Primroses of the Crimean mountains. Methodological development of the lesson "Primroses of our Crimea" methodological development in ecology (grade 5) on the topic The first spring flowers in the Crimea

Spring in the Crimean mountains. One of the most interesting and impressive periods of the year.
When you start climbing, you have absolutely no idea what awaits you at the top.
It may be as hot as at the foot. Or maybe a chilly wind and night frosts.
There may be a gray landscape and heavy gray clouds overhead. Or maybe an incredibly beautiful dawn.
But the most beautiful thing in the mountains in spring is the wild flowers.
Behind them you climb all these hundreds of meters and walk kilometers along ridges and slopes.
And then emotions. Here it is - the first bud of dream grass today. You drop to your knees and take the first photo.
You look up. And there are dozens and hundreds of them around.
And on the right the Adonis buds are turning yellow and in the ravine, among the bushes, you notice islands of primrose...
Spring in the mountains...

2. Wild Adonis on the slopes of Mount Ai-Petri in the light of the April sun setting behind Mount Dome

3. Spring adonis or adonis is listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. Adonis is one of the best medicinal plants used for cardiac disorders, which led to a significant decrease in its population and almost extinction in Ukraine.
Minor populations of Adonis vernacular are found in the forest-steppe regions of Russia and Ukraine, some regions of Central Asia and the Crimea.


4. Other names for this plant: centaury, yellowflower, field dill, hare poppy, bathing grass, hair grass, consumable grass, starodubka, Montenegrin.


5. Adonis Bud


6.


7.


8. Grassy slopes strewn with yellow Adonis buds


9. In ravines, hollows, shady areas and among bushes at this time you can find entire fields of primrose.


10. The second name for primrose is primrose. It is one of the first to bloom in spring. Often long before the snow has completely melted.


11. Here in the mountains, the stems of the primrose are quite low. Often the flowers lie almost on the ground.


12. By the way, it’s interesting that bees don’t really like primrose because of the long flower tube, so honey from primrose is extremely rare


13. Several times on the slopes I came across areas with bright blue small flowers of Denhardt’s violet. This is a fairly common plant for the mountainous Crimea


14. And, of course, dream grass. Nowhere in Crimea have I seen such a rich abundance of these flowers as in some areas of the Ai-Petrinskaya Yaila and the Yalta Yaila.
According to the rescuers with whom I spend the night when I go to Ai-Petri, this year the dream grass is literally being mowed down by some unknown people. Apparently, again, for use as a medicinal plant.
So far, the dream grass is not listed in the Red Book, but something tells me that with this approach, the fate of spring Adonis will soon await it.


15. It is for the above reasons that I will not indicate the exact coordinates of those clearings where dream grass grows in large quantities. It’s good that some of them are also quite difficult to access.


16. Hundreds of shaggy purple buds on the slopes of Ai-Petri.


17. Parents keep an eye on their children, standing back to back...


18. Fogs are very frequent visitors to Ai-Petri. By and large, these are not even fogs, but just clouds that sit on the tops of the mountains


19. Glades of dream grass on foggy slopes


20.


21.


22. And there, below, the Black Sea


23. It would seem that all living things should have an instinct for self-preservation and the desire to live in the most favorable conditions. But for some reason the dream grass tries to find a place for itself on the slopes where strong winds blow


24. There is wind, fog, and constant showers of stones.


25. Like gladiators who defend themselves standing back to back


26.


27.


28.


29. Evening, sunset... The flower idyll ends... Or is it just beginning...

Crimea is amazing with its spring colors. Fresh, bright, juicy.
The forest was just getting ready to put on its green outfit, and in the grass there were already
bright dots pleasing to the eye - the first spring flowers. Primroses.

There were primroses for May, I wrote a more detailed article with 30 photos on a website with a beautiful Crimean name ipetri

This year, thanks to late spring, snowdrops were saved from the annual mass destruction. There was a lot of snow on March 8, and the Red Book flowers survived the women's holiday under the snow. Now, at the end of April, they are there, and it’s interesting. After all, in the past
of the year, mass flowering was observed in March.

2.

Primrose now dominates the foothills. A fruitful year!

3.

4.

5.

6.


It is extremely pleasant to hunt these spring flowers! The photo shows that the snowdrops have faded, giving way to their brothers.

Peter's cross scaly

Here's another photo:

8. Toothwort five-leaved

Spring inhabitants of yayla - lumbago or sleep grass. Now is the time for them to flourish!

9.

We visited Crimea for Easter. This year it fell in mid-April.
My daughter decorated it so interestingly Easter Egg that I could not determine the coloring method.
And can you? ;)
10.


These, as far as I understand, are forest violets.

But it’s still too early for pink peonies. They'll probably make it in time for May.

11.

In the Ak-Kai area we found thin-leaved peonies and were very happy, as if we were old acquaintances. Of course, we haven’t seen each other for a whole year! :)
12.

They didn't miss the willow either.

