Perennial daisies: varieties, cultivation and care. Daisies - growing, care, transplanting and propagation When to replant daisies in the fall

Daisy is a flower that attracts attention in wildlife and in the flowerbed in the garden. Bright colors and neat bushes give the plant decorative look. There are many mystical and incredible stories about the flower about its origin. Buds and petals, root and aerial parts are used in cosmetology, cooking and folk medicine.

Daisies flowers

The ancestor of the cultivated varieties was a field species that is widespread on the plains of the Mediterranean. The plant is unpretentious, but spectacular. There are many varieties and types.

Variety of daisies

Origin and appearance of the daisy plant

Bellis is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae (Asteraceae) family. The name is translated from Latin as “beautiful, wonderful”, from Greek – “pearl”. Many other countries have their own names for the flower.

The origin always begins in beautiful legends - every nation has its own interpretation. The plant is considered very fashionable, so one of the varieties can be found in almost any well-kept garden or in a good flower bed.

Wild daisies

Everyone can tell what daisies look like, since they have seen these flowers at least once in their life. There are several varieties that differ in their appearance. " Business card"A flower is the color and structure of the buds.

Description of the daisy flower

To recognize this type of flower among others, you need to know what it looks like. Its main features:

• The above-ground part is a bush, the height of which is no more than 20 cm.
• The stem is bare, and only in the area of ​​the ground itself can there be several narrow long leaves.
• The root is branched, but occupies a minimum area under the bush.
• There are many inflorescences on the bush.
• Inflorescences can be a tongue-shaped or tubular version of the petal shape.
• The color range includes more than 100 shades. The most popular colors are: yellow, pink, white, lilac, burgundy, as well as their combinations.

Appearance of buds and stems

Interesting! The plant has a unique “character”. For example, its buds open after sunrise and close after sunset. Bushes bend to the ground in windy weather.

When do perennial daisies usually bloom?

Gardeners are trying to grow perennials, since every year the flowering becomes more luxuriant. You can usually enjoy timely flowering in the second year of the flower's life.

Daisies bloom from late April or early May. In the first year, the appearance of buds may be delayed and may even appear at the beginning of June.

How long do daisies bloom?

If you properly care for the crop, the buds will decorate the inconspicuous bush for about 2-3 months.

Additional Information! In hot weather, daisies can stop flowering and resume when the weather returns to normal.

Some varieties have longer flowering periods - often the inflorescences can be observed until frost.

Types and varieties of daisies

There are wild and domesticated species. There are 14 species in nature, but only 2 are used in gardening - annuals and perennials. Annuals are usually planted in pots or flowerpots, while perennials are grown in flower beds and gardens. At the same time, domestic species include a lot of varieties, each of which has its own distinctive features.

Daisy Tasso

The Tasso daisy has the following description:

• bush 12 cm high;
• tubular petals, collected in inflorescences according to the pom-pom principle;
• The colors of the buds can be varied, but the most popular options remain white and pink.

Tasso is considered an improved version of Pamponetta.

Variety Tasso

Daisy Pompom

The pompom variety is one of the first selectively bred in France. It is distinguished by lush flowering - about 40 buds can bloom on 1 bush at one time. At the same time, the buds are small (about 2 cm in radius), but fluffy.

Variety Pompon

Daisy Habanera

A popular variety among lovers of rich colors. Basically, the color of the petals is close to burgundy, but the white-burgundy version is considered especially popular. The buds have a diameter of about 6 cm, the petals are terry and voluminous.

Habanera variety

Growing daisies from seeds

Growing daisy flowers is not difficult. They are mainly bred by sowing seeds. This happens in the spring. There are 2 sowing methods - seedlings with further replanting in flowerbeds or sowing in open ground. Next, the seedlings are grown.

An ideal plant for beginning gardeners

Even a beginner can cope with germinating seeds, growing seedlings and growing flowers. The plant is unpretentious, does not require special attention, but at the same time pleases with its flowering. Flower growers recommend this crop for planting in public flower beds, where watering and weeding are done quite rarely. Even a child can cope with growing and caring for it.

Growing daisy seedlings

Growing daisy seedlings begins with sowing, and then the following stages follow:

• preparing appropriate conditions for growing;
• seedling care;
• determining the time for experiencing sprouts;
• picking seedlings;

Then the small seedlings are cared for in the open ground.

Growing seedlings from seeds

Stratification and planting of daisy seeds

The first question that interests novice gardeners is - when to plant daisies with seeds? There are several options for determining the sowing period. It is preferable to sow planting material in early January and February. It is better to choose granulated seeds, which are covered with a special coating of nutrients.

Sowing algorithm:

• prepare containers with loamy soil;
• make grooves in the soil at a distance of 2 cm from each other;
• spread out the seeds;
• spray with a spray bottle;
• cover with film to create a greenhouse effect.

Important! Planting material cannot be covered with soil.

If the procedure is carried out on time and correctly, the daisies will bloom in the first year.

Conditions for growing daisy seedlings

Daisies grow from seeds to seedlings within 1-2 months. Much depends on the conditions and plant variety:

• The room must always be +25 °C.
• If the days are cloudy, you need to install lamps above the container with sprouts.
• When seedlings appear, remove the film and reduce the air temperature to +20 °C.

Daisy seedlings

Watering is carried out as the soil dries. It is advisable to spray so as not to wash the sprouts.

When to plant daisy seedlings in open ground

3 months after sowing, you can begin planting seedlings in open ground. This usually happens in mid to late May. If the weather is warm, then the procedure can be performed even in early May.

Picking seedlings

If you have no experience in picking seedlings, then it is better to initially take care to avoid this. It is enough to plant the seeds in peat cups, which are planted in the ground without removing the earthen clod from the root system.

