed. Besides everything else, when not high temperature In winter, flower buds are formed.

Very important parameter When cultivating home myrtle, it is important to maintain optimal indoor air humidity levels within 60-65%. If the air in the room is excessively dry, the crown of the ornamental tree should be sprayed regularly. It is also recommended to sometimes give the plant a warm shower to refresh the foliage and remove all dust accumulations from it.

Features and frequency of watering

Adult ornamental plants require fairly frequent and abundant irrigation. At the stage of activation of the growing season, the decorative crop is watered immediately after the top layer of soil in the flower pot has dried.

In winter, at the dormant stage, cool temperature regime allows you to make irrigation activities less frequent . Important to remember, that both waterlogging and drying out of the soil is very dangerous for the crop. In the first case, very often the plant is affected by a fungal infection. For irrigation, settled and soft water at room temperature is used.

Fertilizing

For the full development of myrtle, maintaining intensive growth processes and abundant flowering, the perennial must be properly fed. For this purpose, you can use any universal fertilizers suitable for feeding decorative deciduous and flowering indoor plants. This fertilizer is diluted in accordance with the instructions supplied by the manufacturer. There is no need to feed the crop in winter.

Pruning and crown formation

Decorative perennials of any variety tolerate pruning and pinching very well, regardless of the time of year. However, one must take into account the fact that in adult wintering plants that are in the dormant stage, only a couple of branches can be cut off painlessly.

For actively vegetating specimens that are in the stage of growth and development, radical pruning of the crown is ideal. The best time For pruning it is spring or the last ten days of winter. Cuttings can be used to propagate indoor plants vegetatively.

Possible problems during cultivation

If it is completely impossible to move a flower pot with indoor myrtle to a room with a low temperature regime, it is necessary to fence off part of the window sill space with ordinary plastic film. Besides everything else, it is very important to systematically spray the leaves with a spray bottle settled water at room temperature. Stretching of shoots is the main sign of a lack of natural solar lighting, so the indoor flower will need to be illuminated with special phytolamps.

Reproduction and pruning of myrtle (video)

Myrtle is one of the heat-loving indoor perennials native to the Mediterranean. This decorative crop is perfect for interior decoration, and also has a number of useful properties, which determines its high popularity.

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How to properly care for myrtle at home

Myrtle- this is very interesting plant, part of the corresponding Myrtaceae family. It grows in Mediterranean countries with subtropical climatic conditions. In general, the name itself is of Greek origin and comes from the word “incense.” This name is explained by the fact that the leaves and flowers of this plant contain essential oils, which emit a very pleasant and soothing aroma.

Externally myrtle is a beautiful small tree with elongated and pointed leaves arranged oppositely. The leaves are bright green in color and their petioles are short.

How to water?

When caring for myrtle, it is very important to ensure regular watering: We must not forget that the plant comes from the subtropics, and therefore loves moisture very much. Along with watering, the tree should be sprayed daily. If the soil is not sufficiently moistened, the plant will begin to turn yellow and dry out.

In winter, the watering rules change somewhat: it is necessary to switch to a moderate mode, i.e. one watering per week. There is also no need for spraying (unless the tree is left in a warm room).

Lighting

It is best to place myrtle on the south side of the house. In principle, myrtle will grow on the eastern side and even on the western side. But it is in this place, on the southern windows, that the plant will feel as comfortable as possible and will be able to bloom. At the same time, keep in mind that at midday, especially in summer, the tree should be somewhat shaded. To do this, use a screen or curtain.

Temperature and humidity

When choosing a temperature regime, you should again take into account the natural habitat of the plant. For this reason, in summer the optimal temperature is about 22-24 degrees. It will be useful to take the tree out into the garden or onto the balcony. If you keep myrtle in your apartment all the time, do not forget to ventilate the room.

With all this, it is necessary to ensure an appropriate level of humidity: in summer it should be quite high.

A little about feeding

When caring for myrtle, you can safely use complex fertilizers, intended for flowering indoor plants. In summer, the optimal frequency of feeding is weekly. In winter, this can be done monthly.

Transplanting myrtle

Myrtle is a slow-growing plant, and therefore it is not recommended to replant it too often. At the same time, all young trees should be replanted annually, increasing the volume of the pot. Adult plants can be in one pot for about 3-4 years.
The most optimal time for replanting is winter, when the tree is dormant.

The entire transplant process looks like this:

It is first recommended to dry the earthen ball, for which you do not water for several days. This will make it easier to remove the plant;
Then you simply need to turn over the old pot with the plant and carefully pull out the tree, holding it by the base of the trunk;
The roots of the plant need to be treated with some kind of stimulant, which will improve the survival rate of myrtle;
The new pot is filled with expanded clay. We should not forget about drainage;
Then the substrate is prepared. By the way, both during the initial landing and subsequently best option the substrate is peat and turf soil (30% each), as well as humus and river or sifted sand (20% each);
The finished substrate is poured onto the bottom of the pot;
The plant is installed in a new pot, covered with substrate, leveled;
After replanting, water the myrtle thoroughly until water seeps out of the drainage hole;

After all stages, the tree is transferred to a shaded place.

Myrtle propagation

There are two ways to propagate myrtle:

Cuttings;
Seeds.

Propagation by cuttings will occur if the soil temperature reaches 25 degrees. This is an extremely important condition.

Propagation is carried out using apical cuttings.

A cutting that has reached a length of 7-9 cm must be cut from a side shoot. You can also use a shorter cutting (5-7 cm), but in this case it is necessary to cut it from the main, but not flowering, shoot. Lower leaves need to be removed and the formed cut processed using Kornevin.
The next step is planting cuttings. A mixture of sand and peat is ideal for this purpose. The cuttings are placed in this mixture and covered with a loose film on top. The rooting process occurs at room temperature. The result appears after approximately 2-3 weeks.