13.

And cherries...

14.

And tiny working beetles, pushing a huge ball together...

15.

first butterfly...

16.

The weather was favorable to us, we even got a tan.
Here's where most of the pictures were taken:
(bottom view)

17.

view from above:

18.

And a few more little ones.

19. Poultry farmer

The poultry bird gets along well with muscari.

20. Muscari

Actually:

21.

I will also ask you to identify the next kids. Hall help!

22.Forget-me-not small-flowered, Myosotis micrantha Pall. ex Lehm

23.

24. Bieberstein's tulip, species not identified.

25.

26. Periwinkle, Vinca minor
Periwinkle herbaceous, Vinca herbacea Walds

According to the Germans, periwinkle has the ability to ward off evil spirits. But for this it needs to be collected in the fall from August 15 to September 8. According to their beliefs, if you carry a periwinkle picked at this time with you, then neither the devil nor any other person will have any power over the wearer. devilry, and if you hang it above the front door of the house, then all this evil spirits will not have the power to penetrate the house. And therefore, a picked periwinkle should never be thrown into the trash, but always into a stream, so that it does not die of thirst. Periwinkle planted in the garden brings happiness, and placed in a bouquet - lasting love. (from Wikipedia)

Here's what I liked most:

27.

every flower had to prostrations beat:

28.

the locals laughed. shaking his tail))

29.

But the beauty was worth the work!

30. Adonis spring

Thank you for your attention and I would be grateful for your help in identifying specimens No. 7, No. 8 and from 22 to 30 photos.

Special thanks for the photo to the co-participants of the hike, Vladimir Erofeev,
Andrey Shpakovich and Nadezhda Kolbasko.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND YOUTH

REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF SIMFEROPOL DISTRICT STATE ADMINISTRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION "CENTER FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH CREATIVITY"

SIMFEROPOL DISTRICT STATE ADMINISTRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

Methodological development of the lesson “Primroses of our Crimea”

For 5th grade students, environmental and naturalistic clubs

Directions

Additional education teacher

Titles of eco-naturalism

Czech Department Lisyura Tatyana

Nikolaevna

Topic of the lesson: “Primroses of our Crimea”

Type: lesson in discovering new knowledge

Type: lesson-study

Target: .attracting attention to the problem of preserving primroses.

Objectives: educational:1) familiarize students with the main species diversity early flowering plants your locality; 2)develop knowledge about colors, their origin;.3) compose environmental regulations on plant protection.

Educational: 1) cultivate love and respect for plants; 2) instill love for the native land; 3) fostering a culture of communication with nature.

Educational: 1) develop logical thinking and attention; 2) develop creative abilities; 3) form an ecological worldview in schoolchildren.

Equipment: multimedia presentation"Primroses of our Crimea",exhibition of drawings, leaflets, posters.

Planned results:

1. Children will have the opportunity to understand the need for a careful and caring attitude towards nature, based on its moral, aesthetic and practical significance for a person.

2. Mastering the norms of behavior in the natural environment and observing them in practical activities and in everyday life.

3. Manifestation of an active attitude towards natural objects (effective care, the ability to evaluate the actions of other people in relation to nature).

PROGRESS OF THE CLASS

1) Organizational moment

Motivation of students.The teacher reads a poem:

Not far from the path
A flower stands on a thin stalk
And he moves his head round
Over the first, timid grass -
Watching with a wide eye
For everything in the world at once:

And in a puddle
Behind the duck
And for the boy
With a fishing rod
Behind the breezes
On the river
And clouds
In the distance
And behind the bumblebee in pajamas,
And - with horror! - behind us...

Igor Maznin

How did you imagine the flower?

Why is the flower “watching us with horror”?

Why have many plants become rare?

2) Statement of the problem.

The flora of Crimea is unique and inimitable. The flora of the peninsula includes more than 2,500 wild plants and about 1,500 plant species. Almost every tenth species of Crimean flora grows exclusively in Crimea and is not found anywhere else. When the snow melts in the Crimean mountains, the first heralds of Spring appear - primroses. Crimean primroses appear already at the end of February and beginning of March, much earlier than in many other regions. The Crimean land is rich in primroses. -In Crimea, fifteen species of Crimean primroses are listed in the Red Book. Currently, two new Red Books are being created in the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. They will include rare and endangered species of flora and fauna of the territory of the republic and the city of federal significance. Book lists today include more than 350 species of rare animals and about 450 species of plants.

After a long winter, people pluck delicate, beautiful flowers without pity, and yet many of them reproduce only by seeds. It turned out that the living conditions and habitat of many species are in danger of declining, even to the point of complete extinction of some species.

3) Formation of the topic and purpose of the lesson:Guys, today let us get to know those primroses that are endangered and need our protection and help.

4) Work on the topic.