Seedlings for planting

Propagation of daisies by cuttings

The procedure is performed in mid-May. How daisies reproduce by cuttings:

1. Choose a healthy bush.
2. Using a sharp knife, cut off a shoot that has at least 3-4 leaves.
3. Place the cutting in the moist soil of the greenhouse.

Rooting will occur in 2 weeks, and after a year the bush will delight you with colorful flowers.

Reproduction of daisies by dividing the bush

The bush is divided after 2 years in order to rejuvenate the plant. The procedure is carried out as follows:

1. Divide before or after flowering.
2. Carefully dig up the bush and divide the root system according to the number of stems.
3. Cut off leaves and dry (withered) buds.
4. Trim root shoots.

Reproduction of daisies

Plant new bushes in prepared soil. The process is not too long and provides a faster reproduction option.

What you need to plant daisies

Planting is done simply and efficiently if everything is prepared for this procedure:

• Choose a good place for landing.
• Prepare the substrate.
• Treat the soil.

Choosing the optimal location

Growing daisies is easy if you choose first right place. The culture prefers open areas where the bush will be illuminated by direct sunlight. But aggressive influence can lead to sunburn, so you need to plant a taller type of plant nearby.

Selection of location and soil

Daisies in landscape design

To decorate the garden with a plant, you need to choose it appropriate place in landscape design:

• Daisies look original against a green lawn.
• They go well with hyacinths, tulips, and daffodils.
• Harmonizes with coniferous trees.

Daisies in landscape design

To visually make the house bright, it is worth planting huge flower beds with bushes of different colors near the facade.

Caring for daisies in the garden

Perennial daisies, planting and caring for which are not difficult, remain in a vegetative state for a long time. But it is still worth paying attention to some nuances.

Feeding daisies for lush flowering

Grow lush bush happen if you perform a three-stage feeding:

• immediately after the thaw - nitrogen fertilizers;
• at the moment the first buds appear - complex fertilizers;
• before winter - humus.

Important! The plant does not require additional fertilizing.

Features of transplantation and protection from pests

An important condition for normal development is protection from pests. The following pests most often affect crops:

• spider mite;
• thrips;
• small rodents.

If pests are identified, then it is worth immediately taking measures to destroy the “undesirable guests”.

Seed collection and disease exposure

During drought, the following diseases may occur:

• powdery mildew;
• gray rot;
• red rust.

It is necessary to treat the plant with a fungicide and ensure normal watering. After healing, you need to collect seeds from daisies:

1. Tear off the dry box.
2. Pour the contents onto paper and dry.
3. Place planting material in paper bags.

Important! Seeds can be stored for no more than 3 years.

Collection of dry seeds

Preparing daisies for winter

During cold weather, it is worth preparing the plant for winter:

1. Hill up the bushes where the transition of the stem to the root system is exposed.
2. Cut off leaves and buds.
3. Sprinkle the specimens with dry leaves or sawdust.

There is no need to especially surround the crop with care before wintering - it is enough to carry out the simplest measures.

You can decorate a balcony, flowerbed, or garden with culture. The plant is not whimsical and blooms luxuriantly almost all summer. Usually perennial daisy is used for cultivation different varieties. The crop can be propagated by cuttings, seeds and dividing the bush. Many gardeners prefer this particular type of aster.

Daisy is an annual and perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae (Asteraceae) family. The flower has been known since Ancient Egypt, it was sung by poets, healers used it in medicinal purposes. In the 16th century, the first terry varieties appeared.

Today there is a huge selection of varieties and hybrids of this plant, which have their own characteristics and differences. Flowers first appeared in Central Asia and North Africa. Today the daisy can be found in different parts of the world (Europe, Transcaucasia, Australia, North America).

The daisy is a frost-resistant, unpretentious plant.

This flower is grown as a biennial. The bushes bloom within a year. In the first season, a leaf rosette is formed. The following year, in mid-April, the daisy bush is covered with flowers. Daisies are long-growing plants daylight hours, flowering is extended. It lasts until mid-autumn.

The roots of the daisy are short and fibrous. The pubescent bladed leaves are collected in a rosette and pressed to the ground. The leaves are bright, rich Green colour, jagged at the edges.

The stems are leafless, height from 10 to 30 centimeters. Inflorescences of pink, white, red shades. Flowers with a yellow center, diameter 1-8 centimeters (depending on the variety).

The daisy propagates by seeds (January - June), cuttings (May - June) and by dividing the bush (in March or August). Cuttings and dividing the bush allows you to propagate rare varieties. In addition, dividing the bush allows you to avoid degeneration of the flower.

In addition to decorating the yard and balcony, the daisy can be used in folk medicine and cooking. Gourmets add flowers to tea and various dishes.

Types and varieties with photos

Today 80 species are known perennial daisies. Daisies grow in meadows, along the banks of rivers, lakes, in gardens and flower beds.

is the only cultivated perennial species daisies, on the basis of which many decorative varieties and hybrids were bred.

Annual daisy (Bellis annua)

blooms in August and pleases with flowers until the first frost. This type of daisy reproduces exclusively by seeds. This type of daisy is most often found in the wild.

Varieties and varieties are divided:

• For early and late flowering;
• by flower diameter - miniature (1-4 centimeters), medium size (4-6 centimeters),
• large (more than 6 centimeters);
• according to the shape of the flowers (pompom, tuberose, spherical, rose-shaped);
• by terry size (single, terry and semi-double);
• by type of baskets (reed, unfolded and tubular);
• by color (pink, white, red shades);
• by type of flower color (speckled, striped, plain, with different colors petals above and below);
• according to the height of the bush (1-30 centimeters).

