Lesson on the role of insects in nature. The topic of the lesson is “the diversity of insects, their role in nature and practical significance”
“The diversity and importance of insects”
Target: introduce students to the diversity of insects, their role in nature and human life; introduce rare and endangered species.
Lesson type: learning new material.
Lesson Objectives:
Educational:
- Introduce students to the diversity of the Insects class
Show their significance in human life and in natural communities
Improve the ability to recognize in pictures, tables
Explain the structural features and vital functions of the class Insects.
Activate the cognitive activity of students.
Developmental:
Continue to create conditions for the development of intellectual skills (analyze, highlight the main points, generalize),
Continue to develop students’ speech culture, student initiative and the ability to work independently and in pairs;
Improve skills in working with additional literature when doing homework
Continue to promote the formation of the skills to justify your answer, empathize, and respond emotionally to what is happening.
Educational:
Contribute to the formation of worldview ideas about
integrity of the world
Create conditions for developing communication skills;
Draw children's attention to environmental problems.
To form an environmental culture among students.
Foster a sense of pride in your region.
Methods:
a) verbal – conversation based on students’ knowledge, messages from seventh-graders;
b) visual – demonstration of tables, slides, visual aids, collections of insects, additional literature;
c) technical – use of ICT;
Teacher's methods of activity
Heuristic conversation using students' knowledge; organization of work with text and pictures of the textbook, additional sources of information; organizing the implementation of creative tasks that evoke an emotional response: organizing work with interactive whiteboard.
Planned results
Students understand that insects are well adapted to living conditions, which is why they are so diverse; trace their role in nature and human life.
Personal significance of what is being studied for the student
Honey is healthy (although some people are allergic to it), and bee stings are dangerous (although they are used in medicinal purposes).
Lesson equipment
Tables with images of insects of different orders, collectible specimens of insects, drawings, drawings in a textbook, postcards, additional literature - books and magazines, cards for testing knowledge and skills, sheets for independent work, computer, computer presentation teachers with musical accompaniment.
Organization of student activities
Discuss the reasons for the diversity of insects using personal experience; trace their role in nature and human life; suggest ways to combat agricultural pests and disease vectors; perform creative tasks.
Development of student skills
Use existing knowledge and practical experience, work with additional sources, distinguish and choose the style of speech and writing, respond emotionally to the material being studied.
Basic concepts of the lesson
Primary wingless, winged insects, polymorphism, relative nature of adaptability to living conditions, cycle of substances in nature, Colorado potato beetle.
Lesson type: using multimedia.
Information sources
Basic : Basic textbook “Diversity of living organisms” author Zakharov V.B., Sonin N.I., Moscow “Bustard” 2012
With. With. 165 – 169; cards, computer presentation of the teacher.
Additional : Internet links
1. http: //www/ floranima.ru/classes/2703.html (Insects. general characteristics. Classification)
2. http: //zooex.baikal.ru/insecta.htm (Insects. General characteristics. Role in human life)
Textbook, p. 165 – 169, table, conclusion, prepare a creative report on the lesson.
http: //zooex.baikal.ru/insecta.htm (Insects. General characteristics. Role in human life)
Lesson grades
Everyone is given marks for working in pairs and working at the board; at the discretion of the teacher.
DURING THE CLASSES
Organizing time
Teacher : Hello guys! My name is Natalya Alexandrovna. Today's lesson will be taught by me.
Look at each other and smile. Now smile at me. And so we begin.
Clarifying the purpose and objectives of the lesson
In the 5th book of the series “The World of Animals” by Igor Ivanovich Akimushkin there are the words: “Summer comes, and they fill our forests, gardens, fields, even deserts in great abundance. How many are there on the planet? Where is the all-powerful computer that can express this population of the Earth in numbers? It is believed that there are ten of them on Earth to the eighteenth power (!) That’s a billion billion! More than stars in our Galaxy! Who are these lines written about?
Listen to the melody and answer the question: What did it remind you of?
Sounds“Flight of the Bumblebee” is a small scene from the opera “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, written by Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov in 1899-1900 (Music sounds)
Student answers
What will we talk about in class? ( About insects)
Who can name the topic of the lesson? (Variety of insects)
Who will name the purpose of the lesson? (Explore the diversity of insects)
Who will name the objectives of the lesson? (Get to know the main orders of insects. Find out the importance of insects in nature and in human life)
Learning new material.
How many insects are there on the planet? ? ( A lot of)
There are believed to be from 2 to 5 million on Earth; for comparison, there are about 9 thousand species of birds, more than 4 thousand species of animals.
Summer is coming and they will fill our forests, gardens, fields and reservoirs in great abundance. Insects appeared on Earth during the Paleozoic era about 300 million years ago. Wherever you can find insects! They also live at great heights. Insects are also found in completely waterless deserts, where it never rains and there are no plants. Insects live in conditions of eternal darkness, in caves where almost no organic matter enters. Surprisingly, insects can rise to the upper layers of the atmosphere. Some insects have adapted to life in plant tissues and in the bodies of animals. Others switched to life in the water.
WHY ARE INSECTS SO WIDE AND THROOMING? Appendix No. 1
Yes, because they are characterized by a huge variety of forms and unusual fertility.