Another propagation option is using seeds. This method has a significant drawback: the seeds take a long time to germinate. But many are already familiar with such difficulties and may try to grow myrtle this way. To propagate by seeds, you need to prepare a substrate consisting of peat and sand. It is also recommended to sprinkle the mixture with a little soil. The substrate and soil on top are covered with plastic film.

For successful germination, it is important to meet two conditions:

Provide diffused light;
Monitor the temperature, which should be maintained at 21 degrees.

It is equally important to form a crown with this method of reproduction:

You need to pinch the sprout at a certain height. Flowering of young plants should be expected in the second or third year.

Those who want to get myrtle flowers should know that to do this they should not prune the plant in the spring. In general, it is better to postpone pruning until flowering has ended.

The flowering period is the beginning and middle of summer, June-July. In order for the flowers to turn out beautiful, two rules must be observed:

Provide proper care for the tree;
Provide constant access to fresh air for the plant.

Inadequate care will lead to the development of diseases, and in this case there will be no need to talk about flowering. No flowering is observed even when myrtle is kept in room conditions, where there is predominantly stagnant air.

The flowers themselves on the tree in question are arranged like this:

Or singly in leaf axils;
Or being collected in brushes.

There are usually 4-6 petals, but the flowers themselves are simple and double. The main part of the flowers is located in the upper part of the plant, since that is where the best illumination is.

Diseases and pests of myrtle, methods of combating them

To begin with, we note that myrtle does not have any special diseases or serious problems. But individual ailments can still sometimes occur.

For example, in conditions of poorly drained soil, a tree may develop root rot. Certain problems may arise due to non-compliance with key rules of care: provision insufficient lighting, poor watering. It is important to always take into account the fact that myrtle is a very fastidious plant, and therefore each condition for its care must be observed as precisely as possible.

Also, the tree is often attacked by insects: these can be thrips, scale insects, spider mites, and aphids. For this reason, you need to carefully monitor the condition of the plant and, if there are any negative signs, carefully inspect it for the presence of insects. This requirement is especially relevant in relation to old plants.

If pests are still found, then it is necessary to purchase the appropriate drug to combat them. This product must be used in strict accordance with the instructions.

Frequently Asked Questions on Growing Myrtle

Those who grow myrtle often have certain questions. We will look at the most common of them, and also try to give extremely detailed answers.

Myrtle not growing?

The lack of tree growth can be associated with various factors. Here you need to, firstly, take into account that myrtle, in principle, does not grow too quickly. In addition, one should not expect active growth from it in the very first stages of development. For the rest, try to provide high-quality care and feed the plant well.

Myrtle not blooming?

The tree will not bloom in several cases. So, if you pruned the plant in the spring, then you should forget about flowering this year. There will be no flowers even when the myrtle is kept in a poorly ventilated room.

Are myrtle leaves withering?

In winter, myrtle may be left without leaves if its temperature is too high for a dormant period. A similar picture can be observed if the basic rules relating to watering the plant, spraying it and feeding it are not followed. Thus, the leaves of a tree can wilt when water stagnates in the pan. Or, on the contrary, it can happen if the soil dries out excessively between waterings. Among other things, the cause of leaf wilting can be excess sunlight. Therefore, when the first signs of myrtle wilting are detected, it is important to move it to a place protected from exposure to sunlight, adjust watering and start spraying more often.

Is it poisonous?

Myrtle leaves are slightly poisonous. Long-term exposure to substances contained in the leaves can cause nausea and headaches in the most sensitive people.

Video on caring for myrtle at home

Thus, when caring for myrtle, it is important to understand that this plant does not accept any deviations from the key rules of caring for it. We must not forget about the frequency and abundance of watering, spraying, and fertilizing. It is necessary to provide the plant with a flow of fresh air. Finally, it needs to be replanted periodically. If you follow all the advice and take into account all the nuances, you will be able to fully enjoy the beauty of this unusual tree.

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Mythology

In ancient times, myrtle was an attribute of the goddess Venus and her three maids - the three graces. During the Renaissance, the evergreen myrtle began to symbolize eternal love, especially marital fidelity.

During the Renaissance, the evergreen myrtle began to symbolize eternal love, especially marital fidelity.

The word “myrtle” itself is of Greek origin. Legend has it that the nymph Myrsina, whom Athena herself admired and admired, defeated this supreme goddess of Olympus in a running competition. Envy overshadowed her admiration for her favorite, and Athena killed the nymph in revenge for her hurt pride. But having come to her senses, she was horrified and began to pray to the council of the Olympian gods so that they would leave her at least some memory of Mirsin. The gods took pity, and from the body of the deceased, an elegant plant, like the nymph herself, grew - myrtle. According to legend, Aphrodite was crowned with a wreath of myrtle during the famous dispute, thanks to which Paris gave her his apple. Since then, myrtle has become the favorite flower of the goddess of love and beauty, sometimes she even called herself Myrthea. Many myrtle bushes were planted around the temples of Aphrodite, and during the annual festivals in honor of this goddess, everyone was decorated with myrtle wreaths.

Myrtle © Giancarlo Dessì

Peculiarities

Bloom: usually in summer and until mid-autumn.

Height: Myrtle grows quite slowly: annual growth is 10-15 cm.

Light: bright diffused; The plant can tolerate some amount of sunlight.

Temperature: in spring and summer moderate or slightly below moderate, 18-20°C; During the winter months, the myrtle tree is best kept at a temperature of 5°C and not higher than 8-10°C.