Spring!!! . If the word “spring” actually comes from the ancient root “to go,” then it’s surprisingly accurate: in spring everything is in motion, everything goes! Grass, leaves, flowers are growing, streams are running, frogs and hares are jumping, birds are flying from the south and, of course, the very first and most beautiful flowers are blooming - primroses.

Will you go in early spring through a forest not yet covered with leaves and suddenly you stop, amazed by a miracle: in front of you is a whole lake of flowers. These are primroses. These plants are amazingly tender, amazingly beautiful, amazingly diverse. They are born among the snow and black earth, when people are still wrapped in warm clothes. A week later they are already blooming, and after a couple of weeks fruits with seeds appear. Fragile and persistent creatures. Withstanding the onslaught of nature, they are defenseless under the hand of man or the hoof of an animal. Very often they are carelessly torn into large bouquets. Early flowering plants (ephemeroids) are a special environmental group plants that are characterized by an unusual speed of development: they appear immediately after the snow melts, and by the beginning of summer they completely disappear. Despite the fact that these plants quickly fade, human economic activity negatively affects their diversity and abundance. Many types of ephemeroids are listed in the “Red Books” of various levels. If these flowers were left to grow in the forest, they would produce a great variety of seeds. Then, many years later, the glades would delight us with their magical colors.

In Rus' it was believed that primroses grow where the first lightning strikes. In Scandinavian legends, the primrose is nothing more than the key of the goddess of spring Freya, with which she unlocks the door to warmth after a long winter. And in the Middle Ages they were considered the keys of the Apostle Peter to the door to the kingdom of heaven, accidentally dropped to the ground. The leaves of primroses contain vitamin C; it is not for nothing that in England some primroses are used to prepare spring salads.

What allows primroses to grow under the snow?

By spring, the snow no longer lies in a continuous dense cap, but becomes crystalline. Its layer decreases and begins to transmit the sun's rays. They heat the soil, water appears, and the buds swell.

Primroses are born when there is still snow. Primroses develop quickly, despite the spring coolness. In a week or two they are already blooming.

The Crimean spring is treacherous; sudden snowfalls and night frosts are not uncommon. Therefore, early flowering plants had to learn to deal with these troubles. For example, buds and stemssleep-herbs - one of the most beautiful plants of our forests - is covered with numerous long protruding hairs. This shaggy “coat” protects the buds from the spring cold.

The cell sap of primroses acts as a non-freezing antifreeze, well known to all car enthusiasts. If at the beginning of April frosts suddenly strike and snow falls, then, once in the forest, you can see that the young, just beginning to open leaves of hornbeam and aspen, caught by frost, have turned brown and shriveled. But fragilecorydalis or amazingcyclamen Kos continue to bloom as if nothing had happened. It is impossible to notice the slightest trace of frost on these delicate plants!

After flowering, primroses experience a deep summer dormancy associated with the lack of sufficient lighting and moisture in the forest. In the second half of summer, the laying of vegetative and generative organs occurs. In autumn, a second deep dormancy sets in, restraining their development on favorable autumn days, when the forest is again light (the leaves have fallen) and humid (autumn rains are falling), and the temperatures of the soil, air and water are still relatively high. But winter is coming! Frosts can come suddenly. Natural selection secured the second warning peace among the “snowdrops”. In mid-December it ends and a forced rest sets in due to the absence necessary conditions development. If in December-January scillas, corydalis, tulips are placed in room conditions, then they will bloom magnificently.

Among the early flowering plants, in addition to perennials, there are also annuals, the so-called ephemera . These are small (3-10 centimeters) plants, barely visible among the growing greenery. All life cycle(from seed to seed) passes in a few days, less often - 2-4 weeks. At the end of April, when the grass turfs grow, they dry out and cannot be found. Some ephemera, e.g.spring stonefly forms entire flowering aspects in early spring.

Speaking about early flowering plants of Crimea, one cannot help but recall dogwood. Dogwood bushes bloom long before the leaves bloom, usually in February (and only in relatively cold winters does flowering occur in March). Bright yellow flowers look very elegant in the transparent forest in spring! Dogwood flowers are pollinated by both wind and insects. This is unusual early flowering fruit tree gave rise to a Crimean legend about a greedy shaitan who chose a dogwood tree, hoping for a quick harvest. But I miscalculated: dogwood bears fruit later than everyone else, in October-November.

Many spring plants are destroyed en masse. Some are intensively collected as medicinal ones. Others have highly decorative properties and are used for bouquets. Organized for sale, snowdrops, dream grass, wild tulips, and crocuses are destroyed. Cyclamen Kos is on the verge of complete extinction.

According to environmentalists, every year during February-March about 15 million snowdrops were exported from Crimea to the Ukrainian capital alone! Of course, they are listed in the Red Books. But where are they, these Red Books? And here we are, ready even now - for nature. If a person, if you and I, do not regret, do not help, do not understand the troubles of our plants, no Red Books will help Crimea. With the loss of each species, we deprive not only ourselves, but also our children's children. In Japan, children are taught from an early age that only a bad flower can be picked, thrown away, or trampled. Cruel person. Every spring, during the cherry blossom season, Japanese families climb the mountains to admire the flowers. Let's admire the Crimean flowers, because you can only touch beauty with your heart!