1. The combination of strength and lightness of the outer chitinous cover;
2. Ability to fly and move around various surfaces;
3. Possibility of using a wide variety of foods;
4. The ability to carry out complex instinctive actions;
5. Possibility of filling habitats inaccessible to other animals;
6. Complication of many body systems (trachea, oral apparatus)
Among them there are our friends and our worst enemies, but we must take them into account, study their characteristics, needs and way of life. Songs, fairy tales, proverbs, and poems were written about insects.
Book exhibition
Monuments to insects .
It is this great diversity that we will have to sort out today. The entire class of insects is divided into 2 groups. Appendix No. 2
Teacher's conversation about orders of insects.
Slide show.
Work in pairs.
Working from the textbook .
We have looked at as many classes and their representatives as possible.
Many insects are listed in the Red Book of the Vologda Region:
Dragonflies – 2 species
Homoptera – 1
Reticulata – 1
Caddis flies – 1
Diptera – 2
Hymenoptera – 6
Beetles – 1 5
Butterflies - 28(Mnemosyne, Meadowsweet, Marigold, Antlion)
V . Primary consolidation of new material.
Distribution of insect orders
1. Ladybug ■ + 8. Horsefly ○ -
2. Stag Beetle ■ 9. Bee ◊ +
3. Grasshopper + 10. Colorado potato beetle ■ -
4. Ant ◊ + 11. Housefly ○ -
5. Wasp ◊ + 12. Gadfly ○ -
6. Locust - 13. Cricket +
7. Silkworm □ + 14. Bumblebee ◊ +
15. White butterfly □ -
You should mark with icons the insects that relate to:
1. Hymenoptera - ◊
2. Diptera - ○
3. Lepidoptera - □
4. Coleoptera - ■
Pros and cons to note:
1. Beneficial insects+ 2. Harmful insects -
Work on desks, on the board “Distribute the insects into groups”
Orthoptera Chafer
Homoptera fly
Coleoptera locust
Lepidoptera aphids
Diptera bee
Hymenoptera urticaria
On the stand are paintings and drawings:
Butterfly on a flower.
Chafer.
Clover and bumblebee.
Anthill.
Butterfly Apollo.
Grasshopper.
Terms on the magnetic board:
Order Orthoptera.
Social insects.
Pollination.
Red Book.
Gnawing mouthparts.
Types of insects.
Flying. Dragonflies, flies, butterflies.
Running. Cockroaches, lice.
Floating. Swimming beetle, dragonfly larvae,
Burrowing. Mole cricket, Termites, May beetle.
Task “Guess the name of the insect and the squad”
Hives, Butterflies;
Ladybug, Beetles;
Scutellum, Bugs;
Swallowtail, Butterflies;
Swimming beetle, Beetles;
Silkworm, Butterflies;
Rhinoceros Beetle, Beetles;
Mosquito, Diptera;
Wasp, Hymenoptera;
Earwig, Earwigs;
Task: Attention! Black box! : The box contains a product of insect activity that has bactericidal properties. Its use is still in Ancient Egypt. The body of Alexander the Great, who died during a campaign in the Middle East, was transported for burial to the capital of Macedonia immersed in this product. Guess what's in the black box! (Natural honey)
Now let’s remember once again and list the importance of insects in nature.
First let's listen to the poem.
Why are insects needed in nature?
We must tell you about this now.
They serve as food for birds and animals
Lizards, amphibians, even spiders.
Insects can also pollinate flowers,
So that fruits can then form from the flowers.
And for humanity, for many years in a row
Silk threads are supplied by silkworms.
Butterflies are the beauty of our nature. They contain love and a fairy tale, happiness and dreams.
Assignment: fill out the table “The importance of insects in nature.”
"The importance of insects in nature"
| Pollinators of flowering plants (In Russia, about 30% of plants are flowering). 2. Soil formers (Terms and ants). 3. Take part in the cycle of substances. 4. They are part of various food chains. 5. Knowledge of food chains allows them to be used to combat other insects - agricultural pests. | 1. Many insect larvae (caterpillars), such as butterfly caterpillars, feed on living plant tissue, causing significant harm to them. 3. Many insects are carriers dangerous diseases(mosquitoes, fleas, lice |
Work in pairs using cards
Peer review
Conclusion: Insects are well adapted to living conditions, therefore they are diverse. Their role in nature is both positive and negative.
Why study this topic? ? (Students' answers.)
Where can this be useful to you in life? ? (Students' answers.)
What excited you most about the lesson? ? (Students' answers.)
First aid for bee and wasp stings
1.Remove the tip.
2.Lubricate the bite area with alcohol and apply plantain.
3. If the temperature rises or swelling appears, you should consult a doctor.
Precautions must be observed:
1.do not walk barefoot where people are nearby flowering plants;
2. at the dacha or on a hike, eat sandwiches with meat, be careful so that the wasp does not sting the mucous membrane of the mouth;
3. It is better to drink water through a straw or from a glass to see if there are insects there;
4.wasps and bees do not like red and Blue colour, they get scared when they wave their arms;
5. There are people who can experience allergic shock from one bite, and then death, if they do not receive the necessary medical assistance.
Reinforcing the material covered
Work on site using cards. Evaluated by the teacher.