Watering: from spring to autumn it is regular and abundant (as the top layer of the substrate dries), in winter it is limited.

Air humidity: From spring to autumn the plant is sprayed.

Feeding: From spring to autumn, myrtle is fertilized weekly with flower fertilizer.

Trimming: Plants can withstand pruning and trimming, so they can be given any shape.

Rest period: in winter; The plant is kept in a bright, cool (5-10°C) place with limited watering.

Transfer: young plants are replanted every year in the spring, without burying the base of the trunk into the soil; later replanting is carried out if necessary after 2-3 years.

Reproduction: The plant propagates by seeds and cuttings.

Myrtle © Forest & Kim Starr

Care

Myrtle loves cool weather; in spring and summer it needs moderate or slightly below moderate temperatures (18-20°C). During the winter months, the myrtle tree is best kept at a temperature of 5°C and not higher than 8-10°C. At higher than optimal winter temperatures, the plant may lose its leaves.

Myrtle needs an influx of fresh air.

From spring to autumn, myrtle is fertilized, as already noted, weekly with flower fertilizer.

Myrtle has a pronounced dormant period. Depending on the position in the room, myrtle is at rest from 3 (on the north window) to 1.5 (on the south) months.

Myrtle easily tolerates cutting, and it can be given a very fancy shape. Several ways of forming a plant are given: “If myrtle (that’s what myrtle was called in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century) is left to itself, then the plant will take the shape of a pyramid. If you cut off the top shoot, it takes the form of a bush; if, finally, you cut off the side shoots, then the myrtle takes the form of a crowned tree and branches at the top.” However, the author does not advise getting too carried away with pruning side shoots, especially in young plants, since the myrtle stem is not strong enough. Also, you should not pinch young shoots too often - this reduces the intensity of flowering. Therefore, when caring for myrtle, you need to decide what is preferable - highly branching compact bushes or beautifully flowering specimens with a loose crown.

Young plants are replanted every year in the spring, without burying the base of the trunk into the soil; later replanting is carried out if necessary after 2-3 years. The following mixtures are recommended as a substrate: 1) turf-humus-peat soil and sand in equal parts; 2) ordinary greenhouse soil; 3) clay-turf-peat-humus soil and sand (1:1:1:0.5). The pH of the substrate should be around 5-6. The bottom of the pot provides a good layer of drainage.

Myrtle © Forest & Kim Starr

Reproduction

Myrtle is propagated by seeds and cuttings.

Myrtle propagation by seeds

For sowing, we make a mixture of peat and sand in a 1:1 ratio (you can mix peat with vermiculite (1:1)). The substrate is moistened (the substrate can be shed with a fungicide).

The seeds are distributed over the surface of the substrate and sprinkled with a thin layer of substrate on top. The container with the seeds is covered with glass or a transparent bag (or cling film). The temperature is maintained at least +18-20°C. Ventilate periodically by removing the cover. The substrate must be kept moist; try not to over-moisten or over-dry.

Typically, seedlings germinate in 7-14 days. When the seedlings grow two true leaves, they are planted in pots of the appropriate size. The substrate is made up of turf soil - 1 part, humus - 1 part, peat soil - 1 part and sand - 1 part. After transshipment, seedlings may freeze in growth for some time; after a while they usually begin to grow again.

After entwining a clod of earth with roots, transshipment is done. Further care is the same as for adult plants.
Myrtle grown from seeds blooms in the 5th year of life.

Propagation by cuttings

Myrtle is propagated by semi-lignified cuttings in January-February and in July in summer. Cuttings are taken from the lower and middle parts of the crown, cutting size is 5-8 cm; To reduce evaporation, half of the existing leaves are cut off and the remaining ones are shortened. It is useful to treat the cut with growth stimulants. N. Tsybulya and co-authors recommend using heteroauxin in a mixture with ascorbic acid (0.25% 0). Root in boxes, bowls, wide low pots in a mixture of leaf soil and coarse sand, or sphagnum and sand in a cool (16-20°C) shaded place. The cuttings are watered, sprayed and covered with glass or plastic film. Occasionally the soil is ventilated to avoid rotting of the cuttings and souring of the soil. Cuttings take root within 20-30 days. Rooted cuttings are planted in 7-centimeter pots. The substrate is made up of turf soil - 1 part, humus - 1 part, peat soil - 1 part and sand - 1 part. Water generously. Young plants are pinched to stimulate flowering. After entwining a clod of earth with roots, transshipment occurs. A plant from cuttings blooms in 3-4 years.

Myrtle

Kinds

One species is widely known in culture - Common myrtle M. communis.

Common myrtle (Myrtus communis). It grows in the undergrowth of evergreen oaks and pines and in bushes in the Mediterranean region, the Azores, and North Africa. Trees or shrubs up to 3-4 m tall; shoots are 4-sided, finely hairy, rounded, glabrous. The leaves are opposite, sometimes collected in groups of 3, ovate, lanceolate, 2-4 (to 5) cm long and 1-2 cm wide, pointed, leathery, entire, smooth, glabrous, glossy. If you look at a myrtle leaf in the light, you can see small dots filled with essential oil, thanks to which the plant emits a pleasant aroma. The white flowers of the plant are the most fragrant. They are small (up to 2 cm in diameter), five-petaled, located one at a time on long stalks. Numerous golden stamens give them a special uniqueness.
In nature, myrtle reaches a height of 3-5 m. In cultivation, the plant is low (about 60 cm), rarely reaching 1 m.

Common myrtle has many cultural forms, differing in leaf position and flowering ability.

Myrtle © rafael Jimenez

Possible difficulties

Myrtle © Giancarlo Dessì

Pests primarily attack old specimens. This is also facilitated by too high air temperatures in winter.