In double varieties, the reed petals on the lower part are colored and multi-rowed. Tubular daisies are small, yellow in color, twisted into tubes.

The best varieties of daisies include:

Terry early variety with white flowers. There are about 30 inflorescences in the bush, the diameter of the flower is 4 - 5 centimeters.

Rosa gigantea- terry variety with large pink flowers. This variety blooms in May - June.

Large double flowers, all shades of pink. The flower is 5-6 centimeters in diameter. The height of the bush is 15 centimeters.

miniature flower. The bush consists of 40 inflorescences, the diameter of the flowers is 1 - 2.5 centimeters. The petals are feather-shaped, white or light pink. Flowering lasts from April to July.

A beautiful double variety, with red, multi-row, reed flowers.

Rob Roy- miniature flowers, all shades of red. The flowers are 1-2 centimeters in diameter.

The flowers are dark red in color, with pointed, needle-like petals, shaped like a fused tube. The diameter of the flowers is 5 centimeters. The center is bright yellow. The bush consists of 25 inflorescences.

Early variety Daisy- simple, medium-sized flowers of bright pink color. 2-3 centimeters in diameter.

Snowball - large, snow-white, multi-row, double flowers. Flowering lasts from May to June. The bush consists of 20 inflorescences.
The large-flowered daisy reaches 30 centimeters in height. The leaves are strong, large, the flowers are reed, multi-row, white.

Terry hybrid with large flowers, 6 centimeters in diameter. The petals are elongated, pink, white or red.

You can also select varieties: Tasso, Rominette, Roggli Rozza, Speedstar, Belissima, Prolifera and others.

To get a strong healthy seedlings, you need to choose the right seeds. Daisy seeds are quite small and are sold natural or coated. The pelleted seeds are covered with a nutritious coating, which dissolves in the soil when planted. Simple seeds require pre-treatment before sowing.

Seeds are sown in boxes, containers, pots, peat tablets, or in greenhouses, greenhouses, and open ground.
In any case, daisies grown from seedlings are healthy, and when sown in winter, they bloom in the first year of cultivation.

When to plant seedlings

Sowing seeds for seedlings is carried out two months before planting in the ground (March - April). In this case, planting takes place in May - early June.
In order for the daisy to bloom in the first year, the seeds are sown in January - early February. In this case, planting is done in a greenhouse or greenhouse.

Sowing at home and in heated greenhouses is carried out from January to March. In greenhouses, seeds should be sown from March to April.

In open ground, sowing is done after the soil warms up in May - June.

Preparing soil and seeds

The container for sowing seeds should be low and spacious (box, container, pot). A layer of drainage (gravel, vermiculite, coarse sand) is poured onto the bottom.

The soil should be loose and fertile. It can be purchased at flower shop or make it from turf soil, sand, humus. The mixture is sifted and poured with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Before sowing, seeds are disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate for 25 minutes. Then dry on a napkin.

If the seeds are coated, they do not require additional processing. The protective shell protects the seeds from fungal and viral diseases and pests.

Seed germination is high and this must be taken into account when distributing planting material. The pelleted seeds are distributed over the surface with tweezers (with an interval of 1.5-2 centimeters from each other). Small seeds are poured onto a sheet of paper and scattered in a thin stream over the soil. With such sowing, weak shoots must be removed after germination.

The seeds are sprinkled with soil mixture or sand (buried a couple of centimeters). The earth is splashed warm water from a spray bottle.

Using peat tablets, each tablet contains 1 granule or 3 seeds. The tablets are placed in a container, sprinkled with water and covered with a transparent lid.

The crops are covered with film. The air temperature during seed germination should be 21-22 degrees. The first shoots appear 9-12 days after sowing.
When the cotyledons unfold, the temperature drops to 15 degrees, and the shelter is removed. Lowering the temperature prevents sprouts from stretching.

Watering is carried out as the soil dries, a spray bottle is used until the shoots appear, then the water must be poured carefully along the edge of the container, without touching the crops. The water must be settled room temperature. Excess moisture is drained from the pan. The earth should not dry out, but also excess moisture can lead to disease and death of sprouts.

Daisies love light and for good growth they are provided with additional lighting with a phytolamp or fluorescent lamp.

The total daylight hours should not be 12-15 hours. Additional illumination is carried out in the morning and evening, during dark hours.

After 2-3 leaves appear, the seedlings are planted in separate containers. When using peat tablets, seedlings are planted in containers with them. The soil for replanting should have a similar composition as when sowing seeds.

When using peat pots, further planting in the ground is carried out directly in them; the peat serves as additional nutrition for the plant.

A few weeks before planting the seedlings in the ground, the plants need to be hardened off. To do this, the room where they are kept is regularly ventilated. The seedlings are regularly taken to a cool place (loggia, balcony) for several hours. Hardening should occur gradually, starting from 10 minutes, you need to add time every day.

When growing seedlings in winter, transplantation is carried out in greenhouses or greenhouses, and then, in May, the plants are planted in open ground.

The place for planting in the ground should be light or slightly darkened. Areas with stagnant moisture or lowlands are not suitable for this. The place should be level or with a slight slope.

Loam is considered the best soil for daisies. The optimal soil acidity level should be 5.5-6.2.

If necessary, wood ash or slaked lime is added a month before planting.
On square meter Take a glass of lime (ash), 25 grams of potassium sulfide and 50 grams of superphosphate. Humus or compost is added to the soil before planting.

Depending on the variety, daisies are planted at a distance of 10-20 centimeters from each other.

The seedlings are transplanted into the ground at the end of May - beginning of June, after the end of the last spring frosts.

The size of the holes should correspond to the diameter of the pot where the seedling grew. The plant waddles along with the earthen lump and is slightly pressed with earth. After planting, the seedlings need to be watered with settled water.