FIXING option 1
A. What class does the animal shown in the figure belong to:
1) Arachnids 2) Crustaceans
3) Insects 4) Shellfish
IN. Insects are characterized by the presence
1) Gills 2) Wings 3) Trachea 4) Compound eyes
5) Extracavitary digestion 6) Chelicerae
WITH
FIXING option 2
A. In economic activity a person uses:
1) Butterflies 2) Silkworms 3) Red forest ants
4) Red cockroaches
IN. Install correct sequence organisms in the food chain. Write down the sequence.
WITH. Why are insects the most numerous class?
Reflection.
today I found out...
it was interesting…
it was difficult…
I did the tasks...
I realized that...
Now I can…
I felt that...
I purchased...
I learned…
I managed …
I was able...
I will try…
I was surprised...
gave me a lesson for life...
I wanted…
Homework
Page 166 -168 study the text,
look at the illustrations in the textbook
http://ru.wikipedia.
OPTIONALLY
Prepare creative works
on the topic “Diversity of insects:
messages
Appendix No. 1
CONDITIONING THEIR WIDESPREAD
DISTRIBUTION IN NATURE
| Animal sign | Features of the insect class | |
| Movement | The presence of wings and three pairs of legs (running, swimming, jumping...) | Ability to fly and move on various surfaces |
| Division of the body into sections | Dividing the body into 3 sections: head, chest and abdomen | Some mobility of the head and abdomen |
| Nutrition method | Diverse structure of the oral organs (gnawing, sucking, licking mouthparts) | Ability to use a variety of foods |
| Orientation in environment | The presence of developed sense organs: vision, hearing, smell, touch | Ability to find food, detect enemies, breeding partners |
| Body measurements | Possibility of filling habitats inaccessible to other animals |
|
| Breathing method | Tracheal breathing | Consumption of atmospheric oxygen for breathing |
| Nervous system development | Complication of the nervous system: development of the suprapharyngeal ganglion and three thoracic ganglia of the ventral nerve cord | The presence of more complex reflexes and instincts |
Appendix No. 2
CLASS INSECTS
The entire class of insects is divided into 2 groups
This lower or primary wingless And real or winged.
Orders of primary wingless:
1. Bessyazhkovye the only insects without antennae, without tactile sensations, and no eyes. Tiny from about 5 to 2 mm, colorless, slow-moving inhabitants of damp mosses and stumps, they feed on smaller insects and mushroom juices, piercing their hyphae.
2. Springtails the most small insects from 0.2 to 6 mm., the most ancient. They live everywhere - in the soil, in greenhouses, in flower pots, birds nest. Under the bark of trees, on the surface of reservoirs. They participate in the transformation of human, animal and plant corpses into humus and participate in soil formation. They feed on spores of fungi, algae, and lichens, eating the green pulp of plants, causing harm to fields.
3. Double-tailed from 2 to 50 mm., live under fallen leaves, stones, in rotten stumps, anthills. Without eyes, the tail appendages of some, when retreating backwards, serve to feel the path, while others serve to bring the caught insect to the mouth, bending the back of the body above them.
4. Bristletails live in the same place as the two-tailed ones, have compound eyes, and jump using the last pair of limbs. In structure they are close to real insects.
Winged subclass divided into insects with incomplete transformation and insects with complete transformation.
The distribution of species into orders is carried out taking into account such characteristics as the nature of development, structural features of the wings, structure oral apparatus The main characteristics of some orders of insects are presented below.
Insects with incomplete metamorphosis
Order Orthoptera- most representatives of the order are herbivorous, but there are also predators. This includes grasshoppers, cabbage, locusts. The green grasshopper lives in the grass in the meadows and steppes. It has a long club-shaped ovipositor. Kapusyanka - has burrowing legs, flies and swims well. Causes great damage to underground parts garden plants, for example, cucumbers, carrots, cabbage, potatoes, etc. Some types of locusts are prone to mass reproduction, then they gather in huge flocks and fly over a considerable distance (up to several thousand kilometers), destroying all green vegetation in their path.
Order Homoptera- all its representatives feed on plant juices. Many types aphids cause great harm cultivated plants. Many Homoptera are carriers viral diseases plants. This includes a variety of cicadas, whose sizes range from a few millimeters to 5-6 cm. They live in the crowns of trees..
Insects with complete metamorphosis
Squad of beetles, or Coleoptera, is the most numerous order of insects, with up to 300,000 species. Beetles are common in a wide variety of land and freshwater environments. Their sizes range from 0.3 to 155 mm in length. Many beetles cause great damage to cultivated plants. One of the pests of potatoes and other plants is Colorado beetle, brought to us from America. Beetle beetle- grain pest; Chafer- its larvae damage tree roots and potato tubers; beet weevil- amazes sugar beets. In addition, this includes bark beetles, grinding passages in the bark and bast fibers of valuable tree species, and the larvae goldenrod and i live in dead wood and cause great damage to forestry industries.
Many beetles spoil food supplies: pea weevil, bread beetle, carpet beetle, damaging leather and wool products. Another small beetle belongs to the order of beetles tube gun. The biology of these beetles is very interesting. In spring, the pipe cutter cuts the leaf down to the main vein in a special way. The cut part of the leaf fades and loses its elasticity. Then the beetle rolls it up into a ball and lays eggs there. Something like a cigar is formed. This is how the pipe roller expresses concern for its offspring.
Individual beetles feed on the remains of plants and animals and perform the role of orderlies in nature, for example: pustule beetles And gravestones. Some can be used to control pests. So, ladybug destroys aphids, and large green ones paint beetles- caterpillars.