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An evergreen shrub, a plant of travelers and a symbol of good fortune - myrtle - welcome guest on summer cottage and at home. In today's article you will learn how to make myrtle bloom at home, the reasons why myrtle does not bloom and how to correct care without undesirable consequences for the plant.

Why doesn't myrtle bloom at home?

The myrtle tree came to our homes from southern regions, where there is no end to the abundance of sunshine, fresh air and humid climate. There are several mistakes in care due to which myrtle does not bloom at home. Let's look at them in detail to then find a solution, how to make myrtle bloom at home.

— 6 possible reasons:

Problems with the lack of flowering of myrtle, as we found out, are mainly based on improper care or unsuitable growing conditions. What to do to make myrtle bloom at home? You just need to correct what is not suitable for maintaining the myrtle tree and enjoy the results.

We return bright lighting to myrtle at home and extend daylight hours. On hot summer days we shade from direct sunlight, and the rest of the time we increase the volume of lighting.
We spend a period of rest, stopping watering and lowering the air temperature to 8-10° C. The plant should be brought to a room temperature of 20-23° C during the day and 18° C at night.
The soil mixture for planting myrtle should consist of: peat, humus, turf soil, sand. Regularly feed with mineral fertilizers.
A lack of phosphorus and potassium, as well as an excess of nitrogen, lead to a suspension of flowering. It is necessary to adjust the volumes of fertilizers applied.
Myrtle should be watered frequently, without over-wetting the soil mixture. Excess water drain, dry the soil in the pot at home, then repeat moistening.
Prune myrtle for flowering and crown formation every year. You can also give it a decorative shape at your discretion.

Pinching or how to make myrtle bloom at home

Shchitovka;
Spider mite;

Correct care - maintaining air humidity and temperature, regular watering, removing old shoots, inspection– allow you to protect the plant from unexpected diseases. The ancient flower culture itself is happy to decorate the windowsill at home, giving the gardener essential oils from the leaves, decoctions and infusions that strengthen the immune system. Myrtle is also useful indirectly - it fills the house with love and peace, and the owner with happiness and luck. Especially popular among women.

READ ALSO:

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Caring for myrtle at home

Watering

Homemade myrtle is unpretentious in care. It will take up little space and growing will not be difficult. Ensure timely watering and spraying. The plant loves moisture very much. During the period of active growth - spring and summer - the soil should be constantly moist. During this period, it is also advisable to spray the myrtle foliage daily. Sometimes you can take a warm shower. Use softened, settled water for watering and spraying. Reduce watering when temperatures drop. Under no circumstances allow the earthen clod to dry out; if this happens, the myrtle begins to dry out and fall off.

Excessive watering is another destructive extreme, fraught with rotting of the roots. Avoid stagnation of water in the tray and pot.

Lighting

Myrtle likes bright light with some direct sunlight, but at midday it is better to shade a little. If the myrtle tree is constantly kept in the shade, even if all other rules of care are provided, it will not bloom. Myrtle is not afraid of drafts. On the contrary, air currents will better distribute favorable phytoncides.

Temperature

The plant will do well in cool rooms. A moderate or slightly below moderate air temperature (within 18-23°C) is suitable. To get abundant flowering, provide cool air temperatures in winter between 6-8°C. If this is not possible, you can winter in a warmer room, but with more frequent watering and spraying.

Why does myrtle shed its leaves?

In winter, during work heating systems, the air becomes warm and dry - this may cause myrtle leaves to fall off. Don’t despair; continue to water the plant moderately and by spring it will green up again. A myrtle that has had a warm winter will most likely not bloom. In summer, myrtle can be taken out into the open air.

Feeding

For successful growth and good development indoor myrtle needs to be fed. Apply organic matter once every two weeks. mineral fertilizers. No fertilizing is needed during wintering.

How to trim and shape the crown of myrtle

Common myrtle is usually grown indoors. It tolerates pruning well. Even if the myrtle does not bloom, the formation of the crown will allow you to grow beautiful tree like a bonsai. Do not expose the trunk too much, because it is not very strong. Leave as many side shoots as possible. However, if you want the tree to bloom, you shouldn’t get carried away with pruning, otherwise flower buds will not form.

Trimming myrtle on video:

Transfer

Home myrtle can grow for a very long time; it does not need to be renewed every few years, like many other plants, but it still needs to be replanted. This is done before active growth begins - in early spring. Young plants will need an additive every year, adults - as needed (every 2-3 years). Suitable substrate there will be a mixture: turf soil + humus soil + peat + sand, mix in proportions 2: 1: 1: 1. Be sure to place drainage at the bottom of the pot.

Growing myrtle from seeds

Reproduction by seeds and cuttings is possible. During seed propagation, varietal characteristics may be lost if the seeds are taken from hybrid bushes. Only fresh seeds germinate well. Wash the seeds without pericarp in a weak solution of potassium permanganate and dry.

Plant in pots using light soil. The seeding depth is 0.5 cm. Cover with film or glass to create a greenhouse effect. Place in a warm, lit place, avoiding direct sunlight.

Ventilate the seedlings regularly, moisten the soil, but do not flood it. Expect shoots to emerge in 1.5-2 months; once they appear, the film must be removed. When the seedlings grow up, they are planted in separate pots. When reaching a height of 15-20 cm, you need to pinch out young shoots, stimulating the growth of new ones. Myrtle grown from seeds will bloom by the 5th year of life.

Propagation of myrtle by cuttings

It is easier to grow myrtle from stem cuttings. They take root very well.