Daisies are considered unpretentious plants and the most important thing in care is timely, regular watering. On hot days, watering is done at least 3 times a week.

Mulching helps retain moisture and prevents weeds from growing quickly. If mulching is not used, the soil around the plants must be loosened. You need to work carefully, without touching the bushes.

The root system of daisies is small and the slightest damage causes the flower to die.

Weeding is done as the weeds germinate. Dried flowers and leaves are removed after they dry out, this allows flowering to resume in the autumn.

Plants are fertilized 2 times per season. For this purpose, complex flower fertilizers are used.

1. At the end of May - beginning of June, the plants are fertilized with nitroammophos. 40 grams of fertilizer is diluted in 10 liters warm water. About a liter of solution is used per bush. Fertilizing is done during watering.
2. During the growth process, potassium chloride (20 grams per square meter) is added to the soil and ammonium nitrate(15 grams).

Diseases and pests rarely damage daisies, but both still appear under unfavorable conditions.

The most dangerous pests for daisies are small rodents and mice. They chew the roots of plants, which leads to the death of the flower. To destroy them, special baits with poison are used.

Occasionally, mites appear on plants To eliminate them, the bushes are sprayed with karbofos and acaricides. At small area lesions, a solution of laundry soap is used.

From thrips, Damaging flowers are helped by Aktara, Fufanon, Iskra or infusion of celandine, marigold.

When slugs and caterpillars appear, the bushes are treated with insecticides (Aktellik, Bicol, Metaldehyde, Lepidocide). If the pest infestation is isolated, you can use manual assembly.

Plants can be affected by gray and brown rot. To prevent diseases, copper oxychloride and the drugs Kupritox and Hom are used. Bordeaux mixture, Topaz, is used to combat rust.

If the peduncle becomes elongated, the inflorescences become smaller, the leaves become discolored and become small, the bushes are immediately removed from the site along with the earthen lump. The soil is spilled with a solution of potassium permanganate. There are no drugs to combat this disease.

Powdery mildew sometimes appears on daisies. Used to fight disease copper sulfate, colloidal sulfur or the preparations Trichodermin, Pure Flower, Topaz.

You can use traditional methods(infusion of horsetail or garlic). To avoid disease, you need to ensure that the soil is easily breathable and does not become waterlogged. Plantings should not become thickened and overgrown with weeds.

The most in a simple way protection against pests and diseases is prevention. If you make sure that the bushes do not thicken, that weeds do not appear, and that you loosen and fertilize the soil, even rare lesions can be eliminated.

Tubular and double varieties produce few seeds. When propagated by seed they produce many simple shapes. To obtain decorative flowers, plants are propagated by dividing the bush and cuttings.

Seeds from other varieties should be collected as the inflorescences wither. The inflorescences are removed from the bush and dried on a sheet of paper. The inflorescences are laid out in a thin layer. When dry, they become dry to the touch. The seeds become light gray in color.

The collected seeds are sifted from the petals and scattered into paper bags. They are stored in a dry and cool place.

Seeds remain viable for 2-3 years.

If the seeds are not collected on time, they scatter on the ground and in the spring many shoots appear, which are resistant to cold, but when flowering the buds become smaller, the decorative effect is most often lost.

To prevent daisies from degenerating, overgrown bushes are dug up, divided and planted in a new place.

In autumn, before frost, withered leaves and the flowers are removed. Soil is added to the exposed roots. The soil around the bushes is covered with 8-10 centimeters of mulch.
Mulching plants with peat, humus, sawdust, and pine needles allows you to preserve bushes in winter.

The plants are covered on top with dry leaves, straw, and spruce branches. Spruce branches and needles additionally protect plants from rodents.

In the spring, after the snow melts, the cover is removed and the flowers are fertilized for the first time.

Abundantly blooming, low-growing flowers are suitable for planting on lawns (edging or ground cover), mixborders, along paths, in flower beds, ridges, alpine slides, rock gardens, in outdoor vases, pots, containers and on balconies, terraces, loggias.

Bushes near ponds, large stones, near bushes and trees look very picturesque. Flowers are used in bouquets and look beautiful in vases.

Daisies easily combine with many flowers and look great together with other plants, for example, decorative ferns, bergenia, coniferous bushes, forget-me-nots, daffodils, hyacinths, primroses, pansies, hellebores, tulips, daylilies, lilies of the valley, primroses.

Perennial daisy - growing from seeds: video

Landscape designers and flower growers love daisies for their unpretentiousness, beauty and ability to combine with other flowers. The plant not only decorates flower beds, but also serves for medicinal purposes in the form of seasonings.

The daisy is a flower that does not claim the title of star of garden design, but is quite content with the role of an extra. But, being planted in a group, blooming daisies set the tone for the entire geometry of the backyard landscape, emphasizing the boundaries of flower beds and walking areas, spreading carpet paths along garden paths, creating a colorful foreground in front of tall flower beds and maintaining clear boundaries of green lawns. How to plant and grow daisies, choose the right variety and make them bloom amicably and abundantly - all this requires certain knowledge and a competent approach, so we will dwell in more detail on the rules of agricultural technology for these modest, but infinitely cute flowering inhabitants of our gardens.

General description with photo

Daisies are a low herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae or Asteraceae family. They have a small compact rhizome and a leafless peduncle stem growing from a dense basal rosette. The leaves of the rosette are spatulate-elongated, with a crenate edge. Each peduncle forms only one flower head with a conical receptacle. The inflorescences of the original species are bisexual, simple, species daisies look like yellow or white multi-petaled daisies. Decorative varieties can differ greatly from each other in size, doubleness of inflorescences and, of course, their color.