Beetles can be extremely beautiful large sizes, For example stag beetle, or stag, listed in the Red Book, reaches a length of up to 8 cm, its larvae develop in rotten stumps for about five years and grow up to 14 cm in length. In reservoirs there live beetles of various sizes and feeding methods - the swimming beetle and the black water lover. The swimming beetle is a predator, the black water lover is a herbivore.
Butterfly squad, or Lepidoptera, - representatives of this order are distinguished by the varied colors of their wings. This includes hives, cabbage butterfly, silkworm etc. Among the species living on Far East, there are very large moths, whose wingspan corresponds to the width of an unfolded notebook. Butterfly wings are covered with modified hairs - scales that have the ability to refract light. The iridescent color of the wings of many butterflies depends on this phenomenon. Butterfly larvae are called caterpillars. They have a gnawing apparatus and a long body. Their salivary glands, in addition to saliva, also secrete silk threads, from which a cocoon is woven before pupation. Adult butterflies are very good plant pollinators. The caterpillars of most butterflies are herbivorous, eating leaves of plants, causing significant harm, for example, cabbage whites, apple moths, lacewings, ringed silkworms, etc. The caterpillar of the house moth feeds on woolen products, damaging them; some caterpillars spoil flour and other food products.
Mulberry and oak silkworms- people have been breeding them for a long time in order to obtain silk (from cocoons). Many large butterflies are extremely beautiful, for example swallowtail, Apollo etc. The large butterfly is very interesting night peacock eye, on the wings of which there are ocellated spots. Its caterpillar is large, fleshy, green in color; before pupation, it spins a cocoon the size of egg.
Large moths with sharp-angled wings, characterized by very fast flight - hawkmoths, - so named and then so named because they readily feed on fermented and odorous tree sap, especially birch sap, which appears on wounds and stumps.
Order Hymenoptera- unites a variety of insects: bees, bumblebees, OS, riders, sawflies etc. The lifestyle of these insects is varied. Some of them are herbivorous, as their larvae (very similar to caterpillars) cause great damage to crops and other plants, e.g. bread and pine sawflies. Sawfly larvae feeding on leaves become so similar to butterfly caterpillars that they are called false caterpillars. An amazing adaptation is the ovipositor of sawflies, which serves to cut out pockets in plant tissues in which female sawflies hide their eggs, thereby showing original care for their offspring.
Excellent plant pollinators are bumblebees. This is a social insect. The bumblebee family only exists for one summer. Nests are built in mouse holes, hollows, squirrel nests, and birdhouses. The female builds the nest, equipping wax cells in it for laying eggs. A supply of food is placed in the cell - a mixture of pollen and honey. The larvae emerging from the eggs eat food and after two to three weeks weave silk cocoons, turning into pupae. Working bumblebees, females and males, emerge from the pupae. By the end of summer, there are up to 500 bumblebees in large nests. In autumn, the old queen, males and workers die, and the young queens hide for the winter.
Lifestyle OS looks like a bumblebee. They also exist for one summer. Wasps are beneficial by destroying harmful insects, and the damage caused by them damaging fruits is small. More harm from hornets(one of the types of swarming wasps): they gnaw the bark of young trees and eat bees. Having settled near an apiary, they destroy thousands of bees over the summer.
Of the social insects of the order Hymenoptera, it is most beneficial honey bee. It is both a wonderful plant pollinator and produces an extremely healthy food product - honey, as well as wax and royal jelly, which are widely used by humans in perfumery. medicine, for the manufacture of varnishes, paints, etc.
A bee family is a surprisingly complex whole, in which all members of the family are very closely related to each other. Life and prosperity of the entire species are equally impossible without the queen and without drones, without worker bees. Using knowledge about the lives of all members of the bee family, beekeepers have learned to create specialized houses for bees - hives, conditions for feeding bees (taken to the fields where honey plants are grown) and at the same time receive not only honey good quality, but also quantities.
Representatives of the order Hymenoptera are used as biological method combating harmful insects. These include various riders, as well as Trichogramma, which is bred artificially
Order Diptera. This includes well-known insects: flies, mosquitoes, midges, gadflies, horseflies and other insects similar to them, having one pair of transparent wings. The second pair of wings turned into the so-called halteres. The common mosquito lives in swampy and damp areas. Mosquitoes are especially numerous in mid-summer. Residents of the taiga and tundra call their clusters vile. With their piercing mouthparts, mosquitoes easily pierce human skin and suck his blood. Worm-like mosquito larvae live in stagnant water. While feeding, the larvae grow, molt and turn into mobile pupae. Mosquito pupae also live in water; they cannot feed, so they soon turn into adults.
The malaria mosquito and the common mosquito are distinguished by their position. Common mosquito (squeaker) keeps his body parallel to the surface on which he sits, and malarial- at an angle to her, raising the rear end of the body high. The malaria mosquito lays eggs in a pond one at a time, while the common mosquito lays eggs in packs, floating on the surface in the form of rafts. Fungus gnat larvae live in the fruiting bodies of cap mushrooms.
flies, unlike mosquitoes. have short antennae. Their larvae are white, usually legless and headless. The housefly's worm-like larvae live and develop in kitchen waste, in piles of manure and sewage, where the fly lays its eggs. Before pupation, the larvae crawl out of the sewage, penetrate the soil and turn into pupae.