Take cuttings in early summer from the top non-flowering shoots.
The cuttings should have 3-4 pairs of leaves.
Approximately 1 cm of the lower part of the cutting should be immersed in a phytohormone solution and left for about 2 hours, then rinsed with clean water.
Plant the cuttings in a damp sand-peat mixture, deepen it into three nodes at an angle of 45-50°.
Cover the top with film or cut transparent plastic bottle and place in a warm, shady place.
Ventilate the seedlings. New shoots will appear in about a month.
Then the shelter needs to be removed and placed in a bright place.

In the future, care for it as you would for an adult plant. This myrtle should bloom in 2-3 years.

Video about cutting myrtle:

Diseases and pests of myrtle

Myrtle diseases occur due to improper watering. It is important to constantly keep the soil moist, but to avoid stagnation of water in the flowerpot and tray itself. Excessive watering can trigger the onset of root rot, which will spread further and the plant will simply die. Due to dry air and insufficient watering, the foliage may turn yellow and fall off, but moderate watering will restore the plant. Also during this period, spider mites can attack. You recognize their appearance by the presence of cobwebs. The leaves, especially on the underside, need to be washed with water or a weak tobacco solution, sprayed with ground sulfur or insecticides applied (spraying in the open air).

When scale insects appear on a plant, it may secrete resin and the leaves and stems become covered with dark spots. The plant can be treated with a soap and tobacco solution. If scale insects have already become clearly visible, soak a swab in vodka or denatured alcohol and remove the pests mechanically. Then treat with an insecticide or, more gently, with a soap solution to completely destroy the larvae.

If the leaves dry out and curl, most likely, aphids have appeared - small insects of green, black or gray, located on the bottom of the sheet. They reproduce very quickly. Immediately treat with special preparations that are sold in flower shops.

Types and varieties of myrtle

Common myrtle Myrtus communis

The Russian interpretation of the Latin name - Myrtle Communis - is an evergreen tree that reaches a height of 50 cm to a meter in indoor conditions. The leaves are small, glossy, leathery, oblong, arranged oppositely.

Variegata Myrtus Variegata

The foliage is variegated, the edges of the leaves are covered with dots and stripes of amber color. The flowers are miniature, beige-snow-white in color with golden stamens, and exude a pleasant aroma. Suitable for growing indoors. This species is revered as a symbol of fertility.

Myrtle Hymen variety - the name was received in honor of the God of Marriage, people call it the happiness of the bride. We honor it as a symbol of youth and beauty. It is an evergreen shrub reaching up to natural environment height 3-5 m, in the room - about 1 meter. The leaves are miniature, lanceolate, emerald in color. The flowers are snow-white with a large number of golden stamens, 1.5-2 cm in diameter. At the end of flowering, blue-black berries are formed, which have an intense, pleasant aroma.

Bigleaf Myrtle Myrtus macrophylla

It has a powerful antibacterial effect, eliminating pathogenic bacteria and rods. Helps in the fight against flu, sore throat, sinusitis; in the prevention of treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, prostatitis.

The plant reaches a height of 3-4 m. The tetrahedral stems are covered with large leaves (up to 5 cm in length). The leaves are glossy, with pointed edges, arranged oppositely. A five-petalled snow-white flower with symmetrical golden stamens.

Myrtus Alhambra

Beautiful ornamental plant, suitable for growing in wild and domestic conditions. The leaves are compacted, with a high content of essential oils. The flowers are small, white, fragrant. They bloom in late spring. After flowering, white, fragrant fruits are formed.

Myrtus Tarentina

Dwarf form of the common subspecies. Small white flowers cover the plant profusely. The leaves are elongated, reach 1.5 cm, the edges are serrated, pointed, colored emerald, attached to shortened petioles. The plant has a fast growth rate. In nature it grows about 5 m tall, in indoor conditions - up to 1 meter.

Lemon Myrtle Myrtus lemon

Exudes a pleasant lemon aroma. Originally from the tropics of Australia. Widely used in cooking. It is used to make essential oil, various sauces, dressings, syrups and lemon drinks. Dry leaves are used as seasoning.

Small-leaved myrtle Myrtus communis microphylla

The small-leaved form of the common myrtle captivates with its unique elegance with many small, densely planted dense leaves that completely cover the crown of the tree. Along with abundant flowering turns the myrtle tree into a festive decoration for any room.

How to prepare a tincture of myrtle leaves?

It's quite easy to do this yourself. Take a liter jar, put about 100 g of leaves in it and fill 500 g with 60-70% alcohol or vodka. For two weeks you need to infuse the mixture in a dark place. It is advisable to shake the jar daily. Then filter the infusion. To prevent diseases, you need to take 20 drops of infusion 30 minutes before meals 3 times a day.

You can benefit from the plant simply by placing it in the room: it will purify the air from various viruses and microbes. It is not recommended to place myrtle in the bedroom. You will surely love the aroma exuded by the tree. Myrtle is ideal for both home and office.

Myrtle is a symbol of a strong, prosperous, friendly family. Will a great gift newlyweds and already “experienced” families.

Legends, beliefs about myrtle, its medicinal and other beneficial properties

An ancient legend says that Adam brought myrtle from Paradise. The ancient Greeks considered myrtle sacred. Myrtle was also revered by the Romans, Egyptians, and Jews. Myrtle was credited with the ability to restore youth to aging facial skin, and it gave strength and vigor to travelers. For Catholics, myrtle is the personification of the spirit of the Virgin Mary, so the peoples of Northern Europe consider it a talisman for women. With the birth of my daughter, a myrtle tree was grown, and at her wedding, myrtle branches were used to decorate the veil and the bride’s outfit, bridal bouquet. That is why myrtle is sometimes called the bride tree.

