Installation of internal drains from steel pipes. Roof drains HL with vertical outlet
These include:
1) atmospheric water receivers - drainage funnels;
2) outlet pipes connecting drainage funnels to risers;
3) drainage risers;
4) underground drainage network (outlets);
5) devices for inspecting and cleaning the network.
Drainage funnels are shaped like bell-shaped and flat. Flat drainage funnels for flat roofs (terraces) where people can stay (solariums, cafes) (see Figure 1a).
Figure 1. Main types of drainage funnels: a) - flat BP10 for flat roofs; b) - bell-type VR7m for pitched roofs; 1 - drain pipe; 2 - pressure flange; 3 - cap, grille; 4 - fasteners; 5 – asbestos-cement pipe
Bell funnels are installed on unused roofs.
Funnels are made of cast iron. It is especially important that the connection between the funnel and the roof is waterproof and elastic. Drain funnels come in diameters of 50, 75, 100 and 150 mm (pipe diameter).
The total area of the funnel's water intake openings must exceed the cross-sectional area of the pipe by at least 2 times. Install at least 2 funnels on a flat roof.
Funnels must be installed in low parts of the roof, in valleys; the slope of the roof to the funnels must be at least 0.01. The roof should not have places where water could accumulate and stagnate, and where drainage funnels cannot be placed.
The funnels are arranged so that the distance between them on each longitudinal axis of the building does not exceed 48 meters for any type of roof.
On flat roofs of residential buildings, 2 funnels should be placed per section.
U expansion joints install 2 funnels on both sides of the seam. If they are connected to a common riser or branch line, elastic connections should be provided that allow the pipes some movement and at the same time are sealed.
The connection of drainage funnels to risers should be provided using expansion sockets with elastic sealing.
Branch pipes are used to connect drainage funnels to the risers of the internal drainage network. They are laid in attics and technical floors; suspended lines are used in industrial buildings. It is not permitted to lay overhead lines over equipment and products that do not allow moisture to enter them.
They are constructed from cast iron socket-type free-pressure pipes in the absence of vibrations, steel (with vibration) or plastic pipes. On suspended networks, inspections and cleaning are carried out every 20 m with a diameter of up to 150; every 25 m with a diameter of up to 200 mm.
The diameter of the outlet pipe must be no less than the diameter of the outlet pipe of the funnel.
The minimum slope in suspended pipelines is i = 0.005, the maximum diameter of suspended pipes is 300 mm.
It is recommended to place the initial section of a suspended line that drains water from several funnels at a distance from the roof equal to at least 12 funnel diameters to increase its throughput.
Gutter risers receive atmospheric water from drainage lines and transfer them to the underground drainage network. Risers are installed near walls, partitions or columns in heated rooms away from external walls. Installed openly or in furrows, shafts. In residential buildings, risers are usually located in stairwells, corridors, utility rooms. Laying risers and outlet pipes in apartments is not permitted. It is not allowed to embed drainpipes into blocks and wall panels.
The risers are made of cast iron, asbestos-cement or plastic pipes, depending on the height and purpose of the building. Their diameter must be no less than the diameter of the connected outlet pipes and is usually accepted as 100, 150 and 200 mm.
For cleaning, inspections are installed on the risers on the lower floor at a height of 1 meter from the floor; if there are indents - above the indents. Testing risers upon acceptance - filling to the funnel.
When developing a project for the internal drainage system of a public building, architectural, planning, structural, technological and sanitary features are taken into account. An important issue is the placement of drainage funnels. The fewer funnels there are and the farther they are located from one another, the fewer weak spots on the roof there will be, the fewer drainpipes will be required and the more economical the system will be.
As stated, funnel spacing in the valleys of pitched roofs should not exceed 48 m . Maximum length The path of water movement to the funnel on a flat roof is 150 m.