Adult flies hatching from pupae fly everywhere in search of poverty. From latrines and cesspools they fly onto openly lying food and contaminate it. Flies transmit gastrointestinal disease bacteria and roundworm eggs to human food. Therefore, it is very important to combat flies. Protect food from flies with gauze or caps, vegetables and fruits before
Hemiptera: cockroaches, termites, praying mantises, bedbugs.
Secondarily wingless: lice, lice, fleas.
Orthoptera: grasshoppers, crickets, mole crickets, earwigs, locusts.
Homoptera: cicadas, aphids.
Reticulata: goldentail, antlion, mayflies, dragonflies, caddisflies, stoneflies.
Appendix No. 3
THE IMPORTANCE OF INSECTS IN NATURE AND IN HUMAN LIFE
| Role in nature and human life | Representatives |
| number pests agricultural crops | Dragonflies (arrows, beauties, rocker) Beetles (ladybug, ground beetles) Hymenoptera (riders) |
| Pollinators plants | Hymenoptera (bees, bumblebees) |
| Participate in soil-forming processes | |
| mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish | Diptera (flies, mosquitoes) |
| plants | Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets) (bug bug) (white beetles, apple blossom beetle) (Colorado beetle, May beetle, bark beetle, click beetle) |
| Vectors Pathogens of human and animal diseases | Female mosquito (malaria) Mosquito (fever) Flies (helminthic infestations) Great gadfly larvae (skin of large cattle) Horse botfly larvae (horse stomach) Lice (typhus) Fleas (plague) |
Appendix No. 4
Appendix No. 5
QUIZ “WHO IS THIS?”
Appendix No. 6
« DID YOU KNOW"
What is entomology? (science of insects)
Who appears earlier in the spring - the bats or flying insects? (flying insects)
Which beetle is named after the month in which it appears? (Chafer)
Which beetles are named after famous large mammals? Why? (stag beetle, elephant beetle)
What is myrmicology? (science of ants)
How can you know that rain is coming by watching an anthill? (ants cover all entrances and exits)
Which group do they belong to? clothes moth? (Order Lepidoptera)
Who did Princess Swan turn Prince Guidon into in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” by A.S. Pushkin? (mosquito, fly, bumblebee)
Is one of Thumbelina's suitors also an insect? (Chafer)
Remember the most popular book about insects - it begins with a name day and ends with a wedding. (Fly Tsokotukha)
What insects did Yura Barankin and Kostya Malinin turn into in V. Medvedev’s book “Barankin, Be a Man”? (in a butterfly - Swallowtail, cabbageweed, ants)
From which work are the lines and about whom? we're talking about: “The evil insect looks so menacing that bears, dogs, wolves, hippos, and elephants are afraid of it”? (“Cockroach” by K.I. Chukovsky)
Appendix No. 7
PUZZLES
COCKROACHS
Orthoptera
Literature:
1.Vysotskaya M.V. "Biology. Lesson plans based on the textbook by Zakharova V.B., Sonina N.I. 7th grade" Volgograd: Teacher, 2009, 448 pages
2. Zakharov V.B., Sonin N.I. "Biology. Diversity of living organisms, grade 7" M: Bustard, 2012, 256 pages.
3. Molis S.A. “Book for reading on zoology” M: Prosveshchenie, 1986, 224 pages
Internet resources:
1.Riddles http://detkam.e-papa.ru/zagadki/11/, http://riddle-middle.ru/zagadki?cat_id=6
2. Puzzles http://biouroki.ru/rebus/14.html
3. http://biouroki.ru
G 
gnawing gnawing-licking sucking licking piercing
Lesson 45 (18)
Topic: The diversity of insects, their role in nature and practical significance.
Goal: to form students’ knowledge about the diversity of insects.
Tasks:
1) Educational: get acquainted with the diversity of insects; establish the role of insects in natural communities and their significance for humans; update students' knowledge about the structure and reproduction of insects.
2) Developmental: continue to work on developing general educational skills to work with drawings; analyze, summarize; work with a notebook; teach speech culture.
3) Educational: give a greater role to environmental and aesthetic education; foster camaraderie and feelings of mutual assistance during work.
Lesson type: combined, integrated.
Methods: explanatory-illustrative, reproductive, partially search.
Equipment: illustrations, audio recordings, textbook, workbook, quotes about insects, handouts.
Basic concepts: primary wingless insects, winged insects, social insects, cycle of substances in nature.
During the classes
I .Org.moment.
II.Motivation.
I recently read an article in Animal World magazine entitled “1 million different types– 1 million different lives" Who do you think this is written about in the article?
Why is this phrase specifically about insects?
Indeed, next to us lives a world of creatures that are so little similar to us (humans) in their structure and way of life that they can be mistaken for inhabitants of another planet. But these creatures have a huge impact on humans. We cannot live without insects. Therefore, what should we find out in today’s lesson?
We are working according to plan:
Classification of insects.
The role of insects in nature: pollinators of flowering plants, soil formation, a link in food chains and the cycle of substances in nature.
The importance of insects for humans.
The diversity and beauty of insects is a source of human inspiration.
Before we start studying new topic, let’s remember who insects are and how they work.
III.Repetition.