Myrtle means "balm" in Greek. Its flowers and leathery leaves exude phytoncides - useful material, capable of not only protecting the plant from diseases, but also purifying the air around it, relieving fatigue, and creating a positive mood.

Myrtle essential oil is widely used in medicine and perfumery. Wipe your face with myrtle tincture, which refreshes the skin better than any lotion. Myrtle tincture or a decoction of bark and leaves is used in the treatment of diseases of the throat and respiratory tract, diseases of the genitourinary system and gastrointestinal tract, and treats various suppurations and poorly healing wounds.

In ancient times, myrtle fruits were infused into wine, considering it a good tonic, a real elixir of health.

Be careful with folk remedies treatment, be sure to consult your doctor. Myrtle treatment should be used with caution by elderly people and pregnant women.

Dried fruits and leaves are used as a spice. When baking, smoking, grilling meat or fish, adding a sprig of myrtle will give them a special aroma. Remove leaves after cooking. By the way, the spice clove is a product of one of the types of myrtle tree.

An evergreen shrub, a plant of travelers and a symbol of a happy destiny, myrtle is a welcome guest in the summer cottage and at home. In today's article you will learn how to make myrtle bloom at home, the reasons why myrtle does not bloom and how to correct care without undesirable consequences for the plant.

Why doesn't myrtle bloom at home?

The myrtle tree came to our homes from the southern regions, where there is no end to the abundance of sunshine, fresh air and humid climate. There are several mistakes in care due to which myrtle does not bloom at home. Let's look at them in detail to then find a solution, how to make myrtle bloom at home.

Why doesn't myrtle bloom? — 6 possible reasons:

We return bright lighting to myrtle at home and extend daylight hours. On hot summer days we shade from direct sunlight, and the rest of the time we increase the volume of lighting.
We spend a period of rest, stopping watering and lowering the air temperature to 8-10° C. The plant should be brought to a room temperature of 20-23° C during the day and 18° C at night.
The soil mixture for planting myrtle should consist of: peat, humus, turf soil, sand. Regularly feed with mineral fertilizers.
A lack of phosphorus and potassium, as well as an excess of nitrogen, lead to a suspension of flowering. It is necessary to adjust the volumes of fertilizers applied.
Myrtle should be watered frequently, without over-wetting the soil mixture. Drain off excess water, dry the soil in the pot at home, then repeat moistening.
Prune myrtle for flowering and crown formation every year. You can also give it a decorative shape at your discretion.

Pinching or how to make myrtle bloom at home

Shchitovka;
Spider mite;

(3 rated, rating: 8,67 out of 10)

Myrtle is a plant for those who love peace, comfort and tranquility. Myrtle is an evergreen shrub or tree that belongs to the Myrtaceae family, which has about one hundred species. Myrtle is native to the Mediterranean and grows naturally in tropical and subtropical climate zones. In Crimea, the Caucasus, and on the Black Sea coast, myrtle is grown in open ground as an ornamental plant. In a greenhouse it grows up to 2 meters, but when grown in a pot it is modest in size. Myrtle leaves are small, glossy, ovoid, arranged oppositely.

The trunk is woody and branches well. Myrtle blooms are small, solitary, fragrant flowers white. They appear in the axils of the leaves, rising on a long peduncle. Blooms from early summer. Pollinate indoor myrtle using a brush. In autumn, pollinated plants bear fruit - juicy, spicy dark blue berries appear. Seeds from the fruit can be used for propagation.

By providing the right care for the plant, myrtle will delight with its decorative effect throughout the year. Unpretentious, can live with you for a long time. It lends itself well to pruning, which allows you to form a beautiful crown in the form of a pyramid, ball and other shapes.

Caring for myrtle at home

Watering

Excessive watering is another destructive extreme, fraught with rotting of the roots. Avoid stagnation of water in the tray and pot.

Lighting

Temperature

Will do well in cool rooms. A moderate or slightly below moderate air temperature (within 18-23°C) is suitable. To get abundant flowering, provide cool air temperatures in winter between 6-8°C. If this is not possible, you can winter in a warmer room, but with more frequent watering and spraying.

Why does myrtle shed its leaves?

In winter, when heating systems are operating, the air becomes warm and dry - this can cause myrtle leaves to fall off. Don’t despair; continue to water the plant moderately and by spring it will green up again. A myrtle that has had a warm winter will most likely not bloom. In summer, myrtle can be taken out into the open air.

Feeding

For successful growth and good development, indoor myrtle needs to be fed. Apply organic mineral fertilizers once every two weeks. No fertilizing is needed during wintering.

How to trim and shape the crown of myrtle

Common myrtle is commonly grown. It tolerates pruning well. Even if the myrtle does not bloom, the formation of the crown will allow you to grow a beautiful bonsai-type tree. Do not expose the trunk too much, because it is not very strong. Leave as many side shoots as possible. However, if you want the tree to bloom, you should not get carried away with pruning, otherwise flower buds will not form.

Trimming myrtle on video:

Transfer

Home myrtle can grow for a very long time; it does not need to be renewed every few years, like many other plants, but it still needs to be replanted. This is done before active growth begins - in early spring. Young plants will need an additive every year, adults - as needed (every 2-3 years). A suitable substrate would be a mixture: turf soil + humus soil + peat + sand, mix in proportions 2:1:1:1. Be sure to place drainage at the bottom of the pot.

Growing myrtle from seeds

Reproduction by cuttings is also possible. During seed propagation, varietal characteristics may be lost if the seeds are taken from hybrid bushes. Only fresh seeds germinate well. Wash the seeds without pericarp in a weak solution of potassium permanganate and dry.