According to the research of P.V. Lobachev, this distance between funnels on pitched roofs is underestimated. Increasing the distance (about 70 m) will both improve the performance of the internal drainage system and reduce its cost. On flat roofs, the distance between funnels should be limited to approximately 40 m, which will reduce the accumulation of dusty sediments on the roof. Sometimes, for better drainage of flat roofs and to prevent the accumulation of solid sediments on them, a larger number of funnels are used smaller diameter. At least two drainage funnels will be placed on a large closed compartment of the roof.
At placement of drainage funnels on the roof They also preliminarily outline the routes of the future network of the internal drainage system. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the installation requirements special equipment, especially in need of foundation construction and affecting the routing underground pipelines. The most reliable system is with one funnel on the drain riser. Systems with underground drainage pipes or channels are almost equivalent in quality to systems with one funnel on the riser, but they are suitable only if there is an external rain or common sewage system. Open outlets are not allowed in systems with underground pipelines. Systems with suspended pipelines are the least reliable. Such systems are designed in such a way that there is a minimum number of funnels per suspension line, and the distance from the suspension line to the roof plane at the drainage funnel is at least 10-12 diameters of the outlet pipe of the funnel. In some cases, as confirmed by relevant technical and economic indicators, both external and internal drainage systems are installed on the same building, using one funnel on the drain riser, an underground outlet pipeline and an overhead outlet pipeline.
Internal drainage systems To avoid clogging, the outlet is tested for water tightness. To do this, the entire riser, including the drainage funnel, is filled with water. The riser is usually made from pressure pipes. The choice of pipe material is made depending on the purpose of the building, its height, the location of the pipelines and their operating conditions. It is not advisable to use steel pipes for the installation of system pipelines. During operation, they quickly corrode, since the inner surface of the gutters is subject to conditions of alternating moisture and abundant aeration, and precipitation is always saturated with oxygen and is aggressive towards steel.
For buildings up to six floors high, cast iron sewer pipes and connecting parts are used. In more tall buildings risers and outlet pipelines can be constructed from cast iron pressure pipes with cast iron parts, including high-strength nodular cast iron (ductile iron).
Riser pipes and sub-pipes are also made from pressure asbestos-cement pipes, connecting them using cast-iron connecting parts and special asbestos-cement couplings. Asbestos cement pipes must be protected from mechanical damage, for example from impacts and large concentrated loads.
Wide use pipes are made from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyethylene. For the same outer diameter, pipes with different wall thicknesses are produced. Therefore, pipelines in buildings of various heights are selected according to the indicator SDR based on strength calculations. In this case, the features of the long-term behavior of the selected polymer are taken into account, depending on the stressed state of the pipe walls in the process of loading the pipelines with internal pressure and the duration of this pressure.
For the installation of drainage outlets and underground drainage pipelines, in addition to those indicated above, concrete, reinforced concrete and ceramic pipes of the appropriate diameter are also used.
Connecting parts (bends, tees, revisions, etc.), fastening means (clamps, supports, hangers, etc.), as well as other auxiliary materials, are used the same as for other internal pipelines water supply and sanitation.
An essential factor for creating a reliable and efficient internal drainage system is the correct selection of individual elements of the system. In this case, the greatest attention is paid to the selection of interface units between the drainage funnel and the covering, roofing and drainage riser. The constructive solution of such units depends on the type of roof (flat - pitched, non-poured - poured, etc.), the thickness and material of the coating, the type of pipes and their standard sizes.
One of the standard solutions for pairing a funnel with a pitched roof allows you to install a drain funnel both on non-flooded and on roofs that are flooded with a layer of water. The relatively high side of the pressure flange serves to hold the protective (so-called armor) layer of the roof (for roofs without protective coating the pressure flange is made without a side). The advantage of such a funnel is that the roofing carpet is tightly clamped between two flat flanges. This protects it from kinks and folds.
Location of a universal drainage funnel on a flat roof
1 - drain pipe with flange;
2 - pressure flange;
3 - receiving dome;
4 - coupling bolt;
5 - roofing carpet made of tar materials;
6 - clamp;
7 - drain riser
Another standard solution allows for waterproof pairing drainage funnel with a combined coating consisting of a bottom layer of rigid concrete or expanded clay concrete and a light insulating layer (for example, mineral wool).