Guys, what can we do to prevent such beautiful and fragile creations of nature from disappearing? Let's make rules for behavior in nature.

(slide 9)

1. Being in nature, we will not pick plants for bouquets. We will make bouquets from those plants that are grown by humans.
2. Gather medicinal plants We will only be in places where there are many of them. We will definitely leave some of the plants in nature. In the forest we will walk along paths so that the plants do not die from trampling.
3. Let's not disturb the beauty created by nature itself.
4. Let's keep these brave flowers alive and admire their beauty by going out into nature.

Medicinal properties of primroses

Teacher. How many of you know: which of these primroses are used for medicinal purposes?Coltsfoot is used as a remedy for colds.

Student. Primrose is known not only as beautiful plant, but also as a plant with beneficial medicinal properties. The above-ground part of the plant contains many vitamins. Thanks to the high content of vitamin C and carotene, primrose officinalis comes to the rescue in the spring, the period of vitamin deficiency, when a person experiences a significant need for vitamins.

Student. It’s not for nothing that Lungwort is also called “lungwort.” To treat lung diseases, the above-ground part of the plant (without roots) is brewed and drunk as tea.

Conversation

1. Why are early flowering plants short?

(In spring, during a short period of active growth and unfavorable spring temperature, it is impossible to accumulate a lot of nutrients to form powerful plants)

1. Why do they bloom when the spring forest is free of foliage?

(Nothing stops the wind from transferring pollen from male flowers to female flowers.These are wind-pollinated plants).

What kind of pollen do they have?

(Dry, light, fine).

1. What characteristics do insect-pollinated early flowering plants have?

(The flowers are bright, fragrant, the pollen is large and sticky)

1. Why do early flowering plants with blue, violet-red and lilac colors appear first, and later with golden yellow?

(Blue-violet color allows for more absorption sunlight and keep the plant warm on cold days. The yellow color reflects the sun's rays and prevents the plant from burning).

1. Why are herbaceous plants in the forest white, but at the edges of the forest multi-colored?

(White color, like yellow, pink, blue, is clearly visible in the forest for insects, and in well-lit areas, the colors are more visible).

GAME LIBRARY “CONFIDENTS OF PRIMFLOWERS”

1. Game “Guess the Flower” using the presentation “Primroses of our Crimea” (slide 2-8)

1. A purple flower and a fluffy stem, a quiet gentle chime just makes you fall asleep. (Sleep-grass - Crimean lumbago)
2. The sun appeared from under the snow, the wind was surprised, like a cloud from heaven, coloring the forest blue. (Scillas)
3. Yellow flowers scattered like goslings, tender lumps smiled at the children (Goose onion)
4. Primrose, primrose there is no better word in the world, there is no better flower in the world, it burns all yellow, its petals are beautiful, golden and playful. (Primrose)
5. It blooms in May,

You will find him in the forest shade:

On a stalk, like beads in a row,

Fragrant flowers hang. (Lily of the valley)

1. I am a herbaceous plant

With a lilac flower.

But change the emphasis

And I turn into candy. (Iris - Iris)

1. The flowers of this plant are large and purple. They are shaped like a bell. The outside of the flowers is shaggy with long protruding hairs. The flower usually has six petals. (Sleep-grass).
2. There are two or three flowers on each delicate stem. They are a wonderful cornflower blue color and shaped like stars with six rays. The leaves of the plant are narrow and groove-like. They grow upward from the very base of the stem (Scilla).

2. Game “Flower Erudite” (slide 10)

1. The name of which primrose consists of a particle, a preposition, a sentry box? ( not-for-booth)

Find matches: in which countries what holidays are celebrated: Germany, Yugoslavia, England flowers: forget-me-nots, violets, mimosa? (Germany - violets, Yugoslavia - mimosas, England - forget-me-nots).

1. The name of which spring primrose consists of 2 prepositions? ( Past-for)

1. The first windows of the apartments decorate,

It can be light and delicate,

The second Pole man hears,

In Poland they address him this way.

The whole thing blooms in the flower beds in May,

The Dutch people love him!

(tulip ).

1. What kind of plant exists in nature: a) son and stepson b) daughter and stepdaughter c)coltsfoot d) son and stepfather

3. Game “Why” (slide 11)

1) Why does anemone have such a name?

The plant is not afraid of wind, hence the name.

2) Why are there flowers on the lungwort different color?

Various flowers ages - different color Young ones are pink, older ones are purple.

3) Why is the open lumbago called sleep-grass? According to legends, the flower is capable of inducing dreams.

4) Why is the snowdrop so named? In which work by S. Ya. Marshak does this flower mention?

5) Why do these plants bloom so early?