Game "Continue the Answer"
Insects belong to the type...
Insects live...
The body is covered...
Walking legs in insects...
Name the parts of the body.
Name the number of wings.
Insect eyes... (complex)
The nervous system consists of...
The circulatory system consists of...
The respiratory system is represented...
The excretory system is represented by...
Fertilization in insects...
Between the larva and the adult...
Well done boys!
But now it’s “The Third Wheel”
Heart, blood vessels, Malpighian vessels.
Trachea, gills, green glands.
Cyclops, daphnia, crab.
Spider, scorpion, ant.
Fly, doubletail, kelp.
Well done guys, you completed the tasks.
A moment of rest.
Now sit back, close your eyes, think about the beautiful, the good.
Give out green squares!
And so, open your eyes, what reminds you green color?
(Summer, there are a lot of insects, they are busy with something, they are all different.)
IV. New topic.
So, guys, let's start getting acquainted with groups of insects. Working with text, making a diagram.
All of them are divided into two groups: primarily wingless and winged.
1. The primary wingless insects include simply organized insects, for example, silverfish, springtails (textbook p. 164), two-tailed insects - everyone has seen them. Danil Kireev will now tell us what he knows about double-tailed fish.
2. Winged insects are more highly organized animals. They were divided into two groups: insects with complete transformation and insects with incomplete transformation.
Insects
With incomplete transformation With complete transformation
Order Orthoptera Order caddisflies
Order of termites Order of butterflies
Squad of cockroaches Squad of beetles
Dragonfly squad Flea squad
Order Homoptera Order Hymenoptera
Order Mayfly Order Diptera
Squad bedbugs
Lice squad
The characteristics on the basis of which the division into orders is made is the structure of the mouth parts.
Group performance.
Well done guys, we found out.
You are right. With one airy outline
I'm so sweet.
All the velvet is yours with its living blinking -
Only four wings.
Don't ask: where did it come from?
Where am I hurrying?
And here I am breathing.
How long without a goal, without effort,
Do I want to breathe?
Just now, sparkling, I will spread my wings,
And I'll fly away.
A. Fet.
Guys, who are these wonderful lines about? That's right, about a butterfly.
What role do butterflies play in nature? They are pollinators. Why do you need to pollinate plants?
What is this sound? (include bumblebee flight)
What does a bumblebee do in nature? What is his role?
It not only pollinates plants, but also bites painfully, or, to put it correctly, stings. What other stinging insects do you know?
Think about what to do if you are stung by a bee or wasp.
Remember these rules.
Remove the sting.
Lubricate the bite site with alcohol.
Precautionary measures.
But despite negative role bees, they also do a good deed, they produce honey, which is very useful.
Insects, especially ants and termites, play a great role in soil-forming processes. These insects loosen the soil, ventilate it, moisten it, enrich it with humus, and destroy plant and animal residues.
Insects are one of the most important links in the cycle of substances in nature and are included in food chains.
Plants – aphids – ants – tit – birds of prey.
Create your own food chain.
Insects are livestock pests.
Horseflies are blood-sucking dipterans.
Gadflies lay eggs on the body, thereby causing exhaustion, decreased milk yield, and decreased skin value.
Insects are plant pests. Ground flea beetle, garden whitefly, cabbageweed, aphid.
So, guys, have we learned a lot about insects today?
Now we understand why they say this about insects? “1 million different species – 1 million different lives.”
Today in class we proved this.
V. Fastening.
Let's answer the questions:
What would be the consequences of the complete disappearance of insects?
What positive role do insects play in nature, do they need to be protected?
The negative role of insects in human life.
You worked a lot today. Let's give ratings.
VI.Homework.
Textbook pages 164 – 167. Make a power circuit.
The lesson is over. Thanks to all.
Application
Remember these rules.
Remove the sting.
Lubricate the bite site with alcohol.
If the temperature rises or swelling appears, you should consult a doctor.
Precautionary measures.
Do not walk barefoot where there are flowering plants nearby.
Wasps and bees do not really like the colors red and blue; they get scared when they wave their arms.
You need to eat jam very carefully on a hike so that a wasp or bee does not sting the mucous membrane of your mouth.
There are people who can experience allergic shock from one bite and then death if they do not receive the necessary medical assistance.
The lesson takes place in the form of competitions. To participate, 3 teams of 6 people are formed, the rest are fans.
I. Presentation of commands
Team " Ants”, the motto is “There are no meaningless creatures in the world and the ants will give you their answer.”
Team " Beetles”, motto - “The beetles are buzzing, creaking, squeaking and now they want to win.”
Team " Dragonflies”, the motto is “Virtuosos are ready to fight, we, dragonflies, are friendly and agile today.”
II. Warm-up
Each team is asked 5 questions.
Questions for the first team
1. How to appearance recognize an insect?
(1 pair of whiskers, 3 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of wings, 3 body sections)2. Which butterfly robs hives at night? Why are bee stings painless for her?
(The butterfly of the hawkmoth family is a death’s head; bites do not work, because its body is densely covered with hairs.)3. Why does a bee need a fan?
(To cool and avoid overheating the hive, they flap their wings, bring and spray water)4. If a daytime hives butterfly lands under the roof of a barn or flies into a room during the day, what does this mean?
(That it will rain in 1–2 hours)5. Thanks to what flies stay on the ceiling and crawl around window glass?