Waterproof connection of a drainage funnel with a combined covering
1 - drain pipe;
2 - stopper - flange with pipe;
3 - bolt;
4 - funnel body;
5 - hairpin;
6 - receiving grid with holes;
7 - pressure flange with pipe;
8 - waterproofing carpet;
9 - case made of asbestos-cement pipe;
10 - overlap;
11 - stuffing box compensator
Drain funnel consists of a housing with a drain pipe with a nominal bore of 80 mm, a receiving grid with a pressure ring with a pipe and a cap. The receiving grille is made as one piece with a pressure flange and a receiving pipe, which promotes better heat transfer from the riser to the peripheral parts of the funnel. The cap is attached to the grille with three small bolts with cotter pins (without nuts). The grate is also pressed to the flange of the drain pipe with bolts, which creates a waterproof connection with the roofing carpet. To protect the threaded connection from corrosion, blind nuts on hard rubber gaskets are used. When installed on roofs with attics, the flange must rest on a solid layer of reinforced concrete. On combined surfaces with effective insulation materials the funnel is installed with an additional pipe made of asbestos-cement pipe with a nominal bore of 150 mm, on which the flange of the drain pipe rests. Drain funnels of any design are mated to the riser at a connection capable of compensating for the linear movements of the funnel relative to the riser (along its axis). To compensate for possible temperature deformations, standard or special ones are installed below the drain pipe of the drain funnel. expansion pipes. The simplest method of compensation is the use of compensating sockets and couplings, which are mounted directly behind the funnel pipe.
It is important to correctly select the nodes for the passage of open drainage outlets through the walls of buildings. To prevent pipes from freezing in them, the units are equipped with thermal insulation.
Passage unit for an open drainage outlet through a wall
1 - main wall of the building;
2 - basement;
3 - steel (cast iron) drainage outlet with a diameter of 100 mm;
4 - asbestos-cement with a diameter of 250 mm;
5 - thermal insulation;
6 - plaster;
7 - blind area;
8 - underground space;
9 - waterproofing
To ensure the possibility of admission in winter warm air into a system with open drainage outlets their drainage risers include special devices that are installed in places of maximum heat generation or special heaters are placed near them. In this case, as a rule, two outlets are arranged: the outlet itself and a reserve outlet, in case the first one becomes clogged. In order to prevent the flow of cold air, the second outlet is closed with a rubber valve (clacker).
Thermal air supply unit to the internal drainage system
a - section;
b - view A;
c - view B;
1 - drain riser;
2 - revision;
3 - elbow for warm air intake;
4 - funnel;
5 - junction of the drainage riser into the horizontal outlet pipeline;
6 - emphasis;
7 - water drainage seal;
8 - flap made of sheet rubber;
9 - emergency release;
10 - working open release
Gutter risers they are laid both openly and hidden in the grooves of walls, in boxes, shafts, etc. When laying hidden, small doors are provided at the inspection on the risers. To avoid moisture condensation, drainage risers are not allowed to be embedded in blocks or wall panels.
Gutter risers It is best to place them in stairwells, corridors and other utility rooms. They are not laid over equipment and products that are not allowed to get wet. Suspended pipelines are usually located in attics.
The minimum slopes of the outlet pipelines are determined by hydraulic calculation and take approximately at least 1/ D B ( D B - internal diameter, mm).
The minimum depth of underground pipelines is taken from the condition of protecting the pipes from mechanical damage (determined by strength calculations). Pipelines may be laid at a depth of at least 0.1 m from the floor to the top of the pipe.
The maximum length of outlets (from the riser to the axis of the inspection well) for pipes with a diameter of 75-100 mm is 15 m, and with a diameter of 150 mm and more - 20 m. The outlets are connected to external networks of rainwater or alloy sewerage systems, both without a difference and with a difference of inspection well.