■ Sufficient amount of sunlight, because trees and bushes have not yet put on foliage;

■ Sufficient amount of moisture;

■ Wind pollination occurs easily;

■ Against the background of the general spring grayness, bright flowers (blue, white, pink, yellow, purple) are clearly visible, which attract insects

6) . Why can't you collect primroses? (Yes, because they will not have time to restore their numbers and will sink into oblivion.)

4. Game “Botanical Auction”.

Children are asked to make puzzles with encrypted names of the studied plants.

1. Game "Anagram". (slide 12)

Cruox (crocus),

Opin (peony),

shyaldn (lily of the valley),

ikopdnzhse (snowdrop),

siri (iris),

Enitsmalk (cyclamen),

6. Solve the problem:

The class went to the spring forest. Each student picked 5 flowering plants. The guys from another class picked 7 plants each. How many plants were picked that day if there were 20 students in each class?

What can be concluded?

BRAINSTORM

Guys, now imagine that you work in the Ministry of Ecology, and you have been given the task of preparing recommendations for improving the environmental situation and preserving primroses. You are given time to come up with your own options.

Why are early flowering herbaceous plants increasingly rare in the vicinity of our cities and towns?

All primroses need protection. We propose to implement the following measures to

protection of primroses:

1. Conduct information and explanatory work among the population about

the need to protect primroses.

2.To preserve the species diversity of wild primroses:

Create specially protected natural areas(public and private) in

places of mass growth of specially protected primroses.

Organize landing parties together of adults and children to clear the forest of debris and dry wood.

Artificially maintain species diversity in existing protected areas

(plant primroses).

Improve fuel quality.

3. Environmental education and public awareness:

Organize PR campaigns to protect primroses on a voluntary basis with the participation of

city ​​administration, business leaders, students, parents, teachers, and

also the media.

All activities for the protection of primroses should be carried out under the motto: “We will not let the Primroses

disappear!

4. Conduct raids to protect and protect primroses (March-April)

Organizing and conducting with students educational institutions events about

the role of primroses, a drawing competition in defense of primroses.(slide 13-14)

Student. (slide 15)

Don't pick flowers, don't! Don't pick flowers, don't!

Their delicate aroma will fill the air of the garden,

They brighten up the garden so much! We live in the same family,

We must live in the same order,

Fly on the same flight

Let's save the daisies in the meadow,

Water lilies on the river,

Violets, lilies of the valley for us

Merry May is in store in the gardens.

But we won't tear them down.

Let them bloom for the joy of people!

Tree, flower, grass and bird,

They don't always know how to defend themselves

If they are destroyed,

We will be alone on the planet!

If I pick a flower, if you pick a flower,

If you and I are together, if we pick flowers,

All the meadows will be empty, and there will be no beauty!

Try to protect primroses and nature from poachers. You should not buy delicate and quivering flowers; you must always remember their uniqueness and fragility. And the preservation of Russian nature in its pristine and unique form depends only on you and me.

Conclusion
Beautiful primroses grow only on land that has not been disturbed for centuries. In the former quarries, even after half a century, not a single flower will grow; the quarries are only overgrown with trees, shrubs and herbaceous, not at all colorful, vegetation. And the spring forest is light and fresh, filled with the aromas of herbs, the singing of birds - chaffinch, blackbird, blue tit, and often a bird of prey flashes through the forest like lightning. Unfortunately, with the arrival of spring, “lovers of beauty” flock to the open slopes warmed by the sun, a massive collection of primroses begins, and the grazing of sheep and other domestic animals also increases. This is accompanied by depletion of flora, path erosion, replacement of rare, beautiful flowering species weed plants.

Does a person have the moral right to destroy what he cannot create? Of course no! In nature, everything is closely connected with each other, everything depends on each other, and by destroying some part of the natural complex that has developed over many, many millions of years, man, to one degree or another, violates this complex and not only impoverishes nature, but impoverishes himself.

Let the hand of the one plucking the most tender petals of the first breath of spring tremble!

.

Game "Flower Erudite" The name of which primrose consists of a particle, a preposition, a sentry box? Find matches: in which countries what holidays are celebrated: Germany, Yugoslavia, England flowers: forget-me-nots, violets, mimosas? The name of which spring primrose consists of 2 prepositions? The first one decorates the windows of the apartments, it can be light and delicate, the second Pole man hears, in Poland they address him like that. The whole thing blooms in the flower beds in May, the Dutch people love it! What kind of plant exists in nature: a) son and stepson b) daughter and stepdaughter c) mother and stepmother d) son and stepfather

Game “Why” 1) Why does anemone have such a name? 2) Why are the flowers of different colors on the lungwort? 3) Why is the open lumbago called sleep-grass? 4) Why is the snowdrop so named? In which work by S. Ya. Marshak does this flower mention? 5) Why do these plants bloom so early? 6) . Why can't you collect primroses?