Plant in pots using light soil. The seeding depth is 0.5 cm. Cover with film or glass to create a greenhouse effect. Place in a warm, lit place, avoiding direct sunlight.

Propagation of myrtle by cuttings

It is easier to grow myrtle from stem cuttings. They take root very well.

Take cuttings in early summer from the top non-flowering shoots.
It should have 3-4 pairs of leaves.
Approximately 1 cm of the lower part of the cutting should be immersed in a phytohormone solution and left for about 2 hours, then rinsed with clean water.
Plant the cuttings in a damp sand-peat mixture, deepen it into three nodes at an angle of 45-50°.
Cover the top with film or a cut-out transparent plastic bottle and place in a warm, shady place.
Ventilate the seedlings. New shoots will appear in about a month.
Then the shelter needs to be removed and placed in a bright place.

In the future, care for it as you would for an adult plant. This myrtle should bloom in 2-3 years.

Video about cutting myrtle:

Diseases and pests of myrtle

If the leaves dry out and curl, most likely there are aphids - small green, black or gray insects located on the bottom of the leaf. They reproduce very quickly. Immediately treat with special preparations that are sold in flower shops.

Types and varieties of myrtle

Common myrtle Myrtus communis

Variegata Myrtus Variegata

Myrtle Hymen variety - the name was received in honor of the God of Marriage, people call it the happiness of the bride. We honor it as a symbol of youth and beauty. This is an evergreen shrub, reaching a height of 3-5 m in the natural environment, and about 1 meter in a room. The leaves are miniature, lanceolate, emerald in color. The flowers are snow-white with a large number of golden stamens, 1.5-2 cm in diameter. At the end of flowering, blue-black berries are formed, which have an intense, pleasant aroma.

Myrtus Alhambra

An excellent ornamental plant, suitable for growing in wild and domestic conditions. The leaves are compacted, with a high content of essential oils. The flowers are small, white, fragrant. They bloom in late spring. After flowering, white, fragrant fruits are formed.

Myrtus Tarentina

Lemon Myrtle Myrtus lemon

Small-leaved myrtle Myrtus communis microphylla

The small-leaved form of the common myrtle captivates with its unique elegance with many small, densely planted dense leaves that completely cover the crown of the tree. Along with abundant flowering, the myrtle tree turns into a festive decoration for any room.

How to prepare a tincture of myrtle leaves?

Myrtle is a symbol of a strong, prosperous, friendly family. It will be an excellent gift for newlyweds and established families.

Legends, beliefs about myrtle, its medicinal and other beneficial properties

An ancient legend says that Adam brought myrtle from Paradise. The ancient Greeks considered myrtle sacred. Myrtle was also revered by the Romans, Egyptians, and Jews. Myrtle was credited with the ability to restore youth to aging facial skin, and it gave strength and vigor to travelers. For Catholics, myrtle is the personification of the spirit of the Virgin Mary, so the peoples of Northern Europe consider it a talisman for women. With the birth of her daughter, a myrtle tree was grown, and at her wedding, myrtle branches were used to decorate the veil, the bride’s outfit, and the wedding bouquet. That is why myrtle is sometimes called the bride tree.

Myrtle means "balm" in Greek. Its flowers and leathery leaves exude phytoncides - useful substances that can not only protect the plant from diseases, but also purify the air around it, relieve fatigue, and create a positive mood.

In ancient times, myrtle fruits were infused into wine, considering it a good tonic, a real elixir of health.

Be careful with folk remedies, be sure to consult a doctor. Myrtle treatment should be used with caution by elderly people and pregnant women.

This plant is an evergreen woody flower that belongs to the Myrtaceae family, these flowers have some essential oils. IN wildlife it grows in the Azores, Mediterranean areas, and also in northern Africa. Nowadays, there are more than 50 species of myrtle plants; in natural conditions it can grow up to 3 m in height, and at home it grows up to a maximum of 1 meter. Most often, indoor common myrtle is beautiful tree, 25-60 centimeters high, with a round evergreen crown.

The Greek word "myrrh", taken as the basis for the name of this plant, means "incense or balm". The essential oil of this flower has been used since ancient times as a cult attribute in temples of various religions. Different types Myrtle trees differ significantly from each other in tree height, leaves, flowers, and fruit shade.

The flowers of this plant have long been used not only as a cult attribute, but also for medical and cosmetic purposes, and even in our time some medicinal preparations are made from it. For flower growers, the fragrant myrtle is an object of admiration and a source of aesthetic pleasure; besides, caring for myrtle at home is very simple and not complicated. With little effort, you can easily achieve the optimal crown shape, so the tree will become a real decoration of your home or apartment, and will delight you with beautiful flowering.

What is myrtle used for?

The flower is very beautiful, so now many people want to grow and propagate it at home. Myrtle will fit into any style of room and decorate any interior design.

In addition to decoration, many people plant this flower because of its beneficial properties. Its essential oils contain phytoncides that effectively purify the air in the room and kill bacteria and viruses. Thanks to this plant, a special microclimate is created in the room, which helps not to get colds, myrtle increases resistance to stress and human performance, and it also reduces allergic reactions in children.

Tinctures from flowers and leaves have an antibacterial effect, so cosmetic preparations have long been used to heal the skin and make it clean and well-groomed. Essential oils used for cooking different dishes and to create homemade medicines. Housewives add dried leaves from these trees to food as spices.

Basic rules for flower care

Caring for this plant is quite simple, but you need to follow some rules.

It must be remembered that the flower is a subtropical plant, so it needs high humidity. To create a climate similar to a subtropical one at home, you need to spray the leaves of this flower daily. It is necessary to water and spray myrtle soft water, which must first be defended for a couple of days. There is no need to specially soften the water for irrigation, because the presence of lime can have a detrimental effect on the plant.