By life cycle They are divided into annual and perennial, however, very often gardeners practice two-year cultivation of daisies, when in the first year compact green rosettes without flowers appear from the seeds, and in the second year lush, abundant flowering occurs.

If the buds are not removed as they wither (and this is not so easy to do, given that daisies are not planted individually, but in a continuous dense carpet), then the plant will actively self-sow. But this will not make the process of planting and growing varietal daisies easier, since the most ordinary flowers will grow, having lost their valuable varietal characteristics.

Ripe fruits are a flattened achene without a tuft.

Growing daisies from seeds

Sowing with personally collected seeds is justified only for species varieties. Ornamental varieties bred by breeders can be planted with seeds for seedlings only when they were purchased from the manufacturer. Sowing daisies can be done both as seedlings and in open ground.

Growing through seedlings

The seedling method is preferable from the point of view that in this case it will be possible to obtain flowering already in the current season. It all depends on when to plant the seeds. It is recommended to sow in February, or at least in early March, immediately using individual planting containers. The root system of daisies develops in breadth, which leads to injury to the seedlings during transplantation. Sowing is done in nutritious, structured, well-moistened soil without deepening. It is permissible to sprinkle a thin layer of sand on top. After this, the seeds need to be pressed well into the soil and the container covered with plastic wrap. Before the first seedlings appear, the dishes should be placed in a warm and well-lit place, but not in direct sunlight to avoid the formation of excessive condensation.

After germination, and this can happen after 1-2 weeks, you need to move the containers to a cool, but no less bright place. Winter daylight cannot satisfy the seedlings' need for lighting, so at first it will be necessary to supplement it with a lamp.

When to plant seedlings in open ground?

Daisies are light-loving plants that do not tolerate sudden soil frosts, especially at a young age. Therefore, seedlings are planted in open ground no earlier than the end of May or even the beginning of June.

Picking

The plant does not tolerate root injury well at a young age, so it is advisable to do without additional planting of seedlings in containers. It is better to sow the seeds with a quantitative reserve, and then carefully cut off the excess sprouts at the root with scissors. Seedlings are planted in open ground by transshipment, and if grown in peat pots, together with them. The distance between neighboring bushes should be 15-20 cm, taking into account the growth of the root rosette.

Planting seeds in open ground

The earliest date for direct sowing of seeds in open ground is the end of May. It should be understood that this year it is unlikely that full flowering will be achieved, since all efforts will be directed towards the formation of the root system and leaf rosette. Seeds in open ground will need to be sprinkled with a thin layer of sand to protect them from birds and wind. Everything is covered with a film on top, which is lifted daily for ventilation. It is convenient to plant seeds in rows. As soon as the density of seedlings can be assessed, excess plants are removed using scissors.

Do not uproot excess seedlings from the ground; this will disrupt the root system of the remaining seedlings and slow down their development.

Selecting a location

The place for planting daisies is selected primarily based on their decorative purpose, so you should be prepared for the fact that the composition of the soil in the selected location will have to be optimized for this crop. The question is simplified by the fact that daisies do not make great demands on the soil. But they feel best on light loam. Water should not stagnate in this place; in lowlands, you need to take care in advance of its high-quality and timely outflow.

As for lighting, daisies are unpretentious here too. They are ready to grow open area with sufficient moisture and in slight passing shade. Perhaps, the only difference will be in the height of the peduncles; in the first case, they will be shorter, and the leaf rosettes will be denser.

Caring for Daisies

It’s not difficult to grow these flowers, but you won’t be able to forget about them for a long time. The flowerbed must be weeded regularly, watered in a timely manner and fed occasionally. You need to be careful with loosening the soil; shallow roots are easily damaged. For the same reason, you can’t delay watering, it will dry out. upper layer soil - daisies will suffer. With a lack of water, the inflorescences begin to shrink, and decorative terry varieties lose their doubleness. A layer of mulch will help partially solve this problem; the soil will release less moisture and dry out more slowly in the heat.

Mulching provides another advantage - mulch covers protruding roots, which the crop has a natural tendency to do.

Feeding

Daisies are among the plants for which feeding is the most important care item. With unobtrusive “service” their appearance will differ little from their wild counterparts growing in nature (in Russia - Crimea, Caucasus). If you provide them high level agricultural background, they will be able to fully reveal their decorative potential. In early spring, when planting daisies or on an existing flowerbed, add a balanced mineral composition for flowering open-ground crops. After waiting for the start of budding, you need to re-feed with a composition with a reduced percentage of nitrogen inclusion or with its complete absence.

Removing faded buds can not only prolong flowering, but also cause a second wave. To do this, you can walk through a flower bed with daisies with a lawnmower, cutting off all the flower stalks at the end of flowering. Very soon there will be a new flowering, and it will continue until frost.

Vegetative propagation methods

You can plant daisies not only by the generative method (seeds), but also by cuttings and dividing the bush. This primarily applies to varietal varieties in order to preserve their visual attractiveness.

Cuttings

The best time for cutting is the last week of August or the first of September (dates may vary depending on the weather). To do this, use a sharp knife or garden pruning shears; you need to cut off the leafy side stems. They are planted immediately in a training bed with loose soil. nutrient substrate. You can place them in a container with water. After just a couple of weeks, the green cuttings should produce new roots. It’s better to put them on the ground immediately after this. permanent place. Next year they will produce full blooms.

Dividing the bush

It is worth knowing that after dividing the bush, the plant does not look as neat, lush and beautiful as one grown from purchased high-quality seeds. But you will have to resort to it from time to time for reasons that will be described below. The timing is the same as for cutting cuttings, but spring division is also acceptable. An adult, full-fledged bush is divided into 4-6 parts. First, all flower stalks and leaves without petioles are pinched off. The roots of the dug out bush are shortened to 5-8 cm. This will make rooting easier.