Game "Anagram". Kruoks opin shialdn ikopdnzhse isir enitsmalk

Take care of primroses - the decoration of the planet!!! If only white flowers bloomed in the field, I would be tired of admiring them, you and I would soon be tired of them. If only yellow flowers bloomed in the field, you and I would become bored with such beauty. It’s good that there are daisies, roses, asters, cornflowers, Dandelions and porridge, forget-me-nots and frying flowers, It’s good that people are not alike in the color of their eyes and skin. How beautiful the colorful world is, the multi-colored globe of the Earth.

Don't buy snowdrops!!! Let's save snowdrops together! And the first will not be the last!!!

Don't pick flowers, don't! Don't pick flowers, don't! Their delicate aroma will fill the air of the garden, They color the garden so much! We live in one family, Let's keep the daisies in the meadow, Water lilies on the river, Violets, lilies of the valley for us. Merry May is in store in the gardens. But we won't tear them down. Let them bloom for the joy of people! A tree, a flower, a grass and a bird, Do not always know how to defend themselves, If they are destroyed, We will be left alone on the planet! If I pick a flower, if you pick a flower, If you and I are together, if we pick flowers, All the glades will be empty, and there will be no beauty!

Let's all save the smiles of spring together!!!

Here in Once again I took a walk with my son to my favorite places. This time we ran from the village. Sokolinoe to the village. Koreiz through At-Bash and Ai-Petri. Details in the following parts, and now the first portion of delicacies - primroses, this year we managed to see both early and late ones. So let's meet.

Primula
family Primroses The genus primrose, or primrose, is one of the most numerous genera of plants in the world flora. According to various sources, there are from 400 to 550 species in nature. Most of them grow in Asia, the Himalayas and western China. In Crimea, according to An.V. There are three types of primroses growing in Yen.
Primrose stemless(Primula acaulis)- perennial rhizomatous stemless plant. The leaves are basal, entire, unequally toothed along the edge. The flowers are solitary, on peduncles 6–20 cm high, yellow, pink, purple, lilac, white. The petals are wide, divided into two lobes. Blooms from February to April. Widely distributed throughout the mountainous Crimea.

Found everywhere.

This group was caught on the northern slopes of the Ai-Petrensky yayla.

But I met these lilac-pink ones for the first time, on the southern slope of Ai-Petri, descending to Koreiz.
In cities, purple-crimson varieties are common in ornamental gardening.

Viola dehnhardtii
family Violet Perennial plant 5-15 cm tall. Summer leaves 7-15 (20) cm tall; their plates are rounded or ovate-cordate or rounded kidney-shaped, 2-6 cm long. and 2-5 cm wide, with the greatest width near the middle. Stipules are ovate or lanceolate, entire or short glandularly fringed along the edge. The flowers are dark purple, odorless. All petals are the same width.
Grows in forests and bushes. Quite common in the mountainous Crimea.

Met on the northern slopes.

Ornithogalum
family Liliaceae The genus of poultry plants includes about 130 species, growing in the subtropical and temperate zones of Europe, Asia and Africa. The name from Greek means " bird's milk"and given for the color of the flowers.
Fringed poultry plant(Ornithogalum fimbriatum) blooms its flowers in early spring on the edges and along paths. Its flowers, like those of the previous species, are located directly at soil level. The leaves are hairy on the underside or only along the edge, often crescent-shaped. Blooms in April-May. Common throughout the mountainous Crimea.

Scilla
family Hyacinthaceae
Siberian Scilla(Scilla sibirica) has 2-4 flowering stems, each with 1-4 drooping azure, rarely white flowers. An alien plant, it is rarely found in the Crimean forests in the foothills, on the Ai-Petrinskaya Yayla and the Southern Coast. Proposed for the Red Book of Crimea.

Muscari
family Hyacinthaceae
Muscari leucostomum with almost thread-like leaves, longer than the stem and Muscari inconstrictum with black and purple flowers and a bulb with numerous children.

Loves dry, sunny places, where it was spotted.

Galanthus plicatus family Amaryllidaceae
A species that differs from other species in having folded leaves with a bluish bloom, with folds curved to the underside. Included in the Red Book of Ukraine, the European Red List, the International Convention "On international trade species of wild fauna and flora that are endangered"; proposed for the Red Book of Crimea. Previously considered as an endemic Crimean species, but habitats have now been identified Galanthus plicatus in the Caucasus and Turkey.

Adonis
family Ranunculaceae The homeland of Adonis is the temperate regions of Eurasia. About 20 (45) species are known. Annual and perennial herbaceous plants with simple or branched stems. The leaves are repeatedly divided into narrow lobes. The flowers are bright, yellow or red, solitary, located at the ends of the shoots.
Adonis spring, or spring adonis (Adonis vernalis)- a perennial low glabrous plant with several flowering stems and basal leaves, dissected into narrow linear sections. The flowers are large, 35-55 mm in diameter, bright yellow. Blooms in April-May. In the steppes, on the slopes; throughout Crimea.