To clean elements of the internal drainage network, it is necessary to install inspections, cleanings and inspection wells. Inspections on risers are installed if there are no indentations on the lower floor, and if there are indentations - above them (except for indentations directly under the funnel). The maximum distance between inspections on straight sections of overhead pipelines for pipes with a diameter of 75-150 mm is 20 m, with a diameter of 200 mm and above - 25 m. On underground pipelines, inspections or cleaning are provided in places where the direction changes by more than 15 0 and in straight sections by no more than 30 m from each other. When installing inspections on underground outlet pipelines, they are placed in inspection wells for ease of maintenance.
Funnels located on different sides of expansion joints (temperature, sediment, etc.) are connected to one riser or to a common overhead pipeline using expansion joints that provide flexibility of connections (for example, by installing inserts and rubber hoses of the appropriate diameter).
The suspension, fastening and connection of pipelines of internal drainage systems is carried out similarly to the fastening of pipelines for internal water supply and sewerage.
Design and technological
institute industrial construction
JSC PKTIpromstroy
ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION OF INTERNAL
PLASTIC DRAINS
PIPES IN RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
66-04 TK
2004
1 AREA OF USE
1.1 This map contains instructions for the preparation, installation and acceptance of internal drains from risers made of polyvinyl chloride pipes to funnels in residential and public buildings.
1.2 This map includes requirements for the range of pipes and methods of connecting them, issues of installation of risers and fittings, storage of pipes and labor safety during their installation are considered.
1.3 When linking a map to the construction site of specific buildings and structures, it is necessary to take into account the requirementsSNiP 2.04.01-85* “Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings”,SNiP 2.04.02-84* "Water supply. External networks and structures",SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems",VSN 48-96 "Departmental building standards for installation internal sewerage and gutters from PVC pipes in residential and public buildings",SP 40-102 -20 “Design and installation of pipelines for water supply and sewerage systems from polymer materials. General requirements". The map is linked to local conditions by a specialized organization.
1.4 This map provides for the use of progressive technical solutions and work methods, mechanization of labor-intensive work, automation of technological processes and maximum industrialization of construction installation work through the use of prefabricated structures, standard and standard products and parts manufactured in factories and procurement workshops.
1.5 The form of using the card involves its circulation in the field of information technologies with inclusion in the database on technology and organization construction production automated workstation for construction technologist (AWS TSP), contractor and customer.
2 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION
2.1 Before installation of internal drains begins, the following must be completed:
Installation (concreting) of interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions on which sanitary equipment is installed or fixed;
Installation of supports for pipelines laid in underground channels and technical undergrounds;
Preparation of holes, grooves, niches and nests in foundations, walls, partitions, ceilings and coatings necessary for laying pipelines;
Applying auxiliary marks on the internal and external walls of all rooms equal to the design marks of the finished floor plus 500 mm;
Plastering (or cladding) the surfaces of walls and niches in places where drainage pipelines are laid, as well as plastering the surface of grooves for hidden installation of pipelines in external walls;
Installation in accordance with the working documentation of embedded parts in building structures for fastening drainage pipelines.
2.2 Internal PVC drainage systems are installed in mass housing construction, as well as in reconstructed buildings.
2.3 During installation, elements of internal PVC drains are assembled from separate pipe products. The scope of work for the installation of drains from polyethylene pipelines includes:
Marking installation locations for fasteners;
Drilling holes;
Installation of fasteners;
Lowering drains into holes in interfloor ceilings with installation of sleeves;
Connecting pipeline joints using flanges with bolt tightening;
Fastening pipelines with detachable clamps, installing gaskets and tightening bolts.
2.4 PVC pipe products are used in internal drainage systems - for the installation of drain risers, laying drainage pipelines from drainage funnels in attics; when installing water seals and drainage pipelines from risers in the basements of buildings up to 4 floors high.