Divisions of adult daisies easily take root even with virtually no roots at all, producing new ones from the base of the petioles, so there is no need to try to preserve their entire root system.

Seed collection

Daisy seeds do not give away all at once, but as they ripen during a long flowering period, so if you want to collect all the seed material, you need to do this in stages every 5-7 days. It is necessary to carefully cut off the already wilted but not yet scattered seeds of the inflorescence, shake them out onto paper and lay them out on it to dry. For storage, paper envelopes or bags are also used, which are left in a dry and dark place for the winter.

Before harvesting, do not water the daisies; jets of water can easily wash away the ripe seeds.

Wintering

The plant can overwinter in open ground, but requires shelter due to the shallow location of the horses, especially if the winter is frosty and with little snow. Sawdust, dry leaves, peat, humus or any other warming mulch, sprinkled in a layer of at least 7-9 cm, are suitable for this. In old areas where plant roots protrude outward from the soil, the need for mulching increases in winter, and the thickness of the layer should also increase . In spring, such bushes must be replanted.

Transfer

This point of agricultural technology applies only to perennial varieties. The need for their periodic transplantation is dictated by the tendency of the culture to degenerate. At first, the planting pleases with the beauty of large double flowers, but after a few years in the same place there is no trace of its former decorativeness. As soon as the clump begins to grow, the flowers become smaller and their double quality disappears. And, if other flowering crops require rejuvenating transplantation no earlier than after 5-6 years, then daisies need this much more often. If it is not possible to replant and divide the bush, then you should at least remove the excess bushes. This is quite a troublesome, but necessary care item.

Genus Daisies(Bellis) family Asteraceae includes 80 species of perennial herbaceous plants native to Eurasia and North America, of which the most common is the perennial daisy (Bellis perennis), grown as a biennial plant. It begins to bloom early in the spring, and stops flowering only in the fall. The division of daisies into groups and varieties is determined by the diameter, doubleness of the inflorescences and the shape of the corolla of the ligulate marginal flowers.

Gardeners most often give preference to double varieties that have white, pink, red, carmine and other shades of red flowers. Although, for example, the flowers of the round-leaved daisy (B. rotundifolia) have White color with a blue tint.

Today daisies can be found in every garden. They decorate lawns, flower beds, terraces, etc.; due to their low growth and abundant flowering, they are actively used in the spring and early summer decoration of flower beds, borders, and ridges; Daisy inflorescences look very beautiful in miniature bouquets.

Daisies - growing and care

Daisies grow best in open sunny places, but they also tolerate partial shading well, especially in the summer heat. They are also distinguished by high winter hardiness.

The soil for them should be loamy, loose, with a large amount of humus, but not greasy, with a moderate content of organic matter.

In dry and hot times, daisies need watering, otherwise their inflorescences will begin to shrink, lose their fullness and stop flowering. They also need watering in windy weather.

Daisies are very responsive to the application of organic and mineral fertilizers. They should be fed in May, when they begin to bloom, by applying liquid fertilizer, for the preparation of which 2 tablespoons of nitrophoska and 2 tablespoons of Agricola-Fantasy are diluted in 10 liters of water and 1 liter of solution is poured under each bush of the plant.

Since these plants retain leaves and buds in winter, they must be covered with dry leaves.

Daisies that are planted on heavy soils may suffer from bulging in the spring. This is the name for the process when they rise above the ground on their roots. To prevent this from happening, before sowing or planting, the soil should be fertilized with humus and good compost, and coarse sand should be added. The reason for bulging bushes can also be a sharp change in temperature, which drops to below zero at night and rises above zero during the day. Such temperature changes are especially dangerous in the absence of snow cover. To avoid this phenomenon, the plantings should be mulched using peat, humus, sawdust and other materials, the layer of which should be approximately 8 cm. If in the spring it becomes obvious that bulging has occurred, then the plants should be transplanted to a new location .

Daisies - transplantation and propagation

Daisies are propagated using seeds, cuttings and dividing the bush.

Seeds are usually sown at the end of June. The emergence of seedlings should be expected in 10-12 days. After another 2 weeks, you should pick the seedlings and water them with the addition of complete mineral fertilizer (from 20 g to 30 g per bucket), and in August, plant the seedlings in open ground so that the distance between plants is from 15 to 20 cm. Here they can already winter in order to bloom by the spring of next year. Every year daisies self-sow abundantly. However, in order to preserve the most beautiful double varieties, plants are propagated by dividing the bushes. They are dug up in August of the second year and divided into separate rosettes with roots. One plant can produce up to 10 new bushes. The daisy can be successfully transplanted even in a blooming state.

Daisies - diseases and pests

Daisies are very resistant to diseases and pests. However, they can be affected by septoria daisy blight or cercospora blight, which can be identified by spots on the leaves. Plants may also experience root rot due to exposure to Texas root rot. To combat all these diseases, appropriate fungicides are used.

In addition to fungal diseases, daisies can be affected by cutworm caterpillars and slugs. In this case, a metaldehyde preparation is laid out (30 grams of the preparation must be used per 10 sq. m.).

And yet, compared to the delicate beauty of this flower, the efforts to grow it are simply meager. The possibilities for using daisies in ornamental gardening are truly endless. It can be used as a carpet plant in large semi-shaded areas with moderate humidity. Such conditions make it possible to not only keep its bright inflorescences beautiful until late autumn, but also its leaves fresh. You can plant daisies in a group composed according to certain rules compositions. You can create spectacular groups of daisies in combination with low-growing ones coniferous plants. You can use them to frame decorative ponds along with ferns. In a word, any of your fantasies can be realized with the help of this small, but surprisingly hardy and beautiful flower.