(The fly has suction cups on its legs)
Questions for Team II
1. What insects have been domesticated by humans?
(Honey bees, silkworm, formerly cochineal aphid and oak silkworm)2. Which beetle, sensing danger, stands on its head?
(Darkling beetle, bombardier)3. Which insect is a real virtuoso in flight?
(Dragonfly rocker blue)4. With the help of what insects does a person fight insect pests?
(ground beetle, ladybug, ichneumon fly, hoverfly)5. Who does a bee family consist of? How are they different from each other?
(Queen, drones, worker bees; differences in size and functions)
Questions for Team III
1. How many species of insects live on Earth? What are their habitats?
(2,000,000 species; live everywhere - in the air at an altitude of 1,500–2,000 m, in fresh and marine waters, in soil, in all plants and animals)2. How do insects escape?
(Flies, butterflies, dragonflies fly away;
wasps, bees, bumblebees sting;
beetles - run away;
grasshoppers - jumping;
bedbugs, ladybugs, bronze bugs - secrete a liquid with a disgusting odor)3. What insects are carriers of human diseases?
(The malaria mosquito carries malaria;
fly - dysentery, cholera, diphtheria;
lice – typhus and relapsing fever
cockroaches – dysentery, cholera)4. What harm do click beetles cause?
(Wireworm larvae harm crops of sugar beets, corn, carrots, potatoes, wheat; the larvae live in the soil for 2–3 years)5. What nurse insects do you know?
(Gravedigger beetles, corpse eaters)
For each correct answer, students receive 5 points.
III. Competition “Find the mistake”
2 people are invited from each team, the teacher reads, and the students must find the mistake. (For this competition the highest score is 5 points.)
Text. “August is approaching. The forest edges and clearings are full of flowering plants. On one of them we will see a peacock butterfly; dark blue round spots stand out brightly against the reddish background of its wings. Suddenly a tit flew up and grabbed the butterfly. We walked further and almost tore the web that the tarantula spider had woven. There were two beetles in his net: dolomedes and silverfish. The song of a female grasshopper was heard in the grass. It was a wonderful day, we saw so much.”
(the peacock butterfly has a warning color and is not pecked by birds, the tarantula spider does not weave a web, dolomedes and silverfish are aquatic spiders and are not insects, male grasshoppers chirp)
IV. Artist competition (pet joke)
Each team invites 3 people. The task is to determine which parts of different insects make up this fantastic animal.
(For this competition the highest score is 10 points.)
Answers to the animal joke: the head of a fly, the muzzle of a dung beetle, the proboscis of a butterfly, the pronotum of a bee, the abdomen of a dragonfly, the legs of a mosquito, the front wings of a grasshopper, the hind wings of a swallowtail.
V. Competition “Zoological Museum”
1 person is invited from each team (for this competition the highest score is 5 points).
The participant must try himself as a tour guide. The video is turned on, there are stills about different orders of insects, the sound is turned off, the participants are voicing. The winner is the one who copes with this task correctly and interestingly.
VI. Competition “Catch an insect”
From each team, 2 people are invited, with the help of a magnet they catch cut out pictures with images of insects (they used the children's game “Catch a Fish”), whoever manages to catch the most and name them within 2 minutes earns 5 points in this competition.
VII. Crossword
(The crossword puzzle is worth 10 points.)
Horizontally:
Vertically:
Crossword answers
By horizontal: 3. Wasps. 5. Mosquitoes. 6. Bumblebees. 7. Bedbugs. 9. Dragonflies. 11. Bees. 14. Fillies. 15. Beetles. 16. Lions (ant-like). 17. Lice.
Vertical: 1. Fleas. 2. Butterflies. 4. Horseflies. 7. Grasshoppers. 8. Ants. 10. Cockroaches. 12. Aphids. 13. Flies.
VIII. Fan competition
For each correct answer, fans receive 1 point.
While the teams solve the crossword puzzle, fans are invited to answer the following questions:
1. Of the arthropods, only insects have excretory organs in the form of...?
(Malpighian vessels.)2) The development of ladybird larvae occurs with...?
(A complete transformation.)3) Name the beetles that have warning colors?
(Soldier bugs, bronze bugs, ground beetles, ladybugs.)4) What insects help pollinate plants?
(Butterflies, bees, bumblebees, ants.)5) Which beetles got their name from famous large mammals and why?
(Stag beetle - for its “branchy” antlers,
rhinoceros beetle - for its hard outgrowth in the form of a horn,
elephants - for their mouth parts in the form of a proboscis.)6) Who is called the “bee wolf”?
(The burrowing wasp stores honey bees for its larvae.)7) What insect hears with its feet?
(Grasshopper.)8) Do male and female mosquitoes always eat the same food?
(No, during the breeding season the female seeks out warm-blooded animals in order to drink the blood necessary for the maturation of the eggs.)9) Why does it itch when a mosquito bites you?
(Poisonous saliva, once in the wound, causes this itching.)10) Name insects - pests of fields, gardens, forests.
(Fields – cabbage whiteweed, beet weevil, beetle, fall armyworm, Colorado potato beetle; forest – paired and gypsy moth; garden – aphids, apple shooter, apple flower beetle.)
IX. The investigation is being conducted by “sniffers”
Each team invites 1 person who understands smells.