2.5 When using PVC pipe products for the installation of internal drainage systems multi-storey buildings should be provided in accordance with requirementsSNiP 2.04.01-85* “Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings” fire safety conditions:
It is necessary to provide for hidden installation of drainage risers in installation communication shafts, grooves, channels and boxes, the enclosing structures of which, with the exception of the front panel providing access to the riser, must be made of non-combustible materials (the front panel can be made in the form of an opening door made of combustible material);
In the basements of buildings not equipped for production, storage and office premises, as well as in attics and bathrooms of residential buildings, open laying of drainage pipelines from PVC pipe products is allowed;
The passages of the risers are sealed over the entire thickness of the ceilings plus 8 - 10 cm cement mortar 20 - 30 mm thick, with the riser protected by a sleeve made of rolled waterproofing material without a gap visible to the eye.
2.6 In all cases, outlets to the blind areas of buildings for internal PVC drains are made of steel pipes; outlet collection pipelines and PVC water seals with steel outlets are connected on flanges.
2.7 Work on installing drains from polyvinyl chloride pipe products must be carried out by workers trained in installation methods and familiar with the properties of polyvinyl chloride.
2.8 Workers carrying out transportation and installation of polyvinyl chloride pipe products and assemblies made from them should be aware of the decrease in the resistance of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride to impact and bending loads at subzero temperatures and the need for careful handling of them in winter.
2.9 Parts and assemblies made of PVC can be stored, transported, stored and installed at any ambient temperature, provided that measures are taken and ensured to prevent damage to pipe products made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.
2.10 Pipe products and PVC pipe blanks intended for the installation of internal drainage systems must be stored on horizontal areas of on-site warehouses within the reach of a tower crane and, when stored for more than 10 days, protected from direct sunlight.
2.11 The main properties of PVC pipes and pipes produced by JSC NPO "Plastik" must correspond to those indicated in the table .
Table 1- Basic properties of PVC products
|
Name |
Unit change |
Index |
|
|
Appearance |
The surface of the product must be flat and smooth. Minor roughness, marks from the forming tool, waviness, as well as individual inclusions are allowed. |
||
|
Density |
g/cm 3 |
1,38 - 1,43 |
|
|
Tensile yield strength |
MPa (kgf/cm 2) |
44,1 (450) |
|
|
Elongation at break* |
at least 25 |
||
|
VIKA softening point |
°C |
at least 79 |
|
|
Elastic modulus* |
MPa |
2500 - 3500 |
|
|
Temperature coefficient of linear expansion |
mm/m °С |
0,08 |
2.12 To install drainage risers, it is necessary to use PVC pipes with a diameter of 110 mm in accordance with TU 6-49-0203534-94-93 - in buildings up to 17 floors high and in accordance with TU 6-19-231-87 and TU 6-49-4-88 - in buildings of any number of storeys.
2.13 Drainage prefabricated pipelines in the attic should be installed using polyvinyl chloride sewer fittings according to TU 6-49-33-92 and pipes according to TU 6-19-307-86, and TU 6-49-0203534-94-93 with a diameter of 110 mm .
2.14 It is allowed to use PVC pipe products from other manufacturers. Their quality and suitability must be justified and confirmed by relevant certificates of Russian organizations.
2.15 Installation of a drainage system made of polyvinyl chloride pipes using adhesive joints is carried out in the following sequence:
A steel outlet pipeline is laid in the basement;
A container with pipe blanks is brought to the construction site and lifted by a tower crane to the roof or ceiling of the penultimate floor;
The ends of the pipes are thoroughly cleaned of dirt and the surfaces to be bonded are roughened;
Mark and attach fastening clamps to building structures;
The pipes are lowered, placing them along the entire height of the building;
Seal the transition piece into the socket of the steel outlet pipeline, as shown in the figure;
Prepare glue;
Glue PVC pipes, first degreasing the surfaces to be glued;
After each connection is made, the corresponding pipes are secured by tightening the half-rings of the fastening brackets with bolts and nuts;
Install an audit (on risers with indents);
The steel transition piece is inserted into the compensation socket of the upper drainpipe and attached to the building structures;
The drain pipe of the drain funnel is sealed into the socket of the steel transition piece;
Wrap the pipes in the places where they pass through the ceilings with roofing felt in two layers and secure them with wire.