Pulsatilla taurica
(family Ranunculaceae) Other names: sleep-grass, snowy tulip, sonchik, lumbago-grass, lumbago grass, lumbago, lumbago, beaver. Perennial plant 10-25 cm tall, grayish with dense pubescence, with large (up to 3-3.5 cm in diameter) purple flowers, having a peculiar, silky-pubescent cover. This shaggy “coat” protects the buds from the spring cold. A rosette of basal leaves forms immediately after flowering, which lasts from late February to May. Endemic to Crimea. Included in the Red Book of Ukraine and the European Red List. Grows in mountain pine and oak forests, on rocky meadows of yayla.

He loves to live on yayls.

Perhaps it’s all about the flowers.
Material used from here www.flora.crimea.ua

To be continued...

It would not be entirely correct to call Crimean primroses spring flowers. Thanks to the climate of the peninsula, they appear long before the arrival of spring. Since childhood, I remember how snowdrops bloomed in Yalta, in my grandmother’s yard, even before the New Year. Of course, the further north you go, the later they appear, and in the mountains - even later. Thus, we can say that in Crimea snowdrops bloom all winter, and in the mountain forest they can be found until the end of March.

Snowdrop

Snowdrops are distributed throughout almost all of Crimea. There are places where there are so many of them that they grow in a continuous carpet, covering a huge area. However, all species of snowdrop are listed in the Red Book and are protected by law.

The name of the flower in Latin - Galanthus - means “milk flower”. The Crimean species is called folded snowdrop. We are all accustomed to the fact that this flower has three white oblong petals. In fact, three more are hidden under them - much smaller than the first. They have a soft green border and form something like a corolla.

By ancient legend, the snowdrop became a symbol of hope for Adam and Eve after they left the Garden of Eden. An angel descended from heaven and turned the falling cold snowflakes into beautiful snow-white flowers.

Lumbago or Dream-grass

One of the most beautiful primroses of Crimea is Dream-grass or Lumbago, reminiscent of a fluffy purple tulip. It begins to bloom already in February and at first looks like small furry lumps sticking out here and there in last year’s dry grass. Very soon these lumps magically turn into beautiful delicate buds.

The leaves of the flower look like thin blades of grass attached to the trunk of the dream grass. Legend has it that in ancient times the leaves of the lumbago were so large and wide that the devil, expelled from Paradise, hid under them. Having learned about this, Archangel Michael threw lightning at the flower and from its strike the leaves were cut into many pieces, turning into long narrow panicles. They remind me of thin aristocratic lady fingers carefully hugging the trunk of a flower.

In folk medicine, the plant is used for many ailments, but its second name - sleep-herb - speaks, of course, about the use of flowers as a sleeping pill and sedative. It was also believed that the lumbago protects from evil spirits and demons.

Poets and writers have not ignored sleep-grass.

These are the lines I gave her Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy:

With what pure joy
I met again in the forest with cheese
The jug is blue and fluffy
With its furry stem...

“What a delight! ... Lilac dream! Between her palms, the bells of a lilac dream, covered with thick silver fluff, bloomed on the ground,” wrote Konstantin Paustovsky in “The Tale of Forests.”

The lumbago is also listed in the Red Book.

Crocus or Saffron

Crocus can be called “spring” conditionally. Some of its species bloom in spring, while others bloom in autumn. However, those that appear at the end of February are magnificent and are not inferior in beauty to other primroses.

In nature, crocus is found in yellow-orange color and different shades purple. White crocus is rare, at least I was lucky enough to see it once in the mountains of Crimea.

A very beautiful species is the reticulated crocus. Its light purple petals outside covered with an elegant pattern, as if painted by the hands of a talented painter using the thinnest brush and magical paints. By the way, about colors: no matter what color the flowers are, their stigmas are always invariably yellow.

Primrose or Primrose

Primrose or Primrose also appears early. I have come across these flowers growing right out of the snow. They are mostly yellow, but occasionally you come across purple ones, and once I even saw white ones.

Primrose is found in the most different places forest Crimea. This plant has many old Russian names: lambs, lady's hands, ears, golden keys or St. Peter's flowers.

Primrose inflorescences really resemble small bunches of golden keys. They say that Saint Peter once fell asleep in heaven and dropped the keys to heaven on the ground. Where they fell, the primrose sprouted.

English fairy tales say that gnomes hide in primroses, and the ancient Greeks called it the flower of the twelve gods and believed that primrose cures all ailments. This plant is truly healing and is used in both folk and scientific medicine. Primrose leaves are edible and wild rabbits love them.

Adonis or Spring Adonis

This flower fully lives up to its name - its large bright yellow inflorescences seem to burn in the sun's rays. It is not for nothing that Adonis loves the sun so much and grows in open places, he especially loves the Crimean foothills.