It is best that the composition of the soil is as similar as possible to the soil where myrtle grows in natural conditions. Substrate or greenhouse soil can be purchased at the store, or you can prepare it at home. You need to take about one third of turf, one third of peat soil, add a little river sand and a little humus.

It is important to always remember that even short-term drying out of the soil in a pot has a very bad effect on myrtle; due to lack of moisture, the plant will turn yellow and wither. If for some reason it was not possible to water the flower in time, you need to immediately immerse the pot with the plant for a short time in a container of water. At the same time, stagnation of water in the container or in the ground is not allowed.

Caring for myrtle also includes regular fertilizing with complex fertilizers. You can buy them in the store. It is better to use products for flowering indoor plants.

The plant is not afraid of drafts, it likes to be in the fresh air for a long time, so many gardeners and housewives place it in frequently ventilated rooms, for example, on kitchen windowsill. Thanks to fresh air, the flower will very actively release phytoncides, which improve the atmosphere throughout the house.

Myrtle loves a lot of light, so best place For him, the apartment will have south windows. In principle, the plant will feel comfortable in other parts of the house, but you will only be able to see flowering if the tree receives a lot of sunlight. In addition, there are some subtleties of flower care in summer and winter.

Myrtle care in summer

In summer, the plant should not be allowed to overheat; it is necessary to create the correct temperature regime, the best temperature for the tree is 22-24 degrees. It is necessary to give the plant enough light, but the flower must be shaded. You can save myrtle from the summer sun by covering it with a curtain.

It is advisable, when it becomes warm outside, to move the tree to a gazebo or balcony where there is enough fresh air. If in summer the flower will be in an apartment, then the room must be ventilated several times a day.

The tree should be watered regularly, but not too much; feeding in the summer should be frequent, once every 7-10 days. Pruning and replanting of the plant is carried out only in the spring months. Myrtle should be replanted once every 2 years, because this plant does not like frequent changes of location.

Caring for myrtle in winter

In winter, this southern resident is dormant. Watering in winter should be minimal, but the soil should not be allowed to dry out. Usually myrtle is watered once every 7-10 days, which is enough for it. You need to spray the leaves only when the tree is located in a warm room. The flower is fed in winter about once a month, sometimes a little less often.

Myrtle should be placed in a bright but cool room. The optimal temperature in winter is +8 +10 degrees. If leaves begin to fall from the tree, this indicates a high temperature in the room. However, if a significant part of the leaves fall from the myrtle in winter, then this is not a cause for concern. In spring, the plant will regain its vitality and become lush again.

Tree pruning

Myrtle tolerates pruning painlessly, so its crown can be made into the required shape. In 1-2 years you can achieve the desired result. It is advisable not to cut off the side shoots, because the myrtle trunk is not very strong. It is better not to perform pinching and pruning too often, because these procedures interfere with the formation of flowers on the tree.

Important! When the myrtle is pruned, it is necessary to feed it with a houseplant fertilizer that does not contain chlorine.

Proper propagation of myrtle

To preserve maternal characteristics and characteristics, propagation of myrtle must be done by cuttings. This procedure is carried out at a soil temperature of at least 25 degrees. The flower can be propagated both in winter and summer.

You need to cut a cutting 6-10 centimeters long from a side shoot of myrtle. The cutting can be cut shorter, 5-7 centimeters long, but then it must be taken from the main, non-flowering shoot. All lower leaves it is necessary to pick it off and treat the cut site with the drug “Kornevin”.

Next, the cuttings need to be planted in a substrate consisting of sand and peat, and then cover the pot with film. Cuttings usually take root after 15-20 days with sufficient watering and suitable temperature. When roots appear on young plants, they can be planted in permanent pots.

In addition, at home, myrtle is sometimes propagated by seeds. However big drawback This method does not preserve the varietal characteristics of the flower. In addition, myrtle seeds germinate very slowly, so this method Not suitable for everyone.

The seeds need to be sown in early spring in a substrate of peat and sand, and a layer of soil is poured on top, and the container is covered with film. For seeds to germinate, you need diffused light and a temperature of 20-22 degrees. In about 10-15 days the first sprouts will hatch. When each of them has 4 leaves, the young myrtles need to be planted in different pots. Subsequently, when growing using this method, it is necessary to form a crown. The formation process is carried out by pinching the sprout at a certain height.

Under what conditions does myrtle bloom?

This plant usually blooms in summer. The flowers are regular or double, arranged in racemes or singly in the leaf axils. Most flowers are located in the most illuminated part of the plant - at the top.

For myrtle to bloom, you need to follow some rules:

You cannot prune the plant in the spring. It is better to prune the tree when flowering ends.
It is necessary that fresh air regularly reaches the plant in sufficient quantities. If the room is rarely ventilated, flowers will not appear.
You need to regularly water, spray the tree and feed it.

How and when is transplantation performed?

This flower grows quite slowly, so replanting is not done often. Despite this, young plant needs care - an annual increase in the volume of the pot. Mature trees are usually replanted every three to four years. It is best to replant myrtle in winter, when the plant's life activity slows down.

To make it easier to remove the tree from the pot, you need to not water it for a couple of days, thereby drying the earthen lump and not sticking to the container. Very carefully you need to pull out the myrtle along with the soil, you need to hold it by the trunk. Before boarding new pot you need to pour a little expanded clay for drainage, then add soil, install the plant and add substrate. Then you need to water the tree generously and move it to the shade.

So, caring for myrtle at home is quite simple and not burdensome. If you create a microclimate in the room that is as close as possible to subtropical, this flower will feel comfortable, like at home.

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