d
S
S 1min
S 2min
d 1
d 2
lmin
l 1min
l 2min
l 3min
DTo
dTo
50 +0,2
3,2 +0,5
50,3 +0,8
50,9 +1
49,0 +1
6 +0,4
90 +0,3
3,2 +0,5
90,4 +0,8
101 +1
7 +0,4
110 +0,3
3,2 +0,52
110,4 +0,5
120,6
109 +1,4
7 +0,4
Indicator name
Norm
Test method
Shore A hardness, arbitrary units
GOST 18829-73*
Change in hardness after aging in air at 70 °C for 168 hours Shore A, arbitrary units, no more
Estimated flow of rainwater to the drainage riser, l/s
The minimum slopes of branch pipelines should be taken for overhead pipelines 0.005, for underground pipelines - in accordance with the requirements.
2.38 When determining the estimated catchment area, an additional 30% of the total area should be taken into account vertical walls adjacent to the roof and rising above it.
2.39 Drainage risers, as well as all drainage pipelines, including those laid below the floor of the first floor, should be designed at a pressure that can withstand hydrostatic pressure in the event of blockages and overflows.
2.40 Assembly units for drainage risers made of polyvinyl chloride with a diameter of 110 mm with cast iron funnels are accepted taking into account the type of connections shown in the figure .
2.41 Water from internal drainage systems should be discharged into external networks of rainwater or common sewerage systems. When justified, it is allowed to provide for the drainage of water from internal drainage systems into the industrial sewerage system of unpolluted or reused Wastewater. It is not allowed to drain water from internal drains into the domestic sewer system or connect sanitary fixtures to the internal drain system.
Name
Type, brand, GOST
Quantity
Flatbed car
KAMAZ-55111
Bench hammer
Type 2
GOST 2310-77*
Weight, kg0.8
Bench chisel
GOST 7211-86*
20 ´ 70°
Metal measuring tape
For marking and control of work
Folding metal meter
Same
Construction level
US-1-300
Length 300 mm
Plumb
O-200
Double-sided open-end wrench for M10, 12, 14, 16 bolts
17 ´ 19, 22 ´ 24
GOST 2839-80*
10 ´ 12; 12 ´ 13; 13 ´ 14; 14 ´ 17
Caulk
Rubber gloves (pair)
Bucket
Blunt sledgehammer
GOST 11401-75*
Sanding paper
№ 10 - 16
GOST 6456-82*
For stripping plastic pipelines
Three-section portable tool box
VNII MSS
Trimming mounting device
UTPM-110
Trimming of plastic pipelines
Welding installation device
USPM-110
Welding of plastic pipelines
Welding installation heater
NSPM-110
Heating of plastic pipes
Single-roll block
Load capacity up to 1.0 t
Load capacity 3.2 t
Fabric sling
Rubber ring
PC.
Drain funnel
PC.
Pipe branch
PC.
6 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS
6.1 The costs of labor and machine time for the installation of internal drains from polyvinyl chloride pipelines are calculated according to the “Unified Standards and Prices for Construction, Installation and Repair Work”, introduced in 1987, and are presented in the tabledriver, man-hours, (work of machines, machine-hours)
E 9-1-41 No. 1
Acquisition and delivery of materials and products
E 7-4 No. 8 (applicable)
Installation of storm drains
PC
E 9-1-4 No. 3e
Laying drains
0,19
19,0
E 9-1-4 No. 3e
Installation of branch pipes and outlet pipelines
0,19
E 9-1-4 No. 3e
E 20-1-245 No. 3 (applicable)
Construction of horizontal sections of the underground network and outlets
0,19
0,37
16,8
E 9-1-8 Table 2 No. 4
Working check drainage systems in general
100 m
E 9-1-8 table 2 No. 5
Final check of the entire system
100 m
1,50
1,50
6.2 The duration of work on the installation of internal drains from polyvinyl chloride pipelines is determined calendar plan execution of work according to the table .
VSN 48-96 “Departmental building standards for the installation of internal sewerage and drains from PVC pipes in residential and public buildings”
10 SP 40-102-2000 “Design and installation of pipelines for water supply and sewerage systems made of polymer materials. General requirements".