According to legend, Adonis, the son of Cypress and Myrrh, captivated Aphrodite with his unearthly beauty. The goddess kidnapped him and made him her lover. One day a young man was hunting a boar and died. Upon learning of this, Aphrodite turned his body into beautiful flowers.

Adonis is poisonous, like all buttercups, to which it belongs. However, this flower is medicinal and is used for a variety of diseases.

Scilla

Scilla inflorescences are very beautiful. Its delicate dark blue, sometimes pink or white inflorescences delight the eye already in late February - early March. This is why the scilla is sometimes called the blue snowdrop.

Violet

The Crimean forest violet is famous for its beauty and delicate aroma. In the forest in spring, these miniature flowers sometimes cover entire clearings.

The traditional color of the violet is purple, but I also came across a completely white flower.

Multi-colored violets are especially beautiful - “ pansies”, found on the Crimean mountain peaks.

Iris Crimean

Gorgeous Crimean dwarf iris or killer whale. Its bright purple or yellow inflorescences appear in April and always delight with their graceful forms. Found in the steppe and mountainous parts of the peninsula. Listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Coltsfoot

In early spring, red-brown scaly buds emerge from the dry grass, which soon turn into wonderful bright yellow inflorescences, similar to a small sun with thin rays. This is coltsfoot - everyone knows and popular plant, has long been used as a medicine. The underside of coltsfoot leaves is fleecy and feels more pleasant and warm to the touch, in contrast to the cool upper side. This is where the name of the flower comes from. In Latin, the name of the plant literally means “expelling cough.”

In Russian, coltsfoot has many names: two-leafed grass, icy lapukha, mother-grass, king-potion, Kamchuzhnaya grass.

Poultry farmer

The poultry farmer also lives up to its name. This low, more modest flower, compared to the previous ones, has about 130 species and is common in Europe, Asia and even Africa.

Blooms from March to May. Loves the steppe and foothills. It is quite unpretentious and can grow in poor soil.

Asphodelina

Asphodelina - perennial with a tall, up to 60 cm stem and thin needle-like leaves. On the southern slopes of the mountains and sunny meadows it begins to bloom in early April.

The inflorescence is a thick raceme covered with elegant yellow flowers. It is considered a rare endangered species and is listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Bought pharmaceutical

It is also called purchased medicinal or fragrant. From a distance, this plant can be mistaken for a large lily of the valley flower, but up close it becomes noticeable - its inflorescences have a completely different shape, the leaves also differ from the leaves of the lily of the valley. In Crimea, kupena blooms already in late March - early April. It loves shade, so it prefers to grow in deciduous forests on the southern slopes of the mountains.

An infusion and decoction of the plant's rhizome, as well as the juice of its herbaceous part, is used for a number of ailments. However, we must not forget that the plant is poisonous.

Muscari

This low plant with purple flowers that look like oblong berries is also called mouse hyacinth. I fully admit that mice come to him specifically to enjoy the subtle delicate aroma!

Muscari grows almost everywhere - on mountain slopes, in the steppe and even on city lawns, blooming at the end of March.

This plant is happily used to decorate front gardens and alpine slides. They say about him: “planted and forgotten,” he is so unpretentious. On the contrary, if you want to get rid of muscari, you will have to try.

Periwinkle

Few people pay attention to periwinkle, sometimes hidden under other plants, but this unpretentious flower also appears in early spring. When the peonies open, it has been blooming for a long time. When the peonies fade, it still blooms!

The short periwinkle sometimes gets lost in the green grass, but if you look closely at it, it’s impossible not to admire its ideal symmetry and perfection of form!

Due to the vitality of this plant, it was attributed to miraculous properties: periwinkle wreaths were used for fortune telling; hung over the front door and windows to ward off witches and divert lightning.

Buttercup

Everyone who has been to the Crimean forest in the spring, of course, has seen clearings completely dotted with yellow flowers. This is buttercup. Small and discreet, it impresses with its quantity. In April, in the mountains, this flower sometimes covers the entire space between the trees with a continuous carpet, leaving yellow pollen on clothes if you make your way through its thickets.

In total, about 600 species of buttercup are known in the world, 23 grow in Crimea. Moreover, three of them are endemic to the peninsula and are included in the Red Book.

Peony

Peonies bloom in April - bright and bold. At this time, in certain places of the Crimean foothills and on high plateaus, you can endlessly admire the huge fields of angustifolia peony or, as it is also called, mountain peony, covering the ground with a dense bright red carpet.

In honor of such an annual phenomenon, in ancient times one of the peninsula’s beams was named Krasnaya.

At the same time, or a little later, the beautiful Crimean or Tauride peony blooms in the forest. It is also called forest.

It is much larger than its narrow-leaved brother, but does not grow as profusely as that one. Forest peony, unlike mountain peony, which prefers sun-drenched meadows, loves shade under the canopy of trees.

Crimean flowers - forest, field, mountain - are his decoration and pride. Don't tear them, please! Let's just admire and be glad that we have them so early and beautiful!