The daisy is a flower about which legends are made. Many gardeners have been growing it in their flower beds with success for a long time. To date, more than 80 daisy honeycombs are known. These flowers come in a full range of colors. Therefore, they are very loved by landscape designers. With the help of daisies you can create very beautiful compositions.

Daisies belong to the Astrov family. This plant is native to Australia, Europe and America. Almost all modern species of these flowers originate from one species, Perennial Daisy.

Garden daisies develop a rosette in the first year. In the second year, peduncles appear that reach a height of 20-30 cm. Beautiful inflorescences-baskets appear on each peduncle. The number of such inflorescences on one plant can reach 25-30 pieces.

Gardeners use about 30 species of daisies. There are early and late varieties. In addition, daisies can have inflorescences of different shapes and sizes. Flower growers are especially fond of double varieties of daisies.

The most popular varietal series are:

• "Rominette" An early form of daisies. Large, densely double inflorescences are among the first to appear in the garden. These daisies can be planted in flower beds and borders. When planted in groups, these daisies can be used to create a beautiful thick carpet. They are also used in container gardening.

This type of daisy can be painted in one of four colors.

The most popular is “Carmine Rose”

• "Habanera" Another very popular type of double daisies. This flower has lancet baskets with a diameter of 6 cm. The most beautiful daisy of this species is painted white with a red tip "White Visa Red".

This variety of daisies looks great next to ferns and low-growing conifers. White Visan Red daisies are combined with early tulips, forget-me-nots and some varieties of hyacinths.

• "Tasso" Unlike previous series, daisies of this type have pompom-shaped baskets. Tasso daisies usually bloom early and are compact in size. Most varieties of this species can be used as carpet plants.

There are red, pink and white varieties of "Tasso". They prefer sunny open places, but in hot weather direct sunlight can depress the plant. With proper preparation, they tolerate winter cold well.

• "Robella" A variety that was bred not so long ago. Daisies of this variety have salmon-pink terry baskets of folded flowers. Rarely reach a height of 15 cm. This variety was awarded highest award International Organization of Decorative Floriculture.

Robella daisies will look beautiful in flowerpots, on a rocky hill and in the foreground of a mixborder. This variety of daisies can be combined with tulips, forget-me-nots, daffodils and violas.

The variety is also popular among Russian flower growers "Pomponette". It is distinguished by bulbous flowers.

Variety "Schneebel" known for producing up to 20 large pom-pom flowers on one bush.

The most popular early variety of daisies is "Rosa Gigantea". And later "Beethoven". Varieties of daisies are suitable for container keeping or indoor forcing "Dresden China" And "The Pearl".

Daisy flowers: legends and beliefs

The word "daisy" is derived from the word "margarites". Which means “pearl” in Greek. According to one legend, the little Virgin Mary loved to look at the sky in the evenings. She wanted the stars to become flowers that she could play with. The stars sparkled in the droplets of emerging dew like pearls. And the next day, in place of the dew drops, beautiful flowers appeared - daisies.

Russian legends also mention this flower and pearls. The legend about Sadko says that when he came ashore, his wife Lyubava rushed to her lover and scattered her pearl necklace. In the places where the pearls fell, daisies appeared.

The daisy is sung by many poets. Shakespeare said about this flower, “Her white robe represents naivety.” Pliny named this flower Bellis"beautiful". This is the word used today to call the genus of this flower.

Daisies are revered throughout Europe. In France, it is customary to give these flowers a week before Easter (analogous to our Palm Sunday). Daisies decorate the windows of houses, gardens and parks. It’s a pity, but today these beautiful flowers are gradually being replaced by tulips, daffodils and hyacinths.

Daisies are very popular in England. Songs and legends are dedicated to them. With their help, girls tell fortunes by tearing off the petals of a daisy “loves or dislikes.” In German culture, due to this, daisies are called "measure of love". And boys, for the quick onset of spring, they must step on 12 forget-me-nots.

Medieval knights, who received consent from their lovers for marriage, placed an image of this flower on their shields. Most likely, this legend is associated with Countess Margaret, who gave this flower to Count Orlando before going on the Crusade. The count fell in battle, but his friends brought a flower to his beloved. It was stained with the blood of Count Orlando. Margarita planted the seeds of this flower in memory of her beloved.

Since daisies are the first to bloom buds in the garden, they are also called "eye of the day"(eng. Day's eye). The English shorten the name of daisies to Daisy.

There is another legend associated with this flower. One rich old man fell in love with a beautiful but young girl. Her poor parents were not averse to giving their daughter in marriage to a rich old man. But the girl didn’t want this and ran away. And in order not to be found, she asked the earth to hide her. The earth turned the girl into a daisy that blooms all year round.

At the beginning of the 20th century in Europe, daisies were used to raise money to fight tuberculosis. This experience was first gained in Sweden, where these popular flowers were sold and the proceeds were donated to hospitals. Later other European countries joined in. In Moscow, such an action was carried out in 1910. The sale of daisies generated 150 thousand rubles. Russian newspapers were full of headlines that Muscovites “threw flowers at death.”

Surprisingly, with such a love for daisies, these flowers also had a black stripe. In 1739 in Germany they were called poisonous and called for extermination. But daisies survived and delight us today with their magnificent beauty.

Are daisies annual or perennial?

When growing wild, daisies are perennial plant. But, flower growers grow this plant as a biennial. The fact is that already in the third year the daisies disappear varietal differences, and the buds become small.

When to plant daisies: pompom, cape, little darling, African, terry with seeds for seedlings?

Since gardeners most often use biennial varieties of daisies, flowers sown in open ground will bloom only after a year. But, for those who want to enjoy the flowering of daisies earlier, it is best to plant them in open ground using seedlings.