Pieces of the sponge have odors (mint, dill, horseradish, orange). If you correctly name all the smells, then the name of the insect is formed from their first letters.
(The fly is an order of Diptera.)
X. Summing up
Awarding the winners and fans who scored the most points.
Questionnaire tasks were compiled using the following literature:
1. V. Sabunaev Entertaining zoology, - Leningrad: Children's literature, 1976.
2. V. V. Nesterov Zoo quiz, - M.: Education, 1969.
3. V. A. Alekseev 300 questions and answers about animals, - Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, 1997.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
Velizh average comprehensive school № 1
Lesson summary
The diversity of insects, their role
in nature and human life
Performed:
Beresneva Tatyana Mikhailovna,
biology teacher
Velizh
2013
Lesson: The diversity of insects, their role
in nature and human life.
Goals:
- generalize and systematize students’ ideas about the structural features and vital functions of insects, show their role in nature and practical significance for humans;
- check the level of development of general educational skills: the ability to compare, contrast, establish cause-and-effect relationships, use various sources of information, analyze, classify, justify the structural features of the body in connection with the environment.
Equipment:
- tables depicting orders of insects;
- insect collections;
- computer;
- multimedia projector;
- presentation on the diversity and importance of insects.
Lesson type: repeating and generalizing.
During the classes:
- Introduction to the topic of the lesson, definition of goals and objectives.
Guys! We have studied animals belonging to the phylum Arthropods. Let's remember what classes this type includes (Crustaceans, Arachnids and Insects).
Which of these classes is the most diverse? (insects)
As practice has shown
There is no broader class:
From pole to pole
They populated the planet.
It is this huge group of animals that we are talking about in this quatrain, because the number of insects, according to various sources, ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 million species.
Today in class we will once again remember everything we know about insects, talk about their diversity and the huge role they play in maintaining ecological balance in nature. We will also learn about the practical importance of insects in human life.
- Repetition of previously studied material (individual written work by students with the task: “Which statements are true?”).
- Insects are exclusively aquatic animals.
- All insects are capable of flight.
- Insects are dioecious animals.
- The Insect class has more than 1.5 million species.
- The circulatory system of insects is closed.
- All insects are herbivores.
- Insects can have both complex and simple eyes.
- The nervous system of insects is built according to the type of abdominal nerve cord.
- All insects have two pairs of well-developed wings.
- The thoracic region carries three pairs of limbs.
Answer: 4, 5, 7, 8, 10.
- Study of new material (conversation with examination of collections of insects of different orders).
What do you know about insects? What principle underlies the classification of insects? What are common features structures of all insects? What classes of animals are similar in structure to insects? What is the advantage of insects over other invertebrates? Why did this particular class take a dominant position on Earth?
Remember into what orders the Insect class is divided. Briefly describe these units according to the plan:
- Squad name;
- Number of species;
- Features of the external structure;
- Habitat;
- Typical representatives.
To complete this task, the class is divided into groups of 3 - 4 students, each group receives collections or pictures of insects without names. Then the groups present their units, and other students correct and expand.
- Independent work with the textbook (analysis of pictures and text according to § 16 - 19 with filling out the table in the notebook “The Meaning of Insects”).
Meaning in nature | Practical significance for humans | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative |
|
Guys! Which columns of the table contained the most rows with records? Which column was left blank? Why? Imagine if this class disappears. Will this affect the life of nature or will it turn out to beunnoticeable? Why do you think so? What should a person do to ensure that these amazing creatures of nature delight us with their proximity for as long as possible? Based on the analysis of the data in the table and answers to the questions, formulate a conclusion about the importance of insects on Earth and write it down in your notebook.
- Solving riddles about insects with a presentation (front work with the class). It is necessary not only to guess the insect, but also to determine its belonging to the order.
Honey cures colds
He gives us health.
Brought flower honey
Honey bearer.............(bee).
Slide
Always ready to jump
Green wonderful horse!
Try to catch him
In an open palm!............ (grasshopper).
Slide
Lives in a pile of garbage
Numerous people.
Look how busy he is
Red little worker!
Here he drags a needle into the house,
So that it would be warmer in it.
Very friendly family
At the forest ................... (ant).
Slide
Two white, two yellow - four napkins
They fell from the flower and sat on a branch.
White napkins with black polka dots –
Wonderful wings of fluttering midges........... (butterfly).
Slide
Working like a mole with paw blades,
An evil insect dug a hole in the ground.
The potatoes died, the daffodil turned yellow.
Who ate the roots of the plants?............ (mole cricket).
Slide
Came from the swamp
I called and sat down on my nose.
Annoying Vampire
There was a feast at the bow............. (mosquito).
Slide
This beetle lives in water
Dashingly paddling with paws
Wonderful swimmer
It's called............. (swimmer).
Flat, green, shield-like
A beetle sits on a thin stem.
Let it not be dangerous to take it in your hands,
I won’t take it: it smells terrible............ (bug).
Slide
Swift-wing helicopter
He sat down on a flower with us............... (dragonfly).
Slide
Guys, let's once again remember the orders of insects that we studied.
Slide
- Summing up the lesson. Homework.
Repeat § 16 - 19, answer the questions for these paragraphs. Find Interesting Facts from the life of insects. Prepare a message or presentation about the importance of insects (optional).
Beresneva T.M., biology teacher