For seedlings, daisy seeds are planted in special boxes or pots. They can be planted in late January - early March. The sooner you do this, the better. But, since the seedlings of these flowers require sun, it is advisable to increase daylight hours with the help of artificial lighting. Especially if you plant daisies in January-February.

When the air temperature warms up to 15 degrees during the day, the seedlings can already be taken out to the balcony so that the seedlings can “prepare” for planting in open ground.

When to sow daisies in open ground?

Pretty daisies unpretentious plants. They feel good on any composition. The exception may be soils that are excessively acidic and alkaline. A sunny area of ​​the garden is best for daisies. These flowers, blocked by bushes or trees, feel worse than those that receive more light.

It is also important that the soil has good drainage. After clearing the ground of debris, pebbles and plant roots. Today you can buy regular daisy seeds or so-called panned daisies. Such seeds are covered with a special coating that contains nutrients and protect seeds from pests.

If you are planting pelleted daisy seeds, it is very important to frequently water the area in which the seeds are sown. Water will gradually dissolve the shell and the sprout will sprout faster.

Regular seeds are best planted in open ground in March. When the soil warms up to the desired temperature (15–20°C). It is best to scatter the seeds evenly over the area and sprinkle with a small layer of sand or peat. If you plant daisies in holes, there is a risk of planting them at a depth that is too deep for these flowers. This will not only increase germination time, but can also lead to the death of the plant.

The planting site for daisies should be covered with film to create a “greenhouse effect.” Remove the film after 2-3 days. The soil should not be allowed to dry out. With proper care, plants planted in this way appear in 1.5-2 weeks.

What do daisy seedlings look like?

The seedlings of daisies are not fundamentally different from the seedlings of other flowers. First two false leaves appear, and then the rest.

When to pick daisies?

Picking daisies is done with the appearance of the first true leaf. For this purpose, the strongest seedlings are left. The distance between them is left at 5 cm. If the daisies were planted in open ground, then it is best to form rows of them with a distance of 10 cm from each other.

Caring for daisies in the open ground

Daisies are easy to care for. They prefer excess moisture in the soil rather than a lack of it. It is advisable to periodically loosen the soil between the bushes and water 0.5 liters of water under each plant. If the soil in which they grow becomes dry, then when they bloom, the diameter of the daisies may become smaller than usual. Also, lack of moisture can affect terry. She might disappear.

For good growth and vigorous flowering It is advisable to feed daisies. You can use the following solution: Nitrophoska (2 tablespoons), Agricola-Fantasy fertilizer (2 tablespoons) and water (10 liters). Each bush needs 1 liter of this fertilizer. A solution of bird droppings or mullein also works well.

As for daisy diseases, these flowers are less susceptible to them than other plants. The greatest dangers to daisies are caterpillars and slugs. You can fight them with the “Hom” solution.

Daisies can also be susceptible to gray rot, powdery mildew or rust. At the first signs of these diseases, flowers should be treated with Topaz.

In winter, to prevent low temperatures from causing the daisy bushes to freeze, they should be sprinkled with peat, leaves, humus or snow.

When to replant daisies?

These flowers are replanted in the second year after planting. They tolerate this procedure very well even during the flowering period. When transplanting daisies, it is necessary to maintain a distance of 15-20 cm between the bushes.

Reproduction of daisies by dividing the bush

The procedure for dividing the bush is best carried out at the end of July, at the beginning of August. To do this, dig up two-year-old bushes and divide them into 5-6 parts. At the same time, flowers, buds and damaged leaves must be removed and the roots slightly shortened.

New daisy bushes should be planted in pre-prepared holes, sprinkled with soil and watered generously. If necessary, you need to add more soil. Under favorable weather conditions, daisies will tolerate division and replanting well.

When do daisies bloom and how long do they bloom?

Depending on the variety and climate, daisies can bloom from April to November. Most species of this flower bloom profusely in late spring and early summer. And in the hottest month of July, their flowering stops and resumes in August.

In order to encourage the daisy to produce more buds, faded flower heads should be removed.

How to grow daisies on a windowsill or balcony in a pot?

You can also grow daisies at home. The easiest way to do this is to dig up a bush of these flowers from your garden and plant it in a large pot. This is best done in the fall, when the average day temperature drops to +8 degrees.

Prepare a bud favorable for this flower. It should be loose and fertile. Add humus and sand to this soil. The pot with the transplanted plant should be placed near the window. Then the daisies will receive the required amount of light and will bloom in December.

If you plant daisies in pots made from seeds, they will begin to bloom only the next year. The best time to plant seeds of this flower is March-April. Pots or boxes with seedlings should be placed on sunny window and water moderately.

When the seedlings have their first true leaves, they can be planted in separate pots or transplanted into containers with several seedlings each. When rosettes appear, daisies can be grown like other house flowers.

In order for daisies to bloom profusely next year, they need to be placed in a cool place in November and watering reduced to a minimum. At the end of February, the plants are placed on the windowsill again and watered as normal.

For a flower garden planted on a balcony, it is best to choose special containers for daisies, which are sold in hardware stores. And in order not to waste time watering these plants, you can buy and install special automatic systems moistening the earth.

Natalia. Very beautiful flowers. But they need constant watering. Their root system is located almost on the surface and if the soil dries out, the roots can be damaged. And this arrangement of roots does not allow them to withstand dry days. We are only at the dacha on weekends. Somehow we left and forgot to water it. It was a dry week and our daisies withered.

Svetlana. Very beautiful flowers. But I heard that they are also very useful. Based on them, you can make decoctions that help with bronchitis and kidney disease.

Video. Daisies care / low-growing perennial flowers